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Shore Pine (Pinus contorta) Seeds are eaten by grouse, crossbills, Fast growing, two-needle yellow pine grosbeaks, chickadees, band-tailed pigeons, closely related to Lodgepole pine. Usually quail, mourning doves, jays, nuthatches, a small tree up to 50’ with intricate finches, and siskins. Bushtits, kinglets, branching forms. Highly tolerant of poor chickadees, and woodpeckers glean pine soils and saline conditions. Good in a beetles and other insects from the branches small garden or as a hedge. and cones. Songbirds nest in most pines. Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) Pine Siskins, crossbills, A tall, graceful, rapidly growing, spire-like and chickadees eat the evergreen with fine textured, fern-like foliage seeds. Favorite nesting and droopy tips. Fine-textured, dark-green trees for many birds, needles and red-brown, scaly bark. Can be including cavity grown singly, in drifts, or used as a screen. Sun nesters. or shade. Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) Grosbeaks, sparrows, waxwings, With a mature size up to 180’, a large yard nuthatches, and siskins eat the is required for a specimen tree. The droop- winged seeds. The foliage provides ing foliage is highly ornamental and aro- shelter and nest sites for birds matic. Young trees can be maintained as a such as juncos, jays, and warblers. hedge. Shade tolerant, prefers moist soil, Cavity-nesting birds roost in the but is adaptable to dry locations. cavities of mature trees. Pacific Crabapple (Malus fusca) Fruit is a preferred winter food of purple Shrubby tree to 35' tall with attractive, finches, evening grosbeaks, towhees, fragrant blossoms. In fall, the leaves turn sapsuckers, woodpeckers, waxwings red or yellow-orange. Prefers moist to wet and grouse. Cavity nesting birds and habitats. May develop into a thicket. other wildlife may nest and roost in tree cavities of large trees. Paper Birch ( B e t u l a papyrifera) The seeds are eaten by juncos, finches, Mature trees up to 100’ have white, siskins, sparrows, and grouse. Kinglets, copper, or grey bark that peels off in thin woodpeckers, sapsuckers, warblers, layers. The heart-shaped leaves reliably nuthatches and chickadees prey on the turn a cheerful yellow in fall. Especially insects using the tree. The peeling bark is attractive in clumps. Shallow rooted. good nesting material for birds. The cavities Prefers moist soil but will tolerate dry. are used for nesting and roosting sites. Black Hawthorne (Crataegus douglasii) Thorny brambles provide Hardy tree that grows slowly to 10 - 30’ and can protection for nesting and resting also become a brambly thicket. Its arcing crown birds. Butterfly larvae feed on the of sturdy, spreading branches with glossy, red- leaves and the flower’s nectar dish twigs are armed with long, sharp spines attracts hummingbirds and adult that alternate along its length. Likes moist soil, butterflies. In winter the berries grows along streams. Excellent fall color. are eaten by over-wintering birds. C a s c a r a (Frangula pershiana) Attracts pollinators—such as hummingbirds and Small tree, 15-30’, with silvery gray native bees. Berries eaten by grosbeaks, bark that’s nearly smooth and oval, woodpeckers, grouse, band-tailed pigeons, glossy green leaves. Yellow to orange mourning doves, jays, robins, and tanagers. Also fall color. Moist or dry soils, sun or attracts insectivorous birds, including bushtits, shade. A great choice for small yards. kinglets, chickadees, flycatchers, and nuthatches. Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata) The fruits are eaten by birds. The flowers A small, broad-leaved tree from shrub size provide nectar for hummingbirds, honeybees, to 42'. May form a thicket. Attractive clus- and other pollinators. The bark on downed ters of white flowers in spring followed by small red fruits in late summer. Attractive trees is resistant to decay while internal wood reddish bark. Sun or partial shade. decays, providing habitat for insects, amphibians, birds, and small mammals. V i n e M a p l e (Acer circinatum) Birds often gather the leaves One of the most desirable small trees for fall and stems for nesting color. In the open they become a small tree, but materials. Grosbeaks, in the understory branches spread out, twisting woodpeckers, nuthatches, upward and along the ground, rerooting as they finches, quail, and grouse go. Partial sun or shade, prefers moist soil. eat the seeds. Douglas Maple (Acer glabrum) A perfect hideaway for small A small, multi-stemmed tree similar mammals and nesting or to vine maple that grows from 6’ to roosting birds. Grouse, 40’. Has brilliant fall color. Twigs and grosbeaks, squirrels, buds are red in the winter. Will grow chipmunks, and others fatten in open sun, dry conditions. up for the winter on the seeds. More information is available at Audubon Plants for Birds http://www.audubon.org/plantsforbirds Washington Native Plant Society http://www.wnps.org/landscaping/herbarium/index.html North Cascades Audubon Society northcascadesaudubon.org Photo credits: The Wild Garden, www.nwplants.com and Ms Office clipart Created by Roz Spitzer .

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