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Infrastructure 2014 London THE STATE OF THE NATION BRIEFING LONDON INFRASTRUCTURE THE 2014 STATE OF THE This report provides government and industry with an NATION independent appraisal of the state of the capital’s waste, water, Infrastructure 2014 energy and transport infrastructure, and recommendations for priority actions ahead of the next general election. London is the fastest growing region in the UK. London’s politicians must provide clear statements UK OVERVIEW Infrastructure is vital to society – our quality Its population is forecast to reach 10 million in on strategic direction, backed by supportive policy of life depends on it functioning effectively the early 2030s, while employment is expected to and regulatory frameworks. With lengthy lead 1 and our reliance becomes painfully evident grow between now and 2031. times for new and upgraded infrastructure, there when infrastructure systems fail. is a strong justification for concerted action by This scale of population growth combined with government and industry now. The UK’s ability to compete in the global extra jobs being created, requires a long-term race and to generate and sustain economic commitment to invest in, and improve London’s growth with appropriate quality of life infrastructure in a sustainable way. depends on infrastructure networks that provide predictable energy generation and distribution, water supply, waste management and the transportation of people and essential goods into and around the UK by rail, road, sea and air. State of the Nation is ICE’s flagship report on the current state of the UK’s infrastructure. The 2014 State of the Nation Infrastructure report assesses the performance, capacity and condition of the UK’s economic infrastructure networks, and determines the actions required in order to improve and enhance performance, and importantly, to ensure that our infrastructure is resilient when faced with the many challenges ahead – from climate change to population growth. Tottenham Court Road Station Upgrade Programme ICE London Civil Engineering Award Winner 2013 1. GLA 2013 Population and Household Projections THE STATE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE NATION 2014 01 WASTE Additionally, the strategy aims to increase GraDE LONDON WASTE AND RESOURCE London’s household recycling and composting performance to at least 45% of waste by 2015, MANAGEMENT - 50% by 2020 and 60% by 2031.4 In terms of Since 2010, significant new municipal waste B the recycling of household waste, London is well infrastructure has been delivered or contracted and WASTE below the national average of 43% with 34%, fit for purpose waste treatment, and disposal services the lowest rate of all of the regions.5 In common RecoMMenDations are being provided. However, a major challenge with the rest of England, this past year recycling remains in securing adequate infrastructure within The Mayor should develop a circular economy rates across the capital have levelled off, with 15 roadmap for London setting out the GLA’s London for non-municipal solid waste streams. boroughs recycling less than they did last year and approach to unlocking value from waste. six staying the same.6 To date, little progress is being made in the shift Improved integration of collection, treatment from waste disposal to resource management, and reprocessing infrastructure is needed The big challenges for London’s municipal waste to realise economies of scale and reduce hindering the social, environmental and economic recycling services are the transient population, low overheads. benefits that can be gained from London’s waste levels of owner occupation and language barriers. infrastructure. The Mayor should work with the Environment To improve recycling and reduce waste, individuals Agency, Defra and BIS to collect and publish need to change. To achieve this, community annual non-municipal waste data. ICE London calls for a to shift to a ‘circular outreach is crucial. However this type of work is economy’ in which the waste and resources sector particularly vulnerable to municipal budget cuts. continues to evolve from a disposal industry into a on the potential resources that are available, sector which collects surplus materials and reuses, There is also scope for greater co-operation reusing and recycling as much as possible, and repairs and remanufactures them into commercial between boroughs. Currently there are multiple retaining their value in the economy.8 The Mayor’s quality products. waste collection and management systems across Business Waste Strategy set useful targets for this London. Boroughs will get a better price, as well sector’s waste; however, unlike the municipal waste MUNICIPAL WASTE as become more efficient, by working together. sector, there is very limited data available for the The Mayor’s Municipal Waste Management The Mayor of London estimates that about £90 commercial, industrial and construction sectors. Strategy (2011) set ambitious targets for London’s million a year could be saved if municipal waste Some parts of this sector, such as construction, are waste and recycling sector