BEHIND THE NAMES. THE MEMORIAL TO THE PARISH DEAD OF THE GREAT WAR, 1914-1919, AT ST. RAPHAEL’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH,

DAVID A. KENNEDY, PhD 25 June 2019 ABSTRACT The War Memorial at St. Raphael’s Roman Catholic Church, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2NA, was installed in 1921, probably at the expense of the church’s owner, Captain, The Honourable George Savile. It lists the names of 50 parishioners; 47 men and three women. An attempt was made to compile biographical notes for each person from computerised databases and other sources. A best match was sought for each name, i.e., someone who, on a balance of probabilities in the light of the accumulated evidence, was most likely to be a person behind a name on the memorial. Most of the men served in the British forces and thirteen appeared to be Belgian citizens who probably were known to parishioners who were Belgian . A British woman was killed during a German air-raid on by shrapnel from an anti-aircraft gun. Two French sisters, assumed to be known to an existing parishioner, were killed in a church during a German long-range bombardment of . One man did not die in the Great War and the name of a brother appeared to have been substituted for a sailor who died in the War. One soldier, stationed in , was murdered by a comrade of unsound mind. In the time available, it was impossible to compile biographical notes for most of the and some of the British names, because of lack of information. Attempting a best match for some of the names, e.g., Patrick Kelly, was like seeking a needle in a haystack because the forename and surname combinations were too numerous on the databases. It is hoped that this paper will awaken the memories of St. Raphael’s parishioners and others and that more information will become available about the people named on the war memorial. Requiescant in Pace. COMMON ABBREVIATIONS Commonwealth War Graves Commission database - CWGC. UK Soldiers Killed in the Great War database - UKSKGW.

1 Belgian War Dead Register database - BWDR. Those who died for in the First World War database - DFF. UK Register of Soldiers’ Effects database - UKSE. First World War - WW1. INTRODUCTION The war memorial within St. Raphael’s Church, Kingston, was “Erected to God for victory and in memory of…members of the parish who made the supreme sacrifice during the Great War” [see Figure 1].1 The dates on the memorial indicate that it commemorates the dead of the period between the UK’s declaration of war with on 4 August 1914 and 28 June 1919, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed.2 Other local war memorials, i.e., the public memorials at and Hampton Wick, and those at St. Andrew’s Church, Surbiton, and St. Matthew’s Church, Surbiton, carry the dates 1914- 1918. As far as their owners were concerned, the Great War finished with the Armistice on 11 November 1918. Kingston’s public war memorial, and the memorial inside The United Reformed Church, Kingston, like St. Raphael’s, had the dates 1914-1919. The plaque commemorating the dead of the East Regiment within All Saints’ Church, Kingston, has the dates 1914-1919, whereas the memorial gates outside the church has the dates 1914-1918. It was reported that some memorials indicate that the Great War finished on 31 August 1921 when the UK Parliament declared it to be ended. Other memorials have dates into the 1920s that are relevant to military service in Germany, Palestine and North Russia. 3 The Commonwealth War Graves Commission selected the period 4 August 1914 to 21 August 1921 for responsibility for graves of people who died while serving in a Commonwealth military force or auxiliary organisation, or after discharge if their death was caused by their wartime service.4 Hereafter, the Great War is referred to by the abbreviation, WW1, i.e., The First World War. WW1 casualty statistics were published by the Robert Schuman Centre in 2011. There were 885,138 UK military deaths and 109,000 civilian deaths, including 1,260 civilian deaths resulting from air and sea bombardment of the UK. There were 58,637 Belgian military deaths and 62,000 civilian deaths. There were 1,397,800 French military deaths and 300,000 French civilian

2 deaths, including 3,357 killed in air attacks and long-range artillery bombardment.5 St. Raphael’s war memorial is made of white marble, the lettered part is approximately five feet high by four feet wide [152 cm by 122 cm] and it is installed on the south side of the nave of the church. Of the names inscribed, 47 are in military rank order. First, three captains are listed, then eleven lieutenants, and two sergeants. 31 men, apparently of lower military rank, follow: the impression given is that they were private soldiers. For only one person, Captain John Foreman - the first listed - is his regiment stated, i.e., The Royal Army Medical Corps, cited as R.A.M.C. No time of death, or place of death, of any of the persons listed is given on the memorial. Thirteen of the names, approximately 28% of the males listed, suggest a possible Belgian connection and it is known that Belgian refugees, some of whom would have been Roman Catholics who attended St. Raphael’s Church, were accommodated in the Kingston area during WW1 [below]. In order of appearance on the memorial, the Belgian names are Englebert Cappuyns, Rene Carabin, Carlos Rooze, Joseph Berthelet, Adolphe Criquillon, Gustave Delannois, Jean Guedras, Edmund Huyst, Alexandre Lockem, Leo Rendal, Ferdinand Spanogue, Charles de Soubeyran and John Stoop. Finally, the memorial lists three women, namely Miss Florence M. Smalpage, Miss Ivonne Cunningham and Miss Margaret Cunningham [see Figure 2]. Research was undertaken on St. Raphael’s war memorial and, in particular, the persons listed on it. It was stimulated by three local WW1 memorial projects. These are, the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Roll of Honour project, the Heritage Open Days Exhibition war memorial project of St. Matthew’s Church, Surbiton, and John Fisher’s and Susan Watts’ publication of 2015, “We will Remember Them” which commemorates the men of Kingston Congregational Church.6 BELGIAN REFUGEES IN THE KINGSTON AREA DURING WW1 After the German invasion of Belgium in 1914, starting in August, about 250,000 of its citizens fled to the . They landed at Tilbury, Margate, , Dover, Harwich, Hull, Grimsby and other ports. Accommodation was provided by groups of local volunteers and individuals.7

3 The Surrey Advertiser newspaper in 1914 and 1915 provided evidence of hostels for Belgian refugees at Malden, East , Surbiton, , Ditton Hill and Kingston Hill. Belgian refugees were accommodated in Westcroft, a house on Kingston Hill furnished by donations from local residents and at Brooklyn, a house in Denmark Road, Kingston, that was provided by the Bentall family.8 Englebert Cappuyns, an advocate, wrote how he escaped to England from Louvain with his family. He had been a hostage, feared for his life and had seen houses set on fire by the occupying forces. After landing at Tilbury, the family was accommodated in Alexandra Palace where they had an uncomfortable time. Then, they travelled to Surbiton, where first they stayed at the Southampton Hotel, adjacent to Surbiton Station, and on 24 September 1914 they moved into Westcroft.9 In July 1916, the Surrey Comet reported that a discharged Belgian soldier, called Votion, employed at Kingston’s Semaphore Works, was verbally abused by his supervisor who blamed Belgium for England’s involvement in the war.10 The Surrey Comet of 5 June 1918 reported that Raymond Demettre, aged 29, who had been invalided out of the Belgian Army, tragically drowned in the Thames off Thames Ditton Island on 1 June 1918 following an incident while punting. After a Requiem Mass in St. Raphael’s Church, he was buried in Kingston Cemetery by Fr. Ryan, the Parish Priest, on 6 June 1918.11 INSTALLATION OF THE MEMORIAL Often, a WW1 memorial was initiated by a local organising committee which decided what form it would take, where it would be located and who should be commemorated on it.12 However, no record of such a committee was found in the archives of St. Raphael’s Church and the question remained, who was responsible for the installation of its memorial?

4

Figure 1. The War Memorial at St. Raphael’s Church, Surbiton. Photograph taken in March 2019 by John McCarthy.

Figure 2. The names on the War Memorial at St. Raphael’s Church, Surbiton. Photograph taken in March 2019 by John McCarthy.

