POWERLOOM CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN

BEINSISNORANT IS NOT SO MUCH A SHAME AS BEINS UNWILLING TO LEARN TO DO THINSS THE RISHT WAV

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Chapter No. V Power-Ioom co-operative societies in Malegaon

Performance of Power-loom co-operative societies in Malegaon

‘'Malegaon is a Taluka place in the Nasik District O f State. ”

Power-loom co-operative societies in Maharashtra

Table 5.1; Power loom co-operative societies in Maharashtra District No District No District No District No District No Nasik 154 Pune Aurangabad 4 W ashim 4 Bhandara 19

Dhule 62 Sholapur 379 Jaina 0 Amravati 49 G ondia 0

N andurbar 9 Satara 23 Parbhani 2 Yavatmai 0 Chandrapur 6

Jalgaon 10 Sangli 106 Hingoli 1 W ardha 7 Gadchiroli 2

A hm ednager 19 K olhapur 355 Beed 17 N agpur 485 Total 1825 Source: Commissioner of co-operation, Maharashtra State. 2003-04

Table 5.2: District-wise Number of handloom co-operative societies District No. Of No. Of Number District No. Of No. Of Number Societies Handloo of Societies Handloo of ms members ms members Mumbai 05 922 451 Aurangabad 02 138 707

Thane --- Jalna - 165 20

Raigardh --- Parbhani 01 155 142

Sind’durg - 41 65 Beed 18 112 388

Ratnagiri --- N aded 24 532 1309 Total 05 963 516 Usmanabad 01 175 585 07 5855 1522 Latur 02 147 719 Dhule 05 395 1010 Total 48 1394 3870 Jalgaon 04 949 994 Buldana 01 52 48 Ah'dnager 10 154 89 A kola 03 638 908 Total 26 7353 2815 A m ravati 06 833 2228

Pune 06 419 733 Yavatmai - 32 78 Satara 01 218 474 Total 10 1555 3262 Sangli 04 381 848 V ardha 07 133 332 Sholapur 175 12143 15241 N agpur 392 16141 40598 Kolhapur 17 413 258 Buldana 29 2489 5400 Total 203 13574 17554 Chandrapur 05 458 1124 Grand 728 44724 77475 G adchiroli 03 664 2004 Total Total 436 19885 49458 Source: The booi

At the end of 2003. the state ofMaharshtra had 1.825 power loom co-operative societies. The highest number of societies was in Nagpur that is 485. second highest was in Sholapur 379. third

228 highest was in Kolhapur 355 and the fourth highest was in Nasik 154 societies. Nagpur, Sholapur

and Kolhapur itself are power loom centers whereas in Nasik District Malegaon is the power loom

center. Out of 154 power loom co-operative societies in Nasik. 98 are in Malegaon only. This shows the importance of Malegaon center.

There are only 728 handloom co-operative societies as compared to 1.825 power loom co­

operative societies in Maharashtra. Highest number of handloom co-operative societies are again in

Nagpur district and second highest in Sholapur. Nasik district has only 7 handloom co-operative

societies. The two tables show that in Malegaon power loom co-operative societies are large in

number. A large number of small weavers depend completely upon power looms. The success and

failure of the power loom co-operative societies has the direct impact on their business and life.

Nasik District:

Nasik district is famous for historical reasons such as Godavari River, home of Ram-laxman.

Ahliyabai . Today Nasik is known for Currency Printing Press of Government of . Jet aircrafts and MIG manufactures at Ozer, near to Nasik. The district is also famous for Grapes and dairy products.

Table 5.3: Details of Nasik District No. Particulars Details 1 Geographical Ares 15,530 sq. kms. 2 Rivers Godavari. Gima. Dorna, Kadva, Mosam, Kolvan 3 Average temperature 38.5 4 Average rainfall 100 cm 5 Talukas Nasik. Satana. Dev la. Malegaon, Surgana, Kalvan, Peth, Dindori. Chandvad, Nandgaon, Trimbak, Niphad, Yeola, Igatpuri, Sinner 6Villages 1749 7 Towns 15 8 Grampanchayats 1297 9 Municipalities 9 10 Police stations and outposts 61 11 Population 49,87,923 (Male2591980, Female2395943) 12 Literacy Ratio 75.10% 13 Area under agriculture 972800 hectors 14 Industrial Estates Satpur, Nasik, Ambad, Peth, Sinner 15 Medical institutes 191 16 Educational institutes Primary 3339, Secondary 525, Higher 123, 17 Road length 10371 kms. 18 Electrical villages 1742 19 Electrical towns 15 Source: Sndharb. Maharashtra State and District at a glance, page No 143. Year 2002

Chief compiler: Dr. K. K. Sharma, Intellectual Book Bureau Bhopal.

229 Malegaon

Geographical

Malegaon is in the northeast part ofN asik district. Its geographical area is 12.95 sq. kms. It is at a distance ot 108.63 kilometers away from the Nasik city. 'And 289 kilometers away from Mumbai. The city is situated at 20.6 latitude and 74.6 longitude, its total area is 1.93.800 hectors of land.^ The famous Bombay Agra National highway No.3 passes from the south and west ends of Malegaon. The city has two rivers called Maosam Nadi and Girna Nadi, which originate from Sahyadri ghats. These rivers do not supply drinking water to the city. The city gets drinking water from Koyna and Girna dams. Malegaon is in trough sloping eastward between the elevations 300- 450 meters. Malegaon is the biggest populated taluka ofNasik district. The nearest railway station Manmad, is 36 kilometers away. The density of population in 1991 was 26,455 per square kms.

Aurangabad, the city named after the last Moghul emperor Aurangzeb is at 127 kilometers away in the northeast of Malegaon and the famous chocolate village Ravalgaon is just 18 kilometers from Malegaon. Dabhadi, the sugar factory is only at 6 kilometers distance. The nearest city is Dhuliya, which is 51 km. away. This tahsil is well connected to the other parts of the state by road. Malegaon consists of three distinct parts Viz. The older quarter of the city, the Camp and the Sangameshwar village on the left bank of the Mosam river and connected with the rest of the town by a causeway across the river.

Malegaon taluka consists of 136 villages. It has hot winters and very cold summers. It recorded lowest temperature as low as 2 degree Celsius. December and January are cold and May is the hottest month of the year. The city recorded 47.7 degree Celsius in 1916 and minimum heat of 0.6 degree Celsius in January 1935. Malegaon witnesses lower than average rainfall. It is because it is located on the leeward side of the Sahyadri ranges, that is . . Nilva. Vani and Satmal Ankai hills. Because of the low rainfall, the main crops of the area are Bajra Jaw ar and sugarcane.

Socio-Economic Profile

In Malegaon main source of employment is the power loom industry. According to the 1991 census, Malegaon is classified as an industrial city. 62 per cent of main workers are employed in industries, reflecting the prominence of the power loom industr> in the city. Muslims form a large proportion of those employed in weaving units, which produce gray cloths.

' Distance from villages to villages in Nasik district. Government publication. 1972. Page 72 ■ Nasik district, Statistical Department. Table No. 10 BO fn Malegaon city, a considerable proportion of the population lives in slums with lack of basic amenities such as drinking water, toilet facilities and even electric connections. In 1991. the number of hospitals was 3 and dispensaries 5. In addition, there were 6 health clinics and 2 family planning centers. The number of beds in medical institutions was just 64. This shows the poor medical facilities in Malegaon city. In 1991, the literacy rate in Malegaon was 56%. 62 percent for males and 49 percent for females. For urban Maharashtra, the literacy rates were 79% for the entire population and 86% and 71%. for males and females respectively. Comparatively, literacy rate in Malegaon is much lower.

According to the 1991 census, Muslims formed around three-fourths of the total population of Malegaon. The next major community was Hindu. In 1991. Malegaon had a very small proportion of SC. and ST population. 2.87 and 1.52 percent respectively.

Table 5.4: Malegaon general knowledge N o. Y ear Information 1 Geographical Setting 20.6 Latitude and 74.6 Longitude, total Area 193.800 hectors. It contains 136 villages. 108.63 kilometers away from Nasik. Nearest railway station Manmad at a distance of 35 kilometers. Aurangabad is at a distance of 127 kilometers. 2 1740 The Fort of Malegaon built

1818 British captured the fort

4 1863 Malegaon municipality formed

5 1869 First municipal hospital started

6 1881 First municipal Marathi school started

7 1903 Judiciary (Adalat) started

8 1903 Urdu library formed

9 1915 Handloom with shuttle started

10 1915 First printing press started

11 1921 City police station formed

12 1924 First post office started

13 1926 Mamledar Kacheri started

14 1927 First school for Muslim girls formed

15 1927 Municipal school board formed

16 1933 Power loom started.

17 1935 First Leathu press started.

18 1935 Power house formed

19 1938 First earthquake recorded.

20 1952 Telephone started.

21 1953 Water pipe connections established.

