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NJGS) and the U.S New Jersey Geological Survey Geological Survey Report GSR 37 Geophysical Investigation of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System and Underlying Bedrock in Parts of Middlesex and Mercer Counties, New Jersey by Stewart K. Sandberg L 2 David W. Hall 1 Jo Ann M. Gronberg 3 David L. Pasicznyk I I New Jel_ey Geological Survey 2Cuffent address: 3 U.S. Geological Surcey Trenton, NJ University of Southern Maine Water-Resources Division Geoscinnce Department Motmtain View Office Park 37 College Avenue 810 Bear Tavern Road Gotham, ME. 04038 West Tight.o. NJ 08628 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Science and Research Geological Su_ey CN 427 Trenton, NJ 08625 1996 Printed on recycled paper New Jersey Geological Survey Reports (1SSN 0741-7357) are published by the New Jersey Geological Survey. CN 427. Trenton. NJ 08625. This repol_ may be repn>duced in whole or part provided that suitable refenmce to the source of the copied mate_al is provided. Additional copies of this and other reports may he obtained from: Maps and Publications Sales Office Bureau of Revenue CN 417 Trenton, NJ 08625 A price list is available on request. Use of brand, commercial, or trade names is for identification puq_ses only and does not constitute endorsement by the New Jersey Geological Survey. CONTENTS Abstract ................................................... 1 Introduction................................................... 1 Locationandextentof studyarea ..................................... 1 Well-unmberingsystems ......................................... 2 Acknowledgments ............................................... 2 Geologicsetting ................................................ 2 Previoushydrogeologicstudies ...................................... 4 Previousgeophysicalinvestigations ...................................... 4 Geophysicalmethods ............................................... 5 Seismic refractionand reflection ...................................... 5 Electricalresistivityand inducedpolarization(IP) ............. _ .............. 6 Gravity ................................................... 7 Magnetics ..... ............................................ 8 Geophysicalinterpretations........................................... 8 Seismic refractionandreflection ..................................... 8 Electricalresistivity and inducedpolarization(IP) ............................ 9 Gravity ................................................... 9 Magnetics ................................................. 9 Simultaneousmodelingof magneticandgravitydata .......................... 9 Geologic interpretations ........................................... 10 Bedrocktopography ........................................... 10 Geology and hydrogeology ....................................... 10 Summary .................................................. 11 References .................................................. 12 Appendixes ................................................. 25 1. Resistivity andIPsoundinginterpretationsshowingdata-fitandlayerparameters......... 27 2. Diurnallycorrectedmagneticdata .................................. 33 Glossary .......................................... inside back cover ILLUSTRATIONS FigureI. Locationof studyareaand fallline ................................. I 2. Seismic-wave-propagationschematicsshowing(A) seismicrefraction,and (B) seismic reflection ........................................ 5 3. Schlumbergerresistivity-arraygeometryshowinglines of currentflow in a two-layeredeagh withhigher conductivityin deeperlevel .................. 6 4. Aeromagneticmapof studyarea.................................. I0 PLATES Plate 1.Bedrocktopography,rocktype,and locationsof well dataand geophysical datain parisof theNew Brunswick,SouthAmboy,and PerthAmboyQuadrangles MiddlesexCounty,New Jersey .............................. in envelope 2. Interpretedgeologic sectionsE-E ' throughL-L ' . .................. in envelope 3. Bedrocktopography,rocktype,locationsof well data and geophysicaldata, andinterpretedgeologic sectionsA-A ' throughD-D ' in the Hightstownand partoftheJamesburgQuadrangles,MercerandMiddlesexCounties, NewJersey ... inenvelope TABLES Table 1. Geologic and hydrogeologicunitsin the CoastalPlainof New Jersey ............... 3 2. Lithologicsubdivisionsof theRaritanand MagothyFormationsand hydrogeologic units in and nearthe outcrop ..................................... 4 3. Seismic finelocations andfield parameters............................ 15 4. Interpreteddepths and velocitiesto seismic interfaces ...................... 17 5. Electricalresistivity andinducedpolarization(IP) soundinglocations,elevations, and data-fiterrors ......................................... 