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Projeto Final Centro Universitário de Brasília – UniCEUB Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas – FATECS Projeto Final Remasterização de uma distribuição GNU/Linux visando uma solução automatizada para servidores de e-mail Thiago de Almeida Milhomem RA: 2046610/3 Monografia de Conclusão do Curso de Engenharia de Computação Professor orientador: M.Sc. Antônio José Gonçalves Pinto Brasília – DF, junho de 2009 Thiago de Almeida Milhomem Remasterização de uma distribuição GNU/Linux visando uma solução automatizada para servidores de e-mail Trabalho de conclusão do curso de Engenharia de Computação da Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, para obtenção do título de Bacharelado em Engenharia de Computação pelo Centro Universitário de Brasília – UniCEUB. Professor orientador: M.Sc. Antonio José Gonçalves Pinto Brasília – DF, junho de 2009 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer à minha família pelo apoio e paciência durante o período de realização desse projeto. Ao meu amigo e chefe, Alfredo Gomes da Silva Júnior, pelo compartilhamento de idéias e apoio. À minha namorada, Dayanna de Menezes Martins, pela atenção, compreenção e carinho. RESUMO Este projeto apresenta uma solução para servidores de correio eletrônico, com o foco na facilidade na administração, que possa ser instalada e configurada de forma simples e rápida. Isso é feito através da remasterização da imagem de instalação de um sistema GNU/Linux, que possui a finalidade de automatizar todo o processo de instalação e configuração do servidor. São abordados diversos temas relacionados ao serviço de e-mail, utilizados na implementação do servidor. Também é discutido todo o processo de automatização da instalação e configuração do servidor. A segurança da solução é garantida através de criptografia e ferramentas que auxiliam no combate aos spams. Toda a solução é composta de softwares livres, o que descarta a necessidade de gastos com licenças de software. Palavras-chaves: e-mail, segurança, automatização ABSTRACT This project provides a solution for mail servers with a focus on easiness of administration, which can be installed and configured in a simple and fast form. This is done through the remastering of installation image of a GNU/Linux system, which has the purpose of automating the entire process of installing and configuring the server. Diverse subjects related to the mail service are aborted, that had been used in the implementation of the server. It also be discussed the process of automating the installation and configuration of the server. The security of the solution is ensured by encryption and tools that help to combat the spams. The whole solution is implemented with free software, which discards the necessity of expenses with software licenses. Keywords: mail, security, automatization. LISTAS DE FIGURAS FIGURA 1: “MODELO DE VIRTUALIZAÇÃO UTILIZADO NO PROJETO”. ............................................................................. 16 FIGURA 2: “FUNCIONAMENTO DO SISTEMA DE E-MAIL”. .................................................................................................. 19 FIGURA 3: “ENVIO DE E-MAIL VIA LINHA DE COMANDO”................................................................................................... 21 FIGURA 4: “FUNCIONAMENTO DA ENTREGA DE UMA MENSAGEM”. ............................................................................... 23 FIGURA 5: ”SESSÃO POP3 VIA LINHA DE COMANDO”. ...................................................................................................... 25 FIGURA 6: “FUNCIONAMENTO DO IMAP”. ............................................................................................................................ 26 FIGURA 7: “COMANDOS IMAP NO ESTADO AUTENTICADO”. ............................................................................................ 29 FIGURA 8: “COMANDOS IMAP NO ESTADO DE SELEÇÃO”. ............................................................................................... 29 FIGURA 9: “CAIXA POSTAL NO FORMATO MBOX”. ............................................................................................................. 30 FIGURA 10: “ESTRUTURA DE DIRETÓRIOS DO FORMATO MAILDIR”. .............................................................................. 31 FIGURA 11: “ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS MENSAGENS NO FORMATO MAILDIR”. ...................................................................... 32 FIGURA 12: “CENÁRIO PROPOSTO PARA A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO”. ...................................................................................... 40 FIGURA 13: “OPÇÃO DE UTILIZAR UMA IMAGEM ISO 9660 NO SOFTWARE VMWARE SERVER.” .................................. 42 FIGURA 14: “TELA INICIAL DE INSTALAÇÃO DO MANDRIVA LINUX.” ............................................................................... 