231 22 Pandit Nahru Visited. (Twice) Dr. Rajendra Prasad Prominent Visitors Gandhiji Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan Indira Gandhi (Thrice) Mauiana Mohammed Ali Jawhar Morarji Desai Dilip Kumar Mohammed Rati 23 Municipal Primary Schools Urdu Medium 88 Marathi Medium: 22

24 Private primary schools 22

25 High Schools /Night schools 21/02

26 Libraries 10

27 News Papers Total 16 Urdu 10 Marathi 6

28 Clim ate Low 0.06 (Jan. 1935) High 47.7(May 1916)

29 Tahsil Villages 150 T ow ns 2

30 Language (Mother Tongue) Muslims- Urdu Hindus- Marathi

31 Main Occupation in the city Power loom

Source: Compiled by the researcher

Historical

It is interesting to relate how Malegaon became a Muslim-majority city. The Muslim community in Malegaon historically grew from waves of migration particularly from north India and also partly from Hyderabad. Above 200 years back. Malegaon was a kasba (a small place) and was called Maliwadi (hamlet of gardeners). One of the Sardars of Bajirao , Naroshankar, was given 18 villages including Maliwadi as a jagir by a Commander of Mugal forces Badshah Muhammad Azizuddin Gazi. Naroshankar made Maliwadi his residential quarters and started constructing a fort in 1740, the construction of which took around 20 years to be completed.^

For building the fort Naroshankar invited a number of engineers, stone cutter an artisan, who were mostly Muslims from the north, especially suburbs of Delhi. This was the first time a sizeable number of Muslims came to settle in Maliwadi. These Muslim artisans also brought their language Urdu for the first time to Maliwadi. Some of the Muslim artisans came from and Broach too. The artisans lived in a basti (settlement) opposite to the fort, across the river, which is today known as Sangmeshwar. After coming of Muslims. Maliwadi became Malegaon.

There were some Egyptian soldiers in the army of Malegaon. Gopalrao also had a few Rohilla Sipahies serving him. Both Egyptian and Rohilla soldiers were Muslims. The first Idgah (where Idd prayers are performed) in Malegaon was built by one of the Rohilla sipahies, Dilawar Khan in 1816. Gopalrao was a disciple of Bhikhan Shah, a Muslim saint, whose grave even today

exists at the confluence of Mosam and Girna rivers.

' Dr. Ashfaque Anjum in his book RajaNaro Shankar has written that he did not build the Fort of Malegaon. 232 When the British captured the Malegaon fort in 1818, they invited Muslims of Hyderabad from Nizam's territory to Malegaon. Some Muslims migrated from Hyderabad to Malegaon, and most of them settled in the cantonment area. After the mutiny in 1857, many Momins, the largest number of Muslims ever to migrate to Malegaon, came from north India to Malegaon in search of security. In 1862, Muslims from Banaras who were mostly weavers, as there was a famine around this time, too migrated to Malegaon. Thus, it appears that the Muslim community in Malegaon grew from waves of migration particularly from north.

Malegaon is one of the 3 main power loom towns in the state. It first grew in the late 19th century when large numbers of Muslim weavers fled here from North India to escape the repression unleashed by the British in the aftermath of the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. They settled here and at Bhiwandi, the other town on the Agra Road, and over time these two towns became power loom centers.

Most of weavers are Ansari Muslims — descendants of the weavers who settled here over a century ago --and they still have links with their original homeland, now in Uttar Pradesh. Their mother tongue is Urdu. The rest are local Maharashtrians called Dakhani Muslims (i.e. from the Deccan) who consider their mother tongue to be Marathi.

Table 5.5: The population of t he Malegaon City S. N o. Y ear Population Male F em ale 1 1757 N.A. —— 2 1827 ——— -> J 1868 8,264 —— 4 1881 10,622 —— 5 1891 15,522 —— 6 1901 19,054 9,915 9,139 7 1911 21,869 9,817 9,243 8 1921 23,505 12,052 11.453 9 1931 29,442 15.144 14.298 10 1941 36,780 18,986 17,794 11 1951 55,022 28,179 26.843 12 1961 1,21,408 64,128 57,280 13 1971 1,91,847 99,444 92,403 14 1981 2,45,883 1,26,662 1,19,507 15 1991 3,42,431 1,74,716 1,67,879 16 2001 4,98,396 2.58,431 2,39,965 Source: The census of India. 2001

Industrial

Malegaon was a traditional handloom-weaving center in Maharashtra. The era of power looms in Malegaon emerged after 1933. Most of the preparatory work before weaving like starching

233 the yam. transferring it over the tubes, preparing Tana-Bana was done by the women. Even after power looms were introduced, women continued to help their men folk in the weaving procedure.

With the introduction of power looms in 1933, the cloth industry in Malegaon flourished due to increased productivity. Many people bought power looms and very few were left with handlooms. As a result, many more Muslims weavers from U.P.. Khandesh and Deccan migrated to Malegaon. These migrants created slums for the first time in Malegaon. Kamalpura, the first and the biggest slum in Malegaon, was established in the 1940s. Later many more slums were created as the political and social turmoil in Hyderabad in the late 1940s and 50s and the riots in 1960s led to massive migration of Muslims into Malegaon. The influx was so large that three new municipal wards came into existence.

Ninety per cent of the power looms are owned by Ansari Muslims, but the loom workers are mainly Dakhani Muslims and Hindus from nearby villages such as Soyegaon and Dyanegaon. There are no unions of the workers in evidence here, though few local leaders organized them in the past. The traders in Malegaon are mostly Marwaris and Gujaratis: they supply the raw materials to the loom owners and then buy the finished product from them. The Union Home Ministry has long ago described Malegaon as an" ultra-sensitive" spot, mainly because of its large Muslim population. Some residents said that the atmosphere here is always tense, and small skirmishes take place often. One major reason pointed out for this is that there are hardly any recreational facilities or spaces for the citizens to let off steam. Even now for a majority of Muslims, weaving continues to be the main occupation. Women and children work on the loom or undertake associated operations.

The weavers continue to suffer for several reasons- textile policies are unfavorable to them, they cannot afford buying yarn and the marketing of cloth is not in their hands. Middlemen exploit the weavers who are unorganized. Since no other economic opportunities exist, many weavers continue in their traditional occupation though it provides only with a subsistence level of livelihood.

Traditionally, the power loom industry has been neatly divided along communal lines: Hindus have a monopoly over the yam-manufacturing units, while Muslims control the weaving units. Trading of the cloth that is woven is again in the hands of the Hindu community. There has always been an element of conflict between yarn manufacturers and weavers in the power loom industry. Weavers feel that yarn manufacturers take advantage of their control over the market to hike yarn prices and get an unfair share of the profit, while weavers are left with next to nothing. In Malegaon. since the yarn manufacturers are Hindus and the weavers are Muslims, this tension between the two can easily take a communal form.

234 Power looms in Malegaon

Malegaon. with 89,000 looms, mostly managed by Muslims, is drenched deep in recession. The raw material including yarn and warp which are supplied by the companies like Reliance, Biria group and a number of Gujarat companies. About 4.00,000 people in the tow n are dependent on the power loom industry. The loom owners are incurring a loss of Rs. 50 lakhs each day as the profit margin had fallen from Rs 1 to 5 to 10 paise per meter, since fifty lakh meters of cloth is prepared here everyday. Besides, exporters to city weavers have also affected the workers who get 15 to 20 per cent of their salary every week due to late payment. The supply of raw material from Gujarat and semi finished goods dispatched from Malegaon to Gujarat. The whole economy of Malegaon depends on the power loom business.

The Status of power loom industry in Malegaon

1. Most of the weaving units are equipped with ordinary over-pick looms having width ranging from 52 inch to 60 inch without any auxiliary motions.

2. The common size of the looms is varying from 8 looms to 48 looms, with improper layout and lighting arrangements. 3. Though in some units looms driven with individual motors are seen, group drive is also found in the city. The general mechanical conditions of the looms are found satisfactory in the city. 4. Wooden healed frames mounted with twisted healed wires and pitch bound reeds are used in most of the units. High grain metallic fillet on every role is used irrespective of the quality produced and so is the case for temple assembly that is the small width roller temples are used.

Application of spreader roll before emery roll is not generally observed. 5. Though the units are producing wide range of products varying from coarse count heavy verities to very fine value added items like sarees. dress material, handkerchiefs, yarn dyed sorts, using cotton blended and 100% polyester yarn, the most common variety is cambric. 6. In spite of the availability of genetic skills for cloth production, the quality level is not satisfactory when compared to the international level. The common fabric defects like crack; thick-thin place, extended end, float etc. are found abundantly in the cloth, which is produced

on the looms virtually without any controls. 7. The warping and the sizing units are simply serving the job of converting the yarn into a wavers beam. The warping machines are local make wit moderate speed of maximum 250 m. per minute. These machines do not have an> devices to produce quality beams. The sizing machines are either old slashes or converted ones, which is not carried out systematically.

235 8. No attention is paid for cooking appropriate size mixture. Further no quality inspection regarding the ingredients and the quality of sized yarn is seen in the units.

