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Universidade Federal De Ouro Preto - Escola De Minas Departamento De Engenharia Civil Mestrado Em Construção Metálica

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Universidade Federal De Ouro Preto - Escola De Minas Departamento De Engenharia Civil Mestrado Em Construção Metálica UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO - ESCOLA DE MINAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL MESTRADO EM CONSTRUÇÃO METÁLICA PROPOSTA DE ABRIGO TEMPORÁRIO MÓVEL PARA USO EMERGENCIAL EM PERFIS METÁLICOS LEVES: ANÁLISE DO DESEMPENHO ESTRUTURAL E TÉRMICO Ouro Preto, dezembro de 2014 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO - ESCOLA DE MINAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL MESTRADO EM CONSTRUÇÃO METÁLICA PROPOSTA DE ABRIGO TEMPORÁRIO MÓVEL PARA USO EMERGENCIAL EM PERFIS METÁLICOS LEVES: ANÁLISE DO DESEMPENHO ESTRUTURAL E TÉRMICO Autor: Gustavo Brandão Nogueira Soares Orientador: Prof. Dr. Henor Artur de Souza Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação do Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Escola de Minas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, como parte integrante dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, área de concentração: Construção Metálica. Ouro Preto, dezembro de 2014 S676p Soares, Gustavo Brandão Nogueira. Proposta de abrigo temporário móvel para uso emergencial em perfis metálicos leves [manuscrito]: análise do desempenho estrutural e térmico / Gustavo Brandão Nogueira Soares. - 2014. 223f.: il.: color; grafs; tabs. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Henor Artur Souza. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Escola de Minas. Departamento de Engenharia Civil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Área de Concentração: Construção Metálica. 1. Construção metálica. 2. Conforto térmico. 3. Otimização estrutural. I. Souza, Henor Artur. II. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. III. Titulo. CDU: 624.014 Catalogação: www.sisbin.ufop.br AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus Nosso Senhor pelo dom da vida e por haver me dado gratuitamente a oportunidade de recomeçar; A meus pais queridos, Edhmar e Christina, pelo suporte, apoio e carinho em todos os momentos de minha vida; A meus irmãos Christiano e Priscilla pelo incentivo de nunca desistir; A meu orientador Prof. Dr. Henor Artur de Souza pelo total desprendimento, dedicação e por haver acreditado em minha pessoa e em meu trabalho desde os primeiros dias deste mestrado; A todos os professores que me inspiraram e contribuíram na produção desse trabalho de pesquisa e em minha formação como arquiteto, portanto, dedico este trabalho ao Prof. Henor Artur de Souza, Eduardo Castanheira, Cláudia Arcipreste, Tito Flávio Aguiar e Carlos Henrique de Affonseca; Ao colega eng. Rafael Aésio Zaltron pela presteza no desenvolvimento da análise estrutural ensinando-me com paciência a compreender os programas computacionais imprescindíveis nessa pesquisa; A colega Larissa Trindade pelo carinho e indispensável auxílio na construção da análise térmica para o abrigo emergencial proposto; Aos colegas da pós-graduação que estiveram presentes em todos os momentos desse processo, destacando o eng. Renato Tavares pelas dicas na construção do modelo estrutural e o eng. Wagner Cavalare pelo apoio e amizade nesses dois anos de mestrado; Aos colegas do NUPECON (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Conforto) pela cooperação e carinho. A Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela bolsa de estudo concedida; Ao PROPEC, UFOP e Fundação Gorceix, pelo apoio institucional. iii RESUMO Desastres naturais e guerras civis afetam diretamente milhões de pessoas anualmente em todo o mundo, deslocando-as para campos de refugiados organizados conforme as necessidades daquela população. Observa-se, portanto, no que tange a abrigos emergenciais, as costumeiras tipologias utilizadas nessas situações, normalmente tendas acomodadas ao nível do chão, que poderão apresentar, conforme o tempo de utilização, inconvenientes nos aspectos estruturais e térmicos. Neste trabalho ampliam-se os conhecimentos acerca da arquitetura móvel no âmbito das habitações emergenciais e propõe-se um modelo arquitetônico evidenciando os aspectos culturais e históricos dessa antiga e, ao mesmo tempo, nova forma de elaborar a arquitetura. Dentro desse universo, foi proposta uma investigação sobre os tópicos gerais que permeiam a arquitetura móvel de uso emergencial, observando-se o desenvolvimento histórico do homem e, por conseguinte, da arquitetura, questões referentes a temporalidade da habitação e as particularidades acerca da construção, apresentando-se os materiais para a composição adequada ao modelo proposto, e as estratégias necessárias ao conforto térmico. Busca-se, da mesma forma, apresentar características sobre a racionalização do processo construtivo, normalização e modulação que ampliam as qualidades para a confecção em ambiente industrial (pré-fabricação) do elemento proposto, diminuindo custos com