43 FIGURA 15: “MENU DE PARTICIONAMENTO DO INSTALADOR DO MANDRIVA LINUX.” .................................................. 45 FIGURA 16: “TELA DE SELEÇÃO DE PACOTES DO INSTALADOR DO MANDRIVA LINUX.” ............................................. 46 FIGURA 17: “CRIAÇÃO DA BASE DE DADOS POSTFIX NO BANCO DE DADOS.” ............................................................. 48 FIGURA 18: “ARQUIVOS DO SOFTWARE POSTFIX ADMIN.” ............................................................................................... 48 FIGURA 19: “CRIAÇÃO DAS TABELAS PELO POSTFIX ADMIN.” ........................................................................................ 51 FIGURA 20: “ESTRUTURA DE TABELAS CRIADA PELO POSTFIX ADMIN.” ....................................................................... 52 FIGURA 21: “INTERFACE DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO POSTFIX ADMIN.” .............................................................................. 53 FIGURA 22: “ARQUIVOS DE CONFIGURAÇÃO DO POSTFIX.” ............................................................................................ 54 FIGURA 23: “PARÂMETROS DO ARQUIVO VIRTUAL-MAILBOX-MAPS.CF.” ...................................................................... 56 FIGURA 24: "CRIAÇÃO DA BASE DE DADOS ROUNDCUBEMAIL." .................................................................................... 59 FIGURA 25: "ARQUIVOS DO SOFTWARE ROUNDCUBE." .................................................................................................... 60 FIGURA 26: “TELA DO LOGIN DO WEBMAIL ROUNDCUBE.” .............................................................................................. 63 FIGURA 27: “REGISTRO DE MTAS AUTORIZADOS PELO DOMÍNIO UOL.COM.BR.” ......................................................... 66 FIGURA 28: “LÓGICA IMPLEMENTADA NOS MTAS COM SUPORTE AO GREYLISTING.” ................................................. 68 FIGURA 29: “CRIAÇÃO DA BASE DE DADOS DSPAM.” ....................................................................................................... 71 FIGURA 30: “INTERFACE WEB DO DSPAM.” ........................................................................................................................ 77 FIGURA 31: “CERTIFICADOS UTILIZADOS PARA OS PROTOCOLOS HTTPS, IMAPS E POPS” ....................................... 79 FIGURA 32: “PROCESSO DE MONTAGEM DA IMAGEM DE INSTALAÇÃO.” ...................................................................... 82 FIGURA 33: “DIRETÓRIO I586 SITUADO NA IMAGEM DE INSTALAÇÃO DO SISTEMA.” ................................................... 83 FIGURA 34: “CONTEÚDO DO DIRETÓRIO STAGE2.” ........................................................................................................... 84 FIGURA 35: “ESTRUTURA DO DIRETÓRIO SQUASHFS-ROOT.” ......................................................................................... 84 FIGURA 36: “ESTRUTURA DE PASTAS DO DIRETÓRIO CONFIGURADOR.” ...................................................................... 86 FIGURA 37: “CONTEÚDO DO DIRETÓRIO BIN.” ................................................................................................................... 88 FIGURA 38: “TELA INICIAL DO SCRIPT BEMVINDO.SH.” ..................................................................................................... 95 FIGURA 39: “TOPOLOGIA UTILIZADA NOS TESTES.” ......................................................................................................... 98 FIGURA 40: “DOMÍNIOS CRIADOS PARA TESTES NA FERRAMENTA POSTFIX ADMIN.” ............................................... 100 FIGURA 41: “ENVIO DE UMA MENSAGEM DE TESTE ATRAVÉS DE UM CLIENTE DE E-MAIL.” ..................................... 100 FIGURA 42: “MENSAGEM VISUALIZADA NO WEBMAIL DO PROJETO.” .......................................................................... 101 FIGURA 43: “TESTE DE ENVIO DE MENSAGEM PARA UM DOMÍNIO NA INTERNET.” .................................................... 102 FIGURA 44: “TESTE DE RECEBIMENTO DE MENSAGEM DE UM DOMÍNIO NA INTERNET.” .......................................... 102 FIGURA 45: “TOPOLOGIA DE TESTES COM A FERRAMENTA WIRESHARK.” ................................................................. 103 FIGURA 46: “COMUNICAÇÃO IMAP EM TEXTO CLARO.” .................................................................................................. 104 FIGURA 47: “COMUNICAÇÃO IMAP CRIPTOGRAFADA.” ................................................................................................... 105 FIGURA 48: “ERRO APRESENTADO PELO NAVEGADOR DE INTERNET.” ....................................................................... 105 FIGURA 49: “COMUNICAÇÃO HTTP CRIPTOGRAFADA.” .................................................................................................
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