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Shore () are eaten by , , Fast growing, two-needle pine grosbeaks, chickadees, band-tailed pigeons, closely related to Lodgepole pine. Usually quail, mourning doves, jays, nuthatches, a small up to 50’ with intricate , and siskins. Bushtits, kinglets, branching forms. Highly tolerant of poor chickadees, and woodpeckers glean pine soils and saline conditions. Good in a and other from the branches small garden or as a hedge. and cones. Songbirds nest in most .

Western Hemlock ( heterophylla) Pine Siskins, crossbills, A tall, graceful, rapidly growing, spire-like and chickadees eat the with fine textured, fern-like foliage seeds. Favorite nesting and droopy tips. Fine-textured, dark- for many , needles and red-brown, scaly . Can be including cavity grown singly, in drifts, or used as a screen. Sun nesters. or shade.

Western Red Cedar () Grosbeaks, sparrows, , With a mature size up to 180’, a large yard nuthatches, and siskins eat the is required for a specimen tree. The droop- winged seeds. The foliage provides ing foliage is highly ornamental and aro- shelter and nest sites for birds matic. Young trees can be maintained as a such as juncos, jays, and warblers. hedge. Shade tolerant, prefers moist soil, Cavity-nesting birds roost in the but is adaptable to dry locations. cavities of mature trees.

Pacific Crabapple ( fusca) is a preferred winter food of purple Shrubby tree to 35' tall with attractive, finches, evening grosbeaks, towhees, fragrant blossoms. In fall, the turn , woodpeckers, waxwings red or yellow-orange. Prefers moist to wet and grouse. Cavity nesting birds and habitats. May develop into a thicket. other wildlife may nest and roost in tree cavities of large trees.

Paper ( e t u l a papyrifera) The seeds are eaten by juncos, finches, Mature trees up to 100’ have white, siskins, sparrows, and grouse. Kinglets, copper, or grey bark that peels off in thin woodpeckers, sapsuckers, warblers, layers. The heart-shaped leaves reliably nuthatches and chickadees prey on the turn a cheerful yellow in fall. Especially insects using the tree. The peeling bark is attractive in clumps. Shallow rooted. good nesting material for birds. The cavities Prefers moist soil but will tolerate dry. are used for nesting and roosting sites. Black Hawthorne (Crataegus douglasii) Thorny brambles provide Hardy tree that grows slowly to 10 - 30’ and can protection for nesting and resting also become a brambly thicket. Its arcing crown birds. larvae feed on the of sturdy, spreading branches with glossy, red- leaves and the ’s nectar dish twigs are armed with long, sharp spines attracts hummingbirds and adult that alternate along its length. Likes moist soil, . In winter the berries grows along streams. Excellent fall color. are eaten by over-wintering birds.

C a s c a r a (Frangula pershiana) Attracts pollinators—such as hummingbirds and Small tree, 15-30’, with silvery gray native bees. Berries eaten by grosbeaks, bark that’s nearly smooth and oval, woodpeckers, grouse, band-tailed pigeons, glossy green leaves. Yellow to orange mourning doves, jays, robins, and tanagers. Also fall color. Moist or dry soils, sun or attracts insectivorous birds, including bushtits, shade. A great choice for small yards. kinglets, chickadees, flycatchers, and nuthatches.

Bitter Cherry ( emarginata) The are eaten by birds. The A small, broad-leaved tree from size provide nectar for hummingbirds, honeybees, to 42'. May form a thicket. Attractive clus- and other pollinators. The bark on downed ters of white flowers in spring followed by small red fruits in late summer. Attractive trees is resistant to decay while internal reddish bark. Sun or partial shade. decays, providing habitat for insects, amphibians, birds, and small mammals.

V i n e M a p l e (Acer circinatum) Birds often gather the leaves One of the most desirable small trees for fall and stems for nesting color. In the open they become a small tree, but materials. Grosbeaks, in the understory branches spread out, twisting woodpeckers, nuthatches, upward and along the ground, rerooting as they finches, quail, and grouse go. Partial sun or shade, prefers moist soil. eat the seeds.

Douglas (Acer glabrum) A perfect hideaway for small A small, multi-stemmed tree similar mammals and nesting or to vine maple that grows from 6’ to roosting birds. Grouse, 40’. Has brilliant fall color. Twigs and grosbeaks, , are red in the winter. Will grow chipmunks, and others fatten in open sun, dry conditions. up for the winter on the seeds.

More information is available at Audubon for Birds http://www.audubon.org/plantsforbirds Native Society http://www.wnps.org/landscaping/herbarium/index.html North Cascades Audubon Society northcascadesaudubon.org Photo credits: The Wild Garden, www.nwplants.com and Ms Office clipart Created by Roz Spitzer