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The Interaction Between an Introduced Fish Host and Local Parasite Fauna: Neogobius Kessleri in the Middle Danube River

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The Interaction Between an Introduced Fish Host and Local Parasite Fauna: Neogobius Kessleri in the Middle Danube River Parasitol Res (2009) 105:201–208 DOI 10.1007/s00436-009-1384-2 ORIGINAL PAPER The interaction between an introduced fish host and local parasite fauna: Neogobius kessleri in the middle Danube River Markéta Ondračková & Martina Dávidová & Radim Blažek & Milan Gelnar & Pavel Jurajda Received: 3 December 2008 /Accepted: 26 February 2009 /Published online: 14 March 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Parasite communities of introduced fish Neogobius Introduction kessleri Günther (Gobiidae) were studied at five localities in the Slovak section of the Danube River during 2002–2005. In recent decades, the introduction of Ponto-Caspian gobies Thirty-three metazoan parasite species were identified. All fish within Europe has been one of the most impressive fish were infected with at least two parasite species; most of the introductions ever witnessed. In the Danube River, four parasite species were generalists. At all sampling sites, high Ponto-Caspian gobies began to expand upstream of their susceptibility to local parasites was observed. The parasite previously native distributions: Bighead goby, Neogobius community was dominated by three parasite species: glochidia kessleri, round goby, Neogobius melanostomus,monkey of Anodonta anatina, larval or subadult acanthocephalan goby, Neogobius fluviatilis and racer goby, Neogobius Pomphorhynchus laevis, and larval nematode Raphidascaris gymnotrachelus all appeared in the middle Danube since acus. The infection of both A. anatina and P. laevis was the 1990s (Jurajda et al. 2005; Wiesner 2005). Bighead goby affected by season and habitat type, with higher abundance in was the first Neogobius species recorded in 1996 in the spring and more frequent occurrence of A. anatina in side Slovak section of the Danube River (Stráňai 1997), and until channels and P. laevis in main river channels. At both the 2004, this species had the widest density and distribution component and infracommunity levels, a more diverse among the four Neogobius species (Jurajda et al. 2005). parasite community was found in side channels. This habitat Aquatic introductions are known to be facilitated by a was dominated by actively transmitted parasites, whilst range of factors, including species-specific traits as well as by endoparasites were more abundant in fish from the main river human activities such as river regulation, the connection of channel. Larval stages of parasites dominated the endoparasite contiguous basins by canals or ballast transport (Grigorovich community at all sampling sites. The introduced N. kessleri et al. 2003). In general, most introductions are unsuccessful was used as intermediate host for most of the recorded and only a minority of introduced species establishes stable parasites, in some cases also as a paratenic host. Finally, the populations. Several life history traits have been associated importance of gobies as suitable hosts for local non-native with successful invaders, and the success of introduced parasite species (Anguillicoloides crassus, Anodonta woodina, species may be facilitated also by escapement from the Hydrozetes lacustris)isdiscussed. effects of natural predators and parasites (Torchin et al. 2003). According to the parasite/predator escape hypothesis, : M. Ondračková (*) P. Jurajda a host may profit from this favourable situation, attaining Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, v.v.i., higher population densities and greater individual sizes in the ě Kv tná 8, colonised areas as compared to conspecifics in their native 60365 Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected] range (Torchin et al. 2001). : : : In the present study, the parasite community structure of M. Ondračková M. Dávidová R. Blažek M. Gelnar the bighead goby is reported from five different sites in the Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Slovak section of the Danube River system where this Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, introduced fish species has reached high densities and is an 61137 Brno, Czech Republic important component of the local fish community (Jurajda 202 Parasitol Res (2009) 105:201–208 et al. 2005). Preliminary results demonstrated a relatively with the Danube River), the Old and New channels of the low parasite load in introduced populations compared to Danube River located near the Gabčíkovo dam (Fig. 1). native bighead goby populations. Despite the low parasite Side channels are separated from the main channel by the species richness in introduced populations, parasite com- semi-permeable structure composed of the large boulders munity structure of bighead goby indicated the possible with some concrete fillings and represent a habitat of importance of this fish species as the intermediate or backwater (minimum or no current). Main river channels paratenic host for several local parasites (Ondračková et