5 In 1925, Fr. Peter Ernest Ryan, in his book, The Diamond Jubilee of St. Raphael’s Church, Kingston upon Thames, stated that a magnificent war memorial had been erected to honour the dead of the parish and that a Foundation Mass had been established to pray for the repose of their souls.13 Records of the Southwark Roman Catholic Archdiocese showed that on 18 April 1921 permission was given for this Mass to be said in perpetuity, on or about 11 November, each year. 14 The Surrey Comet newspaper, on 12 November 1921, recorded that on Armistice Day at St. Raphael’s Church the memorial was draped with flags of the Allies, a wreath was placed there and throughout the day, the church was open for private prayer. This evidence suggested that the memorial was installed between 18 April 1921 and 12 November 1921. But, what individual or what group made the decision to install the memorial and who should be named on it? And, how was it funded? Fr. Ryan, in 1925, was silent about events before the installation of the memorial and no relevant material was found in the church’s archives or the records of its Finance Committee held in the Archdiocesan archives. 15 However, in 1921 the church was owned by Captain, The Honourable George Savile, a descendent of Alexander Raphael the builder of the church, whose own memorial is within.16 Probably, Captain Savile, who had served in France in the Great War, had a say in the design of the war memorial and who should be named on it. Furthermore, it seemed likely that Fr. Ryan was involved in this and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, probably Captain Savile funded the memorial.17 To quote the inscription, those listed once had been “members of the parish”. It was assumed that before the list was finalised, say in 1921, members of the parish at the time had been consulted about it. In 1920, the boundaries of St. Raphael’s parish encompassed Kingston, Surbiton, , Hook, , Esher, Hampton Court and Thames Ditton.18 Therefore, it was expected that the postal addresses of persons on the memorial would reflect this. FINDING A BEST MATCH The war memorial in St. Raphael’s church is evidence in itself: it has to be seen as a primary source, also known as an original record. On the face of it, a name on the memorial stands for a member of the parish who died in WW1.

6 Hereafter, the terms “member of the parish” and “parishioner” will be used interchangeably. Each name on the memorial is indisputable evidence, for all to see, and literally is carved in stone [Figures 1 & 2]. Behind each name is a biography that possibly can be discovered if supporting evidence can be found to supplement the scanty information of the memorial. The first objective was to find a best match for each name on the memorial and somebody who died between 1914-1919 with reference to supporting evidence from the databases in Table 1, church records, civil records, newspapers and other sources, as specified below. For all names the UKSKGW database was searched and for the Belgian names, both the BWDR and DFF databases were searched. A best match was defined as someone who, on a balance of probabilities in the light of the accumulated evidence, was most likely to be a person behind a name on the memorial. Evidence considered for a best match included: 1.The same forename and surname, or initials, or credible variants, as stated on the memorial. 2. The same military rank as stated on the memorial. 3. Independent evidence of membership of the parish in church records, e.g., baptismal records, and other records. 4. A postal address, e.g., in Kingston upon Thames, Surbiton, Tolworth or Hampton Wick, that would have put them, or their parents, close enough to the church possibly to be regular attenders. 5. An entry in church records of a possible family member with the same or similar surname. 6. The name suggested a Belgian connection, e.g., Englebert Cappuyns [above]. 7. It seemed axiomatic that a person named on a memorial in a Roman Catholic Church would be a Catholic. Therefore, evidence of membership of the Roman Catholic Church could be useful when accumulating information to enable a best match to be identified. Such evidence included attendance at a Catholic school, such as St. George’s College, Weybridge, Stonyhurst College or Ampleforth College, or a CWGC epitaph that was appropriate for a deceased Catholic, e.g., in the case of Lieutenant Wilfred George Allanson, “Eternal rest grant to him O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon him”. It was accepted that even if a best match could be found, it was not certain that this identified a person originally chosen nearly one hundred years ago.

7 Furthermore, some best matches were likely to be better than others on the basis of the available evidence.

Table 1. Databases searched

Commonwealth War Graves Commission [CWGC] Casualty and Cemetery database, First World War [covers the period 4 August 1914-31 August 1921] https://www.cwgc.org/find

UK Soldiers Killed In The Great War, 1914-1919, [UKSKGW] database, Ancestry https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/uksoldiersgreatwar/

UK Army Register of Soldiers’ Effects [UKSE], 1901-1929, database, Ancestry https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/ukarmyregisterseffects/

WW1 Naval Casualties, 1914-1929, database, Find My Past https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-records/ww1-naval-casualties

UK Census Records database, Ancestry https://www.ancestry.co.uk

UK Census Records database, Find My Past https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-united-kingdom-records

Wills, Probates, Land, Tax & Criminal database, Ancestry https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/categories/36/

Belgian War Dead Register database [BWDR] https://www.wardeadregister.be/en https://www.wardeadregister.be/nl

Those Who Died For France In The First World War database [DFF] https://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/en/article.php?larub=80

The British Newspaper Archive database https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/advanced

England & Civil Registration Death Index, 1837-1915, Ancestry https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/freebmddeath/

England & Wales Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007, Ancestry https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/onsdeath93/

Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames War Memorials Association, WW1 Roll of Honour [RBKWMA] database http://www.local-hero.org.uk/WW1fallen.php

Roll of Honour of persons from the Borough [Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames] killed in action during the First World War, including one woman killed on war work. https://www.flickr.com/photos/kingstonmuseum/albums/

8 NOT FINDING A BEST MATCH Some forename and surname combinations clearly were very common in the 1914 -1919 timespan, e.g., there were over 100 candidates on the CWGC database and over 80 candidates on the UKSKGW database who could have been the Patrick Kelly on the Church’s war memorial. Thus, the search became an attempt to find a needle in a haystack. Where it was considered most unlikely that further research would enable a credible best match to be found in a reasonable time, research was stopped. It was hoped that, later on, more information would become available to enable a best match to be proposed for such persons. THE NAMES ON THE MEMORIAL 1. CAPTAIN JOHN FOREMAN, R.A.M.C. BEST MATCH. Lieutenant John Eugene Foreman, Royal Army Medical Corps, Egyptian Expeditionary Force. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. The White Hall, Stourwood Avenue, West Southbourne, Bournemouth, . Family. Husband of Elizabeth Mary Foreman. Son of John and Agnes Foreman. Father of three children. Died. Alexandria, Egypt. Died of disease [enteric fever], 9 July 1917. Age at death. 34 [born 1883]. Buried. Alexandria War Cemetery, Egypt. CWGC epitaph. “Soldier & a gentleman”. Census. 1901: lived at Wentworth House, Whitechapel, medical student. 1911: lived at 28, The Avenue, Acton, London, physician, born St. Kitts, British West Indies, British Subject. Abstract from the R.A.M.C. profile of John Eugene Foreman. John was educated at the London Hospital, entering in 1900. In 1906 he took the diplomas of M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. After acting as house-surgeon of the Royal Victoria and West Hants Hospital at Bournemouth, he went into practice at West Southbourne. He was a gifted amateur musician, an excellent billiard player and cricketer and an amateur mechanic of no mean order. John left his practice to become Senior Resident Medical Officer at Boscombe Military Hospital. Although previously being rejected for military service on health grounds, he gained a commission in the R.A.M.C. Whilst on the journey to Egypt, his ship “Arcadian” was torpedoed, and he was forced to spend a night in an open boat. After he was rescued, he developed scarlatina, then dysentery and eventually he died from enteric fever.19 Other information. There was no evidence that he ever held the

