Public Opinion in

March 2-8, 2017 Detailed Methodology • The survey was conducted on behalf of the Center for Insights in Survey Research by Ipsos Hungary Zrt. • Data was collected between March 2 and March 8, 2017 through face-to-face interviews. • The total number of interviews was 1,000. • Sample size: Tot a l population (n=1,000). • Margin of error: Plus or minus 3.25 percent with 95 percent confidence level. • The sample is comprised of Hungarian residents aged 18 years and older. • Regions included in the sample are: Central Hungary; Central Transdanubia; Western Transdanubia; Southern Transdanubia; Northern Hungary; Northern Great Plain; and the Southern Great Plain. The sample includes both urban and rural inhabitants. Inhabitants of poorly accessible, remote parts of the country (comprising approximately 1% percent of the population) were excluded from the sample. • The sample design was a three-stage, random sample. • Stage One: Primary sampling unit—settlements • Stage Two: Secondary sampling unit—addresses • Stage Three: Tertiary sampling unit—respondent (selected individuals within randomly selected address by using quotas based on age and gender). • Figures in charts and tables may not add to up 100 percent due to rounding error and/or multiple choice answers.

2 Glossary of Hungarian Political Parties

• -MPSZ: Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance • : Movement for Better Hungary • MSZP: Hungarian Socialist Party • DK: Democratic Coalition • LMP: Politics Can Be Different • Együtt: -Party for a New Era • KDNP: Christian Democratic People’s Party • MKKP: Hungarian Two-tailed Dog Party • Munkáspárt: Hungarian Worker’s Party • MoMa: Modern Hungary Movement • MLP: Hungarian

3 Opinions of the National and Regional Context Generally speaking, would you say that Hungary is heading…

12%

38% In the right direction

In the wrong direction 50% Don't know/Refused to answer

5 What would you say is the single biggest problem facing Hungary today; that is, the one that you are most concerned about? (Spontaneous answers) Poverty and social inequality 28% Corruption 15% Unemployment and jobs 13% Healthcare 12% Immigration control 4% Problems affecting youth 4% Pensions 4% Education/School system 3% Economy 3% Politics/Internal politics 3% Terrorism 2% Social problems 2% Rise of extremism 1% Crime 1% Safety/Peace/Security 1% Work of the institutions/Rule of law 1% Nepotism 1% Taxes 1% Threats against the environment 1% Other 1%

6 What is the single biggest problem facing Europe today; that is, the one that you are most concerned about? (Spontaneous answers)

Terrorism 26% Immigration control 19% Poverty and social inequality 11% Corruption 8% Rise of extremism 6% Politics/Internal politics 4% Crime 4% Safety/Peace/Security 4% Unemployment and jobs 3% Healthcare 3% Economy 3% Problems affecting youth 2% Pensions 2% Social problems 2% Threats against the environment 2% Education/School system 1% Work of the institutions/Rule of law 1% Taxes 1% Other 1%

7 What has the greatest likelihood of threatening our way of life and our children’s future?

40% Bankruptcy and disappearance of health and social security systems 34% 35% Terrorism, extremism, and 30% political violence 28%

25% Migration and demographic change

20% 19% Collapse of banks/Financial 15% system/General economic collapse

10% 9% War/Expansion of the conflict in Ukraine 6% 5% 3% 1% Loss of culture, values, and the way of life we grew up with 0%

Other

8 Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in Hungary?

26%

Yes No

74%

9 Do you think that the process of globalization has benefitted or hurt your family?

Very much hurt 11%

Somewhat hurt 44%

Somewhat benefitted 41%

Very much benefitted 5%

10 Did you vote in the Hungary parliamentary elections?

2% Yes

30% No

68% No answer/Refused to answer

11 How likely, if at all, are you to vote in the next elections?

Very unlikely 13%

Somewhat unlikely 15%

Somewhat likely 30%

Very likely 42%

12 If elections were held this coming Sunday, for which party would you vote? (Respondents who have decided: n=538)

Fidesz-MPSZ 42%

Jobbik 18%

MSZP 16%

DK 9%

LMP 6%

Együtt 2%

MKKP 1%

Munkáspárt 1% Decided population MoMa 1%

KDNP 1%

MLP 1%

Other 3%

*See glossary of political parties on Slide 3. 13 If there are two candidates running for office and they have the same qualifications aside from the fact that one is a man and one is a woman, which candidate are you more likely to support?

