Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae, Paussini)
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Beetle Appreciation Diversity and Classification of Common Beetle Families Christopher E
Beetle Appreciation Diversity and Classification of Common Beetle Families Christopher E. Carlton Louisiana State Arthropod Museum Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist) Suborder Adephaga Suborder Polyphaga, cont. •Carabidae Superfamily Scarabaeoidea •Dytiscidae •Lucanidae •Gyrinidae •Passalidae Suborder Polyphaga •Scarabaeidae Superfamily Staphylinoidea Superfamily Buprestoidea •Ptiliidae •Buprestidae •Silphidae Superfamily Byrroidea •Staphylinidae •Heteroceridae Superfamily Hydrophiloidea •Dryopidae •Hydrophilidae •Elmidae •Histeridae Superfamily Elateroidea •Elateridae Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist, cont.) Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Superfamily Cantharoidea Superfamily Cucujoidea •Lycidae •Nitidulidae •Cantharidae •Silvanidae •Lampyridae •Cucujidae Superfamily Bostrichoidea •Erotylidae •Dermestidae •Coccinellidae Bostrichidae Superfamily Tenebrionoidea •Anobiidae •Tenebrionidae Superfamily Cleroidea •Mordellidae •Cleridae •Meloidae •Anthicidae Coleoptera Families Everyone Should Know (Checklist, cont.) Suborder Polyphaga, cont. Superfamily Chrysomeloidea •Chrysomelidae •Cerambycidae Superfamily Curculionoidea •Brentidae •Curculionidae Total: 35 families of 131 in the U.S. Suborder Adephaga Family Carabidae “Ground and Tiger Beetles” Terrestrial predators or herbivores (few). 2600 N. A. spp. Suborder Adephaga Family Dytiscidae “Predacious diving beetles” Adults and larvae aquatic predators. 500 N. A. spp. Suborder Adephaga Family Gyrindae “Whirligig beetles” Aquatic, on water -
Flanged Bombardier Beetles from Laos (Carabidae, Paussinae)
Entomologica Basiliensia et Collectionis Frey 31 101–113 2009 ISSN 1661–8041 Flanged Bombardier Beetles from Laos (Carabidae, Paussinae) by Peter Nagel Abstract. The Paussinae of Laos were recently studied based on new material collected by the Natural History Museum Basel. Two species are described as being new to science, Lebioderus brancuccii sp.nov., and Paussus lanxangensis sp.nov., and two species are new records for Laos. All species are shown in drawings. To date nine species are known from Laos, four of which have been added by the NHMB collecting trips, and a fifth new record is based on other museum collections. Key words. Laos – Paussinae – Lebioderus – Paussus – taxonomy– new species – myrmecophiles – distribution records Introduction Within the Oriental Region, Indochina is less well explored concerning the insect fauna than the Indian Subcontinent. Within Indochina, Laos is the least explored country, especially when compared to the insect fauna of the adjacent regions of Thailand. In contrast to neighboring countries, Laos still harbour large areas of forest, with relatively little disturbance and the presence of pristine habitats. However, demographic increases combined with forest burning, clearing for cultivation, and logging are major current threats to the Laotian environment. Therefore there are strong concerns for the survival of the high and unique biodiversity of this country which is situated in the centre of the Indo-Burma Hotspot (MITTERMEIER et al. 2004). In order to contribute to the documentation of the Laotian insect fauna as a basis for furthering our understanding and consequentially the conservation efforts, Dr. Michel Brancucci, Natural History Museum Basel, has conducted collecting trips to Laos in 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009. -
The Streaked Bombardier Beetle (Brachinus Sclopeta) Is One of the UK’S Most Threatened Invertebrates with Modern Records Restricted to London’S Brownfields