9 rank of Captain in the R.A.M.C. The Tablet, 4 July 1908, recorded the marriage of John Eugene Foreman and Elizabeth Mary Longstaff of 33 Craven Hill Gardens, Hyde Park. The marriage certificate showed that the groom lived at 37, The Avenue, Bedford Park, , the bride lived at 33 Craven Hill Gardens and that the marriage, on 27 June 1908, was in the Church of St. Mary of the Angels according to the rites of the Catholic Church. Probate. Effects, £5,346. Beneficiary, Elizabeth Mary Foreman, widow. 2. CAPTAIN W.P. LISTON. BEST MATCH. Captain William Prosper Liston, 5th Battalion, Leinster Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Born at Balbriggan, County Dublin, Ireland. Family. Son of Dr. and Mrs. Prosper Liston. Died. Western Front, 12 March 1917. Killed in action. Age at death. 21 [born 1896]. Buried. Lievin Communal Cemetery Extension, France. Also commemorated. Surbiton public war memorial [RBKWMA]. Census. 1911: boarder at St. Stephen’s School, Launceston, . CWGC epitaph. “True to God & his Country he died leading his men into action, R.I.P.” Other information. The Tablet, 5 May 1917, reported that he was an old boy of Ampleforth College.20 Probate. Effects, £155. Beneficiary, Prosper Liston, Lieutenant, H.M. Army. 3. LIEUTENANT WILFRED ALLANSON. BEST MATCH. Lieutenant Wilfred George Allanson, 7th Squadron, Royal Air Force. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. "Belmont," 6, King's Avenue, Clapham Park, London. Family. Son of George and Lucy Mary Allanson. Died. Western Front, 21 September 1918. Killed in action. Age at death. 20 [born 1898]. Buried. Mendinghem Military Cemetery, Belgium. Census. Census 1911: student at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire.21 CWGC epitaph. “Eternal rest grant to him O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon him”. Probate. Effects, £201. Beneficiary, George Allanson, insurance clerk. 4. LIEUTENANT PETER ALLANSON. BEST MATCH. 2nd Lieutenant Henry Peter Allanson, 1st Battalion, Suffolk Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed that he was baptised together with his twin sister, Mary Augusta, on 4 June 1882. Home. 6 Lansdowne Terrace, Hampton Wick, . Family. Son of Henry Allanson, deceased. Husband of Mary Frances Allanson. Died. Western Front, 20 July 1916. Killed in action. Age at death. 34 [born 1882].

10 Buried. No known grave. Commemorated. Thiepval Memorial, France, and Hampton Wick War Memorial. Census. 1911: 6 Lansdowne Terrace, Hampton Wick, Middlesex, merchant’s clerk. Probate. Effects. £565. Beneficiary, Mary Frances Allanson, widow. 5. LIEUTENANT CYRIL BATES. BEST MATCH. Probationary Flight Officer Cyril Montague Bates, Royal Air Force, Flying Establishment, Cranwell, Sleaford, Lincolnshire. 22 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 40, Victoria Avenue, Surbiton, Surrey. Family. Son of Percy Montague Bates. Died. Home Front, RAF Flying Establishment, Cranwell, Sleaford, Lincolnshire, UK, 24 April 1918. Accidentally killed while flying, according to his death certificate. Age at death. 18 [born 1900]. Buried. St. Andrew’s Church, Cranwell, Sleaford, Lincolneshire, UK. Also commemorated. Surbiton War Memorial [RBKWMA]. Census. 1911: pupil at St. George’s College, Weybridge.23 6. LIEUTENANT THOMAS BROGAN. BEST MATCH. 2nd Lieutenant Thomas William Brogan, 2nd Royal Marines Battalion, Royal Navy Division, Royal Marine Light Infantry. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed that Thomas William Brogan, son of John and Emma Brogan, was baptised on 7 June 1894 and that he was confirmed on 15 June 1905. Home. 46, Worthington Road, Surbiton Hill, Surbiton, Surrey. Family. Son of John and Emma Brogan. Died. Western Front, 26 October 1917. Killed in action. Age at death. 21 [born 1896]. Buried. No known grave. Commemorated. Tyne Cot Memorial, Belgium. Also commemorated. Surbiton war memorial [RBKWMA] and St. Matthew’s Church, Surbiton, war memorial. Census. 1901: Cromwell Villas, Tolworth, Surrey. 1911: 46, Cromwell Villas, Worthington Road, Tolworth, Surrey. 7. LIEUTENANT ENGLEBERT CAPPUYNS. BEST MATCH. Lieutenant Engelbert Victor Antoine Marie Joseph Emmanuel Cappuyns, Belgian Army. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Found on BWDR database. It was assumed that he was the son of Englebert Cappuyns, a Belgian who was once a member of the parish.24 Kelly’s Directory for Surrey, 1918, showed Engleburt Cappuyns living at 3 Lingfield Avenue, Kingston, which was within walking distance of St. Raphael's Church. Home.

11 Louvain, Belgium. Family. Assumed to be the son of Englebert Joseph and Emma Caroline Adele Cappuyns, Belgian refugees. Died. De Panne, Veldhospitaal L'Océan, Belgium, 19 April, 1916. Cause of death not stated. Age at death. 21 [born 1895]. Buried. Adinkerke Heldenweg Military Cemetery, Veurne, Belgium. 8. LIEUTENANT RENE CARABIN. BEST MATCH. Sous Lieutenant Rene Felix Louis Marie Carabin, Belgian Army. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Found on BWDR database. It was assumed that he was known to a parishioner who was a Belgian refugee. His mother’s maiden name, i.e., Crick, suggested an English connection. Kelly’s Directory for Surrey, 1918, showed Anthony Crick living at 17 Knight’s Park, Kingston upon Thames, which was within walking distance of St. Raphael's Church. Home. Sint Gillis, Brussels, Belgium. Family. Son of Felix Guillaume Theophile and Jeanne Caroline Marie Maximilienne Carabin, née Crick. Died. Stuyvekenskerke, Grande Garde, Belgium, 17 July 1916. Cause of death not stated. Age at death. 28 [born 1888]. Buried. Steenkerke Cimetière Militaire achter de Sint Laurentiuskerk, Belgium. 9. LIEUTENANT CLAUDE MADELEY. BEST MATCH. 2nd Lieutenant Claude Neville Madeley, 43rd Squadron, Royal Air Force. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Sherrington House, 12 Grove Crescent, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey. Family. Son of Emma Madeley and the late William Madeley. Husband of Emma Madeley. Died. Western Front, 19 January 1918. Killed in action. Age at death. 23 [born 1895]. Buried. Orchard Dump Cemetery, Arleux-en-Gohelle, France. Census. 1911: Cottenham Lodge, 21 Cottenham Park Road, Wimbledon, Surrey, engineering student. CWGC epitaph. “May he rest in peace”. Probate. Effects, £2,599. Beneficiary, Emma Madeley, widow. 10. LIEUTENANT CARLOS ROOZE. BEST MATCH. Private, Second-Class, Carlos Jules Henri Roose, Belgian Army. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Found on BWDR database. It was assumed that he was known to a parishioner who was a Belgian refugee. Home. Oudergemlaan 49, Brussels, born Kortrijk, Belgium. Engineering student at Louvain University. Family. Son of Arthur Charles Leonard and Maria Julietta Charlotta Roose, née Mussely. Died. 18 September 1914, Franco-Belgian

