June 2012 Junie 2012
LandLand ReformReform ImbizoImbizo 2828
Treating Poultry Diseases without Antibiotics - 48
New Performance Manufacturing Enhancement with Incentive Launched Sodium Diformate 26 46
The official mouthpiece of the South African Poultry Association | Die amptelike mondstuk van die Suid-Afrikaanse Pluimveevereniging Founded 1904 | Gestig 1904 | www.sapoultry.co.za Ross Poultry Breeders A Division of Astral Operations Ltd Welverdiend Farm Heidelberg-Meyerton Road Meyerton 1960 ROSS JUNJUN || 1212 CONTENTS
| Features
FROM THE DESK | UIT DIE PEN VAN 03 From the desk of the CEO 06 SAPA Statistics: Executive Overview: Broiler Industry Potential Dear Reader Production Report 10 Egg Marketing: Eggs are Magic Activations Medical matters with Dr Don McNamara in South Africa Introduction 12 SAPA News: Project Progress 16 Training and Development Update Phew! Avi Africa 2012 has come and gone: the staff 20 PDMA is on a roll are tired but happy at its success and hopefully you 22 Today in the USA: Sanderson farms follows favourable U.S. feel the same. Any feedback on any of the AGM trend in profitability process, the exhibition or the conference will be 24 Northern Views: Importance of imports appreciated. The practical production session seemed 26 News/Nuus: New manufacturing incentive launched to be successful; as this was the first time we 28 Honest dialogue the hallmark of land reform Imbizo conducted such a session, we need delegate 29 ABSA launches farmer’s payment solution 30 Agri SA reageer op Zuma uitspraak oor plaasverwaarlosing feedback. Attendance seemed to have been slightly Simbiotiese verhouding is belangrik vir sukses binne up; we will confirm this in next month's letter. grondhervorming 32 AVI Africa Banquet “The decision taken on the levy is important for 36 Out and About: AVI Africa 42 AVI Africa Special Awards the continuation of our services to the industry” 44 DPFO Page: Gauteng farmer’s indaba ends with MOU between Dept. of Agriculture and SAPA 46 Poultry Science: Performance enhancement with sodium Statutory Levy diformate in broilers world-wide 48 Treating poultry diseases without antibiotics The next round of committee meetings starts in June and there is much to be 50 How Genetic improvements impact on management and discussed. The renewal of the statutory levy and the full approval of the PDMA husbandry business plan are going to be high up on the agendas. The decision taken on the levy 62 A Page in Time is important for the continuation of our services to the industry. We will be 64 Birthday Page consulting in various ways, including through regional meetings, and will ask you to 65 DownTime formally agree the final proposal before submitting the plan for final Management 66 PuzzleMania Committee approval and onward transfer to the National Agricultural Marketing Council. The next step is to ask all committees what projects they want us to do on Poultry Bulletin | Pluimvee Bulletin their behalf. Once that is agreed, we will cost these projects and each committee will Subscription rates: Free to members; non-members R420.00 p.a. have to agree on the costs thereof. At each point we will send the proposals to Intekengeld: Gratis aan lede; Nie-lede R420 p.j producers for their own inputs. Official mouthpiece of the South African Poultry Association. For private circulation only . Amptelike mondstuk van die Suid-Afrikaanse Pluimveevereniging. Welsynsake Alleenlik vir private verspreiding. Copyright Reserved | Kopiereg voorbehou. Verlede maand het ons weer mediablootstelling gehad in terme van 'n produsent News, views, content and opinion in this publication does not waar welsyn gefaal het. Op 'n ware joernalistieke manier is die waarheid weerhou necessarily represent the views/policies or positions of the South African Poultry Association. omdat dit 'n goeie storie sou bederf en alles moontlik was gedoen deur die koerant, Nuus, standpunte, inhoud en menings in hierdie publikasie om nie 'n gebalanseerde storie weer te gee nie. Die punt hier is dat alle produsente 'n verteenwoordig nie noodwending die mening, beleid of standpunt van potensiële risiko staan om aan sulke sensasionale verslaggewing blootgestel te word. die Suid-Afrikaanse Pluimveevereniging nie. Of dit nou 'n ontevrede werknemer, 'n aktivis, of enige ander 'fluitjieblaser' is, Published by: produsente moet gereed wees om met sulke insidente te deel. Suid-Afrikaanse Pluimveevereniging South African Poultry Association “Die NDBV het die reg om plase en slagpale te Printed by: Colorpress (Pty) Ltd, 6 Prop Street, Selby Ext 11, Jhb Editor: Cameron Mackenzie - [email protected] inspekteer, maar het geen reg om van die media CEO: Kevin Lovell - [email protected] Brand Manager: Masanda Peter - [email protected] vergesel te wees nie” Advertising: Louisa Nel - advertising@ sapoultry.co.za Design and Layout: Jelliweb - [email protected] Die Bedryfskode is daar om 'n maatstaf te verskaf en om gedrag te regverdig. Gebruik Subscriptions: Cynthia Ncube - [email protected] dit tot julle voordeel. Neem ook asseblief kennis dat die NDBV die reg het om plase Letters to / Briewe aan: [email protected] en slagpale te inspekteer. Hulle hoef nie 'n afspraak te maak nie, maar het geen reg Physical Address: Wild Fig Business Park, Block C, 1494 Cranberry Street, om van die media vergesel te wees nie. Dit is vir jou om te besluit of mediatoegang Honeydew Ext 19 tot die perseel toegelaat word. Daar mag van NDBV personeel verwag word om aan Postal Address: P.O. Box 1202, Honeydew, 2040, South Africa standaard bio-sekuriteit vereistes te voldoen en om nie enige bewyse wat hulle Tel: 0861 Poultry or 0861 768 5879 or versamel, aan die media vry te stel nie, want hulle word toegang tot die perseel Tel: 011 795 9920 | Fax: 011 795 2590