© Benoit Martha The Streaked bombardier beetle (Brachinus sclopeta) is one of the UK’s most threatened invertebrates with modern records restricted to London’s brownfields. This easily identifiable beetle is 5-7.5mm long and has a metallic blue-green elytra with a distinctive orange-red streak, and a slim orange-red body. Similar to all bombardier species, when threatened it can spray a boiling, chemical mixture of hydroquinones and hydrogen peroxide from the tip of its flexible abdomen to deter predators. Life cycle Habitat Very little is known of their ecology, but adults have been Streaked bombardier in the UK are now exclusively recorded throughout the year in an apparently active state. It associated with brownfields that support open mosaic is likely that the Streaked bombardier follows a similar life habitat on previously developed land, a Priority Habitat. They cycle to closely related species, with reproduction in the require sites with a mosaic of dry open ground, ruderal warmer months before overwintering as adults. It is thought vegetation and large debris such as broken bricks and rubble. that larvae are ectoparasites of Amara, Harpalus and Soil and rubble bunds created by site clearances appear to possibly Ophonus beetle larvae, attaching themselves to their provide them with optimal habitat, perhaps providing them prey and feeding before pupating. with a range of microclimates, aspects, temperature and moisture. The beetles are often found tightly embedded Distribution between broken brick or rubble and soil. A range of microclimates and different ruderal species are also likely to Historical records of the Streaked bombardier are restricted improve the number and diversity of seed eating Amara and to a handful of sites on the south coast of England, with the Harpalus prey species. -
Coleoptera Identifying the Beetles
6/17/2020 Coleoptera Identifying the Beetles Who we are: Matt Hamblin [email protected] Graduate of Kansas State University in Manhattan, KS. Bachelors of Science in Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Minor in Entomology Began M.S. in Entomology Fall 2018 focusing on Entomology Education Who we are: Jacqueline Maille [email protected] Graduate of Kansas State University in Manhattan, KS with M.S. in Entomology. Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, TN with a Bachelors of Science in Biology, Minor Chemistry Began Ph.D. iin Entomology with KSU and USDA-SPIERU in Spring 2020 Focusing on Stored Product Pest Sensory Systems and Management 1 6/17/2020 Who we are: Isaac Fox [email protected] 2016 Kansas 4-H Entomology Award Winner Pest Scout at Arnold’s Greenhouse Distribution, Abundance and Diversity Global distribution Beetles account for ~25% of all life forms ~390,000 species worldwide What distinguishes a beetle? 1. Hard forewings called elytra 2. Mandibles move horizontally 3. Antennae with usually 11 or less segments exceptions (Cerambycidae Rhipiceridae) 4. Holometabolous 2 6/17/2020 Anatomy Taxonomically Important Features Amount of tarsi Tarsal spurs/ spines Antennae placement and features Elytra features Eyes Body Form Antennae Forms Filiform = thread-like Moniliform = beaded Serrate = sawtoothed Setaceous = bristle-like Lamellate = nested plates Pectinate = comb-like Plumose = long hairs Clavate = gradually clubbed Capitate = abruptly clubbed Aristate = pouch-like with one lateral bristle Nicrophilus americanus Silphidae, American Burying Beetle Counties with protected critical habitats: Montgomery, Elk, Chautauqua, and Wilson Red-tipped antennae, red pronotum The ecological services section, Kansas department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism 3 6/17/2020 Suborders Adephaga vs Polyphaga Families ~176 described families in the U.S. -
Mitochondrial Genomes Resolve the Phylogeny of Adephaga
1 Mitochondrial genomes resolve the phylogeny 2 of Adephaga (Coleoptera) and confirm tiger 3 beetles (Cicindelidae) as an independent family 4 Alejandro López-López1,2,3 and Alfried P. Vogler1,2 5 1: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK 6 2: Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK 7 3: Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus 8 Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain 9 10 Corresponding author: Alejandro López-López ([email protected]) 11 12 Abstract 13 The beetle suborder Adephaga consists of several aquatic (‘Hydradephaga’) and terrestrial 14 (‘Geadephaga’) families whose relationships remain poorly known. In particular, the