Man 25%

Woman

60% 15% Makes no difference to me

14 Trust in the Political System What is needed most in Hungary right now?

5%

Stability and 45% continuity

Change 50%

Don't know/Refused to answer

16 What should such a change look like? (Respondents who said that change is needed: n=497)

45% Change of government from 40% 39% 38% the current party to the opposition 35% party

30% Change of party leadership so that 25% 23% new faces are in control 20%

15% Constitutional or systemic change that would alter 10% completely the way government 5% business is conducted 0%

17 What should such a change look like?

Age:18-29 Age:60+ 60% 60% Change of 55% government from the current party 50% to the opposition 50% party 45%

40% 40% Change of party leadership so that new faces are in control 30% 27% 28% 30% 28%

20% Constitutional or 20% 17% systemic change that would alter completely the way government 10% business is 10% conducted

0% 0%

18 What is needed most at the European level?

9%

Stability and continuity

37% 54% Change

Don't know/Refused to answer

19 If you could have only one or the other, which is more important to you: a democratic system of government or a prosperous economy?

Democracy is definitely more important 24% to me

Democracy is somewhat more important 30% to me

Prosperity is somewhat more important 32% to me

Prosperity is definitely more important 14% to me

20 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:

“Politicians do not listen to the needs and “Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of women.” ideas of young people.”

Agree Agree 32% 39% 61% 68% Disagree Disagree

21 Issues of Identity Opinions of the European Union: Which statement is closest to your opinion?

The EU is a political community, granting certain rights and 15% benefits to all citizens, and requiring loyalty and sacrifice in 34% return.

The EU is an association of sovereign states, with little connection to individual citizens; 51% citizens owe loyalty and sacrifice to their states, not to the EU.

Don't know

23 On a scale from 1 to 5, does Hungary have more in common with Western Europe or with Russia in the following areas? (1=completely akin to Western Europe; 5=completely akin to Russia)

Completely akin to Western Europe (1) Somewhat akin to Western Europe (2) Somewhere in between (3) Somewhat akin to Russia (4) Completely akin to Russia (5)

Healthcare, pensions, and other social benefits 3% 16% 32% 25% 15%

Employment and standard of living 3% 15% 35% 25% 12%

Morality and values 7% 25% 35% 16% 7%

Culture and intellectual life 9% 29% 36% 12% 5%

24 On a scale from 1 to 5, does Hungary have more in common with Western Europe or with Russia in the following areas? (1=completely akin to Western Europe; 5=completely akin to Russia) (Disaggregated by age: 45-60yrs, n=284)

Completely akin to Western Europe (1) Somewhat akin to Western Europe (2) Somewhere in between (3) Somewhat akin to Russia (4) Completely akin to Russia (5)

Healthcare, pensions, 15% social benefits 2% 30% 22% 16%

Employment and standard of living 3% 10% 35% 26% 13%

Morality and values 7% 22% 30% 18% 10%

Culture and intellectual life 9% 28% 31% 12% 7%

25 On a scale from 1 to 5, does Hungary have more in common with Western Europe or with Russia in the following areas? (1=completely akin to Western Europe; 5=completely akin to Russia) (Disaggregated by age: 60+, n=264)

Completely akin to Western Europe (1) Somewhat akin to Western Europe (2) Somewhere in between (3) Somewhat akin to Russia (4) Completely akin to Russia (5)

Healthcare, pensions, social 14% benefits 3% 25% 29% 20%

Employment and standard of 14% living 2% 32% 28% 15%

Morality and values 6% 24% 36% 17% 7%

Culture and intellectual life 5% 27% 41% 12% 3%

26 Vladimir Putin’s Russia has tried to portray itself as a defender of Christendom and traditional European values in areas ranging from the protection of the family unit to defending against Islamic and other non-European cultures. What is your opinion of this view of Russia? It is true – on this issue at least, Russia has taken the side of traditional European values.

18% 19% It is not really true – Russia is just cynically pretending to stand up for traditional European values, while really pursuing its own geopolitical interests. 14%

It is not true at all – it demonstrates 49% Russia’s rejection of modern Western values of tolerance and inclusiveness.

Don't know

27 How, then, do you view Russia and Putin as you try to address these changes in European culture and practice? (Respondents who said that they believe that Russia is defending European values: n=183) 40% Russia and Putin can be allies 35% against an EU that is pushing us 35% to abandon our values.

30% 30% I wish Russia could be an ally, but I don’t trust Putin; some 25% 24% cooperation would be possible, but I would be very careful. 20%

Regardless of my disagreement 15% with some EU policies, I don’t think Russia should have any 11% influence over how EU policies 10% are made.