12 Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. Cause of death not stated. Age at death. 23 [born 1891]. Buried. Antwerp Military Cemetery, Belgium. 11. LIEUTENANT JOSEPH ST. AUBYN. BEST MATCH. Lieutenant Francis Joseph St. Aubyn, "A" Company, 7th Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 35, Featherstone St., City Rd., London. Native of Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, according to CWGC. Family. Son of Frank and Mary St. Aubyn. Husband of Gladys Mary St. Aubyn. Died. Western Front, 10 March 1917. Killed in action. Age at death. 28 [born,1889]. Buried. Hibers Trench Cemetery, Wancourt, France. Census. 1901: pupil at St. George’s College, Weybridge, aged 13, born in Mortlake, Surrey. 25 1911: boarder at 62 Temple Street, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, an actor, born in Mortlake, Surrey. CWGC epitaph. “Thy book of toil is read, the long day closes, rest in peace”. Probate. Effects, £177. Beneficiary, Gladys Mary St. Aubyn, widow. 12. LIEUTENANT ARTHUR SILLEM. BEST MATCH. Lieutenant Arthur Henry Sillem, 4th Battalion, attached 8th Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Once lived in Hampton Wick, within walking distance of St. Raphael’s [below]. Home. The Bungalow, Constanchez, Guernsey, Channel Islands, according to Probate records. Born in London, according to CWGC. Family. Son of S. A. and Asenath Dora Sillem. Husband of Lois Sillem. Died. Western Front, 24 March 1918. Killed in action. Age at death. 25 [born 1893]. Buried. Delsaux Farm Cemetery, Beugny, France. Also commemorated. Surbiton war memorial [RBKWMA]. Census. 1901: Rathmore, Hampton Wick, Middlesex, born, London, St. George, Hanover Square. CWGC epitaph. “Ave fidelis". Probate. Effects, £305. Beneficiary, Lois Oakley Sillem, widow. 13. LIEUTENANT JACK QUINLAN. BEST MATCH. 2nd Lieutenant John Francis Pembroke Quinlan, 3rd Squadron, Royal Flying Corps. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 4 Matheson Road, West Kensington, London. Family. Son of Ellen Quinlan, widow. Died. Western Front, 3 July 1916. Killed in action. Age at death. 21. [born 1895]. Buried. No known grave. Commemorated. Arras Flying Service Memorial, France. Census. 1911: 4 Matheson Road, West Kensington, London, schoolboy, born in Dublin. Records of St. Andrew’s Roman Catholic

13 parish, Dublin, showed that he was baptised on 2 August 1895, son of Francis John Boxwell Quinlan and Ellen Quinlan, née Thompson. 14. SERGEANT FRANCIS EVANETT. BEST MATCH. Sergeant Francis Cuthbert Evennett, 31st Battalion, London Regiment, Irish Rifles. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed Elizabeth Evennett, baptised on 16 May 1886, born on 11 October 1886, Catherine Evennett, baptised on 3 June 1886, born on 20 September 1887 and Catherine Evennett, confirmed 1 July 1888. Home. 14 Cromford Road, West Hill, Wandsworth, London. Family. Son of Henry Evennett. Husband of Agnes Maria Evennett. One daughter. Died. Home Front, Village Hall, Great Holland, Essex, 13 July 1917. Murdered by a fellow soldier. Age at death. 47 [born 1870]. Buried. Clacton Cemetery, Essex, UK. Census. 1911: 73 Wavendon Avenue, Chiswick, Middlesex, stockbroker. CWGC epitaph. “Son of Henry Evennett of Bayswater, enlisted Sept. 4th 1914, R.I.P.” Death Certificate. Francis Cuthbert Evennett, Sergeant, 31st Battalion, London Regiment, stockbroker, wilfully murdered by Rifleman deceased Robert Charles Cooper, who attacked the deceased and severely fractured his skull with a dumbbell. Chelmsford Chronicle, 20 & 27 July 1917, Sergeant Evennett was murdered, in a village hall used as a guardroom, by Private Charles Cooper, aged 23, who was held to have been of unsound mind by the Coroner’s jury. Apparently, Cooper had attacked Evennett with a dumbbell, hitting him on the head. There was evidence that Evennett had attempted to defend himself. Cooper had a bayonet wound in the back. Cooper killed himself with a rifle shot in the chest. Verdict on Cooper, shot himself while of unsound mind and died from self-inflicted injuries. Abstract from The Stock Exchange Memorial Of Those Who Fell In the Great War, MCMXIV- MCMXIX, p. 70, Sergeant Francis Cuthbert Evennett was educated at St. Charles’ College, Bayswater and later studied at the English College in Lisbon.26 He became a Member of the Stock Exchange in 1899 and when war broke out he was a partner in the firm of Thomas Carmichael and Co. He served for 15 years in the Queen Victoria’s Rifles, retiring as a Sergeant with the Territorial Efficiency Medal, in 1913. Concurrently, he took an active interest in the Catholic Boys’ Brigade and commanded the Kensal Company of the Battalion for many

14 years. Later he became Captain and Adjutant of this Battalion. It was in this capacity that, although 44 years of age at the time, he joined a Company, specially recruited from the Catholic Boys’ Brigade of the 2/18th Battalion, London Regiment [London Irish Rifles], and became a Sergeant. He met his death under tragic circumstances near Clacton-on-Sea on 13 July 1917. His Company Commander in the London Irish Rifles wrote “Francis Evannett showed a grand example of patriotism. He joined up despite his family ties, his business, his age and infirmity [for he was greatly handicapped with severe rheumatism, although he carried on] to give a lead to the Catholic lads with whom he joined the ranks early in September 1914. I know that none of he attractions of military life swayed him, and of him can literally it be said he died for God and King”. Probate. Effects, £400. Beneficiary, Agnes Maria Evennett, widow. Other information. Not listed on CWGC database but listed on UKSKGW database.

Figure 3. Sergeant Francis Cuthbert Evannett. With acknowledgement to the Stock Exchange Roll of Honour. http://www.roll-of-honour.com/London/StockExchange.html

15. SERGEANT SYDNEY WELCH. BEST MATCH. Sergeant Sydney Welch, "A" Coy. 13th Kensington Battalion, London Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 16,

15 Lingfield Avenue, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, within walking distance of St. Raphael's. Family. Son of Frederick James and Kate Margaret Welch. Died. Western Front, 13 June 1915. Died of wounds. Age at death. 23. [born 1892]. Buried. Valenciennes [St. Roch] Communal Cemetery, France. Also commemorated. Kingston war memorial [RBKWMA]. Census. 1901: 11 Newbury Road, Hornsey, Middlesex. 16. JAMES P. BENNETT. BEST MATCH. Sergeant James Paul Bennett, Military Medal, Belgian Croix de Guerre, 2nd Special Corps, Royal Engineers. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed that James Paul Bennett, son of Edwin Alexander Bennett, was born on 2 April 1898 and baptised on 7 August 1898. Home. 16 Cadogan Road, Surbiton, Surrey. Family. Son of Mrs Bennett, widow. Died. Home Front. Bennett’s death certificate stated that he died of pulmonary tuberculosis on 10th November 1918 at the Royal Herbert Hospital, Woolwich, England. Age at death. 20. [born 1898]. Buried. Kingston upon Thames Cemetery, by Father Peter Ernest Ryan, Parish Priest, St. Raphael’s Church, Surbiton. Also commemorated. Tiffin School war memorial [RBKWMA]. Census. 1911: The Limes, Lime Grove, , Surrey, a schoolboy. Kingston Cemetery grave epitaph. “James Paul Bennett, M.M., Belgian Croix de Guerre, Special Corps, Royal Engineers, died November 10th 1918, the result of wounds received in action at Passchendaele, November 1917, aged 20, R.I.P.” Other information. See Figures 3 & 4 for differences as to cause of death. Abstract of a record provided by John King, Archivist, Tiffin School, on behalf of the Tiffin School Archives. He was a pupil at Tiffin School, Kingston upon Thames. The School’s New Admission Record [No. 213] gave Bennett’s date of birth as 2 April 1898, he was admitted to Tiffin School in Summer Term 1906, and left in Summer Term [probably July] 1914. Beforehand, he was at an un-named private preparatory school. He gained the London Junior Matriculation in 1913 and the Senior Matriculation in 1914. On leaving, he was awarded a Surrey Trade School scholarship to Battersea Polytechnic. This indicated that he was a bright pupil. His father was a retired engineer. Sometime before James was born, the family lived in Buenos Aires and later in Rio de Janiero, Argentina. The War Medal record shows that went to

16 France on 17 July 1915. Royal Engineers’ Special Companies. Major General C. H. Foulkes, 1934, recorded that The Royal Engineers’ Special Brigade was raised in June 1915 for gas warfare. It consisted of Special Companies formed of university graduates or students enlisted as Engineer Corporals with special rates of pay [p.46]. Special Companies were in action at Dixmude, Belgium, on 29 October 1917, in collaboration with Belgian forces. General Foulkes recorded that the Belgian authorities were extremely generous in their awards of decorations to officers and men of the Special Companies [pp.226-227] and that Special Companies were in action in the Passchendaele Ridge battles, that died down in November 1917 [p.218].27 Bennett’s death certificate recorded that he was a student. Probably, he was a studying chemistry.

