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The Architecture of Platforms: a Unified View Working Paper
The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View Carliss Y. Baldwin C. Jason Woodard Working Paper 09-034 Copyright © 2008 by Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View Carliss Y. Baldwin* C. Jason Woodard† *corresponding author: Harvard Business School Boston, MA, 02163 [email protected] † Singapore Management University [email protected] Copyright © Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard, 2008 2 The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard Abstract The central role of “platform” products and services in mediating the activities of disaggregated “clusters” or “ecosystems” of firms has been widely recognized. But platforms and the systems in which they are embedded are very diverse. In particular, platforms may exist within firms as product lines, across firms as multi-product systems, and in the form of multi-sided markets. In this paper we argue that there is a fundamental unity in the architecture of platforms. Platform architectures are modularizations of complex systems in which certain components (the platform itself) remain stable, while others (the complements) are encouraged to vary in cross- section or over time. Among the most stable elements in a platform architecture are the modular interfaces that mediate between the platform and its complements. These interfaces are even more stable than the interior core of the platform, thus control over the interfaces amounts to control over the platform and its evolution. -
Locating Your Computer's Specifications
Home Designer® Software by Chief Architect® (https://www.homedesignersoftware.com /) Locating Your Computer's Specications Reference Number: KB-03129 Last Modified: July 30, 2021 The information in this article applies to: QUESTION How can I check my computer's specications to see if it meets the system requirements for my Chief Architect (https://www.chiefarchitect.com/products/sysreq.html) or Home Designer (https://www.homedesignersoftware.com/products/system-requirements.html) product? ANSWER If you're using a Windows based computer, you can use the DirectX Diagnostic Tool to nd your computer's specications, including the operating system version that is currently installed. If you're using an Apple macOS system, access the 'About This Mac' section to locate this information. Microsoft Windows Apple macOS To nd your computer's specications on a Microsoft Windows system 1. Press the following keys on your keyboard at the same time: Windows + R. 2. In the Run dialog that appears, type: dxdiag , then click OK. Additionally, you can type dxdiag in Windows Search. For more information on accessing this utility in this manner, please see the following Microsoft resource: Open and run Diagram.exe (https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4028644/windows-open-and-run-dxdiagexe) 3. The DirectX Diagnostic Tool dialog will appear. On the SYSTEM tab, the Operating System, System Manufacturer, System Model, Processor, and Memory will be listed. 4. On the DISPLAY tab(s), the graphics card that is in use will display under the Device section, while the driver information will appear under the Drivers section on the right. -
Expert Python Programming Third Edition
Expert Python Programming Third Edition Become a master in Python by learning coding best practices and advanced programming concepts in Python 3.7 Michał Jaworski Tarek Ziadé BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI Expert Python Programming Third Edition Copyright © 2019 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Commissioning Editor: Kunal Chaudhari Acquisition Editor: Chaitanya Nair Content Development Editor: Zeeyan Pinheiro Technical Editor: Ketan Kamble Copy Editor: Safis Editing Project Coordinator: Vaidehi Sawant Proofreader: Safis Editing Indexer: Priyanka Dhadke Graphics: Alishon Mendonsa Production Coordinator: Shraddha Falebhai First published: September 2008 Second edition: May 2016 Third edition: April 2019 Production reference: 1270419 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78980-889-6 www.packtpub.com To my beloved wife, Oliwia, for her love, inspiration, and her endless patience. -
Op E N So U R C E Yea R B O O K 2 0
OPEN SOURCE YEARBOOK 2016 ..... ........ .... ... .. .... .. .. ... .. OPENSOURCE.COM Opensource.com publishes stories about creating, adopting, and sharing open source solutions. Visit Opensource.com to learn more about how the open source way is improving technologies, education, business, government, health, law, entertainment, humanitarian efforts, and more. Submit a story idea: https://opensource.com/story Email us: [email protected] Chat with us in Freenode IRC: #opensource.com . OPEN SOURCE YEARBOOK 2016 . OPENSOURCE.COM 3 ...... ........ .. .. .. ... .... AUTOGRAPHS . ... .. .... .. .. ... .. ........ ...... ........ .. .. .. ... .... AUTOGRAPHS . ... .. .... .. .. ... .. ........ OPENSOURCE.COM...... ........ .. .. .. ... .... ........ WRITE FOR US ..... .. .. .. ... .... 