position 15 of Cicindelidae (tiger beetles) appears problematic, as recent studies have found them either 16 within the Hydradephaga based on mitogenomes, or together with several unlikely relatives 17 in Geadeadephaga based on 18S rRNA genes. We newly sequenced nine mitogenomes of 18 representatives of Cicindelidae and three ground beetles (Carabidae), and conducted 19 phylogenetic analyses together with 29 existing mitogenomes of Adephaga. Our results 20 support a basal split of Geadephaga and Hydradephaga, and reveal Cicindelidae, together 21 with Trachypachidae, as sister to all other Geadephaga, supporting their status as Family. We 22 show that alternative arrangements of basal adephagan relationships coincide with increased 23 rates of evolutionary change and with nucleotide compositional bias, but these confounding 24 factors were overcome by the CAT-Poisson model of PhyloBayes. The mitogenome + 18S 25 rRNA combined matrix supports the same topology only after removal of the hypervariable 26 expansion segments. -
The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State -
How Bombardier Beetles Survive Being Eaten – and Other Amazing Animal Defence Mechanisms
07/02/2018 How bombardier beetles survive being eaten – and other amazing animal defence mechanisms Academic rigour, journalistic flair How bombardier beetles survive being eaten – and other amazing animal defence mechanisms February 7, 2018 12.03am GMT Author Luc Bussiere Lecturer in Biological Sciences, University of Stirling What goes in must come out. Sugiura & Sato, Kobe University, Author provided (No reuse) In Disney’s film version of Pinnochio, the boy-puppet rescues his creator Geppetto by lighting a fire inside Monstro the whale, who has swallowed them both. The fire causes the whale to sneeze, freeing Pinnochio and Geppetto from their gastric prison. Before you dismiss this getaway as incredible fantasy, consider that new research shows that a kind of fire in the belly can actually be an effective strategy for escaping predators in the real world. In fact, the animal kingdom is full of amazing examples of unusual defence mechanisms that help small creatures avoid a nasty fate. In a new paper in Biology Letters, scientists at Kobe University in Japan describe how bombardier beetles can survive being eaten by a toad by releasing a hot chemical spray that makes the hungry amphibian vomit. Bombardier beetles are so-named because, when threatened, they emit a boiling, irritating substance from their backsides with remarkable accuracy, to deter potential predators. They produce the caustic mixture by combining hydrogen peroxide, hydroquinones and chemical catalysts in a specially reinforced chamber at the base of their abdomen, which shields the beetle’s own organs from the resulting explosive reaction. Slow-motion footage of spraying by Asian bombardier beetle https://theconversation.com/how-bombardier-beetles-survive-being-eaten-and-other-amazing-animal-defence-mechanisms-91288 1/4 07/02/2018 How bombardier beetles survive being eaten – and other amazing animal defence mechanisms The Japanese researchers fed two different species of bombardier beetles to captive toads. -
Deutsche Entomologischezeitsch Rifl
dowenload www.zobodat.at Deutsche EntomologischeZeitsch rifl Jahrgang 1929, Heft 1. Kritisches über Paussiden (Col.). (277. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Myrmecophilen.) Von E. Wasmann, S. J. (Mit 2 Tafeln.) Die folgenden kritischen Bemerkungen tun meiner Wert schätzung für den Nestor der deutschen Coleopterologie und für seine Arbeiten keinen Eintrag. Aber auf Irrtümer muß aufmerk sam gemacht werden, damit sie sich nicht weiter verbreiten, und wissenschaftliche Meinungsverschiedenheiten dürfen und müssen erörtert werden im Interesse des Fortschritts der Wissenschaft. 