03 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN FROM THE DESK OF THE CEO toegelaat in terme van die magte aan hulle toegeken deur die Broiler Issues Dierebeskermingswet, nie as joernaliste met volmag nie. Ons is beskikbaar om produsente in hierdie verband by te staan indien julle The broiler happiness quotient has hit a new low level. Imports bedreig voel in enige geval deur die media en/of die NDBV. continue to surge. All I can say now is that we are working hard on a number of approaches to deal with the problems. May brought good The Code of Practice is there to give you a reference point to news in that the judgement in the USA anti-dumping matter was measure yourself against and to justify your actions. Use it to your given in a manner which ensured that the duties were valid and advantage. Please also note that the NSPCA have the right to inspect capable of renewal; great news for us indeed. However, we have your farms and abattoirs. They do not need to make an appointment been advised that the Association of Meat Importers and Exporters but have no right to bring the media with them. It is for you to and Shoprite/Checkers have served notice to appeal the Court decide whether you want to give the media access to the site. You decision on the USA anti-dumping matter. We will be cross appealing may require of the NSPCA personnel that they comply with all of this to ensure that the duties remain in place. As and when there is your standard bio-security requirements and may also bind them to progress I will keep you all informed. We expect also to have to take not release any evidence they collect to the media as you grant them on Brazil/AMIE in a court somewhere about the likely imposition of access to the farm in terms of powers granted top them under the duties against certain Brazilian products and have prepared for such Animal Protection Act, not as journalists by proxy. We are available an eventuality. to assist producers in this regard if you feel threatened in any way by Our real disaster as an industry is the new draft regulations on brining the media and/or the NSPCA. which will serve no purpose other than to bankrupt most local producers. These draft regulations are truly shocking and we are Ostrich Business Chamber devoting a lot of time to address the risks they pose to us. A new position at SAPA, funded entirely by the broiler industry, will I am very happy to report that the Ostrich Business Chamber is now hopefully be filled during June or at the latest in July. This new a member of SAPA as a fully fledged fifth affiliate which will remain person will devote all of his or her time to keeping the broiler self funding and participate in a range of joint activities to improve industry alive and getting it out of the ICU. This appointee will be the overall health and well being of the broader poultry industry. very busy designing and managing our advocacy programme. This is Exactly how this will happen needs to now be discussed and something that the industry has, until now, not thought of as implemented. necessary but it is now clear that we have to get various stakeholders to know and accept that we produce products which “Our name has changed to the South are good for South Africans. African Poultry Association” Competition Commission
SAPA had another session with the Competition Commission during Renaming of SAPA May. It seems that all that is still to be resolved is the frequency with which we issue statistics and if we can sort this out then the matter will be brought to a close and we can all move on with our lives. Our name has changed to the South African Poultry Association They have asked us for more information which has been provided rather than the Southern African Poultry Association after Congress and I am hopeful that this matter has but a few months left to run. 2012. This is to reflect the fact that although we are part of the SADC Poultry Producers' Forum (who met the day before Avi Africa), we do Dr Charlotte Nkuna has finalised the detailed business plan for the not speak for any other SADC country than South Africa. When it Poultry Disease Management Agency (PDMA). The plan was comes to trade matters, we have to work with the SACU countries presented at Avi Africa and will be discussed in more detail during (Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Namibia) but otherwise we all the next round of Committee meetings. If you have an interest in this act independently. agency and missed the presentation at Avi Africa please let us know.