Figure 3. The grave of Sergeant James Paul Bennett in Kingston Cemetery. Photograph taken in April 2019 by David A. Kennedy

17

Figure 4. Inscription on the grave of Sergeant James Paul Bennett in Kingston Cemetery. Photograph taken by David A. Kennedy in April 2019.

Figure 5. Sergeant James Paul Bennett’s Death Certificate.

17. JOHN A. BLACK. BEST MATCH. Private John Alexander Black, C Company, 7th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Paragon Grove, Surbiton Hill, Surbiton, Surrey. Family. Son of John and Margaret Black. Died. Western Front, 7 March 1916. Died of wounds. Age at death. 23. [born,1893].

18 Buried. Lapugnoy Military Cemetery, France. Also commemorated. Surbiton War Memorial [RBKWMA]. Census. 1901: Cottage on Farm, Surbiton, born in Nantucket, USA, parents both born in Ireland. CWGC epitaph. “Jesus mercy, Mary help”. 18. JOSEPH BERTHELET. BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW or BWDR databases. Numerous people with the surname Berthelet were found on the DFF database, but none could be identified as a best match. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. 19. FRANCIS CORCORAN. BEST MATCH. Lance-Corporal Frank Corcoran. 7th Battalion, The Queens, Royal West Surrey Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed Francis Corkran [Concoran?], born 5 April 1873, baptised 20 April 1873, son of James and Joan Corkran, formally Winter. Home. Clapham, Surrey. Family. Husband of Cecilia Corcoran. Died. 18 November 1916. Killed in Action. Age at death. 36 [born 1880]. Buried. No known grave. Commemorated. Thiepval Memorial, France. 20. ADOLPHE CRIQUILLON. BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR or DFF databases. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. 21. WILLIAM DWYER. BEST MATCH. Sapper William Dwyer, 86th Field Company, Royal Engineers. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Family. Son of Patrick and Mary Ryan, 14C Byton Road, Tooting, London. Native of London according to CWGC. Died. Western Front, 28 October 1918. Cause of death not specified on CWGC or UKSKGW database. Age at death. 32 [born 1886]. Buried. Etaples Military Cemetery, France. CWGC epitaph. “From father and mother, till we meet again, R.I.P.” 22. GUSTAVE DELANNOIS. BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR or DFF databases. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee.

19 23. HERBERT C. EDWARDS. BEST MATCH. Private Herbert Charles Edwards, 2/6th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed that Charles Henry Edwards, son of Charles Henry Edwards and Mary Edwards, was baptised on 24 September 1893. Home. 4, Frederick Street, Kings Cross, London. Family. Son of Henry William and Elizabeth Edwards. Died. Western Front, 20 July 1918. Died of wounds. Age at death. 20. [born 1898]. Buried. Bagneux British Cemetery, Gezaincourt, France. Census. 1911: 4 Frederick Street, St. Pancras, London, schoolboy at Lee School, Street. CWGC epitaph. “Greater love hath no man that he lay down his life for his friends”. 24. GEORGE HARTER. BEST MATCH. Captain John George Harter, 1st Battalion, Durham Light Infantry. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 5, Onslow Houses, Kensington, London. Family. Son of Mr. C. B. Harter. His brother Clement Jesse also fell, according to the CWGC database. Died. Western Front, 3 March 1916. Died of wounds. Age at death. 27. [born 1889]. Buried. Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Belgium. Also commemorated. With his brother, Clement Jesse Harter, on the War Memorial of Brompton Oratory. Census. 1911: 2nd Lieutenant, Durham Light Infantry, absent in England from barracks or quarters in India. 1901: Pupil at Ladycross Roman Catholic preparatory school in Bournemouth. CWGC epitaph. “Brigade Major, 151st infantry, R.I.P.” Probate. Effects, £6,000. Beneficiary, Charles Beard Harter, esquire. Other information. According to the CWGC database, Clement Jesse Harter, was aged 26, a Captain, in the 2nd Battalion Royal Fusiliers, died on 16 June 1915, aged 26, and was commemorated on the Menin Gate, Ypres. 25. WILLIAM W. FAGAN. BEST MATCH. Captain William Whelply Fagan, East Surrey Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed that William Whelply Fagan, was born on 23 July 1870, was baptised on 13 August 1870 and was the son of William and Frances Fagan, formally Welply. He once lived in Surbiton. In the British Army List, 1902, William Whelply Fagan, was a Captain, in the East Surrey Regiment. Home. Pine View, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey. Birth Certificate. William Whelply Fagan, born 6 South

20 Terrace, Surbiton, son of William John Fagan and Frances Mary Josephine Fagan, formerly Whelply, father was an assistant commissary general on half pay. Died. Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey, UK, 5 November 1910. Buried. Not discovered. Age at death. 40 [born 1870]. Death Certificate. William Whelply Fagan, aged 40, Captain, East Surrey Regiment, retired, died 5 November 1910, Pine View, Wrecclesham, Farnham Rural, phithsis, five years, haemoptysis, bronchitis, informant E. M. Fagan, sister, present at death at Pine View, Wrecclesham. Census. 1871: William Welply Fagan, aged 8 months, born in Surbiton, Kingston, living at Malvern House, Kings Road, Clapham, Surrey. Father, Director of Convict Prisons, and mother were both born in Ireland. 1891: William Fagan, aged 20, born in Kingston, living at 21 Park Hill, Clapham, Surrey, Gentleman Cadet, Sandhurst. Probate. Effects, £280 [1910]. Beneficiary, Monica Fagan, spinster. Conclusion. Captain William Whelply Fagan, having retired from the East Surrey Regiment, died on 5 November 1910, of phithsis [tuberculosis]. He did not die in the Great War, 1914-1919. 26. POLUZZ FERRITTO. BEST MATCH. Private Poluzz Ferritto, 207th Company, Machine Gun Corps. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed that Josephina Ferritto, daughter of Antonio Ferritto, was baptised on 28 April 1899. The Ferritto family, descended from Italian immigrants, is well known to current members of the parish of St. Raphael’s. 28 Home. 32 Asylum Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey. Family. Son of Antonio and Mary Ferritto. Died. Western Front, 25 September 1917. Killed in action. Age at death. 20. [born 1897]. Buried. Tyne Cot Cemetery, Belgium. Also commemorated. St. Peter’s, , war memorial [RBKWMA] and listed on Kingston public war memorial. Census. 1910: 32 Asylum Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey. 27. CHARLES GLEESON. BEST MATCH. Private Charles Edward Gleeson, 12th Battalion, London Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 21, Holyport Road, Fulham, London. Family. Son of John Gleeson. Died. Western Front, 11 July 1916. Killed in action. Age at death. 26. [born 1890]. Buried. Dranoutre Military Cemetery, Belgium. Census. 1911: Boarder at 13 Holyport Road, Fulham, London, carman.