including sending was managed at optimum efficiency levels.7 performing very well, but this success needs to be zero waste to landfill by 2025. Currently 25% confirmed with quality data. of London’s municipal waste goes to landfill.2 The strategy also aims to reduce the amount of COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL & household waste by 20% per household. Since CONSTRUCTION WASTE 2008/2009 there has been an 11% reduction of With 80% of London’s total waste coming from household waste across London.3 business sectors, it is imperative that we capitalise Closed Loop Recycling, Dagenham 2. London Assembly Environment Committee Meeting Transcript: Waste and Recycling in London, 27 November 2013. THE STATE INFRASTRUCTURE 3. Defra, ENV18 - Local authority collected waste: annual results tables, May 2014 4. Appendix 3, The Mayor’s municipal waste management OF THE NATION 2014 02 strategy, November 2011. 5. London Councils: Waste management in London - Key challenges 6. GLA Household Waste Recycling Rates - Borough, November 2013 7. London’s wasted resource: The Mayor’s municipal waste management strategy, November 2011. 8. Making business sense of waste: The Mayor’s business waste strategy for London, November 2011. Bankside Substation Modernisation ICE London Civil Engineering Awards Winner 2013 ENERGY foreseeable future, more can be done to increase GraDE its own generation capacity, enhancing energy ENERGY IN LONDON efficiency and contributing to the overall UK As with the rest of the UK, London must overcome - energy challenge. the ‘trilemma’ of security of supply, low carbon C targets and affordability. While much of the policy ENERGY The Mayor of London has set a target for 25% framework and powers are controlled nationally, of London’s energy supply to be decentralized by RecoMMenDations rather than at city level, there are important steps 2025, much of which will be delivered through that London can take to improve its own situation, London’s energy mix must be secure, heat networks. It remains to be seen if London will sustainable and affordable. and to help the rest of the UK. meet this target, as it is currently not on track to Continue to develop strategies for the long- meet the interim target of 1,892 gigawatts from London needs sufficient, affordable, secure, term development and decarbonisation of decentralised energy.12 London’s energy supply and use. resilient and decarbonised power supply systems with strategically planned long-term capability Develop a strong package of measures to London will be the first public authority in the and capacity. These systems include the sourcing encourage the commercial sector to reduce country to receive a brand new type of ‘junior’ 2 of energy, the generation of electricity, the CO emissions. electricity licence, and aims to be buying and distribution networks and demand management, selling power by early 2015. This move will permit both domestic and commercial. the Mayor to offer the capital’s small electricity ICE London welcomes the recent launch of a producers up to 30% more for their excess energy DEMAND MANAGEMENT heat network at South East London Combined than existing suppliers do, which will then be The Mayor aims to cut London’s CO emissions Heat and Power (SELCHP), as well as the Bunhill 2 sold on to Transport for London, the Metropolitan by 60% from 1990 levels by 2025 and 80% by development in Clerkenwell and Islington, which Police Service and others at cost price. 2050.9 To meet these targets, the Mayor launched has 850 homes plugged into the heat network a number of initiatives in 2011 to reduce carbon there. The second phase of the Bunhill scheme is ICE London calls on the Mayor to continue to emissions including: designed to capture low-grade heat from a London develop strategies to facilitate the long-term Underground ventilation shaft and UK Power n RE:NEW – retrofitting homes in London with development and decarbonisation of London’s Networks substation. This is a practical example of energy efficiency measures energy supply, including facilitating the transition the potential for London to heat itself using waste n RE:FIT – retrofitting public sector buildings in from local heat networks using gas-fired combined and low-grade heat, demonstrated in the Greater London heat and power to larger scale district heating London Authority’s Secondary Heat – London’s n RE:CONNECT – creating ten low carbon zones schemes capable of integrating alternative and Zero Carbon Energy Resource.13 multiple low carbon fuel and heat sources. in London aiming to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% by 2020. The efficiency of London’s homes and buildings needs to be improved. Domestic properties account for 36% of London’s carbon emissions. The Mayor’s RE:NEW initiative aims to retrofit 1.2 million homes with energy efficiency measures by 2015. To date it has retrofitted 100,000 homes and a further 400,000 homes have been retrofitted throughout London through the wider market during the same time period.10 Ground-based transport accounts for some 22% 11 of London’s CO2 emissions.
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