9. Most of the looms are old, second hand purchased from Mumbai and Ahmedabad Mills. Some

common names are Gwalior. Texmao, Dickinson, and Cooper etc. The looms are loose reed type without brake motion. Production of medium and fine count sorts in a medium reed, pick range is suitable on these looms.

10. The units if attached with winding machines, they are of Hatex type simple pirn winding machines. The pirn made of plastic or metal having 7-inch length. 11. In many cases the wooden Heald frame condition is far from satisfactory.

12. The weavers and jobbers are not quality conscious and require quality awareness programme. 13. Most of the power loom owners only cater the local needs.

14. For the quality of the cloth, the weavers depend upon the quality of yarn. 15. The weavers change the quality very frequently as per the changes in the demand pattern 16. The most of the sheds have inadequate illuminations. 17. The weavers very often get the fabric defects in the yarn supplied such as starting marks, cracks, thick places and extended ends, uneven pick spacing and bumping marks. These defects affect the quality of their output.

The work of improvement in the present condition of power looms by resorting to modernization is not a simple task as the types of fabric produced differ widely and this is an important factor in planning the modernization process.

Table 5.6: Malegaon Power ]oom industry at a Glance N o. Particulars N u m b er Industrial Structure 1 Number of power loom units 24,000 2 Number of registered power looms 7 8,346 3 Number of conventional looms (95%) 74,446 4 Number of semi-automatic power looms 300 5 Number of Shuttle less looms Nil 6 Number of Daubies installed 3,100 7 Number of Electronic Jacquard Nil 8 Number of Mechanical Jacquard 500 9 Units up to 4 looms 12,000 10 Units up to 12 looms 8,000 11 Units 12 looms and above 4 ,000 12 Self production units 35% 13 Units dependent on Master Weavers 65% 14 Number of power loom co-operative societies 98 15 Number of Industrial Societies 2 16 Number of Co-operative Spinning Mill 1 17 Number of independent Warping units 150 18 Number of independent sizing units N il 19 Number o f sizing and warping units 125

236 20 Texturizing, Twisting and Winding units 2+15 21 Number of hand processing units 2 Number of power loom co-operative societies in 22 Nil Maiegaon processing units Raw-material 23 Type of yam used 100% cotton PV. PC, 100% Roto Yam (PFY) 24 Count Deners used 10 to 80 counts, 80 deners 25 Maximum Counts. Deners used 20 to 40. and 80 deners NTC, South India (Coimbtore), NTC Mumbai, Dhulia, Indira Sahakari Soot Girni Vardha, Maiegaon Co­ 26 Sources of yam procurement operative Spinning Mill, Bhusawal. Polyester Yam from Reliance. L ab ou r Number of power loom co-operative societies in 27 8 0,000 Maiegaon loom workers 28 Average Number of Workers per power loom unit 29 In W arping 300 30 In Composite (Sizing and Warping) 1,250 31 In Processing units 15 32 General level of Education 8"’ Class -> JJ Percentage of workers and weavers with formal training 1 M a rk etin g Product profile of Coloured Sarees. Grey Sarees, Poplin, Coloured Lungies (Blended, 34 Fabrics Polyester and cotton). Cambric and 100% synthetic and its blends 35 Weekly off Friday Prominent Shortage o f raw materials, Electricity shortage. Poor inventory. Lack of 36 problem s systematic marketing system. Absence of adequate finance. 37 Efficiency Overall 65%. Night shift 50% Quality Parameters Fabric Count o f 38 Reed Picks W idth W ar/W eft 39 Poplin 60, 70, 78 48 38 34 40Cambric 48 47 34 41 Roto (Polyester) 60, 58 48/48 46/38 80D/80D 42 Market Profile Domestic market 43 Marketing channel Local Adhtiyas E xp orts 44 Exports Indirect exports 45 Number of direct exporters J 46 Number of indirect exporters 1000 47 Number of PEE quota holders 227 48 Number or PEE quota exporters 10 Electricity 49 Power supply Insufficient, Erratic 50 Power Tariff Rs. 320 per loom per month 51 Water Supply Poor Ware-housing 52 Transport facility Road Transport. Good 53 Route Bombay Agra Road. N H No.3 54 Ware housing facility A vailable 55 Seaport/ Air ports/ Containers depots N il F acilities 56 Power loom Service Center One 57 Testing Facility Industrial Society. Maiegaon P op u lation 58 Muslims 75% Hindues 25%

237 Segment Classification 59 Weaving by Muslims Cloth trading Hindues F u tu re 60 Textile Park Proposed Source: Compiled by the researcher

The State Government disallowed Octrio. Still it is imposed on in Corporations localities. Municipalities have no Octrio in the State. The above two tables show the amount of Octrio collection in Malegaon. Out of the total collection, around 75% collection is from power loom sector including its raw material, finished goods and other accessories. This shows the importance of power loom industry in Malegaon.

Power loom and revenue to the Malegaon Municipal Corporation:

1. Octrio Collection

Tab e 5.7: Octrio collection by the Municipality of the Malegaon Total Octrio No. Y ear Octrio from the Power looms Rs. 1 1988-89 5.61.86,194 4.21.39,645 2 1989-90 6,40,47,738 4,80,35,803 3 1990-91 6.60.84.203* 4.95.63.152 4 1991-92 6.55.09.355 5.10.97,296 5 1992-93 8.02,57.095 6.09.95,392 6 1993-94 8,92,78,831 6,69,59,123 7 1994-95 10,89,03.175 8.27,66,409 8 1995-96 10,69,15.037 8,44,62,873 9 1996-97 8,82,36,603 6,97,06,916 10 1997-98 9,55,10,390 7,16,32,792 11 1998-99 10,82,00,000** 8,43,96,000 12 Apr-99 86,20.134 67,23,705 13 May 99 to Nov 02 No Octrio 0 14 Nov02-0ct03 15.55,00.786*** 12.44.44.620 15 2003-04 18,80,00,000 14,10,00,000 16 2004-05 22,48,00,000^ 16,50,36,000 15 2005-06 26,48,10,000^^ 19,86,07,500 Source: Malegaon Municipaliry ^ The details of this figure: Total Octrio: Rs. 6,60,84,001) Octrio from cotton bales: Rs. 4,95,63,000 ( 5” o of the total) No of hales 82,60,000 Total raw cotton purchased (Kg) 41,30,25,000 Total (^loih I’roduction (Mtrs) 5,16,28,12,50(1 ■' There was no OctrKj benveen 1' May 10<)9 to 1' November 2002 • ' ■ The Malegaon Municipaliry had given contract to the “Anas & Co.” to collect ( )ctrio. " 'The actual'proposal was'of r I 25,22,0(1,(100 T he amount approved by the Mlg. corporation subject to quotations from the contractors.

238 Table 5.8: Subsidy to Malegaon Municipality by State Government

No. Year Am ount

1 April 2002 to 3P‘ October 2002 13.04.00.000

2 I '^' April 1999 to 3P ‘ March 2000 12,61.00.000 -> P' April 2000 to 31^' March 2001 13,88.00.000

4 April 2001 to 31stMarch 2002 14,93.00.000

Source: Malegaon Municipalir\-

2. Excise Collection

Table 5.9: Excise collection in Malegaon

N o. Year From A m ount For

1 • Malegaon Coop. Spinning Mills 1,33,58,000 Cotton Y am • Nasik District Coop. Mills 2000-2001 • Jijamata Cop. Mills • Lakhotiya Textiles 3 ,8 2,000 Polyester yarn • Advance Fibres 2 • Malegaon Coop. Spinning Mills 1.58,29,000 Cotton Yarn • Nasik District Coop. Mills 2001-2002 • Jiiamata Cop. Mills • Lakhotiya Textiles 11,09.000 Polyester yarn • Advance Fibres • Malegaon Coop. Spinning Mills 1.14,47,000 Cotton Yarn • Nasik District Coop. Mills

20 0 2 -2 0 0 3 • Jijamata Cop. Mills • Lakhotiya Textiles 11,6 8 ,0 0 0 Polyester yarn • Fortune Fibers • Liberty Textiles 4 • Malegaon Coop. Spinning Mills 1,42,59,000 Cotton Yarn • Nasik District Coop. Mills

20 0 3 -2 0 0 4 • Jiiamat Cop. Mills • Lakhotiya Textiles 2 3 .1 9 .0 0 0 Polyester yarn • Fortune Fibers • Liberty Textiles Source: llie office of the Excise, Malegaon

T a ble 5.10: Detai s about the distribution of the collected excise Y ear P rod u ct A m o u n t Y ear P rod u ct A m o u n t Cotton Yam 17,57,000 2 002-2003 Cotton Yarn 2000-2001 Polyester 4 9 ,000 P olyester 14.97.000 Yarn Y am 1.50.000 Cotton Yarn 20 ,7 1 ,0 0 0 Polyester 1,44.000 Cotton Yarn 18.49.000 200 1 -2 0 0 2 2 003-2004 Y am P olyester 3 .08.000 Y am Source: The office of the Excise, Malegaon

239 In addition to the Octrio. the Malegaon Excise department collects good amount from the Malegaon co-operative Spinning Mill and other units. The figures shown above are the collection for cotton and polyester yarns.