21 28. JEAN GUEDRAS. BEST MATCH. Enseigne de Vasseau [French Naval Lieutenant] Jean Eugene Guadras. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR databases, but found on DFF database. It was assumed that he was known by a parishioner who was a Belgian refugee. As he served in the French Navy, according to the DFF database and had an address in Paris, there may have been a French connection. Home. Paris, 4th Arrondissement. Died. 8 February 1916 on board the French armed cruiser Amiral Charner, sunk by German submarine in Egyptian waters. Aged. 27. [born 1889]. Buried. Went down with his ship.29 29. REGINALD HUGHES. BEST MATCH. Able Seaman Owen Hughes, H.M.S. Ghurka. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. He once lived in Kingston [below]. St. Raphael’s records showed the baptisms of children of Riley Hughes and Mary Ann Hughes. Reginald Riley Hughes was baptised on 15 September 1889, while his Birth Certificate stated that he was born on 29 September 1889. The birth was not registered until 5 November 1889 and it was possible that Mary Ann Hughes had forgotten the exact date of her child’s birth by then. St. Raphael's baptismal register showed that Eugene Owen Hughes was born on 23 September 1893 but no civil record of his birth was discovered.30 Home. 31 York Road, , Middlesex. Family. Son of Rylie Hughes [deceased] and Mary Ann Hughes, née O’Maley. Died. 3 February 1917, on H.M.S. Ghurka in the English Channel when his ship hit a German mine and sank. 31 Aged. 24 [born 1893]. Buried. Went down with his ship. Also commemorated. Teddington War Memorial, St. Michael’s Church, Fulwell, and Royal Navy Memorial, Portsmouth.32 Census. 1901: 2 Hope Avenue, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, aged 7, assumed to be a schoolboy. Other information. Listed on the RBKWMA database. Conclusion. Despite extensive research, no evidence was found that Reginald Riley Hughes died in the Great War period and an assumption was made that Reginald Hughes’ name was put on the memorial instead of Owen Hughes’ name.

22 30. NAME ON MEMORIAL. EDMUND HUYST. BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR or DFF databases. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. 31. PATRICK KELLY. BEST MATCH. None identified. Very common forename and surname combination on UKSKGW database. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. No evidence was found to support the war memorial statement that he was a parishioner. 32. WILLIAM E. KINGHAM. BEST MATCH. Private William Edgar Kingham, Queen’s Royal West Surrey Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. His name on Surbiton War Memorial suggested that he once lived in Surbiton. Home. Charlton, Surrey, according to UKSE database. Family. Son of Clara Kingham, widow. Miss Emmaline Page, was the sole legatee according to UKSE database. Died. Western Front, 19 October 1915. Died of wounds. Aged. 24. [born 1891]. Buried. Not found on CWGC database. Also commemorated. Surbiton War Memorial [W.E. Kingham]. Census. 1911: 24, Buckingham Place, Bognor Regis, Sussex, draper’s porter. Other information. The British Army WW1 Pensions Records database showed that on 24 September 1914, William Edgar Kingham, aged 23, was an outdoor servant born in Bognor, Sussex.33 33. ALEXANDRE LOCKEM BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR or DFF databases. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. 34. WILLIAM MCLAUCHLIN BEST MATCH. None identified. A common forename and surname combination on UKSKGW database. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. No evidence was found to support the war memorial statement that he was a parishioner. 35. ALFRED MARTIN BEST MATCH. None identified. A common forename and surname combination on UKSKGW database. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed Alfred Joseph Martin, born 8 May 1880, baptised 19 December 1880, son of Joseph Richard Martin and Selina Agnes Martin, formally Grainger.

23 36. JOHN O. BRIEN [O’BRIEN ASSUMED] BEST MATCH. Private John O’Brien, 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Mortlake according to Census, 1911. Lambeth according to UKSKGW database. Census:1901: John O’Brien, aged 11, son of Timothy O’Brien and Mary O’Brien, 11 Prospect Road, Mortlake, Surrey. Census: 1911: Private, East Surrey Regiment Depôt, Kingston upon Thames, aged 19. Died. 20 May 1918, killed in action, aged 22. Buried. No known grave. Commemorated. Ploegsteert Memorial. 37. JOHN O. NEILL [O’NEILL ASSUMED] BEST MATCH. None identified. A very common forename and surname combination on UKSKGW database. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. St. Raphael’s records showed that Honora O’Neill and Elizabeth O’Neill were confirmed on 25 November 1894. The burial register recorded that Ellen O’Neill was buried on 5 September 1886 at Kingston Cemetery. In the Census of 1891, Norah O’Neal and Elizabeth O’Neal, aged 4 and 5 respectively, lived at 8 Chapel Place, Kingston upon Thames. 38. HENRY J. PERRY BEST MATCH. Private Henry John Perry, 13th Kensington Battalion, London Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 21A, The Grove, Hammersmith, London. Census. 1911: 21A, The Grove, Hammersmith, shop assistant. Family. Son of Albert John and Annie Perry. Husband of Annie Perry, three children. Died. Western Front, 21 November 1914. Killed in action. Aged. 38. [born 1876]. Buried. Rue-David Military Cemetery, Fleurbaix, France. CWGC epitaph. “We have loved him in life, let us not forget him in death, R.I.P.” 39. JACK POPE BEST MATCH. 2nd Lieut. John Herbert Pope, Royal Irish Rifles. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. I, Upper Park Road, Kingston upon Thames. Census. 1911: Married Quarters, Kingston Barracks, father, Lieutenant, East Surrey Regiment. John Herbert Pope, born in Malta, both parents born in Ireland. Assumed to have been a schoolboy. Family. Son of Major John James and Margaret Mary Pope. Died. Western Front, 11 April 1917. Died of wounds. Age at death. 22. [born 1895]. Buried. Athies Communal Cemetery Extension, France.

24 40. LEO RENDAL BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR or DFF databases. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. 41. FERDINAND SPANOGUE BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR or DFF databases. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. 42. CHARLES DE SOUBEYRAN BEST MATCH. None identified. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Not found on UKSKGW, BWDR or DFF databases. It was assumed that he was a Belgian citizen and was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. 43. JOHN STOOP BEST MATCH. Private, Second Class, Jean Joseph Jacques Marie Stoop, Belgian Army. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. It was assumed that he was known by a member of the parish who was a Belgian refugee. Home. Borgerhout, Belgium. Family. Son of Jean Gistaaf and Maria Philomena Stoop, née Van Cant. Died. Western Front, 7 February 1916. Cause of death not stated. Age at death. 21. [born 1895]. Buried. Adinkerke Heldenweg Military Cemetery, Belgium. 44. W. G. SILLS BEST MATCH. Private William George Herbert John Beard Sills, 1st Battalion, The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 12, Summer Rd., East Molesey, Surrey. Family. Son of William and Mary Sills. Died. Western Front, 21 September 1918. Killed in action. Age at death. 20. [born 1898]. Buried. Pigeon Ravine Cemetery, Ephey, Somme, France. Census. 1911: 7 Bedford Road, Guildford, Surrey, schoolboy. 45. WILLIAM STEDMAN. BEST MATCH. 2nd Lieutenant William Walter Thomas Stedman, 18th [County of London] Battalion London Irish Rifles, London Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. 200, Kennington Park Road, London. Census. 1911: 200, Kennington Park Road, London. Family. Son of William and Margaret Stedman. Died. Western Front, 10 November 1916. Killed in