5% Don't know

0%

28 On a scale of 1 to 5, how strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Hungarian interests are best served by maintaining strong relations with…”

Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neutral Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree

EU 24% 37% 24% 6% 2%

Germany 23% 36% 25% 6% 3%

UK 17% 31% 32% 9% 4%

USA 14% 31% 33% 9% 5%

Russia 10% 17% 35% 19% 12%

China 8% 17% 35% 20% 13%

29 In your opinion, what is the greatest benefit Hungary receives from its membership in the European Union?

60% Financial aid from the EU

50% Access to the common market and 50% border-free travel

Support of European culture and values

40% Security and stability

Support for democratic governance and 30% rule of law

24% None

20% Don't know

9% 10% 6% 5% 4% 2% 0%

30 In your opinion, what is the greatest cost Hungary incurs because of its membership in the European Union?

Rising prices and increased economic 40% competition from other member states 35% Loss of independence and sovereignty 35%

Being treated like “junior partners” in the 30% European Project Undermining of traditional values and ways of life 25% 22% None

20% Don't know

15% 15%

11% 10% 10% 7%

5%

0% 31 Opinions of the European Union: Which statement is closest to your opinion?

15% 33%

52%

The European Project has been a success, ensuring peace, economic growth, and the reintegration of Eastern Europe; its important work must continue. The European Project played a major role in creating modern Europe, but the world has changed; the Project needs to be rethought. Don't know

32 Opinions of NATO: Which statement is closest to your opinion?

NATO guaranteed peace in Europe for the last 70 years, and retains a vital role in the maintenance of peace and security on the Continent. 16%

43% Though NATO played a significant role in the security of Europe in the past, the world has changed since the end of the Cold War and NATO is no longer as 41% important; our approach to security should be rethought.

Don't know

33 Opinions of peace in Europe: Which statement is closest to your opinion?

Europe is at peace, and there are no significant threats to peace on the 8% horizon. 20%

The peace of Europe is threatened on multiple fronts, from terrorism to a resurgent Russia to an influx of migrants. 72%

Don't know

34 Opinions of Russia’s role in Europe: Which statement is closest to your opinion?

20% 26%

54%

Russia is a continuous external threat to Europe, and must be countered by a strong security alliance.

Russia should be considered a partner in European security, and brought into European security structures; keeping Russia out makes us less secure. Don't know 35 Opinions of U.S. partnership in Europe: Which statement is closest to your opinion?

The United States is a natural partner for European security, and its presence in NATO contributes to peace of Europe. 17%

42% The United States should not play a role in European security, and in fact its presence in Europe increases tensions and insecurity. 41%

Don't know

36 Opinions of investing in security: Which statement is closest to your opinion?

Current security threats mean Hungary should invest more money in defense and security, even if this means having less money available for things like pensions, healthcare, 33% and education.

67% The current security threats are not serious enough to justify increased defense spending; these resources should instead be used for things like pensions, healthcare, and education.

37 Opinions of border security: Which statement is closer to your opinion?

52% 48%

The only way to address the problems of migrants and terrorism is to close the borders of Hungary regardless of the effect such a move would have on the free movement of people in the European Union.

Closing national borders is a bad idea, because no country has the ability to address the problem on its own. Instead, collective organizations like NATO and the EU must be engaged to intercept migrants and coordinate anti-terror efforts. 38 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Ukraine is a part of Russia’s sphere of influence, thus Russia has a right to have a role in decisions made in Ukraine.”

Strongly disagree 26%

Somewhat disagree 28%

Somewhat agree 24%

Strongly agree 5%

Don't know 18%

39 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “The security of Hungary would be better protected by remaining neutral, rather than being forced to choose sides between NATO and Russia.”

Strongly disagree 9%

Somewhat disagree 19%

Somewhat agree 40%

Strongly agree 19%

Don't know 14%

40 Sources of Political News From which source do you get most of your daily social and political news?

Commercial and radio 3%

20% Public television and radio

50%

Online news sources (e.g. 27% newspapers, websites, blogs)

Major newspapers

42 From which source do you get most of your daily social and political news?

Age:60+ Age:18-29 2% 3% 4%

45% 42% 49% 41%

14%

Commercial television and radio Public television and radio Online news sources (e.g. newspapers, websites, blogs) Major newspapers 43 How often do you use social media as a source of daily news?

17%

42% 9%

32%

Every day Occasionally (once or twice per week) Rarely (once or twice per month) Never

44 Which specific media outlet do you trust the most for your news?

RTL Klub 44% M1/Duna/ 28% TV2 25% Hír TV 13% ATV 12% Origo 12% Index 10% 24.hu 6% HVG 6% Kossuth Rádió 5% 444.hu 4% Petőfi Rádió 4% Sláger FM 3% Rádio1 2% Figyelő 1% Magyar Idők 1% Magyar Nemzet 1% Heti Válasz 1% Other 1% 45 Thinking about the major broadcasters, newspapers, and similar media outlets, which statement below is closest to your opinion? 45% The major media is 39% professional and 40% unbiased, providing the 37% necessary basic 35% information I need to know 30% The major media tries to 25% 24% be professional and unbiased, but their worldview prevents 20% them from reporting the full picture of the stories 15%