Power-loom co-operative societies in Malegaon:

Chart 5.1; Power loom Co-operative Societies in Malegaon Taluka

120 103

100

80

60

40

20

0 Yeola Malegaon Satana Sinner Niphad Kalvan Total

□ No. Of power-loom co-operative societies a No. Of co-operative Spinning Mills

Source: Office o f the Deputy Registrar, Malegaon.

Table 5.11: Power loom Co-operative Societies in Malegaon Talu ka Name No. Of power-loom co­ No. Of co-operative operative societies Spinning Mills Yeola 04 GO M alegaon 98 02 Satana 00 01 Sinner 01 00 Niphad 00 01 Kalvan 00 01 Total 103 05 Source: Office o f the Deputy Registrar. Malegaon.

Malegaon is known as the city of Power looms. The appro.ximate number of power looms in the taluka Malegaon is one lakhs. In Taluka Malegaon since 1948 total one hundred and fifty one (151) societies have been registered out of which 53 have already been either closed or liquidated. Today ninety-eight, (98) power-loom co-operative societies are live in the city.

Table 5.12: Active Power oom Co-operative Societies in Malegaon No Name of Societies Chairman’s name A d d resses 1. The Pakka Rang Sadi Utpadak Khalil Ahmed S.No. 160/1, Nayapura, Co.-op. Ind. Society Ltd. Mlg.. M d. S h a b a n Usman Manzil Mlg. 2. Ansar Power loom Owner's Co-op. M.Ilyas M. Husian S.No.40. Agra Road

^ The Deput>' Director o f Handlooms and power looms, Bandra. Mumbai. 240 Ind. Society Ltd. M lg.. Husain Compound Mlg.. J. Adarsh power loom Owner's Co-op. Nehal Ah. Quari M. Kohinoor Ice Factory Compound Society Ltd. Mlg.. Husain Agra Road, Mlg.. 4. Janata Power loom Owner's Co-op. Md. Jalal Md.Sabir Gulshan-e-Jalai, Society Ltd. Mlg. Agra Road, Mlg.. 5. New development POCS ladle. Daulatullah Md. Yasin S.No.145, SardarNagar, Mlg. 6. National POCS ltd Mlg. Ashfaque Md.Ismail Nadir Manzil, Nayapura, Mlg. 7. Bharat Power loom Owner’s Co-op. Nehal Ahmed Md. C/o Miyanji sizing , Sardar Society Ltd. Mlg. Sadique Nagar, Mlg.. 8. The Star POCS ltd Mlg.. Md. Yusuf Ab.Hameed C/o Mohammadan sizing. Mlg.. 9. Maratha POCS ItdMlg.. Shamsuddin A Hafeez. Lane No.8, Nayapura, Mlg.. 10. Shakeel POCS ltd Mlg.. Ab.Qayyum Haji Nayapura, Haji Kallu A b.M ajeed Bld,M lg.. 11 A-One Power loom Owner’s Co- Md. Sadique Md. Lane No. 4 Nayapura, Mlg. op.Society Ltd. Mlg. Y u su f 12. Ajit POCS ltd M lg. Md. Yusuf Md, Ishaque Lane No, Nayapura, Mlg. 13. Sada Sukhi powerloom Owner’sCoop Shaikh Haroon Shaikh MullaBada ,Mlg. 14. Musawat POCS ltd Mlg. Shaikh Shamsulhuda Md. AM Road. Islampura, Shamsudduha M lg. 15. Sangam POCS ltd Mlg. Ab. Sattar Md. Ilaneef Near Nandi Bunglow, Khairabad.Mlg.. 16. Small POCS ltd Mlg. Mukhtar Ah. Md. 1 H Daryai Bid, 3^“* Lane, islampura. 17. Jamea POCS ltd M lg. Nizamuddin Md. S.No.l49/2bB,P.No. 32, Farroque Abdullah Nagar, Mlg.. 18. Moti Power loom Owner’s Co-op Shabbir Ah. Md. Sabir Moti Talab, Mlg.. 19. Helal POCS ltd Mlg. Md,Umar Ab. Qadir, H.No.l 131, Ansar,Road, Mlg. 20. Usmaniya POCS ltd Mlg. Shafique Ah. Kamal Usman Manzil, Ahm ed Nayapura, Mig. 21. Premier POCS ltd Mlg. Sayyed Asif Sayyed C S.No.l58, Nayapura Ward. 22. Pratima Power loom Owner’s Co-op Azizur Rehamn Md. S.No.2, P. No,5,Old Agra Society Ltd. Mlg. Usman R o a d , M lg. 23. Mahalaxmi POCS ltd Mlg. Shrilal Devilal Sharma Industrial estate , Sayne Badruk. 24. Chandni POCS ltd Mlg. Sabir Salamat H.No. 1155, Islampura, Mlg.. 25. Nirmal Power loom Owner’r Co-op Md. Mustafa H.No. 36407, Shaniwar Ward, Society Ltd. Mlg.. Noorulhuda M lg.. 26. Delux POCS ltd Mlg.. Md. Hanif Md. Ilyas S.No. 152,P. No. 78, Nayapura. 27. Priya Darshni Power loom Owner’s Khalid LatifMd. S.No.21, P.No.42,Agra Road ., Co-op Society Ltd. Mlg.. ishaque M lg.. 28 Reliance POCS ltd Mlg. Md. Haroon Md. Sabir S,No. 18/6 , Agra Road , Mlg. 29. Shantidoot POCS ltd, Mlg.. Md. Amin Ab. S.N o. 145, P. N o. 50, Sardar Hameed Nagar, Mlg.. 30. Roopmati Power loom Owner's Co­ Md. Yasin, Md . Amin S. N o., 21 , P.No. 51. Agra op Society Ltd. Mlg. Road, Mlg.. 31. Bindiya POCS ltd Mlg. Rafique Ahmed Ab. G. S,No.21, P.No 134. Mominpura. 32. Al-noor POCS ltd Mlg.. Barkatullah Samiullah S.No. 145 , Sami sizing , Mlg.. 33. Chandramukhi POCS ltd Mlg. Ab.Qayyum Ab. Qadir S.No.794/33 , Rasoolpur, 34. Rajlaxmi POCS ltd Mlg.. Md.Ishaque Md. Nazir S.No. 152, Nadir Manzil, Mlg. 35. Prabhat Power loom co-operative Anwar Ah. Ab. Aziz S.No. 157,P.No.96. Mlg. societies in Malegaon loom Owner's C o-op 36. Boat POCS ltd M lg. Ansari Gulab Ahmed Yad-e-Quraishi Manzil, Mlg.. 37. NavBahar Power loom Owner’s Co­ Md.Hanif Md. S.No.798, P.No.55, Islamabad, op Society Ltd. Mlg.. Sulem an. M ig.. 38. New India POCS ltd Mlg.. Md. Ilyas Taj Md. C/o Taj M edical, Quidwai Road 39. Shaheen Powerloom Owner’s Co- op Akhlaque 11,12. Near Moti Talab, Mlg.. 40. Kaulana Powerloom Owner’s Co- Op Pawan Kumar Ranglal H. No. 354, Budhwar peth.

