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Buzepide Metiodide/Certolizumab Pegol 1715 Laemia

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Buzepide Metiodide/Certolizumab Pegol 1715 Laemia Buzepide Metiodide/Certolizumab Pegol 1715 laemia. This may cause or exacerbate hypertension, heart failure, berne; Belg.: Grains de Vals; Vethoine; Braz.: Bilifel†; Boldopeptan†; Chof- oedema, alkalosis, and muscle weakness and damage, and sys- ranina; Composto Emagrecedor†; Emagrevit†; Eparema; Jurubileno†; Pilulas De Witt’s†; Prisoventril†; Solvobil; Ventre Livre†; Canad.: Bicholate; Cho- temic carbenoxolone should therefore be used with caution, if at HO lasyn II; Cholasyn†; Control; Doulax; Extra Strong Formula 12†; Herbal Lax- all, in patients with cardiovascular disease. If hypokalaemia is ative; Herbal Laxative plus Yogurt; Herbal Laxative†; Herbalax†; Herbolax; prolonged, renal impairment can occur. Care is needed in pre- Herborex; Laxaco; Laxative†; Mucinum†; Thunas Laxative†; Chile: Bulgaro- existing hepatic or renal impairment. Regular monitoring of O lax; Fr.: Dragees Fuca; Dragees Vegetales Rex; Grains de Vals; Imegul†; Mu- OH cinum a l’Extrait de Cascara; Hong Kong: Mucinum Cascara†; Ital.: Amaro weight and blood pressure is advised; if hypokalaemia, oedema, Medicinale; Coladren; Combilax; Confetti Lassativi CM; Critichol; Digelax†; or a significant rise in blood pressure occurs, carbenoxolone ther- OO OH Dis-Cinil Complex; Draverex; Eparema; Eparema-Levul; Eupatol; Fave di Fu- apy should be stopped. Potassium depletion may be corrected HO ca; Grani di Vals; Hepatos; Hepatos B12; Lassatina†; Magisbile†; Mepalax; with potassium supplements. Systemic use of carbenoxolone OH Schias-Amaro Medicinale†; Solvobil; Stimolfit; Vadolax†; Norw.: Cosylan; sodium is contra-indicated in patients with hypokalaemia, in Port.: Caroid†; Mucinum; S.Afr.: Moultons Herbal Extract; Veracolate†; Spain: Crislaxo; Lipograsil; Menabil Complex†; Nico Hepatocyn; Pildoras pregnancy, in the elderly, and in children. OH Zeninas; Swed.: Emulax; Switz.: Padma-Lax; Padmed Laxan; Thai.: Flatu- 1-5 4 1 lence; Hemolax; Veracolate; UK: Dual-Lax Extra Strong; Dual-Lax Normal ◊ Muscle weakness, muscle necrosis, myopathy, hyperten- HO Strength; Jacksons Herbal Laxative; Laxative Tablets; Modern Herbals Laxa- sion,2 headache,2 cardiac failure,2 mental confusion,4 areflexia,3 tive; Modern Herbals Pile; Natural Herb Tablets; Out-of-Sorts; Pileabs; Pi- renal tubular dysfunction,5 and acute tubular necrosis4 have all letabs; Rhuaka; Senokot Dual Relief; Skin Eruptions Mixture; USA: Concen- been associated with carbenoxolone-induced hypokalaemia. O trated Milk of Magnesia-Cascara; Venez.: Gameral. Carbenoxolone-induced hypertension may have precipitated the OH onset of fatal polyarteritis in a patient predisposed to this condi- HO tion.6 Cassia Pulp OH 1. Fyfe T, et al. Myopathy and hypokalaemia in carbenoxolone Fístula, pulpa de caña. therapy. BMJ 1969; 3: 476. (cascaroside A) Мякоть Амалтас 2. Davies GJ, et al. Complications of carbenoxolone therapy. BMJ 1974; 3: 400–2. Profile Pharmacopoeias. In US. 3. Royston A, Prout BJ. Carbenoxolone-induced hypokalaemia Cassia pulp is the evaporated aqueous extract of crushed ripe cas- simulating Guillain-Barré syndrome. BMJ 1976; 2: 150–1. USP 31 (Casanthranol). It is obtained from cascara. It contains sia fruits (cassia pods), Cassia fistula (Leguminosae). It is a mild not less than 20% of total hydroxyanthracene derivatives calcu- 4. Descamps C, et al. Rhabdomyolysis and acute tubular necrosis anthraquinone stimulant laxative with general properties similar associated with carbenoxolone and diuretic treatment. BMJ lated on the dried basis, of which not less than 80% consists of to those of senna (p.1769). 1977; 1: 272. cascarosides, both calculated as cascaroside A Preparations (C H O = 580.5). 5. Dickinson RJ, Swaminathan R. Total body potassium depletion 27 32 14 Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) and renal tubular dysfunction following carbenoxolone therapy. It is a light tan to brown, amorphous, hygroscopic powder. Freely Postgrad Med J 1978; 54: 836–7. soluble in water with some residue; partially soluble in methyl Multi-ingredient: Braz.: Fitolax; Florlax; Fontolax; Forlax; Frutalax†; Lax- arine†; Laxtam; Naturetti; Sene Composta†; Tamaril; Tamarine; Tamarix†; 6. Sloan J, Weaver JA. A case of polyarteritis developing after alcohol and in hot isopropyl alcohol; practically insoluble in Fr.: Benetransit; Ital.: Miracolon; Tamarine; Mex.: Naturetti†; S.Afr.: Ent- carbenoxolone therapy. Ir Med J 1968; 1: 505–7. acetone. Store in airtight containers at a temperature not exceed- ressdruppels HM; Spain: Pruina. ing 30°. Protect from light. Handling. Carbenoxolone sodium powder is irritant to nasal membranes. Profile Casanthranol is an anthraquinone stimulant laxative with general Cerium Oxalate Interactions properties similar to those of senna (p.1769). It is given in usual Cerii Oxalas; Cerio, oxalato de; Ceriumoksalaatti; Ceriumoxalat. Because of the risk of toxicity, carbenoxolone should not be tak- oral doses of 30 to 60 mg daily with a faecal softener. In severe en with digitalis glycosides unless serum-electrolyte concentra- cases a dose of 90 mg daily, or 60 mg twice daily, may be given. Церия Оксалат tions are measured at weekly intervals and precautions are taken Preparations CAS — 139-42-4 (anhydrous cerous oxalate); 15053-73- to avoid hypokalaemia. 