Generic egg Marketing General A preferred candidate for the post of Chair in Poultry Health and Please look to Masanda Peter's letter for information on the most Production at the University of Pretoria (Onderstepoort campus) has recent visit by Don McNamara. From all that I heard he was well been identified and the finalisation of the recruitment process is received by the doctors and nutritionists he spoke to and particularly underway. I am not sure how much longer we have before I can so by the health officials from the Gauteng Health Department, who make the announcement but it will surely happen within the next he spoke to on the role of protein and eggs - in particular on early month. childhood development. I think we already know who his next The National Poultry Working Group met after Avi Africa. David national target audience should be. Hughes will be driving this from our side with assistance from Christopher Mason and Moses Modise , so I refer you to their letters “The new draft regulations on brining for more information. will serve no purpose other than to Regards until next month Kevin Lovell bankrupt most local producers” CEO
04 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
SAPA STATISTICS
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW: BROILER INDUSTRY POTENTIAL PRODUCTION REPORT This is a summary of a report. The complete version is available 2. Broiler Chick Placements online at http://www.sapoultry.co.za/statistics.html An upswing in broiler chick placement is forecasted from March 2012 DISCLAIMER: INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT DOES NOT REFLECT to August 2012 (Graph 4). The introduction of the improved 2011 ACTUAL DATA. THE PROJECTIONS PRESENTED IN THE REPORT ARE broiler breeder standards into the breeder model commenced in BASED UPON SPECIFIC PRODUCTION STANDARDS AND INDICATE February 2012 and will be completed in September 2012. The fact HISTORIC AND FORECASTED TRENDS ONLY. that the number of broiler chicks placed increased while the number of parent hens remains fairly constant can be attributed to the higher 1. Broiler Breeders number of chicks produced per hen housed. The projected average broiler chick placement of 20 084 500 chicks 1.1. Day-old Parent Pullets Placed per week for the first eight months of 2012 will be 305 600 chicks more (+1.5%) than the corresponding placement of 2011.
An average of 182 100 day-old parent pullets was placed per week in The weekly average placement of 20.545 million broiler chicks February 2012. This was 3 341 more (+1.9%) than the number placed forecasted for August 2012 will be an all-time high and 737 800 chicks in January 2012 and 8 100 pullets less (-4.3%) than in February more (+3.7%) than the August 2011 placement. 2011. 3. Broiler Production 1.2. Broiler Breeder Flock An average production of 19 385 300 broilers per week is forecasted for September 2012. This will be 598 700 more (+3.2%) than the The broiler breeder flock of 6 450 600 hens projected for February September 2011 production. 2012 was 60 400 lower (-0.9%) than the February 2011 flock. The forecasted total production of 741 million broilers over the nine The flock of 6 495 300 breeder hens projected for June 2012 will be months to September 2012 represents an increase of 11.47 million 67 500 more (+ 1.05%) than the June 2011 flock (Graph 2). broilers (+1.6%) compared to the first nine months of 2011. BROILER INDUSTRY POTENTIAL PRODUCTION REPORT 1. Broiler Breeders
1.1: Day-Old Broiler Parents Placed
Graph 1: DAY-OLD BROILER PARENTS PLACED (AVERAGE PER WEEK TO FEBRUARY 2012) 230,000 Graph 1 depicts the 225,000 220,000 average day-old broiler 215,000 parents placed per week. 210,000 205,000 (These figures are used in C 200,000 H 195,000 the Broiler Production I 190,000 C 185,000 Model to forecast trends) K 180,000 S 175,000 170,000 P 165,000 In February 2012 an E 160,000 R 155,000 average of 182 068 day- 150,000 old parent pullets was W 145,000 E 140,000 placed per week. This E 135,000 K 130,000 was 3 341 more (+1.9%) 125,000 120,000 than the number placed 115,000 110,000 in January 2012 and 105,000 8 133 pullets (-4.3%) less 100,000 Jan.2007 Mar.2007 May.2007 Jul.2007 Sep.2007 Nov.2007 Jan.2008 Mar.2008 May.2008 Jul.2008 Sep.2008 Nov.2008 Jan.2009 Mar.2009 May.2009 Jul.2009 Sep.2009 Nov.2009 Jan.2010 Mar.2010 May.2010 Jul.2010 Sep.2010 Nov.2010 Jan.2011 Mar.2011 May.2011 Jul.2011 Sep.2011 Nov.2011 Jan.2012 than in February 2011.