represent a habitat of flowing water. The fish were sampled al. 2005). The importance of gobies as hosts and trans- in spring (April) and autumn (October) in the Bačianske mitters of different parasite species has already been side channel and in both New and Old channels of the described by Zander et al. (1993) in the Baltic Sea. Danube River. Only one sample was taken from Bodícke Therefore, this study focuses on the incorporation of a side channel (spring) and Váh River (autumn, see Table 1). new host into the local host–parasite system. Live fish were transported to a nearby field station near the village of Gabčíkovo. In the laboratory, all fish were measured (SL - standard length, to the nearest millimetre) Materials and methods and examined under binocular microscope for the presence of metazoan parasites according to standard protocols. During 2002–2005, eight fish samples comprising 261 Collected parasites were preserved in either 4% formalde- specimens of N. kessleri were collected by electrofishing hyde (Acanthocephala, Digenea, Cestoda, Bivalvia, Crus- from five locations in the Slovak section of the Danube tacea, Acarina) in a mixture of ammonium picrate and River representing two habitat types: (1) side channels, sites glycerine (Monogenea) or in a mixture of glycerine and named as Bačianske and Bodícke and (2) main river alcohol (Nematoda). Parasites were examined using a light channels, sites named as Váh River (near the confluence microscope (Olympus BX 50) equipped with phase Bratislava Slovakia Austria Hungary RomaniaRomania Lit Da tle Croatia nube Da Ri nu ver be Samorš n Serbia Bulgaria (1) DunajskáDunajsk Streda Hungary (4) Gabc kovo ovo Kolárovo (5) VelkVelky Meder eder Slovakia (2) V‡h (3) Danube Komárno Fig. 1 Map of the study area. 1 Danube River—New channel, 2 Danube River—Old channel, 3 Váh River, 4 Bodícke side channel, 5 Bačianske side channel Parasitol Res (2009) 105:201–208 203 Table 1 Number of examined fish, standard length (mean, SD, min–max), total prevalence, abundance and mean intensity of parasite infection, component community and mean infracommunity richness and association of fish length (SL) and intensity of parasite infection Danube River—New Danube River—Old Váh River Bodícke side Bačianske side channel channel channel channel Spring Autumn Spring Autumn Autumn Spring Spring Autumn N 32 36 20 47 31 17 43 35 SL (mm); mean ± SD 112.7±7.9 101.8±12.5 107.3±21.8 88.0±19.1 101.4±6.7 94.5±30.2 88.0±20.9 88.2±23.5 SL (mm); min–max 89–126 64–120 58–131 46–119 88–114 48–140 57–136 53–140 Total prevalence 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total abundance 1,703 972 1,572 3,471 3,912 3,248 4,516 1,373 Mean intensity 53.2 27.0 78.6 72.3 126.2 191.1 105.0 39.2 Intensity range (min–max) 23–194 4–127 20–210 3–183 39–234 7–1036 13–610 7–139 Component community richness 12 11 17 15 12 18 23 18 Mean infracommunity 5.4 (3–9) 3.5 (2–7) 5.5 (3–8) 4.1 (2–7) 3.5 (2–6) 5.2 (2–9) 5.2 (2–9) 4.9 (2–9) richness (min–max) Association of SL and 0.52* 0.17 0.19 0.83** 0.34 0.72* 0.30 0.51* intensity of infection a Association of SL and 0.46* 0.08 0.04 0.55** −0.15 0.78** 0.17 0.67** infracommunity richness a *p<0.01, **p<0.001 a Values represent correlation coefficients of the Pearson correlation test, asterisks indicate the p values contrast, differential interference contrast (DIC according to dance data were log(x+1)-transformed and all percentage Nomarski), measured using Image Analysis Systems (Lucia data (proportion of larval parasites in the infracommunity) 5.0) and identified according to Yamaguti (1971), Gussev were arcsin(x)-transformed. Non-parametric tests were used (1985), Bauer (1987), Moravec (1994) and Niewiadomska when data were not normally distributed after transforma- (2003). tion. The relationship between parasite abundance and fish Parasite community composition was tested for associ- length (SL) was tested via Pearson correlations. The ation with habitat type (pooled data for side channels and Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used to compare parasite main river channels) and season (spring and autumn). abundances or species richness within infra-communities Autogenic/allogenic species were characterised according (ecto- vs. endoparasites, larval vs. adult parasites, actively to Esch and Fernández (1993). Regarding the mode of vs. passively transmitted parasites, autogenic vs. allogenic transmission, parasite species were separated into two parasites). Analysis of covariance (with fish length as a groups: passively transmitted parasites, achieved by the covariate) was used to compare parasite abundance among host via ingestion (most of the endoparasites), and actively the fish samples tested. General linear models factorial transmitted parasites, which either penetrate the fish host analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for analysis of the (larval digenean) or attach the surface of fish host effect of habitat and season as categorical variable and fish (ectoparasites). Furthermore, we classified endoparasites standard length as continuous variable on abundance of in respect to their maturity stage, as larval or adult parasites.
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