241 41. Kalpana Powerloom Owner's Co- op. Md. Ayyub Md. 83.Near Moti Talab Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Rafique 42. Commander Powerloom Owner’s Usman Gani Md. Ilyas S.No. 158.P. No. 16. Nayapura, Co-op. Sociey Ltd. Mlg.. M lg.. 43. Gemini Powerloom Owner's Co- op. Jameei Ah. Ab. Gaffar h. N o.72. Khushamadpura. M lg.. Society Ltd.Mlg.. 44. Shahzad Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Sadique Ab. Khalique 215/2,P.No. 34,1 lakim Nagar, Society Ltd. Mlg.. M lg.. 45. Chandan Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Mehmood Md. Yusuf S.No. 40, Agra Road. Mlg. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 46. Sunrise Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Khursheed Ah. 157,Budhwar ward, Mlg. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Shabbir Ah. 47. Nobel Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Ab. Raheem Ab. Sattar. 228,Mangalwar Ward, Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 48. Sujata Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Md. Ismail Md. Nazir s. No. 17,Momin Pura, Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 49. Kohinoor Powerloom Owner's Co- A b.Razaque Mirza Ghalib Road , Kohinoor op.Society Ltd. Mlg.. Ab. Raheman Textile, Mlg.. 50. Roxi Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. M ushtaque Momin pura, Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Ah. Md. Ishaque 51. Crompton Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Siraj Ah. Md . Mustafa S.No. 152, P.No.14, Nayapura, op. Society Ltd. M lg.. M lg.. 52. Deenar Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Ab. Majeed Md.Haneef S.No. 158,Hakim Nagar,Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 53. Rahemat Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Khalid Latif Ab. Sattar Near Nandi Bunglow, Society Ltd. Mlg.. K hairabad, M lg.. 54. Rubi Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Ab. Rasheed Ab.Salam S.No. 18,P.No.3,Agra Road, Society Ltd. Mlg. . M lg.. 55. Royal Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Zafarullah Niamatullah Amin Sizing . S.No. 132.Plot Society Ltd. Mlg.. No. 1 .Golden Nagar .Mlg.. 56. ShriKrishna Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Murlidhar Shankarlal P.Nagaon, Tal. Mlg. . op. Society Ltd.Mlg.. Parekh 57. Vikas Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Zakir Husian Md. S .N o. 18 /5 ,P .N o .6 /1 ,A gra Road, Society Ltd. Mlg.. M ustafa M lg.. 58. Anand Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Kantadevi Nathmal Azad Chowk, Sarda Nivas, Society Ltd. M lg.. Sarda M lg.. 59. Sumeet Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Badri Narayan Tapade Kaulana, Tal. M lg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 60. Humera Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Md. husain Md.Basheer Shaida Meerthi. Ayesha Nagar, Society Ltd. Mlg. M lg.. 61. Moonlight Powerloom Owner's Co­ Mustafa Md.Ismail S.No.l8,P.No.lO, Islampura, op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. M lg.. 62. Patel Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Mahendra Gangaram Soyegaon, Tal.Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Patel 63. Colour Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Saleem Ah. Ab.Aziz H.No.522, Islampura, Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg. 64. Azmi Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Md.Daud Iqbal Ahmed M.H.B. colony Mlg.. Society Ltd. M lg.. 65. Aarti Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Shafique Shabbir 140, Sungameshwar, Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Ansari 66. Naya Daur Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Pawan Kumar Dault H.No. 135, Shaniwar Ward, op. Society Ltd. Mlg. . Raj Jain Tilak Road, Mlg.. 67. Mlg. Momin Powerloom Owner’s Nehal Ahmed S.No.93.P.No.28.Jafar Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Md.Haroon Ansari Nagar.Mlg.. 68. Jyoti Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Ab.Rahim Ab. Rashid S.No. 158, P.No.25, Hakim Society Ltd. Mlg.. Nagar. Mlg.. 69. Shadab Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Shafique Shabbir 140, Sangameshwar. Mlg.. 242 S ociety Ltd. Ml}>.. Ansari 70. Empire Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Masood Ahmed H.No.852,13"' Lane. Nayapura. Society Ltd. MIg.. Md. Siddique M lg.. 71. Parivartan Powerloom Owner's Co­ Purshottam Gopal Joshi H.No. 1 113, Mauwadi Lane, op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. M lg. Camp. 72. Prema Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Laxman Vedu Patil C/o Maratha Darbar Hotel, opp. Society Ltd. Mlg.. SBI, M lg.. 73. Ankur Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Jalil Ahmed Ghulam S.No.164, P.No. 164, Islampura Society Ltd. Mlg.. A hm ed M lg.. 74. Khyshboo Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Md. Iliyas Nabi Bux S.No.l64,P.No.89, Abbas op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Nagar, Mlg.. 75. Mehndi Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Md. Hadi Abdullah H.No.555,Guruwar Society Ltd. Mlg.. Ward, Mlg.. 76. Universal Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Md. Saleem Md.Abbas H.No.829, Nayapura, Mlg.. op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 77. Aaqib Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Lai Mohammed Yar S.No.132, P.No.65,Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. M ahamm ed 78. Shabnam Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Ab.Lateef Ab. Salaam S .No.23,P.No.65. Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 79. Laxmi Narayan Powerloom Owner’s Puroshottam Madanlal H.No.239,Budhwar Ward, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. . Jajoo M lg.. 80 GimaPowerloom Owner’s Co-op. Mehmood Khalil S.No.143, P.No.85,Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Ahm ed 81. Rahul Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Satya Narayan Durga Nevetiya Mahalaxmi Hsg. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Dutt society , Mlg.. 82. Tawakkal Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Md.Ismail Mushtaque H.No.290,lslampura,Mlg.. op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. A hm ed 83. Shiv Yug Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Shashi S. Hire Savitri, M.G.Road,opp.LIC Society Ltd. Mlg.. M lg.. 84. Ansari Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Ahmed Md. Yaqoob 397, Mhada Plot ,Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 85. Dipti Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Barkatullah Samiullah S.No.92/46,Jafar Nagar, Society Ltd. Mlg.. M lg.. 86. Saptashringi Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Kishore Bhaurao Dahiwad, Tal. Mlg.. op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Thorat 87. Navkiran Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Babu Murlidhar Kadam Gat No. 153, P.N0.4,Dyane Society Ltd.Mlg.. T al.M lg.. 88. Universal Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Md. Saleem Md.Abbas H.No.829, Nayapura, Mlg.. op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 89. Ruturaj Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Rajendra Keshav Sonje Gat No. 153,P.No.6,Dyane Society Ltd. Mlg. Tal. M lg.. 90. Jairaj Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Mohan Dharam Patil Gat No. 152/1, Dyane Tal. Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 91. Vishal Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Kedu Arjun Patil GatNo.153, Dyane Tal. Mlg. Society Ltd. Mlg.. 92. Ujwal Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Sharad Mahendrarao Gat.No. 152,Dyane Tal. Mlg. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Pawar 93. Mahendra Powerloom Owner’s Co­ Sanjay Mahendrarao Alpik Finance, Putala, op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Pawar M lg.. 94. Yogesh Powerloom Owner’s Co-op. Narmadaben Mahendra C/o S.C.Amin,Tilak Road, Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Kumar 95. Gaurav Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Jugal Kishore P.No.54,Dyane, Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg. Bhagwandas Jhanvar 96. Sagar Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Ashok Bhika Lathar Gat. No.57,P.No.30. Dyane Society Ltd. Mlg.. M lg. 97. Yadav Powerloom Owner's Co-op. Budharam Tikori S.N 0.23.P.N 0.4, Dyane Mlg.. Society Ltd. Mlg. Yadav 243 98 New Guide Powerloom Owner's Co­ Ansari Md. Mustafa Sangmeshw'ar, Maiegaon op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Md. Y u su f 1. The Industrial Co-op. Association Abdul Hameed Ansari Quiddwai Road, Mlg.. Ltd. 2, The Nasik Dist. Power loom Co­ Nehal Ahmed Maulvi S.No.18/2, Hamid Ghode Wala operative societies' so-operative Md. Usman Compound , Old Agra Road, Federation Ltd. M lg.. Source: Office o f the registrar o f co-operative societies, Maiegaon.

The above table indicate that in Maiegaon, there are 98 power loom co-operative societies and 2 Co-operative Federations. All the 98 societies are power loom owner's co-operative societies and not power loom co-operative societies.

Table 5.13: Position of the power-loom co-operative societies in Maiegaon N o Particulars Details

1 Power loom Societies 98

2 Total members 3,980

J Members Share Capital Rs. 92.03 Lakhs

4 Total Power looms 8,740

A. Member’s Power Looms 8,6 92

B. Society’s Power Looms 48

5 Government Share Capital 1:2

A. Number of Societies 37

B. Sancdon Amount Rs. 28.32 Lakhs

Source: Office of the registrar of co-operative societies, Maiegaon.

Two types of Power loom co-operative societies

❖ The small weavers pool their resources and form a society, which acquires all the assets including the power looms, factory shed etc. in the name of the society. ❖ The power loom owners having their own factory sheds form a co-operative society and all transactions are made in the name of society. They want to yield economies of bulk.

In Maiegaon, all the societies are power loom owner’s co-operative societies.

The Government Share Capital Loan of Rs. 28.32 lakhs (in 1:2 Scheme) is given to 37 power-loom co-operative societies, out of which 13.20 lakhs have been recovered from 16 power- loom co-operative societies and Rs.15.12 lakhs is outstanding from 21 power-loom co-operative societies. In Taluka Maiegaon, two (2) power-loom co-operative societies were given Work Shed

244 Loan (Processing Unit) under N C D C scheme, and five (5) power-loom co-operative societies are given Government Share Capital Loan under N C D C scheme.

Table 5.14: Area wise registration of power-loom co-operative societies in Malegaon No. Name of the area Number of societies Percentage to total 1 Islampura 40 26.85

2 Nayapura 26 17.45 -i j D ayane 14 9.4 4 A gra Road 11 7.38

5 Sardar Nager 5 3.36

6 Rasoolpura 5 3.36

7 M HB C olony 5 3.36

8 Golden Nager 4 2.68

9 Hakeem Nager 4 2.68

10Mominpura 4 2.68

11 Sangmeshwar J 2.01

12 Jafer Nager J 2.01

13 Khadda Jeen 2 1.34

14 Islamabad 2 1.34

15 Khushamadabad 2 1.34

16 N aya Islampura 2 1.34

17 Malegon Camp 2 1.34

18 Abbas Nager 2 1.34

19Chuna Bhatti 1 0.67

20 A zad N ager 1 0.67

21 Jawhar C how k I 0.67

22 Saina 1 0.67 23 Kaulana 1 0.67

24 Aisha Nager 1 0.67

25 Soegaon 1 0.67 26 Kareem Nager 1 0.67

27 Others 5 3.36 Total 149 100 Source: Primary data

Year Total Share Capital (Rs.) Total No. Of Average Share Societies Capital 2000 to 2005 1,07,80,000 98 1,10,000 Source: Registrar of co-operative societies

The above table the average share capital of power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon is only Rs. 1,10,000 which means these co-operative societies are not big societies.