7 big reasons to contribute to Opensource.com: Career benefits: “I probably would not have gotten my most recent job if it had not been for my articles on 1 Opensource.com.” Raise awareness: “The platform and publicity that is available through Opensource.com is extremely 2 valuable.” Grow your network: “I met a lot of interesting people after that, boosted my blog stats immediately, and 3 even got some business offers!” Contribute back to open source communities: “Writing for Opensource.com has allowed me to give 4 back to a community of users and developers from whom I have truly benefited for many years.” Receive free, professional editing services: “The team helps me, through feedback, on improving my 5 writing skills.” We’re loveable: “I love the Opensource.com team. I have known some of them for years and they are 6 good people.” 7 Writing for us is easy: “I couldn't have been more pleased with my writing experience.” Email us to learn more or to share your feedback about writing for us: https://opensource.com/story Visit our Participate page to more about joining in the Opensource.com community: https://opensource.com/participate Find our editorial team, moderators, authors, and readers on Freenode IRC at #opensource.com: https://opensource.com/irc . -
The PLT Course at Columbia
Alfred V. Aho [email protected] The PLT Course at Columbia Guest Lecture PLT September 10, 2014 Outline • Course objectives • Language issues • Compiler issues • Team issues Course Objectives • Developing an appreciation for the critical role of software in today’s world • Discovering the principles underlying the design of modern programming languages • Mastering the fundamentals of compilers • Experiencing an in-depth capstone project combining language design and translator implementation Plus Learning Three Vital Skills for Life Project management Teamwork Communication both oral and written The Importance of Software in Today’s World How much software does the world use today? Guesstimate: around one trillion lines of source code What is the sunk cost of the legacy software base? $100 per line of finished, tested source code How many bugs are there in the legacy base? 10 to 10,000 defects per million lines of source code Alfred V. Aho Software and the Future of Programming Languages Science, v. 303, n. 5662, 27 February 2004, pp. 1331-1333 Why Take Programming Languages and Compilers? To discover the marriage of theory and practice To develop computational thinking skills To exercise creativity To reinforce robust software development practices To sharpen your project management, teamwork and communication (both oral and written) skills Why Take PLT? To discover the beautiful marriage of theory and practice in compiler design “Theory and practice are not mutually exclusive; they are intimately connected. They live together and support each other.” [D. E. Knuth, 1989] Theory in practice: regular expression pattern matching in Perl, Python, Ruby vs. AWK Running time to check whether a?nan matches an regular expression and text size n Russ Cox, Regular expression matching can be simple and fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, ...) [http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html, 2007] Computational Thinking – Jeannette Wing Computational thinking is a fundamental skill for everyone, not just for computer scientists. -
Python Programming (13A05806)
13A05806 Python Programming DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PYTHON PROGRAMMING (13A05806) YEAR / SEM: IV / II PREPARED BY: Mr. P. Rama Rao Department of CSE-GPCET 13A05806 Python Programming (13A05806) PYTHON PROGRAMMING UNIT – I: Introduction:History of Python, Need of Python Programming, Applications Basics of Python Programming Using the REPL(Shell), Running Python Scripts, Variables, Assignment, Keywords, Input-Output, Indentation. Types - Integers, Strings, Booleans; UNIT – II: Operators and Expressions: Operators- Arithmetic Operators, Comparison (Relational) Operators, Assignment Operators, Logical Operators, Bitwise Operators, Membership Operators, Identity Operators, Expressions and order of evaluations. Data Structures Lists - Operations, Slicing, Methods; Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries, Sequences. Comprehensions. UNIT – III: Control Flow - if, if-elif-else, for, while, break, continue, pass Functions - Defining Functions, Calling Functions, Passing Arguments, Keyword Arguments, Default Arguments, Variable-length arguments, Anonymous Functions, Fruitful Functions(Function Returning Values), Scope of the Variables in a Function - Global and Local Variables. UNIT – IV: Modules: Creating modules, import statement, from ..import statement, name spacing, Python packages, Introduction to PIP, Installing Packages via PIP, Using Python Packages Error and Exceptions: Difference between an error and Exception, Handling Exception, try except block, Raising Exceptions, User Defined Exceptions . Object Oriented Programming OOP in Python: Classes, 'self variable', Methods, Constructor Method, Inheritance, Overriding Methods, Data Hiding, UNIT – V: Brief Tour of the Standard Library - Operating System Interface - String Pattern Matching, Mathematics, Internet Access, Dates and Times, Data Compression, Multi Threading, GUI Programming, Turtle Graphics. Testing: Why testing is required ?, Basic concepts of testing, Unit testing in Python, Writing Test cases, Running Tests. TEXT BOOKS 1. Python Programming: A Modern Approach, Vamsi Kurama, Pearson 2. -