mão-de-obra, matéria-prima, e do próprio objeto. Apresenta-se ainda uma análise do desempenho estrutural e térmico do modelo arquitetônico proposto, visando sua aplicação imediata e prioritária em situações de emergência, podendo oferecer conforto térmico e resistência estrutural adequados a qualquer situação. A análise estrutural e térmica é realizada via simulação numérica utilizando os softwares SAP2000, versão 16.1, e Energyplus, versão 8.1, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos pela análise estrutural demonstraram que os perfis de alumínio foram os mais adequados, pois além de oferecer estabilidade estrutural proporcionam um modelo mais leve comparado ao analisado em perfis de aço leve. Em relação ao desempenho térmico, o modelo construído com tecido impermeável e resistente não atende ao critério mínimo da norma de desempenho e desse modo outras estratégias de condicionamento térmico devem ser pensadas em função da região onde será implantado. Palavras-chave: abrigos temporários e emergenciais, pré-fabricação, desempenho estrutural e térmico, perfis metálicos leves. iv ABSTRACT Natural disasters and civil wars directly affect millions of people annually worldwide, moving them to refugee camps organized according to the needs of that population. It is observed therefore, regarding the emergency shelters, that the usual types used in these situations, usually tents, stay at ground level, which may present along the time of use, drawbacks in structural and thermal aspects. This thesis extends the knowledge about the mobile architecture of the emergency housing and presents an architectural model showing the cultural and historical aspects of this ancient, and at the same time, a new way to develop architecture. Within this universe, an investigation was proposed on the general topics that permeate the mobile architecture of emergency use, observing the historical development of man and therefore of architecture itself, issues of temporality of housing and the particularities about the construction, and presenting the materials to the composition appropriate to the proposed model, and the strategies needed to attain thermal comfort. We seek also to present peculiarities on the streamlining of the construction process, standardization and modulation that expand the qualities for the making of the proposed element in an industrial environment (prefabrication), reducing costs with labor, raw materials, and of the object itself. It is presented also an analysis of the structural and thermal performance of the proposed architectural model, aiming at its immediate and prioritized application in emergency situations, providing thermal comfort and structural strength appropriate to any situation. The structural and thermal analysis is performed by numerical simulation using the software SAP2000, version 16.1, and Energyplus, version 8.1, respectively. The results obtained by the structural analysis showed that the aluminum profiles were the most suitable, because besides providing structural stability they provide a lighter model when compared to the model made of steel profile. Regarding the thermal performance, the model built with waterproof and resistant fabric does not comply with the minimum criteria of thermal performance standard, thus, other strategies for thermal conditioning should be considered, according to the region where it will be applied. Keywords: temporary and emergency shelters, prefabrication, structural and thermal performance, light metallic profile. v "Qualquer ato de amor, por menor que seja, é um trabalho pela paz. “ Madre Tereza de Calcutá vi SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS....................................................................................................................3 RESUMO..........................................................................................................................................5 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................6 LISTA DE FIGURAS....................................................................................................................10 LISTA DE QUADROS E TABELAS..........................................................................................14 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS..................................................................................16 1. INTRODUÇÃO...................................................................................................................17 1.1 Considerações Gerais........................................................................................................17 1.2 Objetivo..............................................................................................................................21 1.2.1 Objetivo específico..........................................................................................................21 1.3 Justificativa........................................................................................................................21
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