245 It is observed from the Table that the power loom owner's co-operative societies in

Malegaon have been registered in nearly all the areas of the city. As good as 30 localities have the existence of the power loom owners co-operative societies in Malegaon. Out of these the highest number of societies are in Islampura (40), followed by Nayapura (26), Dayane (14) and Agra Road locality (II). Islampura. Nayapura and the Agra Road are adjacent to each other and are in the heart of the city, in which total 77 societies are registered which accounts for more than 50 percent of the total societies. Dayane is in the suburbs and newly developed area, which also has 11 societies. All the societies in Dayane are registered in the last decade. Apart from concentration of societies in these four localities there are societies in nearly all parts of the city.

Chart 5.2: Year wise registration of power loom co-operative societies

Year wise No of power loom co-operative societies formed

120 ri4 - “1

100

80

60

40 24 20 7 0 1 0 1 1 0 A

S>

Year

Source: Office of the registrar of co-operative societies. Malegaon

No. Year Number of Societies Registered 1 1948-54 01 2 1955-64 — 3 1965-74 24 4 1975-84 03 114 5 1985-94 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 20 10 45 26 06 05 02 6 1995-04 07 Total 149 Source: Office of tiie registrar of co-operative societies, Malegaon 246 The above table and chart clearly highlights that up to 1964 only one co-operative society was registered. But in the next decade up to 1974 24 societies were registered. It was due to the government policy regarding the colored sarees according to which the supply of yarn was made to the societies at controlled prices. In order to avail the benefit the small weavers formed societies. But unfortunately the scheme did not work, and that’s why the weavers did not take interest in the formation of new societies in the next ten years. Only three more societies were formed in the ten years from 1975 to 1984.

Then came the scheme from the NABARD for the financing to the small weavers in the year 1986 and when the small weavers came to know about the loan facility, they started forming the power loom co-operative societies. From 1988 to 1994 as many as 114 societies were registered. In the year 1990 only, 45 societies were incorporated. This was the period in which maximum number of societies came into existence. Then in the next ten years only 7 power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon were formed. In short from 1988 to 1994 most of the societies were registered.

The researcher tries to understand the reasons for the formation of these societies and the reasons for their failure.

Table 5.17: The number of closed societies in Malegaon.

N o. Y ear Number of Societies Closed 1 1948-54 00 2 1955-64 00 -> J 1965-74 10 4 1975-84 01 38 S'' 1985-94 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 3 6 13 12 2 2 0 6 1995-04 00 T otal 49 Source: Office o f the registrar o f co-operative societies. Malegaon

Table 5.18: Power loom co-operative societies closed since 1978

N S ociety Registration Date Chairman Address 0 1 Ashok power-loom co­ NSK/MLG/PR 3/10/ Parlhadrai B. Khadda Jeen. operative societies Ltd. D (l)/117/1966 1966 Sharina Malegaon.2225 T e l ;2 2 2 3 1 8 68 2 Azad Povverloom Owner's NSK/MLG/PR 16/03/ Khurseed Ahmed 417, Shaniwar Co-op. Society Ltd. Mig. D(l)/127/1970 1970 Yaqub Doman Ward, Mlg.. Ph:230583 j Unity Povverloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 0 3 /0 8 / Nehal Ahmed Golden nagar, Mlg. Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. D(l)/173/1073 1972 Ab. Gaffar 4 Yantramag Dharak NSK/MLG/PR 24/07/ Muzaffar Husain Chuna Bhatti, Mlg.. w Powerloom Owner’s Co­ D(I)/I41/1972 1972 Nisar Husain Ph:223386. op. Socicty Ltd. Malcgaon 5 Hind Powerloom Owners' NSK/MLG/PR 30/10/ Siraj Ahmed Noor Electronics, co-op. Society Ltd. Male D(l)/147/I972 1972 Ab Khalique near Anjuman, gaon Mlg.. 6 Lokseva power-loom co­ NSK/MLG/PR 30/10/ Farooque Ahmed P. No. 18 Hakeem operative societies Mlg. D(l)/148/72 1972 Usman Gani Nager, Mlg.. 7 Akash Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 03/11/ Iqbal Ahmed 400, LaneNo.8, Owners’ Co-op. Society D(l)/I49/1972 1972 Haji Noor Nayapura, Mlg.. Ltd. Mlg. Mohammed 8 Sarvoday Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 26/4/ M. Ibrahim Haji C/o Afsar Sizing, Owners’ D(l)/164/1973 1973 Ahmed Lateef Azad Nager. Mlg.. Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 9 Citizen Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 4/5/ Shabbir Ahmed S.No 702, Owners’ D(l)/167/1973 1973 Gulam Rasool Khushamadpura, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg.. Mlg.. 10 Maharashtra power-loom NSK/MLG/PR 11/12/ Rafique Nazeeri Next to Jyoti lodge. Owners’ Co-op. Society D(l)/] 53/1972 1973 Mlg,. Ltd. Mlg.. II Inian Overseas Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 29/11/ Shivratan Bihani Mahta Building, Owner’s Co-op. Society D(l)/209/1975 1975 Keshrichand Vanikar Lane, Mlg.. Ltd. 12 Grahasti Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 26/5/ Mukhtar Ahmed S. No. 224, P. No. Owners’ 0(1)426/1988 1988 M. Mutruza 165 Guruwar Ward Co-op Society Ltd. Mlg. Mlg.. 13 Allama Iqbal power-loom NSK/MLG/PR 30/9/ M. Hasan Usman 156, Raviwar Ward, Owner’s Co-op. Society D(I)/43I/I988 1988 Gani ansari Mlg.. 14 Gandhi Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 2/11/ Haroom Md. S.No. 145, P. Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)433/1988 1988 Hanccf No.,92-93, Sardar Ltd. Malcgaon Nager, Mlg.. 15 Apsara Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 24/1/ Sabbir Ahmed Ravivar Ward Mlg. Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)424/1989 1989 M. Ishaque Ltd. Malgaon 16 Khalifa Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 9/5/ M. Arman M. 91, Arab Chowk, Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)447/1987 1989 Ayyub Nayapura, Mlg.. Ltd. Malgaon 17 Sandeep Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 9/5/ Mohemmed S.No, 19, P. No. 16. Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)448/1989 1989 Hasan Yahya Mominpra Mlg.. Ltd. Mlg. 18 Khatoon Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 10/5/ Shaikh Matleen 534, MHB Colony, Owners' Co-op. Society 0(1)450/1989 1989 Shaikh Sandu Mlg. Ltd. Mlg. 19 Regal Powerloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 7/12/ Shakeel Ahmed 790, MHB colony, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 0(1)452/1989 1989 Abdul Rasheed Agra Road, Mlg.. 20 Meghdoot poer-loom NSK/MLG/PR 28/2/ Hansmukh Bhai Oayane, Mlg. Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)453/1989 1989 Ramji Bhai Ltd. Mlg. 21 Amer Powerloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 28/2/ Husain Abdul S.No. 92A, PNo. 6, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 0(1)458/1990 1990 Hameed Jafer Nager, Mlg. 22 Omdrouamo pwer;pp, NSK/MLG/PR 5/3/ Mohammed Ilyas S. No. 794/30, Pwmers’ 0(1)459/1990 1990 Mohammed Raviwarward Umer Rasoopura Mlg. 23 Master Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 5/3/ Nihal Ahmed M. 438, Islampura Mlg. Owners' 0(1)460/1990 1990 Basheer Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 24 Suraj Powerloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 5/3/ Abdul Majeed S.No.40, Agra road, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 0(1)461/1990 1990 M. Haroon Husan Compound,