Cloud Computing Simplified: the Thoughts on Cloud Way
Front cover Cloud Computing Simplified: The Thoughts on Cloud Way A selection of posts published on the IBM Thoughts on Cloud blog IBM Thoughts on Cloud bloggers team RedBlook Abstract This IBM® RedBlook™ publication is a collection of selected posts published on the IBM Thoughts on Cloud (http://thoughtsoncloud.com) blog. Thoughts on Cloud is IBM’s official cloud blog, contributed by hundreds of cloud computing specialists worldwide from IBM and IBM Business Partners. Most of the authors have hands-on experience implementing cloud solutions for various industries. The goal of the blog is to provide readers with a forum to discuss and debate various cloud computing topics. Starting with the basic building blocks of cloud computing, we cover a wide range of cloud topics in this book. We do not go into details of specific cloud products on the market, so this book serves as a cloud primer for readers who are new to this exciting technology. If you are already familiar with the fundamentals of cloud computing and would like to explore more advanced cloud topics, you can still benefit from this book. Each section is independent of the others, so it is OK to skip the sections you are familiar with and go directly to the section you’d like to read first. This book has the following sections. After reading this book, you will have a good understanding of all these concepts. Fundamentals of cloud computing The promise of cloud: How cloud is reshaping our world Cloud taxonomy: Deployment and service models Going deeper into the cloud: Cloud computing internals, dynamic clouds and composable business Cloud and your career Considerations for moving to cloud Cloud and friends: DevOps, mobile, big data, patterns, software-defined environments, software-defined networking and Internet of Things A brief look at the Cloud Open Standards and IBM Cloud Offerings What lies ahead for the future of cloud? © Copyright IBM Corp. -
Python Libraries.Pdf
Astronomy ESFRI & Research Infrastructure Cluster ASTERICS - 653477 2nd ASTERICS-OBELICS International School 4-8 June 2018, Annecy, France. H2020-Astronomy ESFRI and Research Infrastructure Cluster (Grant Agreement number: 653477). ASTERICS-OBELICS School 2018 / Annecy PYTHON LIBRARIES Tamás Gál [email protected] https:/github.com/tamasgal @tamasgal OVERVIEW • Who is this clown? • Python Introduction • Basic Python Internals • Libraries and Tools for Scientific Computing • NumPy • Numba Make it faster! • NumExpr } • SciPy • AstroPy • Pandas • SymPy Tools for scientists! • Matplotlib • Jupyter } • IPython WHO IS THIS CLOWN? • Tamás Gál, born 1985 in Debrecen (Hungary) • PhD candidate in astro particle physics at Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP) working on the KM3NeT project • Programming background: • Coding enthusiast since ~1993 • First real application written in Amiga Basic (toilet manager, tons of GOTOs ;) • Python, Julia, JavaScript and C/C+/Obj-C for work • Haskell for fun • Earlier also Java, Perl, PHP, Delphi, MATLAB, whatsoever… • I also like playing around with integrated circuits and Arduino • Some related projects: KM3Pipe (analysis framework in the KM3NeT experiment), RainbowAlga (interactive 3D neutrino event display), ROyWeb (interactive realtime visualisation/graphing) 4 PYTHON BRIEF HISTORY OF PYTHON • Rough idea in the late 1980s • Meant to descend the ABC language • First line of code in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum • Python 2.0 in October 2000 • Python 3.0 in December 2008 6 PYTHONS POPULARITY “Programming language of the year” in 2007 and 2010. 7 POPULAR LANGUAGES (MAY 2017) Python is the fourth most popular language and rocks the top 10 since 2003. 8 POPULAR LANGUAGES (MAY 2018) May 2017 Python is still the fourth most popular language and rocks the top 10 since 2003. -
Code Engineering Using UML Models
Code Engineering Using UML Models Enterprise Architect is an intuitive, flexible and powerful UML analysis and design tool for building robust and maintainable software. This booklet describes the code engineering facilities of Enterprise Architect. Copyright © 1998-2010 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Enterprise Architect - Code Engineering Using UML Models © 1998-2010 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the publisher. Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and/or registered trademarks of the respective owners. The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document. Printed: May 2010 Special thanks to: Publisher All the people who have contributed suggestions, examples, bug Sparx Systems reports and assistance in the development of Enterprise Architect. The task of developing and maintaining this tool has been greatly Managing Editor enhanced by their contribution. Geoffrey Sparks Technical Editors Geoffrey Sparks Simon McNeilly Vimal Kumar Henk Dekker Contents I Table of Contents Foreword 1 Code Engineering 2 Reverse Engineering.................................................................................................................................. -
