Stark Realities of End Zone
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Cardinal Scholar Stark Realities of End Zone An Honors Thesis (HONRS 499) by Ryan K. Hilton Patti White, Ph.D. Ball State University Muncie, Indiana Submitted: April 1996 Graduation: May 1996 LV ~)lr~" ? • 7.:,'f : :"t~ .455 - We are speaking on this occaSIOn, not as members of this or that nation, continent, or creed, but as human beings, members of the species man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts, and overshadowing all conflicts is the titanic struggle between communism and anti-communism. Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings about these issues. But we want you, if you can, to set aside such feelings and consider yourselves only as members of a biological species which has had a remarkable history, and whose disappearance none of us can desire. We shall try to say no single word which shall appeal to one group rather than to another. All, equally, are in peril, and if the peril is understood there is hope that we may collectively avert it. --Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein September 1955 - %esis Statement End Zone (1972), by Don DeLillo, is about nuclear war and college football; here, metaphor is used to show the interchangeability between the two. Gary Harkness is the narrator, a man obsessed with nuclear war. Preparation and escalation are key concepts used to describe the winning season Harkness and his teammates are having at Logos College in Texas, until they lose the "big game." Then a sense of the unspeakable permeates Logos, as no one wants to discuss the results of the game. DeLillo brilliantly conceals the fact that the United States has entered a nuclear war. Metaphor becomes literal after physical signs of nuclear blast and fallout become apparent. My purpose is to explain many of the physical signs--disguised and blatant- that the unspeakable has occurred. Events suggesting that thermonuclear war has occurred include: refugees, a blasted landscape, the walking wounded, war games, hair loss, suicide, and refugees. - Start~a[ities of 'EndZone That's it, the Zone! And immediately such a chill over my skin... Every time it's that chill, and even now I still don't know if that's how the Zone receives me or if it's the Stalker's little nerves playing tricks. --Iurii Shcherbak (Chernobyi) End Zone (1972), by Don DeLillo, is about college football and nuclear war. Gary Harkness, the narrator of the novel, is fascinated by nuclear war. Since he is a football player, he is also fascinated by football. And in the words of Coach Emmett Creed, the entire football team at Logos College lives for football: "It's only a game, but it's the only game" (15). But Harkness's fascination with nuclear war is hauntingly abnormal. He not only associates nuclear war with football, but with everyday life. From the start, Harkness wastes no time in providing the details of his football history. He has true ability as a halfback, since he attests that he won all state honors at that position and received 28 athletic scholarship offers from colleges around the country. He accepted a scholarship at Syracuse University, but reveals he was thrown out: They threw me out when I barricaded myself in my room with two packages of Oreo cookies and a girl named Lippy Margolis ... For a day and a night we read to each other from a textbook on economics. She seemed calmed by the incoherent doctrines set forth on those pages. (18) Other schools accepted Harkness, but he simply did not fit into their programs. He finally settles at Logos where he "like[s] the idea of losing [himself] in an obscure part of the world." He discovers that his life means "nothing without Hilton--2 football" (22). As the book opens, the Logos football team has gathered for practice two weeks before school begins. No one else is at the small Texas campus. The desert sun and grueling practices take a toll on all the players, but the isolation bothers Harkness the most. /lOf all the aspects of exile, silence pleased me the least" (30). He further expounds on silence and exile: Exile in a real place, a place of few bodies and many stones, is just an extension (a packaging) of the other exile, the state of being separated from whatever is left of the center of one's own history. (31) One way that Harkness and the players deal with the silence and isolation is by playing /lBang, You're Dead," the game every juvenile has played in which the player's hand assumes the shape of a crude pistol and fires at other players. The Logos football teams enjoys this game because /lit [brings] men closer together through their perversity and fear, because it enable[s] [them] to pretend that death could be a tender experience, and because it [breaches] the long silence" (34). Part One WHEN THE GOING GETS TOUGH THE TOUGH GET GOING (17) The first page of the first chapter piques the reader's interest: Harkness mentions there were /lintonations to that year... " (3), but he never defines those intonations. Harkness is evasive and speaks of metaphor. He hints at an impending doom or sense of failure: he implies that something will go amiss in the story. For example, Harkness foreshadows the fall of Taft Robinson, the star running back: - In time he might have turned up on television screens across the land Hilton--3 endorsing eight-thousand-dollar automobiles or avocado-flavored instant shave ... But this doesn't happen to be it. There were other intonations to that year, for me at least, the phenomenon of anti applause--words broken into brute sound, a consequent silence of metallic texture .... (3) Much later in the book, Harkness tells us that Robinson eventually drops off the team, shaves his head, and begins wearing dark sunglasses. But Harkness never tells us why the star running back at Logos College in west Texas changes, and never asks Robinson about his drastic changes, nor does Harkness--who is usually ruminative--speculate. Furthermore, Robinson does not speak of his changes. In Part One, End Zone focuses on the football practices at Logos College and on the conversations among the players, coaches, and professors. The reader sees the preparation, repetition, and anguish involved in trying to perfect the team. Harkness sums up Part One concisely in his narrative, naming four aspects of football and the practices associated with it: "(1) A team sport. (2) The need to sacrifice. (3) Preparation for the future. (4) Microcosm for life" (19). These are also aspects of thermonuclear war. Fighting a war is a team effort by the armed forces; a great deal of preparation and sacrifice are essential. Clearly, football is a microcosm for life--or more precisely, football is a metaphor for the currently escalating nuclear confrontation in Harkness's world. Part One could easily be subtitled "Preparation." Logos practices in the unbearable heat and deftly defeats inferior opposing teams, while Harkness carries on strange, elusive conversations with his teammates. Just as Logos must prepare for the "big game," so must the United States prepare for nuclear war with a foreign country. For instance, Harkness reveals that before leaving for Logos College, he - Hilton--4 noticed something of military significance in his home town: In late spring, a word appeared all over town. MILITARIZE. The word was printed on cardboard placards that stood in shop windows. It was scrawled on fences. It was handwritten on loose-leaf paper taped to the windshields of cars. It appeared on bumper stickers and signboards. (20) As the book progresses, particularly after the big game, the reader sees that Harkness is not simply comparing football and nuclear war. In actuality, he is cloaking a nuclear war crisis beneath an lIall-important" college football game, or the IIbig game." Unfortunately, the nuclear big game is a reality in which people take their lives, or become deathly ill, while others flee the consequences. The horror is unspeakable; therefore, football is the only thing left for Harkness and the players at Logos College to speak about. Despite the fact that little attention is paid to the small games (or skirmishes) Logos plays in Part One, Harkness reveals that the Logos College football team enjoys a winning season playing mediocre teams. Before the team's biggest game, which is narrated in painstaking detail, Logos has IIscored 246 points and given up 41" (95). Obviously, Logos has a good team, but Harkness informs us that the team faces a game IIthat [will] make or break the season" (95). Since football constitutes the teammates' lives, the big game will yield splendid results if they are to win, and dire, lasting consequences if they are to lose. The big game is against West Centrex Biotechnical Institute. The name of Logos's nemesis--West Centrex Biotechnical Institute--is unlike the names of schools that have football programs. For one thing, the name is - devoid of life, implying a robot-like student body and football team. Further, the Hilton--5 name conceals the word centre in "Centrex," intimating its centrality of the book. "Biotechnical" is somewhat of a paradox: bio means "life"; technical, "mechanical" or "automated." Further, Centrex is not a college or a university; instead, Centrex is an Institute, a sterile and brutal world. The nature of the opponent is unknown, wicked, and subhuman: This is a bunch of head-hunters. They like to hit. They have definite sadistic tendencies ...