3 (cerous oxalate decahydrate). Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) ATC — A04AD02. Although amiloride or spironolactone relieve sodium and water Belg.: Cascalax†; Neth.: Cascalax. ATC Vet — QA04AD02. retention, they antagonise the efficacy of systemic carbenoxo- Multi-ingredient: Arg.: Bil 13; En-Ga-Lax; Canad.: Peri-Colace†; Spain: lone and should not be used with it. The hypokalaemia associated Laxvital; USA: Black-Draught†; Docusoft Plus; Genasoft Plus Softgels†; Lax- NOTE. Cerium oxalate has been defined as consisting of about with diuretics may be exacerbated by carbenoxolone. ative & Stool Softener; Peri-Dos Softgels†; Silace-C†. 50% of cerous oxalate ((C2O4)3Ce2,10H2O) with the oxalates of numerous other rare earths, especially lanthanum, praseody- Pharmacokinetics mium, and neodymium. Oxalates of the form (C2O4)3Ce2,xH2O Carbenoxolone sodium is absorbed from the gastrointestinal are also referred to as cerium or cerous oxalate. tract, mainly from the stomach. It is highly bound to plasma pro- Cascara Profile teins. Carbenoxolone is chiefly excreted in the faeces via the bile. Amerikiniu˛ šaltekšniu˛ žieve˙; Cáscara sagrada; Cascararinde; Cerium oxalate has been used as an antiemetic. It appears to undergo enterohepatic circulation. Chittem Bark; Kaszkarabokor kéreg; Kůra řešetláku Purshova; Preparations Rhamni purshianae cortex; Rhamni Purshiani Cortex; Sacred (details are given in Part 3) Uses and Administration Bark; Sagradabark; Sagradankuori. Proprietary Preparations Carbenoxolone sodium is a synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizic Multi-ingredient: Spain: Novonausin†. acid (p.2316) that was formerly used as a mucosal protectant in Жостер Пурша; Крушина Пурша peptic ulcer disease and has been given with antacids and alginic CAS — 8047-27-6; 8015-89-2 (cascara sagrada extract). acid in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. ATC — A06AB07. ATC Vet — QA06AB07. Certolizumab Pegol (BAN, USAN, rINN) Carbenoxolone sodium is one of many topical treatments for the CDP-870; Certolizumab Pégol; Certolizumabum Pegolum; symptomatic management of mouth ulceration (p.1700). It is Pharmacopoeias. In Eur. (see p.vii) and US. PHA-738144. usually used as a 2% gel; a 1% mouthwash has been used. Ph. Eur. 6.2 (Cascara). The dried, whole or fragmented bark of Rhamnus purshianus (=Frangula purshiana). It contains not less Цертолизумаб Пегол Mental function. High cortisol concentrations have been asso- than 8.0% of hydroxyanthracene glycosides of which not less CAS — 428863-50-7. ciated with poorer memory and neuronal loss in some patients. than 60% consists of cascarosides, both expressed as cascaroside ATC — L04AB05. Carbenoxolone inhibits 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase A (C27H32O14 = 580.5). and calculated with reference to the ATC Vet — QL04AB05. type 1, and thus may selectively lower intracellular cortisol. In a dried drug. Protect from light. Adverse Effects and Precautions small crossover study in 10 healthy elderly men, carbenoxolone USP 31 (Cascara Sagrada). The dried bark of Rhamnus pur- As for Infliximab, p.69. 100 mg three times daily by mouth for 4 weeks significantly im- shianus (Rhamnaceae). It contains not less than 7% of total proved verbal fluency compared with placebo, but did not influ- hydroxyanthracene derivatives calculated on the dried basis, of Interactions ence visual or verbal memory, nonverbal reasoning, or process- which not less than 60% consists of cascarosides, both calculated As for Infliximab, p.71 ing speed. Twelve patients with stable type 2 diabetes were given as cascaroside A. It has a distinct odour. Uses and Administration carbenoxolone at the same dose for 6 weeks. Verbal memory was Profile Certolizumab pegol is a pegylated tumour necrosis factor anti- significantly improved compared with placebo, but verbal fluen- body fragment. It is used in the treatment of patients with mod- cy and other scores were unaltered. All subjects were given ami- Cascara is an anthraquinone stimulant laxative with general properties similar to those of senna (p.1769). It has been used in erate to severe, active Crohn’s disease (p.1697) who have had an loride 10 mg daily to prevent mineralocorticoid adverse effects inadequate response to conventional treatment. The initial dose (but see Interactions, above).1 the
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