Day-old Parents Placed Trend
06 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN SAPA STATISTICS
1.2. Broiler Breeders per Month Graph 2: AVERAGE BROILER BREEDER FLOCK LAYING CYCLE : 20 TO 61 WEEKS OF AGE
6,700,000 43.0 The projected broiler
6,600,000 42.5 breeder flock based on the average number of B 6,500,000 42.0 R day-old female parents O 6,400,000 41.5 I A L V placed per week is E 6,300,000 41.0 E R R presented in Graph 2. A 6,200,000 40.5 B G R E E 6,100,000 40.0 E A The flock of 6 495 300
D G E 6,000,000 39.5 E breeders forecasted for R S 5,900,000 39.0 June 2012 is 67 500 5,800,000 38.5 more (+1.05%) than the
5,700,000 38.0 June 2011 flock. Jan.2008 Feb.2008 Mar.2008 Apr.2008 May.2008 Jun.2008 Jul.2008 Aug.2008 Sep.2008 Oct.2008 Nov.2008 Dec.2008 Jan.2009 Feb.2009 Mar.2009 Apr.2009 May.2009 Jun.2009 Jul.2009 Aug.2009 Sep.2009 Oct.2009 Nov.2009 Dec.2009 Jan.2010 Feb.2010 Mar.2010 Apr.2010 May.2010 Jun.2010 Jul.2010 Aug.2010 Sep.2010 Oct.2010 Nov.2010 Dec.2010 Jan.2011 Feb.2011 Mar.2011 Apr.2011 May.2011 Jun.2011 Jul.2011 Aug.2011 Sep.2011 Oct.2011 Nov.2011 Dec.2011 Jan.2012 Feb.2012 Mar.2012 Apr.2012 May.2012 Jun.2012
Average Breeders per Month Avg. Flock age Parent Flock Trend 1.3. Broiler Breeders per Annum Graph 3:
AVERAGE BROILER BREEDERS PER ANNUM
6,750,000 The projected average 6,521,000 A 6,476,700 6,503,000 V 6,500,000 number of broiler 6,231,700 E 6,192,000 R 6,250,000 breeders per annum A G 6,000,000 5,859,000 is presented in Graph 3. E 5,750,000 B 5,465,000 R 5,500,000 The average number of E 5,183,000 E 5,250,000 6 503 200 breeders for D the first six months of E 5,000,000 R 4,681,000 4,725,000 4,653,000 2012 will be 5 055 less 4,750,000 4,502,000 F 4,398,000 (-0.1%) than the L 4,500,000 O corresponding number C 4,250,000 K for 2011. 4,000,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 To June 2012 YEAR
2. Broiler Chick Placement 2.1. Potential Day-Old Broiler Chick Placements Graph 4: POTENTIAL BROILER CHICK PLACEMENTS PER WEEK - TO AUGUST 2012 (BREEDER CYCLE : 20 TO 61 WEEKS OF AGE) The potential number 20,750,000 of day old broiler chicks 20,500,000 respectively produced 20,250,000 weekly per month; and 20,000,000 B R 19,750,000 per annum are O I 19,500,000 presented in Graph 4 L E 19,250,000 and Graph 5. R
19,000,000 C H I 18,750,000 An average 20 544 600 C K 18,500,000 chicks will be placed S 18,250,000 per week in August 18,000,000 2012. This will be 737 17,750,000 770 more (+3.7%) than 17,500,000 Jan.2008 Mar.2008 May.2008 Jul.2008 Sep.2008 Nov.2008 Jan.2009 Mar.2009 May.2009 Jul.2009 Sep.2009 Nov.2009 Jan.2010 Mar.2010 May.2010 Jul.2010 Sep.2010 Nov.2010 Jan.2011 Mar.2011 May.2011 Jul.2011 Sep.2011 Nov.2011 Jan.2012 Mar.2012 May.2012 Jul.2012 the August 2011 placement per week.
07 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN SAPA STATISTICS
Graph 5:
POTENTIAL DAY-OLD BROILERS PRODUCED Millions (MILLION per ANNUM) 1,100
1,075
1,050 1,031 1,036
1,025
B 1,000 984 984 R 975 O 950 I 923 L 925 E 900 879 R S 875 850 827 P 825 R O 800 D 775 763 U 747 750 C 726 716 E 725 D 700 688
675
650
625
600 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
4 352 000 more (+0.4%) day-old broilers chicks were produced in 2011 than in 2010.
MANAGER: GRAND PARENT FARM / HATCHERY
Hy-Line South Africa seeks to appoint a manager for our Grand Parent Operation, to direct and coordinate all aspects of poultry management in accordance with the company's policies and standards. Suitable applicants will be expected to meet the following requirements: • Have extensive experience (at least 5 years) and an in depth knowledge of Grand Parent Rearing and Management, Hatcheries and Hatching Egg production. • Plan, organize and direct activities that directly influence bird management on the farm • Proven management skills • Able to work independently and unsupervised • Good oral and written communication skills • Computer skills (Microsoft Office package) • Prepared to work weekends • Uphold strict bio-security measures • Proven record with regard to management of staff • Driver’s license and good driving record
Place of work: Belfast / Middelburg area. Salary: Market related, depending on skills and experience. Housing: Provided on farm. Closing date: 6 July 2012
Interested candidates should forward a comprehensive CV to Shelley Kretzschmar at: [email protected] or fax 0866 263 020
08 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
EGG MARKETING
EGGS ARE MAGIC MEDICAL MATTERS WITH DR ACTIVATIONS DON MCNAMARA IN SOUTH By Masanda Peter, SAPA Brand Manager AFRICA School activations In his recent visit to South Africa to deliver a presentation at Avi Africa 2012, Dr Don McNamara also interacted with medical doctors, The eggs are magic campaign is specialists, dieticians and students in the field of health and commencing with school activations nutrition. His amazing ability to read his audience and adapt his talk in July. We are in Gauteng, the accordingly was highly effective, and at the end of each meeting or Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, the presentation, the impression he left had the audience feeling that his Free State, Mpumalanga and the talk was tailor-made just for them. Eastern Cape. One of the biggest challenges we are faced with is the medical The full programme of the exact fraternity's uncertainty about the number of eggs consumers are areas we will be visiting within these supposed to eat. Dr McNamara met with high profile individuals in provinces will be on the SA Poultry the medical filed, including Dr Dirk Blom and colleagues at the Lipid website under the Marketing Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences at UCT; Professor Anton Dubell and section. eleven cardiologists at the Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch (Tygerberg Hospital); I urge producers to please join us when we do these activations so Professor Becker, a surgeon at the University of Pretoria; and that you get to experience the magic of eggs first hand. It is well Professor Tim Noakes. worth the experience to see for yourself the excitement of the kids Questions posed included one on egg enrichment such as e.g. value when they learn about the goodness of eggs and the appreciative of omega-3 enriched eggs and how it is done; what is done to smiles and faces when they eat an egg – getting the full experience prevent a salmonella outbreak with reference to the UK experience; of the product. What better way to communicate all this goodness - the best method to prepare eggs and how the type of