248 Mlg.. 25 Karwan Powerloom NSK/M LG/PR 6/3/ Iqbal Ahmed 880, Islampura Mlg. Owners’ 0(1)464/1990 1990 Abdul Rahman Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 26 Chandrama Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 6/3/ Mohammed S. No. 156, P. No. Owners’ Co-op. Society D (1)465/1990 1990 Ayyub 30, Naya Pura Mlg. Ltd. Mlg. Nizamuddin 27 Krishna Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 6/3/ Zaheer Ahmed 1255, Islampura Owners’ 0(1)466/1990 1990 Wahiduzzaman Malcgaon Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 28 Sardar Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 14/6/ Monis Ahmed S. No. 24/1, Owners’ 0(1)481/1990 1990 Hameed Hasan Islampura Mlg. Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 29 Swadeshi Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 4/8/ Fashi Alam Sarda Niwas, Azad Owners’ 0(1)488/1990 1990 Munir Chowk, SAniwar Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. Ahmed Ward, Mlg.. 30 Amer Powerloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 28/9/ Budha Dodhu Khadda Jeen, Mlg. Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 0(1)489/1990 1990 Mali 31 Guide Powerloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 28/10/ A. Hameed M. Sangmeshwar, Co-op. Society Ltd Mlg. 0(1)492/1990 1990 ishaque Swata Chowk, Mlg.. 32 Garden Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 26/10/ Mustafa Abdul 676, Nayapura, Mlg. Owners’ 0(1)494/1990 1990 Rasheed Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. Apsara Golden power­ NSK/MLG/PR 14/11/ Shiakh Saeed S. No. 29/2, P. loom Owners’ Co-op. 0(1)495/1990 1990 Ahmed No.71-72 Society Ltd. Mlg. Tashkand Baug. 34 Bahar Powerloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 29/1/ Sanjay Malhar S.N o.93,P.N o. 36, Co-op Society Ltd. Mlg. 0(1)498/1991 1991 Pol Jafer Nager Mlg.. 35 Roshan Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 28/2/ M. Jafer Peer 2, Sayyed Shopping Owners’ 0(1)503/1991 1991 Mohammed Center, Karim Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. Nager, Mlg. 36 Hakeem Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 22/4/ Abdul Rasheed 485, Hudco Colony, Owners’ 0(1)506/1991 1991 Abdul Hakeem Islampura Mlg. Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 37 Shagufta Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 22/4/ Shaikh M. Iqbal Kusumba Road, Owners’ 0(1)507/1991 1991 Mlg.. Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 38 Gold Medal Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 23/4/ Fayyaz Ahmed S. No. 152, Near Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)509/1991 1991 Haji Mohammed Hidustan Sizing, Ltd. Mlg. Nayapura, Mlg. 39 Suleshwari Mata NSK/MLG/PR 10/5/ Jaswant Bhai Oayane Mlg. Powerloom 0(1)/513/1991 1991 Owners’ Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 40 Charminar Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 16/5/ Usman Khan S. No. 167, P. NO. Owners’ Co-op. Society D(l)/514/1991 1991 Mahboob Khan 29, Naya pura Mlg. Ltd. Mlg. 41 Green Bird Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 12/8/ Abdul Gaffar Near Empiro PCS, Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)/520/1991 1991 Noor M. Last Lane, Mlg. Ltd. Mlg. Oolakiya 42 Seema Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 16/9/ Akhlaque Ahmed 39, Bhudhwar Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(l)/522/1991 1991 Mohammed Ward, Mlg. Ltd. Mlg. Haroon 43 Eagle Powerloom Owners' NSK/MLG/PR 20/9/ Ansari Parvez R. S. No. 91, P. No. 2, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. 0 (D/523/1991 1991 M Kamil Jafer Nager Mlg. 44 Silver Bird Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 20/9/ Akhlaque Ahmed S. No. 45, P. No. 2, Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(0/525/1991 1991 Niyaz Ahmed Kusumba Road

249 Ltd. MIg. Mlg. 45 Kamla Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 16/12/ Si raj Ahmed S. No. 224, P. No. Owners’ D(l)/527/l99l 1991 Nizamudiin 208, Guruwar Ward Co-op. Society LtdMlg. Mlg. 46 Rizvi Powerloom Owners’ NSK/MLG/PR 17/6/ Abdul Wakeel 301. Islampura, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. D(l)/530/1992 1992 M. Saeed Mlg. 47 Liberty Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 30/7/ Mahbood llasan S. No. 164, P. No. Owners’ D(l)/532/l992 1992 M. Ismail 64-65, Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. Abbas Nager Mlg. 48 Gandhi Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 2/11/ Haroom Md. S. No. 145, P. Owners’ Co-op. Society 0(1)433/1992 1992 Hanccf N0..92-93, Sardar Ltd. Malegaon Nager, Mlg.. 49 Chander Powerloom NSK/MLG/PR 21/1/ Mukhtar Ahmed S .N o.5I,-l 2, P. Owners’ D(l)/542/l993 1993 Usman Gani No. 34, Naya Co-op. Society Ltd. Mlg. Islampura Mlg. 50 Chandrakala Power-loom NSK/MLG/PR 16/6/ Valmik Rajinder Gatt No.204, P. No. Owners’ Co-op. Society D(l)/549/1993 1993 Ahirey 1,2,3, Dayane Mlg.. Ltd. Mlg. Source: Office of the registrar of co-operative societies. Malegaon

A comparison of the figures in the above two tables show that the maximum numbers of societies (114) were formed during the period of 1988-1994 and maximum numbers of societies (38) were closed during the same period. In the year 1990 only 45 societies were formed and 13 were closed, whereas in 1991 26 societies were formed and 12 were shut down.

Table 5.19: Number of active societies in Malegaon No. Year Number of Live Societies 1 1948-54 01 2 1955-64 01 1965-74 15 4 1975-84 17 93 5 1985-94 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 34 38 70 84 88 91 91 6 1995-04 100* Total 149 Source: Office o f the registrar o f co-operative societies. Malegaon ' Includes 2 industrial societies

It was found that many of the weavers realized that the formation of power loom co­ operative societies was not viable enough to solve their problems. That’s why some of them closed their societies just after six months or one year.

The Table No. Shows number of active societies. As mentioned earlier, the increase in the number of societies was prominent in the years 1990- 1993 because of the NABARD scheme announced for the financing of the power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon.

2 5 0 Chart 5.3: Size-wise power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon

No. Of power loom co-operative Societies

I Medium

□ Small

Source: Office of the registrar of co-operative societies. Malegaon

The chart No shows that out of 98 power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon, 91 are small societies (with less than 100 power looms), only 5 societies are medium sized (with more than 100 but less than 200 hundred power looms) and only two are big (with more than 200 power looms) societies. The small weavers have formed the co-operative societies in Malegaon in order to strengthen their purchasing power and mobilize more resources.

Table 5.20: Size-w se power-loom co-operative societies in Malegaon Particulars Big Societies Medium Small Total Societies Societies No. Of Societies 02 05 91 98 % Of Total 02% 4% 94% 100% Big: More than 200 Medium: More than 100 but less than 200 Small: 100 Looms and Less Source: Office of the registrar of co-operative societies. Malegaon

The above table also explains the fact that in Malegaon majority of weavers are small weavers. In order to survive they tried to unite and form co-operative societies in Malegaon.

Table 5.21: Looms under the co-operative societies fold in Malegaon

Year Total Looms under cooperative fold % Looms not under % Looms cooperative fold

2000 78000* 4591 5.88 73,409 94.12 2001 78,364 5545 7.07 72,819 92.93 2002 82000* 6265 7.64 75,735 92.36 2003 84500* 7668 9.07 76,832 90.93 2004 89000* 8740 9.82 80,260 90.18 Source: The office of the Power loom Service Center. Malegaon. * Estimated figures given by the PCS. Malegaon.

251 In Malegaon. there were 78.364 registered power looms as on 30"' September 2001. But after that as the registration process has stopped, the actual number of power looms in the city could not be found out as a result estimated figures are mentioned in the remaining years.

But the surprising fact is that in none of the years the power looms in the co-operative fold was more than 10 percent. The percentage of power looms in the co-operatives was between 5 percent to 8 percent. It also means that co-operative societies as a whole have not been able to attract the small weavers. Majority of the weavers have not opted for formation of co-operative societies.

Table 5.22; Actual position of the power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon Active Societies Inactive Societies T otal 25 73 98

24% 76% 100%

Source: The office of the registrar of Power loom co-operative societies Malegaon.

Chart 5.4: Actual position of the power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon

Active Societies Dormant Societies

Source; The office of the registrar of Power loom co-operative societies Malegaon.

On paper there are 98 power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon but 73 of them are dormant. These societies are not doing any business at all. Only 25 power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon are doing power loom co-operative business. There are only 8 percent of the power looms in the co-operative fold and out of this only 24 percent are active which means not even 2 percent power looms are in the co-operative fold. Remaining 98 percent looms are doing business individually or by forming private societies called groups.

The below table shows that most important reason for the failure of the co-operative societies was that the weavers belonging to Muslim community refuse to form co-operative societies as the loans are interest based and interest is prohibited in Islam. The second most important reason was the lack of knowledge about co-operative societies. As there is no training institute in Malegaon for co-operative training the small weavers are unaware about the co-operative societies. There is also

2 5 2 after effect of the failure of the existing societies. Many weavers refused to form co-operative societies because they think that the co-operative system is a total failure.

Ta ale 5.23: Reasons why Weavers do not join any of power -loom co-opei No. Reasons % Of Total

1 No Knowledge about the cooperatives 26.85 2 No money to buy the shares 0

3 No expectation from the cooperative societies 4.11 4 Societies indulged in quarrels 2.74 5 Interest being anti-religious 24.38 6 Failure of the existing societies 15.07

7 Failure of the co-operative movement 12.33 8 Do not believe in co-operation 8.77 9 Co-operative societies can not survive in globalize era 2.74 10 Reason not known 3.01 Total 100 Source: Complied by the researcher

All these three important reasons can be solved and the small weavers can be motivated to form co-operative societies. If there is a co-operative societies which is based on interest free financing . the weavers v^ould definitely welcome. The researcher has given such a solution in the topic number 10. A training center can be started by the state in the city, which will not only educate the small weavers but also make their mind follow the co-operatives. These two remedies would snipe out the bad memories from the weaver's mind about the failed co-operative societies.

Social condition of weavers of power-loom co-operative societies

The condition of the workers of the power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon has the following features.