10% The major media is not concerned with factual and correct reporting of 5% a story, but instead is focused on propagating a 0% narrative that serves some particular interest

46 Do you watch or read other media outlets that often have a different point of view than the major media outlets?

Every day

13% Occasionally (once or twice a week)

Rarely (once or twice a month) 22% 50% Never

15%

47 Can you please list specific media outlets that often have a different point of view than the major media outlets you are watching or reading? (Multiple answers; Respondents who watch or read alternative media outlets: n=504)

ATV 20% Hír TV 19% RTL Klub 18% TV2 10% M1/Duna 9% 444.hu 4% Origo 4% Echo TV 4% Index 3% 24.hu 2% HVG 2% Kuruc.info 2% BBC 1% Kossuth Rádió 1% Blikk 1% Napló 1% CNN 1% Heti válasz 1% Petofi Rádió 1% Hiradó 1% Other 11% DK/Refused 25% 48 Why do you think it is worthwhile to watch/read these alternative sources of news? (Respondents who watch or read alternative media outlets: n=504)

45% I read these media outlets to get all points of 42% view on a story, so I can make up my mind for myself. 40%

35% I read these media outlets because stories in these outlets are often more fun or exciting 30% than those in the major media.

25% 21% 22% I read these media outlets because the major 20% media outlets often do not report some stories at all, so I have to read alternate 15% sources to get the full picture of what is going 15% on.

10% I read these media outlets because major media outlets are biased and refuse to acknowledge simple truths; alternative 5% sources are willing to tell the truth.

0% 49 Some people say that these media outlets are funded by obscure sources related to Russia or the Russian government, and are engaged in efforts to mislead people. What is your response to this charge? (Respondents who watch or read alternative media outlets: n=504)

I don’t believe that Russians fund these media outlets – it sounds like a conspiracy theory coming from anti- Russian interests. 13% I don’t care if Russians fund these 27% media outlets – the main point is that they tell the truth.

24% I would be concerned if these media outlets were funded by the Russians, but I have seen no evidence that this is true.

36% I believe that the Russians or others are behind these media outlets, and that they are not always truthful; but I still read them because they are fun and interesting.

50 When a major international news story breaks, how do you generally get information about it? Who do you trust most to help you understand what is going on?

60% 55% I talk to my friends and colleagues, and read articles they forward me 50%

40% I watch mainstream television, read national 30% newspapers, or international major media 23% 22% 20%

I seek out expertise on the issue from outlets that have a 10% different point of view than the major media, including social media and various websites 0%

51 Let’s think about a particular major international news story that has developed over the last few years—the crisis in Ukraine. Can you tell me your approach to learning about the situation?

I was very interested in the developments, and sought out 14% information from as many sources as I could

I was somewhat interested in the developments, but I didn’t seek out information. I mainly watched what was 51% on TV or read what was available on the national media outlets

I wasn’t very interested, and rarely 35% watched or read anything about this

52 Let’s think about a particular major international news story that has developed over the last few years—the crisis in Ukraine. Can you tell me your approach to learning about the situation? Age:18-29 Age:60+

I was very interested in the developments, and sought 10% out information from as 29% many sources as I could

I was somewhat interested in the developments, but I didn’t seek out information. I mainly watched what was 38% on TV or read what was 56% available on the national media outlets

I wasn’t very interested, and rarely watched or read 52% 14% anything about this

53 As you heard about the crisis in Ukraine, which sources did you find the most helpful to understanding the developments?

50%

45% 44% Major media such as state television and national 40% newspapers

35% 33% Friends and family, who shared information and 30% debated the implications

25% Social media, with its 20% trending news stories and 17% 18% videos 15%

Other media outlets that 10% often have a different point of view than the major media 5%

0%

54 Demographics Demographics

80 71% 70 59% 60 53% 50 47% 40% 40

28% 30% 30% 29% 30 27% 26% 24% 19% 20 18%

10

0 60+ Male Rural 18-29 30-44 45-60 Urban Female Secondary Transdanubia Central Hungary Elementary or less or Elementary College or university Great Plain Northand GENDER AGE EDUCATION REGION TYPE 56 Demographics

60 54% 50 40% 40 30% 30 21% 20 16% 12% 10 5% 5% 5% 5% 3% 3% 3% 0% 1% 0 Other Jewish Refusal Retired Calvinist Lutheran Pupil/Student Self-employed denomination Orthodox Christian denomination Catholic) Currently unemployed Belong to other church, other to Belong Employed in public Employed in private Do not belong to any church, any to belong not Do company/enterprise/institution company/enterprise/institution Catholic (Roman Catholic or Greek OCCUPATION RELIGION 57 Center for Insights in Survey Research 202.408.9450 | [email protected] www.IRI.org | @IRI_Polls