fat/oil used and using the language that kids understand? We have made use of influences fat content of the cooked egg; the nutritional value of free Mpilo – the Eggs are Magic character - to be the Superhero teaching range vs other eggs; and the Cholesterol content of quail and ostrich kids about the benefits of eating eggs. The schools get posters which eggs vs. poultry eggs! will be left in the classroom to further entrench our message that eggs are the best meal to have, as well as comic books with a This has indicated the direction we need to take in providing answers storyline around eggs. to questions like this on a regular basis. We are highlighting the nutritional benefits of eggs and decreasing uncertainties as The school activations are very important because we changing identified in the consumer research in 2011. Health professionals dietary habits while the kids are still young and we are also creating interact with patients so if we get them to understand the benefits of memories. It is such a heart-warming experience and I hope that eggs and expose them to new research, we are moving towards the more producers will join us. Please send me an email at right direction. [email protected] and I will make arrangements with regards Dr McNamara received positive media exposure in Die Burger, Living to your visit and give you more information. & Loving, Your Family, Farmers Weekly, 702 Radio, Health24 and many others.
Clinics activations Visit www.sapoultry.co.za for all the information related to This is also a time where we will also be commencing with clinics Dr McNamara, including the podcasts. activations, visiting clinics in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, the Eastern Cape, the Western Cape, Limpopo and Mpumalanga.
Balanced nutrition is important for pregnant mothers and choline is a nutrient that helps in brain development, learning ability and good memory - and eggs provide that. Research shows that only 1 out of 10 pregnant women get enough choline. We are showcasing that eggs supply a variety of nutrients. Please join us.
10 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
SAPA NEWS
PROJECT PROGRESS Food Compliance Work Group – and the Brining debate By David Hughes, SAPA Project Manager Kevin in his 'From the Desk' has alerted industry to the situation with Pathogenicity evaluation the government's proposal in limiting the extent of 'brine solution' in the context of R 946 and R 988. The draft DAFF rendition includes of IBV isolates in the following proposed wording: Chickens “In the case of poultry meat or portions which is treated with a The project being conducted by Deltamune phosphate salt solution or another permitted chemical solution progresses essentially according to plan. In including brine and brine based mixture, the mass increase of the summary: carcass or poultry, meat or portion as a result of such treatment, calculated on a mass-per-mass basis, shall not be more than 4 percent The challenge model has been and the concentration of the phosphate in the phosphate solution on successfully established a mass-per-mass basis, shall not be more than 0,5 per cent. The provisions shall also apply to poultry meat which is intended to be The pathogenicity of some South African isolates have been cooked and sold (ready-to-eat) and is still recognizable as poultry demonstrated (challenge strains) meat as defined after cooking.”
The QX-like isolate has shown more pronounced pathogenicity Industry believes that the proposed regulation in its current wording than other strains is tantamount to a bankruptcy notice for our broiler industry. We all agree that effective regulation of the practice of brining is required TC07-02-like and China J2-like isolates are not to be under- but it must be sensible and mindful of the needs of consumers. Our estimated industry holds its position as the main supplier of protein to the nation primarily because of the price point at which our product is Deltamune is ready to evaluate vaccine efficacy. offered for retail sale. When consumers buy our product - most of whom are not wealthy by any definition, they are buying a protein At the AVI Congress Deltamune reported back and the table below meal at the lowest possible price. illustrates the outstanding project steps: “We find it hard to believe that DAFF Evaluating the variant vaccines would actively campaign to make Milestones in variant vaccine efficacy determinations protein more expensive for poor South and Act 36 approval and/or registration Study protocol ü Africans” Ethics approval ü The current brined product offering is the product of choice. If you Study agreements ü look at the retail price of this product versus the retail price of the Funding ü fresh product and take the nutrient dilution of the brined product Section 20 approval ü into account, you will find that brined IQF product is about 30% less Import permits ü expensive as a protein source than fresh un-brined product. We find Arrival of vaccines 1/3 it hard to believe that DAFF would actively campaign to make protein Arrival and adaption of birds 2nd batch 4 June ‘12 more expensive for the poor and help in reducing the quality of the Vaccination 11 June ‘12 diet of most South Africans, for that is what the effect of these Challenge 02 July ‘12 regulations will be. Something does not make sense with the Sampling phase 15 July ‘12 proposed regulation changes. 'Brining' is an international practice, Data interpretation 15 Aug ‘12 done for both technical reasons (to give frozen product a similar texture and taste to fresh product) as well as to improve its Documentation 30 Aug ‘12 affordability. Both of these attributes benefit local consumers. Some dossiers Registration / authorisation ??? already handed in SAPA notes that DAFF officials have had very limited interaction with SAPA in the development of the revised regulations. The norm in As for the road ahead, the pathogenicity studies and variant vaccine other cases of regulation development that industry has gone efficacy evaluations represent the first steps in our IBV research – through is that DAFF spends considerable time with the affected not the last! Questions still to be answered include: industry before spreading the consultation network wider. Perhaps we are missing something, but no reasons to deviate from the Vaccination programs (including mass/variant combinations normal practice of regulation crafting have been given to SAPA as of and combinations with autogenous inactivated vaccines) now.