1. The power loom sector works in two shifts of twelve hours each.

2. Every workers looks after two. three or four looms.

3. The workers get weekly payments. 4. The workers are paid by piece rate system that is according to the number of meters cloth

weaved per week. 5. Workers are given advance wages as per the need. 6. The society takes care of the medical needs of the workers. 7. The yearly bonus is called "Hak Raza" which is given at the time of Eid festival. 8. Majority of the workers are permanent who are called "Jatu". The temporary workers are

253 called "Badli" workers.

9. There is no tixed system of appointment and removal. It all depends upon the mutual consent. It either of the two does not want to continue, the worker has to move to another unit for his job.

10. There is no provision for provident fund, pension etc. 11. Friday is weekly off.

12. On some festivals like Eid and Bakri Eid the industry is closed for four to five days. 13. National holidays are not considered as holidays. 14. Majority of the society members and the workers are Muslims.

15. The workers are not highly educated. Their average educational qualification is Std. VII and Std. VIII.

16. There are no female workers on the power loom.

Table 5.24: Dependents of weavers of the power-looni co-operative societies in Malegaon % Being members of a Educational Y ear p o w er loom Main Occupations Qualification cooperative society 2000 79.5 VI Weaving 2001 81.5 VI Weaving 2002 80.0 VI Weaving 2003 82.5 VII Weaving 2004 81.0 VII Weaving Source; Compiled by the researcher

The above table is an indication of the educational backwardness of the small weavers of Malegaon. The weavers families are on a average only Vlth or Vllth standard educated. All the dependents have weaving as main occupation. It was found that in many of the co-operative societies, the family members are the members of the societies. The percentage is too high to be nearly 80 percent.

Table 5.25: Power-loom co-operative societies, Weavers opinion about the future of power loom co-operative societies in Vlalegaon. Points of opinion Power-loom co­ Weavers/ operative societies Members Yes % No% Yes % No% Power loom co-operative societies 67 33 12 88 will survive in the future Cooperatives for small weavers are 85 15 76 24 better option in the era of globalization Power looms will have to come 84 16 81 19 under cooperative fold Source; Compiled by the researcher

254 This table is a clear-cut indication of the mindset of the societies, weaver members and the power loom workers. On the question of survival of power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon in future, only 67% of the societies have favourable answer. 88% of the weaver members gave negative answers regarding the survival of power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon.

But on the question of role of co-operative societies in the era of globalization, the answers seem to be positive as 85% of the societies are in favour of it and 76% of weaver members think that co-operative society is a better option for power loom sector in the globalize period.

One can calculate that if guided properly, and a more suitable system is provided to them, there is a strong hope that the small power loom weavers will form co-operative societies and face the international challenge by uniting their efforts.

When the researcher explained them the co-operative societies mechanism, and its advantages, there was a positive reaction on the issue of whether power loom units will have to form the co-operative societies in future. 84%, 81% of the societies, weavers agreed to the benefits of co-operative societies for power loom sector. This is a healthy sign. If explained properly the merits of co-operative societies, the small weavers might think of forming the co-operative societies in future and reap the benefits from it.

Table 5.26: Societies opinion about the bene Its of co-operative business (%) Benefits Positive Negative Benefits Positive Negative Mutual help 49 51 Time saving 19 81

Financial help 43 57 More social relation 66 34 administrative 22 78 Fast growth of 10 90 guidance business division of work 65 35 Knowledge of 78 22 government policies Higher rate of profits 29 71 Support from banks 54 46 Concession in octrio 79 21 Reduced sales tax 39 61 Reduced rate of 43 57 Convenience in 26 74 interest business Better performance 13 87 Attending seminars 97 03 outstations More credit in the 11 89 Others 45 55 market Source: Compiled by the researcher

The above table shows a sad story. The opinion of the societies are not very positive. The maximum positive answer is about the possibilities ot attending seminars and conferences and knowledge about government policies. They do not think that the co-operative societies are better

2 5 5 than the other forms of business. Regarding the fast growth of business and better performance and administrative guidance, the societies show more negative opinion.

The conclusion from the above table is that the societies in Malegaon could achieve very little success. Only those who know about it they admitted it. If proper publicity would have been done, those favouring would have been more.

As majority of the societies failed in the city, the general opinion about the power loom co­ operative societies in Malegaon was found to be negative. This can be changed with a planned effort.

Table 5.27: Incentives expected by the weavers from power-iloom co-operative societies No. Incentives No of respondents (Compounded %) Co-operative societies must perform better than individual 90 business units Co-operative societies should eam more profit 78 Co-operative societies must protect the interest of the 67 members Co-operative societies should survive in the globalize era 56 Co-operative societies must unite the small weavers Co-operative societies must do social work 12 Co-operative societies must produce good leaders 45 Co-operative societies must establish ethical values 23 Co-operative societies must inculcate the sense of mutual 65 help and benefit______10 Total 100

Source: Compiled by the researcher

As already mentioned earlier, the weavers till date has not understood the advantages of co­ operative societies. They still hold negative opinion about it. On the question of if given an opportunity, whether they will form a co-operative society, they expressed their expectations as shown in the above table.

Their main expectation is that the co-operative societies must perform better than individual business units. It should act as a role model to them. The small weavers are quite unhappy with their position and rewards in the name of government benefits and profits earned by them. Therefore they want more profits if business is done in a co-operative society. Their additional expectations are that the co-operative societies must protect the interest of the members and also indicate that it can survive in the global competition. The\ also want co-operative societies to produce good co­ operative leaders who can guide them in the right direction.

256 But the problem with the small weavers of Malegaon is that still none of the co-operative societies showed any sigh of such expectations. All the co-operative societies proved to be very poor in performance and the members were never sure that this system of business can be a solution to their problems.

The dilemma for the co-operative societies is that they want a successful society as a role model, but they fail to fmd any such society. But unless someone takes a lead and shows a successful role model, others will not be encouraged to form co-operative societies. Therefore someone has to initiate and start a co-operative society. The researcher thinks that the proposal given in the following chapter will act as a guiding force to the small weavers and if followed, they can overcome most of their problems.

Table 5.28: Opinion of the weavers regarding of power-loom co-operative societies N Reasons Societies are Individual business is Total 0. good good % % % 1 Business 5 95 100 2 Profit 72 28 100 J Reputation 11 89 100 4 Management 59 41 100 5 Finance 72 28 100 6 Marketing 49 51 100 7 Overall 14 86 100 performance 8 Growth 55 45 100 Source: Compiled by the researcher

The weaver's opinion about the overall performance of the power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon from a different angle also shows more or less the same result. They hold the opinion that individual business is good as compare to the co-operative societies. This idea is based on the past experience of the co-operative societies in Malegaon. According to them the power loom co-operative societies are comparatively good only in one respect and that is raising finance. But as it is interest based financing, they consider this also as a negative aspect as finance is disallowed in

Islam.

When asked about the various problems in co-operative societies, the response was as under.

The below table indicates that the small power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon are still facing many problems in doing co-operative business. Out of these 26 difficulties asked, 17 problems are reported to be yes in more than 50 percent cases. The highest ranking is to the corrupt government officials followed by harassment in recovery of loans. The delay in sanction of loans.

257 non-disclosure of facts of the officials, delay in receipt of loans and procedural delays are other important reasons creating problems for the co-operative societies.

Table 5.29 Problems faced by the societies (%) Problems Yes No Problems Yes No Difference of opinion among the 69 31 Non disclosure/partial disclosure of facts 76 24 members by officials Non- cooperation from bank 49 51 Non- cooperation from government by 48 52 officials officials Delay in sanction of loan 71 29 Members fight/ file case against each 02 98 others Disputes in elections 12 88 Corrupt officers 99 01

Practically not very useful 53 47 Fast changing government rules and 05 95 policies policies Harassment in recovery of loans 89 11 co-operative policies only theoratical not 43 57 practical Co-operative business results 55 45 Loan installments are not received in time 86 14 into disputes and breaks in social relations Members are not honest 12 88 Difficult to do business in co-operative 67 33

Difficult to submit accounts in 51 49 Procedural delays 74 26 time More tension/anxiety 61 39 Social and political disturbances at the 64 36 place of supply and demand like Gujarat and Rajisthan Huge fluctuations in the market 83 17 Disputes in elections 10 90 conditions

Workers strikes 20 80 Fund not properly utilized 67 33 Heavy losses in the business 93 07 Others 51 49

All these problems can be removed with the help of change in the government policies and proper management of the co-operative societies. A list of suggestions is added in the last chapter of the thesis.

Conclusion:

There is a very sad situation of power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon. Out of the total power loom units only 8% are in the co-operative fold and out of total co-operative societies only 25% are active. This means only 2% of the total looms are under co-operative societies and remaining 98% are out of it. In Malegaon all the power loom units are in critical condition.

258 For changing the condition, the power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon need drastic changes. The small weavers of power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon need to change their mindset. They need to modify their overall look and performance.

The findings and the suggestions of this study is expected to bring positive changes for the power loom co-operative societies in Malegaon.

259