25 action. Age at death. 30. [born 1886]. Buried. Woods Cemetery, West Vlaanderen, Belgium. Probate. £136. Beneficiary, Margaret Stedman, wife of William Henry Stedman. 46. HUGH WELCH. BEST MATCH. Lieutenant Hugh Toby Welch, 1st Squadron Royal Flying Corps and Royal Field Artillery. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Windy Pitch, Witnesham, Ipswich, Suffolk. Born in London, according to CWGC. Census. 1911: 34, Westmount Road, Eltham, , schoolboy. Family. Son of Thomas Hulme and Margaret Welch. Died. Western Front, 28 March, 1917. Killed in action. Age at death. 20. [born 1897]. Buried. Arras Road Cemetery, Roclincourt, France. CWGC epitaph. “Va Ton Fils Vit”. French, translated as “go, your son lives” from St. John’s Gospel, 5:50. Probate. £175. Beneficiary, Thomas Hulme Welch, principal clerk of ordnance factories. 47. WILLIAM WHITE. BEST MATCH. Private William Henry White, 7th Battalion, The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Arch Cottage, Tilt, Cobham, Surrey. Census. 1911: Arch Cottage, Tilt, Cobham, Surrey, butcher’s assistant. Family. Son of William White. Died. Western Front, 1 July 1916. Killed in action. Age at death. 28 [born 1888]. Buried. Danzig Alley British Cemetery, Mametz, France. CWGC epitaph. “Abide with me”. 48. MISS FLORENCE M. SMALPAGE. BEST MATCH. Miss Florence Mary Smalpage, a civilian. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. The Surrey Comet, 14 July 1917 reported: “Miss Florence Mary Smalpage, 31 Beaufort Road, Kingston, was visiting a married sister in a northern part of London and was struck by shrapnel from English guns whilst in the garden; death was almost instantaneous. For many years the family have been closely associated with St. Raphael’s Church, the deceased and her sisters being devoted workers in various organisations connected with it…she was a voluntary canteen worker in the district, who will be greatly missed.” The Surrey Advertiser, 11 July 1917, reported her Requiem Mass at St. Raphael’s Church earlier. Florence Mary Smalpage was watching aerial fights between German bombers and British fighters at The Officer’s Quarters, Enfield Lock, where she was visiting her married sister. Home. 31 Beaufort

26 Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey. Census.1911: 31 Beaufort Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, spinster. Family. Sister of Sibyl Mary Smalpage. Died. Home Front, 7 July 1917. Death certificate. Cause of death. Shock from injuries received from a fragment of shell from anti-aircraft gun which had struck deceased in the region of the heart. Certificate received from the Coroner for Liberty of the Dutchy of Lancaster. Inquest held on 10 July 1917. Age at death. 44. [born 1873]. Buried. Cheshunt Cemetery, Hertfordshire. Other information. She was killed by shrapnel from an English anti-aircraft gun that was firing at the German aeroplanes.34 49. MISS IVONNE CUNNINGHAM BEST MATCH. Yvonne-Marie Cunningham, a civilian. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. The surname, Cunningham, suggested that she was of Irish or English descent through her father, Daniel Cunningham. An assumption was made that she was known to a member of the parish who had connections in France. The death, between 1914-1919, of anyone called Ivonne or Yvonne Cunningham was not discovered on The England & Wales Civil Registration Death Indices for 1837-1915 and 1916-2007. Although the deaths of a number of people called Margaret Cunningham [below] were discovered none could be proposed as a best match. Home. Assumed to be Paris. Family. Daughter of Daniel and Augusta Cunningham, née Noiseux. Sister of Marguerite Cunningham and Maurice Cunningham.35 Died. Killed during the long-distance bombardment of Paris by German forces on Good Friday, 29 March 1918. With her sister Marguerite, see below, and her mother, she was at a Mass in the Church of St. Gervais and St. Protais, in the 4th Arrondissement, when a shell hit the roof and burst. It was reported that when the bombardment started the sisters they would not leave the Mass, saying that in the Church they were in God’s hands. 75 people were killed, including her sister, and 90 people were injured, including her mother.36 Age at death. 20 [born 1898]. Buried. Assumed to in Paris. 50. MISS MARGARET CUNNINGHAM BEST MATCH. Marguerite Cunningham, a civilian. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Home. Sister of Yvonne-Marie Cunningham, see no. 49 above. Died. See no. 49 above. Age at death. 18 [born 1900]. Buried. Assumed to be in Paris.

27 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS First, it was necessary to consider significant inconsistencies between some entries on the war memorial and best matches that were identified. These included differences in military ranks and spellings of names: examples follow. The best match for Captain John Foreman on the memorial was Lieutenant John Eugene Foreman. The best match for Lieutenant Carlos Roose was Private 2nd Class Carlos Jules Henri Roose. The plain George Harter on the memorial was Captain John George Harter and the best match for the plain James P. Bennett was the distinguished Sergeant James Paul Bennett, MM, Belgian Croix de Guerre. One example of significant spelling differences were John O. Brien and John O. Neill, which were much more likely to have been John O’Brien and John O’Neil, respectively. Other examples were Ivonne and Margaret Cunningham, instead of Yvonne-Marie and Marguerite Cunningham, respectively. Additionally, Reginald Hughes appeared to have been substituted for Able Seaman Owen Hughes, his brother. And, the best match for the plain William W. Fagan was Captain William Whelply Fagan, who died in 1910 before WW1 started. A possible interpretation of these differences was that the list of names was compiled from the fallible memories of those involved in the process rather than accurate written records. The unusual and perhaps phonetic spelling of Ivonne [Cunningham] instead of the usual Yvonne supported this idea. Refugees probably would have returned to their homeland when the list was draw up and would not have been available for consultation. The State Archives of Belgium provided evidence that Englebert Cappuyns who was living Kingston in 1918, had returned to Louvain by early 1919 [see No. 7, above]. It was likely that for the sake of brevity and perhaps to reduce the costs of lettering, the full names of the dead and their military ranks were not stated on the war memorial. Second, it was necessary to consider the significant difference between the cause of death stated on the epitaph of Sergeant James Paul Bennett [Figure 4] and that on his death certificate [Figure 5]. The epitaph stated that he died of wounds received at Passchendaele in November 1917. The death

28 certificate stated that he died of pulmonary tuberculosis in November 1918. Clearly his next of kin who specified the epitaph attributed his death to wounds received in action while the official view was that he died a year later of disease. Similarly, the death of Ellen Annetta Broad, according to the Borough of Kingston upon Thames’ Roll of Honour, was septic poisoning while employed in the vulcanising department of the Womans’ Royal Air Force [WRAF] at Hurst Park, Surrey.37 However, her death certificate stated that she died of influenza and pneumonia. The informant was her mother, Frances Ellen Broad. She also provided the different information for the Roll of Honour. Both cases demonstrated a conflict between original sources and they illustrated the benefit of obtaining a death certificate to determine the official cause of death, rather than what the next of kin believed the cause of death to be. There was no reason to doubt whether Sergeant Bennett was wounded at Passchendaele or that Miss Broad acquired septic poisoning as a consequence of her war service. But what they died of later was a different matter. Next, the inscription on the memorial was revisited. It stated that it was “Erected to God for victory and in memory of…members of the parish who made the supreme sacrifice during the Great War”. Two phrases needed analysis. These were “members of the parish” and “made the supreme sacrifice during the Great War”. MEMBERS OF THE PARISH Assumptions earlier were made that thirteen of those listed on the memorial were known to Belgian refugees who were members of the parish, perhaps as relations or friends. Moreover, perhaps the two Cunningham sisters from France, killed during the bombardment of Paris in 1918, were known to a member of the parish who had a French connection. For sixteen persons named on the memorial as “members of the parish” no evidence was found to support this. The assumptions about Belgian refugees and the Cunningham sisters begged the question whether they had, in effect, been given honorary status as parishioners because they died during WW1, were remembered when the memorial was being planned and were considered worthy to be listed thereon. Perhaps the same could be said for other parishioners. While there was