Other SA challenge strains (e.g. TC 07-02) Nonetheless SAPA supports the principle of improving the regulatory framework and has had a series of detailed internal meetings to Typing of isolate collections refine our understanding of what is required. Our approach is one that will allow individual companies to be able to comply with Refining the vaccine efficacy tests standards applicable for the whole industry - import and local - in a
12 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN SAPA NEWS
free market environment. This approach also takes into account the We hope that these suggestions could form the basis of a new set of concerns and inputs of various stakeholders particularly those regulations and look forward to DAFF's comments. We also feel that relating to salt levels, nutrient dilution, high thawing and drip/cooking for any trials that DAFF wishes to do to represent industry practice loss as well microbial quality issues. that these trials need to be conducted in an existing plant by DAFF's own or contracted researchers. The Broiler Organisation members The basis of our approach for a Regulation is as follows: commit to making their plants available for DAFF to have this work done. Slaughter, chilling, portioning, injection, solutions, freezing, etc. 1) All meat used must comply with the Meat Safety Act and also will then be as per normal practice. the regulations applicable to food processing premises defined in terms of the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act of If industry and DAFF can agree on a regulation, we would be prepared the Department of Health and referred to in various DAFF Acts to approach the Competition Commission to ask for an exemption to and Regulations. apply the planned regulation whilst APS is going through all the required administrative steps. Industry would also be prepared to 2) The solutions used for brining/basting should be governed by advertise and promote the meaning of any such regulation. the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act. When one adds the problems industry is facing from rampant 3) Salt (NaCl) should be limited 0,5% (or expressed as 0,5 g per imports, a skewed regulatory environment where the processing 100 g of product). activities of chicken importers are outside of the scrutiny of DAFF (unless they are exporters), then we believe one can see that the 4) No previously thawed and refrozen product should have brine broiler industry is most concerned that our future is dire. Whilst SAPA added to it. This is to limit food safety compliance concerns. will respond to the APS staff on the regulations that have been gazetted, SAPA believes that the best way forward would be for us to 5) No brined product should be able to be graded. start again. The regulations should be withdrawn and the industry and APS then engage in rigorous and rapid debate on the format of effective and practical regulations that will not harm South African 6) Validation of the brining for purposes of the new food labelling consumers or the chick and broiler industries, put food security at regulations published by the Department of Health (the risk, or decimate any possible future the developing/smallholder percentages) to be done on a batch basis for the particular farmer may have of growing their output. product as it is not possible to do this on a per pack basis.
Details of the proposed regulations are on the DAFF web site 7) Microbial characteristics for brine to equate to those allowed for 72 hour fresh chilled poultry in terms of the poultry www.daff.gov.za, go to 'Divisions' and then 'Food Safety and Quality regulations applicable to the Meat Safety Act. Assurance' and then look under 'draft legislation for comments' and page down to 'Amendment to local Poultry Meat regulations'. 8) Allergens to be labelled as per the new food labelling regulations published by the Department of Health. Comments on the proposed regulation have a due date of 31 July 2012. Comments and enquiries must be sent to: Ms Matlou Setati, 9) No post freezing glazing of brined products to be allowed. who can be reached by telephone at 012 319-6049, by fax on 012 319-6055/6265 or by email at [email protected]. 10) A possible new labelling requirement in terms of the Agricultural Product Standards Act Regulations could be that An Overview of the Brine Injection the protein percentage must be stated on the pack. Although it is stated in the table with nutritional values as well, it could Process become a practical indicator of the minimum standards to the public. It is practical and not expensive for the process to be Whereas brine has traditionally been used for centuries for pickling indirectly measured in this way. This method deals with the foodstuffs and to preserve vegetables, fish, meat, corned beef and nutrient dilution effects of the practice. In compliance with the pastrami, as well as Haloumi and Feta cheeses, nowadays it has also regulations, no animal protein should be added in the mix and become one of the most widely used taste enhancers and tenderisers. plant protein must be excluded from the calculation of 'Brining' has become an invaluable process in modern food minimum protein levels. SAPA is happy to pay for trials to find a production. Such has been the success of brine's taste enhancement reliable scientifically based method that can work, and also pay and value adding properties in the poultry industry that nowadays to have an independent accredited laboratory sample finished many producers of other protein products use similar methods to product on a regular and on-going basis to verify the integrity guarantee the succulence and tastiness of their products. of the product on offer to the consumer and constantly inform the public as to what is actually going on in the market place. Other present-day purposes of using brine are to increase shelf life and the volume and weight - or yield - of the product. The increase in 11) Independent shelf life tests of brined products need to be yield varies widely according to type, price and quality of the finished conducted. Industry via SAPA will be happy to pay for such product, but typically yield is from below 15% to more than 50%. work at an accredited laboratory. Lean cuts of meat with a mild flavour tend to benefit most from brining. These include chicken (whole, butterflied, or pieces), cornish 12) The names for such brined products as permitted in terms of hens (whole or butterflied), turkey (whole, butterflied, or pieces), the current Agricultural Products Standards regulations should pork (chops, loin, tenderloin, fresh ham) and seafood (salmon, trout, be retained. shrimp). Brine solutions for canned foods are common.
