En Undersøkelse Av Vestrandens Regionalmetamorfe Bergarter

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En Undersøkelse Av Vestrandens Regionalmetamorfe Bergarter NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 23, 1943 Ms. mottatt 7. november 1942. EN UNDERSØKELSE AV VESTRANDENS REGIONALMETAMORFE BERGARTER AV HANS RAMBERG Med 56 fig. i teksten. FORORD Opprinnelig var det foreliggende arbeide ment som en minera­ logisk undersøkelse av regionalmetamorfe marmorer i området rundt ytre deler av Trondheimsfjorden. Materialet til den første del av arbeidet ble utlånt fra Geologisk museum og bearbeidet mikroskopisk, uten at jeg selv hadde hatt anledning til å foreta feltgeologiske observasjoner. Under den senere befaring av de spredtliggende kalkforekomster langs Trøndelagskysten fikk jeg god oversikt over feltets alminnelige geologisk-petrografiske bygning. Og da det dess­ uten i høg grad virket utilfredsstillende på meg å behandle en spesiell del av et felt som er så vidt uutforsket som Vestranden, ble både felt- og laboratoriearbeidet utvidet spesielt med henblikk på å komme til forståelse av Fosen-feltets, og dermed Vestrandens, genesis og formasjonsmessige plasering. At arbeidet overhodet er blitt til, skylder jeg i første rekke professor Tom. F. W. Barth min hjerteligste takk for. Professor Barth har gitt meg verdifulle råd under planleggelsen av så vel markarbeidet som laboratoriearbeidet og har alltid stått rede til å ofre av sin tid til diskusjoner vedrørende mitt arbeide. Videre vil jeg takke direktør for Norges geologiske undersøkelse, Carl Bugge, for å ha gitt meg anledning til å utføre markarbeidet og å få bergarts­ preparater på Norges geologiske undersøkelses bekostning, samt for den interesse han har vist under utarbeidelsen av avhandlingen. jeg skylder også professor V. M. Goldschmidt min beste takk for velvilligst å ha stilt materiale fra Geologisk museum til min disposisjon. Til slutt vil jeg takke min kone for korrekturlesning og renskriving av manuskriptet og preparant Alf Granli for utførelsen av de fleste tynnslip. Norsk geo!. tidsskr. 23. 1943. 2 HANS RAMBERG INNHOLD Side Innledning . 5 Geografisk og geologisk begrensning av arbeidsfeltet . 5 Tidligere arbeider over Vestranden . • . 6 I. Morfologisk og tektonisk oversikt over feltet . 7 Il. Petrografi ............................ ............. ..................... 10 Innledende oversikt ... ............................................... lO l. Amfibolitene ........................................................ It a. Generell oversikt over amfibolitene . Il b. Botten-Skaugdal-amfibolitene . .................... ................ 12 Innledende oversikt ...................... .... ............... 12 Planskifrige amfiboliter . ................. ................... 14 Masseformige amfiboliter . 17 "Mode"-beregning av Reinskloster-analysen .................. .. 19 Botten--Skaugdal-amfibolitenes genesis ........................ 20 c. Rødsjø-amfibolitene ......... ............... ...................... 21 d. Hasselvik-amfibolitene ................. .........................• 24 e. Den ytre kystsones amfiboliter ........................ ........ .... 26 f. Kort sammenlikning mellom de behandlete amfibolitforekomster ...... 27 2. Kalksilikatskifrene . 28 a. Skifrene syd for Botten-amfibolitene ............•.............. ... 29 b. Rødsjø-skifrene .. .......... ............. ...... .......... ......... 31 c. Hasselvik-skifrene ............................................•.. 31 d. Røstøy-skifrene . 32 e. Vesuvian fra Røstøy ............................................• 34 3. Epidot- og plagioklas-porfyroblastskifer fra Røstøy ................•...... 35 4. Granitene ............... .. .................................. ...... 36 Geografisk oversikt . 36 Granitenes geologiske opptreden .................................. 37 Mikroskopisk beskrivelse . 39 5. Gneisen . 41 Geografisk oversikt ............•....... .......................... 41 a. Gneisen rundt Ingdal-graniten ................ .................... 41 b. Gneisen mellom Uddu og Hasselvik . 42 c. Gneisen ved Nesvatn ................... ........................ 44 d. Gneisen på Røstøy . • . 45 e. Gneisen ved Rødberg . 45 f. Gneisens genesis ........................ ...................... 46 6. Eklogit-amfibolit fra Røstøy . ......... ....................... .......... 50 7. Trondhjemit intrudert i Botten-amfibolitene ........................... • 51 VESTRANDENS REGIONALMETAMORFE BERGARTER 3 Side 8. Dioriten ved Uddu ......................... ... ........ .. ........... 53 9. Kalksteinene . 54 Kalksteinenes geologiske opptreden . 54 a. Gruppe l ... .. ...... .... ............... ...... ................... 56 Storli-kalken . • . 56 Geografisk-geologisk oversikt ..... ...... ........ ....... ... 56 Mineralogisk beskrivelse ..... ........ ........ .... ..... 56 b. Gruppe 2 . 57 Berg-Modal-kalken ........ .... ..... ....... ... ...... ....... 