29 evidence that Captain William Whelply Fagan was baptised at St. Raphael’s Church and once lived nearby in Surbiton, he certainly died before WW1 started. Assuming that this was known, was he was considered worthy to have his name on the memorial, nevertheless? No evidence was found during the research period to investigate these hypotheses and they could be taken no further. It was hoped that in due course, more supporting evidence would come to light. MADE THE SUPREME SACRIFICE DURING THE GREAT WAR In the context of a war memorial, this phrase could mean “prepared to die in the service of one’s country”. It was likely that the military volunteers were willing to risk their lives when they went to war. Those who were conscripted must have known that that military service carried with it the risk of death when they went to war. However, the three civilian women did not go to war; rather, war came to them. Florence Smalpage was killed by shrapnel from a British anti-aircraft gun while watching a German bombing raid on London. The Cunningham sisters were killed in a church as a result of German long- range bombardment of Paris. Some of the British war dead were killed in action and some died of wounds. One British sailor and one Belgian sailor went down with their ships when they were sunk by enemy action. One British airman was killed in a flying accident while training. Two British soldiers died of disease, and one was murdered by a comrade who was of unsound mind. The age range of the British dead was 18 – 47, with the majority under 30 years of age. The pre-war occupations of the British dead included actor, carman, draper’s assistant, merchant’s clerk, physician, professional soldier, shop assistant and stockbroker. One was a student and at least eight were schoolboys before WW1 started. For the Belgian citizens, Joseph Berthelet, Adolphe Criquillon, Gustave Delannois, Alexandre Lockem, Leo Rendal, Ferdinand Spanogue, and Charles de Soubeyran, no matches could be found on the relevant military war dead databases. In WW1, the 62,000 Belgian civilian deaths included those resulting from German reprisals and food shortages. And it was estimated that overall 6,500 Belgian and French civilians were killed in German reprisals. 38 The possibility that these Belgians died in German

30 reprisals or as a consequence of food shortages could not be dismissed and it was concluded that more research was needed. The research provided an opportunity to collect data for a project on accumulated wealth, according to probate valuations, of members of the armed forces who died during WW1. In round figures, of the twelve on the war memorial at St. Raphael’s Church whose probate valuations could be found, the amounts ranged from £136-£6,000. It was found that where epitaphs on CWGC gravestones were available, often these added positively to the accumulated evidence which suggested that the deceased person was a Roman Catholic. It is hoped that this paper will awaken the memories of St. Raphael’s parishioners and others and that more information will become available about the people named on the war memorial. Finally, it is concluded that if no best match was identified or if a best match later was found to be spurious, nevertheless behind each name on the war memorial at St. Raphael’s Church was a person who certainly was known unto God. Requiescant in Pace. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank John McCarthy for helpful comments on the penultimate version of this paper and for photography, Michael Pearce, church manager, for helpful discussions, staff of Kingston History Centre and the Archivist of Southwark Roman Catholic Archdiocese for their professional help during the research.

1 See https://straphaelsurbiton.org.uk Accessed on 17 May 2019, as were all the following websites. St. Raphael’s postal address is Portsmouth Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2NA. Previously, the Royal Borough was known as Kingston on Thames, Kingston-on-Thames or Kingston-upon-Thames. In this paper it is referred to as Kingston or Kingston upon Thames. 2 See no. 25 listed, William W. Fagan. The best match that could be proposed was William Whelply Fagan who died in 1910. 3 See http://www.ukwarmemorials.org/war-memorials/ 4 See https://www.cwgc.org/about-us/faqs#whowecommemorate 5 http://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/userfiles/files/REPERES%20–%20module%201-1- 1%20-%20explanatory%20notes%20–%20World%20War%20I%20casualties%20– %20EN.pdf 6 See http://www.local-hero.org.uk http://www.tolworthtm.org/category/uncategorised/ John Fisher and Susan Watts, 2015, “We will remember them”. The men from Kingston Congregational Church who died in the Great War, 1914-1918, Kingston, Kingston United Reformed Church. Note that the dates on the relevant war memorial are 1914-1919. 7 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28857769

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8 The Surrey Advertiser, 28 October 1914, 7 November 1914, 29 November 1914, 9 January 1915, 29 May 1915 & 11 September 1915. I am grateful to Helen Swainger of Kingston History Centre for providing the evidence of Belgian hostels that had featured in the Kingston At War Exhibition. 9 Surrey Comet, 6 June 1918. Englebert Cappuyns, 1915, Louvain: a personal experience, Kingston upon Thames, Knapp Drewett https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6575761M/Louvain http://www.ukwarmemorials.org/war-memorials/ 10 I am grateful to Helen Swainger of Kingston History Centre for this information. 11 Surrey Comet, 5 June 1918. Englebert Cappuyns, 1915, Louvain: a personal experience, Kingston upon Thames, Knapp Drewett https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6575761M/Louvain 12 http://www.ukwarmemorials.org/war-memorials/ 13 Held in the archives of St. Raphael’s Church, Surbiton. 14 I am grateful to the Diocesan Archivist, Jenny Delves, for this information. 15 I am grateful to the Diocesan Archivist, Jenny Delves, for this information. 16 See From Madras to Surbiton. Alexander Raphael, unbeaten champion, 1775-1850, www.kingstonhistoryresearch.co.uk 17 He was entitled to the 1914-1915 Star, having disembarked in France on 7 January 1915 when he would have been aged 44 - see UK, WW1 Service Medal and Award Rolls, 1914- 1920. He served as a Captain and 1st Assistant Superintendent in the Remount Service, having earlier been a Lieutenant in the Yorkshire Regiment - see http://www.thepeerage.com/p4951.htm 18 See, Fr. John Fletcher, 1920, My notes on Surrey parish boundaries, Southwark Catholic Archdiocese Archives, with acknowledgement to Jenny Delves, Diocesan Archivist. 19 http://www.ramc-ww1.com/profile.php?cPath=625_474&profile_id=10140 20 https://www.ampleforth.org.uk/college/ 21 https://www.stonyhurst.ac.uk 22 See his Death Certificate. 23 https://www.stgeorgesweybridge.com 24 See endnote 7. 25 https://www.stgeorgesweybridge.com 26 The English College of St. Peter & St. Paul in Lisbon was a seminary. See Michael E. Williams, 1991, The origins of the English College, Lisbon, British Catholic History, 20, October 1991, pp. 478-492. 27 Major General C. H. Foulkes, 1934, reprinted 2001, Gas. The story of the Special Brigade, Uckfield, The Naval & Military Press Ltd. 28 See also, Sandra Coombs, 2012, The Italians in Kingston, unpublished paper in the archives of St. Raphael’s Church, Surbiton. 29 https://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/en/article.php?larub=80 30 In the handwritten Register, the name Owen was preceded by the name Eugene or Eugenus and the name Riley was preceded with the name Reginaldus. It was assumed that this was an attempted by the Priest, Father William Morley, to “latinise” the names and that later the name Reginald was adopted instead of Riley. 31 https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blog/loss-hms-ghurka/ 32 http://www.teddsoc-wiki.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=Hughes,_Owen 33 https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi- bin/sse.dll?dbid=1114&h=429427&indiv=try&o_vc=Record:OtherRecord&rhSource=1543 34 See Times, 11 July 1917. 35 MyHeritage.com https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-1-130143132-1-87/yvonne-cunningham-in- myheritage-family-trees?s=550381941 36 Baron de Coubertin, 1919, Le livre d’or des victims du bombardment de l’eglise Saint- Gervais, le Vendredi Saint, 29 Mars 1918. I am grateful to Aliénor Kennedy for the translation. See also, The Tablet, 6 April 1918. 37 During WW1, Hurst Park was a training airfield for the RFC and later the RAF. It was assumed that Ellen Broad, a member of the WRAF, was employed in the vulcanising of rubber used in repair work. The RBKWMA database recorded that she served at WRAF, No. 1, Motor Transport Repair Depôt. See http://www.moleseyhistory.co.uk/books/molesey/tm/tm_19.htm http://www.local-hero.org.uk/WW1fallen.php

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38 http://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/userfiles/files/REPERES%20–%20module%201-1- 1%20-%20explanatory%20notes%20–%20World%20War%20I%20casualties%20– %20EN.pdf

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