13 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN SAPA NEWS
The conventional brining process – soaking the meat for an extended Independent Meat Inspection (IMI) period in a very strong saltwater solution with the addition of sugar and spices – was employed to bind the water in the meat or remove it altogether to prevent the growth of food-spoiling micro-organisms. Since our last report, we still await a formal response from DAFF as to Today's brine solution has the same purpose, but other factors have their preferred way forward in this most important industry matter. come into play. We also continue to work with the red meat fraternity on the common goal. Our preference is still that government will allow the appointment of an independent non-profit type company to do the When an animal is slaughtered the pH level in the muscle tissue inspections and keep the cost of inspection low in the interest of the drops and production of natural ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) is consumer. We anxiously await government's positive response in this halted. The loss in water-binding capacity of the meat leads to the regard. decrease of nutrients and flavour during cooking and, once cooked, the meat is stringy, dry, tough and bland. The main ingredient of modern food processors' meat brine solutions, phosphate, a natural mineral found in all muscle tissue, is used because it aids in restoring the muscle's capacity to retain nutrients and moisture.
Poultry seasoning restores the natural tenderness of the meat by assisting in bringing the pH closer to natural levels by returning phosphates to the muscle tissue. The seasoning also helps to increase the capacity of the protein in the meat to retain nutrients and moisture, resulting in a softer, juicier and tastier product once cooked.
Poultry seasoning involves a simple process of injecting a brine solution into the muscle meat of the product in order to regain vital components lost during the slaughtering process. This technique is mainly used for frozen poultry and is practised by all main poultry producers in South Africa. In 2002 the Poultry Industry in its efforts to produce chicken that is tastier and more succulent, conducted research on all demographic groups to determine their taste preference with regard to chicken that had been enhanced through the injection of a flavoured tenderising brine. This research, as well as a further study completed in 2004, overwhelmingly concluded that its consumers preferred enhanced poultry products.
Since 2004 there has been a constant and significant consumer AVI 2012 presentations movement towards the enhanced locally produced product, and the consumption of standard (fresh) poultry has greatly reduced and now For those who would like to review some of the Avi Africa stands at only some 5% of all poultry sold, whereas the enhanced presentations again, please visit the SAPA web site and follow the (frozen) product now accounts for some 95% of all poultry sales in 'AVI Africa/presentations 2012/' link and pick the presentation per South Africa. day.