1. Zu Paiissus australis Blackburn. (Trans. R. Soc. Austr. XIV, 1891, p. 68). Kolbe hielt ihn noch 1924 (D. E. Z., S. 345) für einen wirklichen Paussus, und zwar a u s Australien. Ihm wie den meisten anderen Entomologen war es entgangen, daß Arthur M. Lea schon 1917 (Trans. R. Soc. Austr. XLI, p. 126) auf Grund einer brieflichen Mitteilung Arrows, der die Type im Britischen Museum gesehen, die Berichtigung brachte, daß dieser „Paussus australis“ weder ein Paussus noch aus Australien sei, sondern ein falsch etikettierter Paussomorphus Chrevrolati, der wahr scheinlich aus Abessinien war. Durch die irrtümliche Angabe Blackburns, die doch bei einiger Aufmerksamkeit leicht ver meidlich gewesen wäre, wurde fünfunddreißig Jahre lang unsere Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung von Paussus irregeführt, dessen isoliertes Vorkommen in Australien neben der altertümlichen Megalopaussus-Arthropterus- Gruppe höchstens durch eine Einwande rung von Ostindien her auf einer pliocänen Landbrücke erklärlich schien. 2. Zu Paussus (Edaphopaussus) americanus Kolbe. Dieser Paussus sollte nach Kolbes ursprünglicher Angabe (Ent. Mitt. 1920, S. 155) aus Ostbolivien sein. Erst 1926 (Neue Beitr. z. syst. Insektenkunde, III, S. 171) berichtigte er die Vater landsangabe dahin, daß jener Paussus nur durch einen Irrtum in die Steinbach sehe Sammlung der Coleopteren aus Bolivien gekommen sei; der „Paussus americanusu sei zweifellos a u s Ost- Deutsche Eutomol. -
Mechanistic Origins of Bombardier Beetle (Brachinini)
RESEARCH | REPORTS performed, it can never be fully excluded that the 8. K. M. Tye et al., Nature 471, 358–362 (2011). 30. S. Ruediger, D. Spirig, F. Donato, P. Caroni, Nat. Neurosci. 15, anxiety- and goal-related firing described here 9. A. Adhikari, M. A. Topiwala, J. A. Gordon, Neuron 65, 257–269 1563–1571 (2012). may reflect more complex aspects and compu- (2010). 10. E. Likhtik, J. M. Stujenske, M. A. Topiwala, A. Z. Harris, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS tations of the vCA1 network. J. A. Gordon, Nat. Neurosci. 17, 106–113 (2014). We thank P. Schönenberger [Institute of Science and Technology The mPFC and Amy are involved in anxiety 11. R. P. Vertes, Synapse 51,32–58 (2004). (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria] and S. Wolff (Harvard Medical behavior, receiving direct inputs from vCA1 (2, 4, 8). 12. C. A. Orsini, J. H. Kim, E. Knapska, S. Maren, J. Neurosci. 31, School, Boston, USA) for helpful discussions on the optogenetic – We demonstrated that anxiety-related activity is 17269 17277 (2011). strategy; T. Asenov (IST) for three-dimensional printing of → 13. S. Royer, A. Sirota, J. Patel, G. Buzsáki, J. Neurosci. 30, microdrives; R. Tomioka (Kumamoto University, Japan) for help preferentially supported by vCA1 mPFC pro- 1777–1787 (2010). in setting up the behavioral and electrophysiological experiments; jections, in agreement with described theta- 14. D. M. Bannerman et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 15, 181–192 E. Borok and R. Hauer for technical help with histology; all the frequency synchronization between the ventral (2014). members of the Klausberger lab for insightful discussions; hippocampus and mPFC during anxiety behavior 15. -
Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae) Collected Along the Horton and Thelon Rivers in the Arctic Central Barrens of Canada
Predaceous Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae) Collected Along the Horton and Thelon Rivers in the Arctic Central Barrens of Canada HELENA V. S HAVERDO1 and DONNA J. GIBERSON2 1Department of Entomology, 213 Animal Science/Entomology Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada 2Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada Shaverdo, Helena V., and Donna J. Giberson. Predaceous water beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae) col- lected along the Horton and Thelon rivers in the Arctic Central Barrens of Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(3): 425-433. Predaceous water beetles were collected during expeditions along two northern Canadian rivers during 2000 and 2002. Twelve species of Dytiscidae (including 11 named species and one additional genus identified from a larva) and one species of Gyrinidae are recorded from 20 sites along the Horton and Thelon rivers in the Central Barrens area of the Canadian Arctic. These records represent an extension of the distributions of four species to the northeast in the Northwest Territories (NWT), and two species to the northwest in Nunavut (NU). Oreodytes sanmarkii is reported for NWT and for the mainland of NU for the first time. Ilybius erichsoni, Hydroporus geniculatus, and Gyrinus opacus are reported for NU for the first time. Five species were recorded for the first time from the Southern Arctic ecozone, and one from the Taiga Shield ecozone. The majority of specimens were collected in habitats that were consistent with those previously known for each species. Key Words: Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, predaceous water beetles, faunistics, river, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Arctic Central Barrens. -
The Evolution and Phylogeny of Beetles
Darwin, Beetles and Phylogenetics Rolf G. Beutel1 . Frank Friedrich1, 2 . Richard A. B. Leschen3 1) Entomology group, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, FSU Jena, 07743 Jena; e-mail: [email protected]; 2) Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, 20144 Hamburg; 3) New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, NZ Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old warhorse at the sound of a trumpet. Charles R. Darwin Abstract Here we review Charles Darwin’s relation to beetles and developments in coleopteran systematics in the last two centuries. Darwin was an enthusiastic beetle collector. He used beetles to illustrate different evolutionary phenomena in his major works, and astonishingly, an entire sub-chapter is dedicated to beetles in “The Descent of Man”. During his voyage on the Beagle, Darwin was impressed by the high diversity of beetles in the tropics and expressed, to his surprise, that the majority of species were small and inconspicuous. Despite his obvious interest in the group he did not get involved in beetle taxonomy and his theoretical work had little immediate impact on beetle classification. The development of taxonomy and classification in the late 19th and earlier 20th centuries was mainly characterised by the exploration of new character systems (e.g., larval features, wing venation). In the mid 20th century Hennig’s new methodology to group lineages by derived characters revolutionised systematics of Coleoptera and other organisms. As envisioned by Darwin and Ernst Haeckel, the new Hennigian approach enabled systematists to establish classifications truly reflecting evolution. -
Charles Darwin and the Voyage of the Beagle
Charles Darwin And the Voyage of the Beagle Darwin interior proof.indd 1 10/8/19 12:19 PM To Ernie —R. A. Published by PEACHTREE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. 1700 Chattahoochee Avenue Atlanta, Georgia 30318-2112 www.peachtree-online.com Text © 2009 by Ruth Ashby Charles Darwin First trade paperback edition published in 2020 And the Voyage of the Beagle All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the pub- lisher. Book design and composition by Adela Pons Printed in October 2019 in the United States of America by RR Donnelley & Sons in Harrisonburg, Ruth Ashby Virginia 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 (hardcover) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (trade paperback) HC ISBN: 978-1-56145-478-5 PB ISBN: 978-1-68263-127-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ashby, Ruth. Young Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle / written by Ruth Ashby.—1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 13: 978-1-56145-478-5 / ISBN 10: 1-56145-478-8 1. Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882.—Juvenile literature. 2. Beagle Expedition (1831-1836)— Juvenile literature. 3. Naturalist—England—Biography—Juvenile literature. 4. Voyages around the world—Juvenile literature. I. Title. QH31.D2.A797 2009 910.4’1—dc22 2008036747 Darwin interior proof.indd 2-3 10/8/19 12:19 PM The Voyage of the Beagle Approximate Route, 1831–1836 B R I T I S H ISLANDS N WE EUROPE N O R T H S AMERICA ASIA NORTH CANARY ISLANDS ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC CAPE VERDE ISLANDS OCEAN AFRICA INDIAN OCEAN GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS SOUTH To MADAGASCAR Tahiti AMERICA Bahia Lima Rio de Janeiro ST.