Top 7 Programming Languages Infographic
Top 7 Programming Languages l l l l l l l 1. Python 2. SQL 3. Java 4. JavaScript 5. C++ 6. PHP 7. R OVERVIEW: Python is an OVERVIEW: SQL (Structured OVERVIEW: The Java OVERVIEW: The JavaScript OVERVIEW: C++ programming OVERVIEW: PHP (Hypertext OVERVIEW: R Programming open-source and versatile Query Language) is used to programming language lies programming language allows language is intended to develop Preprocessor) is an open-source is an open-source scripting language popular among new extract and organize data within at the core of many large-scale users to create engaging, inter- operating systems, browsers, server-side scripting language language for statistical data programmers. It is concise, easy a relational database manage- business applications. Java is active, and dynamic web pages. and game development. used for web development. For manipulation and analysis. to read, and useful for various ment system. SQL can perform useful for programming a wide Many of the popular sites you instance, PHP can be used to Often used by analysts, industry needs, including web tasks such as inserting new variety of portable electronics, are already using rely on develop static websites, dynamic researchers, and business development, data analytics, data in a database, modifying, from smartphones to embedded JavaScript to run their web websites, or web applications. sectors in banking, finance, and software development. updating, or retrieving data. systems, in a rapidly expanding pages. and e-commerce. number of consumer products. CAREERS: Software Developer, CAREERS: Business Analyst, CAREERS: Programmer, IT CAREERS: Front-End Web CAREERS: Junior Programmer, CAREERS: PHP Developer, Web CAREERS: R Programmer, Python Developer, Quality Software Engineer, SQL Manager, Software Developer, Development, Full-Stack Web Software Developer, Database Developer, Full Stack Developer, Data Analyst, Data Architect, Assurance Engineer, Engineer, Developer, Data Analyst, and Full Stack Web Developer. -
Comparative Studies of Six Programming Languages
Comparative Studies of Six Programming Languages Zakaria Alomari Oualid El Halimi Kaushik Sivaprasad Chitrang Pandit Concordia University Concordia University Concordia University Concordia University Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Comparison of programming languages is a common topic of discussion among software engineers. Multiple programming languages are designed, specified, and implemented every year in order to keep up with the changing programming paradigms, hardware evolution, etc. In this paper we present a comparative study between six programming languages: C++, PHP, C#, Java, Python, VB ; These languages are compared under the characteristics of reusability, reliability, portability, availability of compilers and tools, readability, efficiency, familiarity and expressiveness. 1. Introduction: Programming languages are fascinating and interesting field of study. Computer scientists tend to create new programming language. Thousand different languages have been created in the last few years. Some languages enjoy wide popularity and others introduce new features. Each language has its advantages and drawbacks. The present work provides a comparison of various properties, paradigms, and features used by a couple of popular programming languages: C++, PHP, C#, Java, Python, VB. With these variety of languages and their widespread use, software designer and programmers should to be aware -
Patterns: Model-Driven Development Using IBM Rational Software Architect
Front cover Patterns: Model-Driven Development Using IBM Rational Software Architect Learn how to automate pattern-driven development Build a model-driven development framework Follow a service-oriented architecture case study Peter Swithinbank Mandy Chessell Tracy Gardner Catherine Griffin Jessica Man Helen Wylie Larry Yusuf ibm.com/redbooks International Technical Support Organization Patterns: Model-Driven Development Using IBM Rational Software Architect December 2005 SG24-7105-00 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page ix. First Edition (December 2005) This edition applies to Version 6.0.0.1 of Rational Software Architect (product number 5724-I70). © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2005. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . ix Trademarks . x Preface . xi For solution architects . xi For project planners or project managers . xii For those working on a project that uses model-driven development . xii How this book is organized . xiii The team that wrote this redbook. xiv Become a published author . xv Comments welcome. xvi Part 1. Approach . 1 Chapter 1. Overview and concepts of model-driven development. 3 1.1 Current business environment and drivers . 4 1.2 A model-driven approach to software development . 5 1.2.1 Models as sketches and blueprints . 6 1.2.2 Precise models enable automation . 6 1.2.3 The role of patterns in model-driven development . 7 1.2.4 Not just code . 7 1.3 Benefits of model-driven development .