57 Baustad-Kvithyll-kalken ......... ...... ................. ..... 57 Geografisk-geologisk oversikt ..... ....... ... ......... ..... 57 Mineralogisk beskrivelse . 57 c. Gruppe 3 . 59 Hasselvik-kalken . .. 59 Geografisk-geologisk oversikt ............ ................. 60 Mineralogisk beskrivelse . 60 d. Gruppe 4 .. ....................................................• 64 Røstøy-kalken . 64 Geografisk-geologisk oversikt ......... ... ... .... ..... ... 64 Marmorens og reaksjonsskarnets mineralselskap . 65 Røstøy-kompleksets genesis . 67 Almenningøyas marmordrag . .................................. 68 Geografisk-geologisk oversikt . ... ... .... 68 Mineralogisk beskrivelse . Il Valsøy-kalken .... .... .................... ..... .............. 75 Geografisk-geologisk oversikt . ....... ........ ............ 75 Mineralogisk beskrivelse . 75 Nesvatn-kalken . 77 Geografisk-geologisk beskrivelse . 77 Mineralogisk beskrivelse . 78 Ill. Petrologi ............................................................... 80 l. Reaksjonsskarn ......... ...... .............................. ......... 80 a. Alminnelig oversikt over reaksjonsskarn med særlig hensyn til dets utvikling i Fosen-feltet ..................... ........ ... ... ... ..... 80 b. Dannelsen av enkelte mineraler i CaC03-kontakt ............ ...... 82 Epidot . ................................. ........ ...... ..... 82 Skapolit . 83 Aktinolit og tremolit ............ ............................ 85 Diopsid ...•................................................ 82 Titan it ............................ ..... .......... ......... 86 Kalifeltspat . 87 Plagioklas . 87 Granat .......... ........ ... ....... ..... ......... ....... 88 Vesuvian ... .................. ... ...... ...... .... .... .... 89 2. Metamorfosen . 89 a. Betraktninger over regionalmetamorfose i sin alminnelighet .......... 89 4 HANS RAMBERG Side b. Den progressive regionale metamorfose i Fosen-feltet . 91 Innledende oversikt ......... ........................... ..... 91 Storli-feltets metamorfose .. .. .. 93 Kalksteinenes parageneser .. .. .. 93 Silikatbergartenes parageneser . .. 93 Diskusjon av paragenesene . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 93 Modai-Berg-dragets metamorfose . 94 Kort oversikt .. .. .. .. .. 94 Kalksteinenes paraganeser ... .. .. 95 Silikatbergartenes parageneser .. 95 Paragenesene uttrykt ved A,CF diagram .. • 95 Baustad-Kvithyll-bergartenes metamorfose .................... 96 Kort oversikt . • . .. 96 Kalksteinenes paraganese . .. .. 96 Silikatbergartenes parageneser . .. .. .. .. 96 Konklusjoner av paragenesene .. .. .. .. 96 Hasselvik- Rødsjø-bergartenes metamorfose . 100 Kort oversikt ... .. ... .... .. .. ...... ... ..... .. .... .. 100 Kalksteinenes parageneser . .. 100 Silikatbergartenes parageneser . .. ........... .. ... ... .. ... 100 Konklusjoner av paragenesene .. .... ...... .. ......... .. 100 Nesvatn-bergartenes metamorfose .. ........ .... .... .... .. .... 102 Metamorfosen i Røstøys, Valsøys og Almenningsøys bergarter . 104 Oversikt .................................•............. 104 Kalksteinenes og dolomitens parageneser .. .. 104 Silikatbergartenes parageneser .... .. ... , ....... .... ...... 104 Diskusjon av paragenesene .. 104 Gølja-feltets metamorfe facies .. .. .. .. .. 108 c. Temperaturen under metamorfosen . .. .. 108 d. Trykket under metamorfosen .. .. .. .. 108 e. En oversikt over stabilitetsforholdene mellom de viktigste forekom­ mende mineraler i skarnbergartene, amfibolitene og glimmerskifrene i Fosen-feltet . .. .. .. .. 109 f. Diagrammatisk framstilling av bergarter med plagioklas og epidot som hovedmineraler i samme paragenese . Ill g. Teoretiske betraktninger over epidot-plagioklas-likevekten . .. 120 Den kjemiske sammensetnings innflytelse på likevekten ...... .. 129 h. Skjematisk framstilling av kaliholdige parageneser . ...... ..... .. .. 132 i. Sammendrag av de viktigste konklusjoner om metamorfosen .. ..... 135 Resultater av lokal feltgeologisk interesse ..... .... ... ... .. 135 Resultater av generell petrologisk og fysiko-kjemisk interesse . 137 IV. Fosen-feltets forhold til den kaledonske fjellkjede .. ........ .. .... ..... 140 English summary ..... .. .. .. .. .. !53 Litteraturliste . .. .. .. .. .. .. 173 VESTRANDENS REGIONALMETAMORFE BERGARTER 5 INNLEDNING Geografisk og geologisk begrensning av arbeidsfeltet. De forskjellige spredtliggende arbeidssteder i marken ligger innen­ for et område som representeres av rektangelkartbladene Terningen, Trondheim, Stjørna og Bjørnør. Bare en kalkforekomst ligger utenfor den del av Trøndelagskysten som lokalt kalles Fosen-distriktet, som omfatter selve Fosenhalvøya nord for Trondheimsfjorden og kyst­ strøket mellom Trondheimsfjorden og Hemnefjorden. Geologisk er Fosen-distriktet en del av den såkalte Vestrand. Vestranden er etter Th. Kjerulfs definisjon
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