19 6. U.S. GeologicalSurveyGroundWaterSite Inventory(GWSI)numbersof wells usedin this report,andcorrespondingNew JerseyBureauof Water Allocationpermitnumbers .... 20 7. Principalfacts of gravitystations ................................. 21 Geophysical Investigation of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System and Underlying Bedrock in Parts of Middlesex and Mercer Counties, New Jersey ABSTRACT Surface geophysical techniques were used in conjunction with geophysical and lithologic well logs to map the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system and bedrock lithology in an area extending from Plainsboro to Perth Amboy in central New Jersey. The surface geophysical techrtiques included seismic re- flection and refraction, electrical resistivity, induced polarization, gravity, and magnetics. Geophysical data allowed the delineation of (1) an aquifer pinch-out coincident with a bedrock high due east of Sayreville, (2) termination of the Woodbridge clay conf'ming unit within the Hightstown quad- ran#e, probably due to a facies change from clayey silt to sand, (3) the boundary between crystalline base- ment and Newark Supergroup sedimentary bedrock, (4) the subsurface extension of the Palisades diahase sill, and (5) a previously unknown dense rock body with high magnetic susceptibility within the crystalline bedrock. INTRODUCTION In the Atlantic Coastal Plain of New Jersey, ground aquifer, (3) refinement of the delineation of the water is the major source of water supply. Due to increased boundaries of the Palisades sill subcrop beneath the withdrawals of ground water in recent years, significant Coastal Plain sediments, and (4) an improved regional cones of depression have developed. Declining knowledge of bedrock structure. water levels have caused saltwater intrusion in the middle aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in All data in this study were interpreted by computer Sayrevill¢ Borough and South Amboy City (Schaefer, modeling methods which simulate geologic relationships so as to be consistent with geophysical measurements. 1983, p. 11) and in other aquifers elsewhere along the New The results are shown in 12 interpretative cross sections Jersey coast, and 2 bedrock topography maps (pls. 1-3). TO evaluate the potential for serious damage to Coastal Plain water resources, regional investigations Location and extent of study area The study area (fig. 1) lies within Mercer and have been undertaken in the Atlantic City, Camden, and South River areas (Leaby and others. 1987). This report is one of a series of products originating from the South River regional ground-water investigation, a cooperative effort between the New Jersey Geological Survey (NJGS) and the U.S. Geological Survey - Water i :=sruova_-A Resources Division. It was funded by the New Jersey a, Water Bond Issue of 1981, The Potomac-Raritan- Magolhy aquifer system is the most productive source > of potable water in the area and is, therefore, the main focus of the South River regional study. This portion of the study provides results of a sur- face geophysical investigation designed to improve understanding of the hydrogeologic framework in the *'1¢ South River area. Specific contribution_ were (1) evalu- ation of the continuity of the confining unit separating the upper and middle aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan- Magothy aquifer system, (2) discovery of the effect of Figure I. Location of study areaandfall line. bedrock topography on the thickness of the middle Middlesex Counties and consists of the Hightstown, The fast two digits of the well number are the county New Brunswick, South Amboy, and partsof the Perth code; in this report well numbers for Mercer County Amboy, and Jamesburg U.S. Geological Survey begin with 21, those for Middlesex County with 23. 7.5-minute quadrangles. The area straddles the Fall The numbers were assigned sequentially as the wells Line, which separates beckock of the Piedmont were enteredinto the GWSI system. Physiographic Provincefrom unconsolidatedsediments of the AtlanticCoastalPlain. Table 6 cross-references New Jersey Bureau of Water Allocation well permit numbersand GWSI well WeB-numbering system numbers used in this report. A compilationof borehole The method used for well-numberingin this report geophysical and drillers' logs for wells used in this is based on a system used by the U. S. Geological studycun be foundin Gronbergandothers (1989). Survey for its Ground-WaterSite Inventory(GWSI). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Suhas L. Ghatge, Jeffrey S. manuscript and suggesting improvements. We also Waldner, Donald L. Jagel, and Thomas C. Bumbrick, all thank David Harper and Thomas Seckler for their at the time of the study with NJGS, for assistance with careful editing, and Zehdreh Allen-Lafayette, Maryunn field work.
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