14 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
SAPA NEWS
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT UPDATE
By Christopher Mason, SAPA Training and Development Manager Skills development Information transfer (non-market information) Broiler Academy Strategic partnerships Coordination Launched Avian health management I recently had the pleasure of attending To scan the environment and find solutions to issues that will the launch of the Broiler Academy affect the KZN poultry industry in the future.' situated on an operational broiler farm in the Bronkhorstspruit area, that produces 240 000 birds per cycle utilising SKOV ventilation and production systems. “It involves the learner on a more interactive level and ensures understanding of the skill before progressing” The new Broiler Academy facility is a 100% functional After being thrown into the deep end of broiler farming Dolf the environmentally controlled SKOV simulator. owner of the facility, realised there was a huge need for effective training. Dolf, who has a teaching, adult training and development background, entered into discussions with SKOV to start a broiler One area of immense success has been the development and systems training facility in South Africa in order to assist new users evolution of the KZNPI Poultry management training centre. So much of the SKOV system. so that it has long since broken out of the bounds of KZN and become a national asset. In fact, the training centre is well The SKOV training programmes are based on the theory of recognised across the globe for its achievements in practical poultry experiential learning, which simply put is learning from experience. skills development, particularly across the African continent. The experiential learning method is vastly more effective than pure academic study because it involves the learner on a more To this end, on the 20th of January 2012, the council of the KZNPI interactive level and requires and ensures understanding of the skill (consisting of key representatives from all role players in the poultry before progressing. This method is employed to its full advantage value chain) announced at the KZNPI information and networking due to the fact that the training facility is a 100% functional day that the training centre will from now on be known as the environmentally controlled SKOV simulator. POULTRY MANAGEMENT TRAINING CENTRE or abbreviated as PMTC. The centre will still be administered and managed under the The objective of the Broiler Academy website - KZNPI which remains a section 21 non-profit organization, effectively www.broileracademy.co.za - is to become the resource of choice for owned by the poultry industry itself. It is hoped that this name broiler farmers both nationally and internationally. As broiler farmers, change will help shed any misperceptions that the PMTC is a they have a clear understanding of the challenges faced on a daily localised or regionally bound initiative. Evidence of this is borne out basis in the broiler industry. Dolf stated that the Broiler Academy, as by the centre's ability to provide on-site and mobile training a provider of training and broiler specific resources, will assist the anywhere in the country and plans are afoot to further enhance and new and experienced farmer and save on the so-called 'school fees'. develop its national and international footprint through its strategic He went on to state that the establishment of a broiler discussion partnerships with Universities, S A Poultry Association, Local and forum on the website would be a useful resource to the farmer in National Government, and many other industry role players. terms of interaction with the international broiler farming community in order to gain new understanding and knowledge of various broiler issues. The FAQ database will also, in time, become an invaluable SAPA/PMTC Management Courses resource to the striving farmer. Information including dates and 2012 course specific information is available on the Broiler Academy website. It is time to start looking at registering your candidates on the SAPA/KZNPI/PMTC management courses. This series of courses sees KwaZulu-Natal Poultry Institute now to the implementation of a subsidy model for the 2012 courses, which be known as Poultry Management is being implemented in an effort to encourage course participation Training Centre and to assist with ever increasing costs.
Ever since its inception in the late 1980's, The KwaZulu-Natal Poultry “It is in your interests to select Institute (KZNPI) has strived to fulfil its strategic objectives of ' candidates who will be able to cope with Fostering the long term growth and sustainability of all role players in the KZN Poultry industry through: intensive training interventions”
16 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN CLOSTAT™ ACTIVE MICROBIAL BALANCED - FROM THE INSIDE OUT
CLOSTAT™ is a unique active microbial that was selected for its activity to maintain a balanced gut, creating a healthy poultry flock from the inside out. SAPA NEWS
A criterion has been set for the subsidy rebate and the following will Costs for 2012 SAPA/PMTC courses apply: Course fees are paid in full before the commencement of the The cost for the 2012 courses will be R4900.00 excluding VAT courses (R5586.00 including VAT).Registration forms are available on the SAPA Participating course candidates have to successfully complete website or contact Hendrien on +27(0)11 795-9927 or email all the course class assessments and the final course assessment [email protected] to secure your place on these courses. Course candidates have to successfully complete one assignment which must be submitted back to the facilitator within two weeks of completion of the course AgriSETA Transfer of Credits The subsidy will be reimbursed to the organisation that has settled the invoice A letter has been received from the AgriSETA stating their viewpoint/ position on the transfer of credits from the current qualification The subsidy rebate, will amount to 50% of the actual course fee achievements to the new qualifications. The content of the letter, (excluding the VAT component). The cost of each course for which has been transcribed, is as follows: 2012 is R4900, 00 (Excluding vat) and the subsidy rebate will amount to R2450.00 per course registration. Dear Sir The main focus criterion of the subsidy rebate is that of successful completion of all class assessments and the compulsory assignment. This talks to the selection criteria of candidates being registered on RE: Transfer of credits from the current (to be old) qualification the courses. It is in your interests to select candidates who will be achievements to the new Qualifications. able to cope with intensive training interventions. Although no specific entrance qualification is required to attend these courses, This letter serves to acknowledge your enquiry pertaining to the consideration should be given to the fact that the candidates should transfer of credits for the learners who have accumulated credits in have experience in the poultry industry, should have achieved a the current learning system (Learnership and skills programs) to the minimum of Grade 11 at school, and be literate in English i.e. be able new occupational qualifications. As the changes were introduced, we to speak and write. In addition to this, consideration should be given were made to understand that the new system is not intended to to the fact that the courses are run over a three day period and the undermine the good work done through outgoing programs. interventions are intensive as a lot of information is covered during the courses. There will also be the expectation that candidates work You will agree with me that from a training point of view, any learner in the evenings in terms of preparation and lecturer requirements. entering into the learning program would be screened to determine the entry compliance and potential of such learner for proper DATES FOR 2012 SAPA/PMTC COURSES - GAUTENG placement. It is during this exercise that the prior competences, Hatchery Management (10, 11 and 12 September) credits and achievements are recorded and recognised, immaterial of where the learner has achieved such credits. Commercial Layers (10, 11 and 12 September) We can safely say that the new system lays a good ground in Breeder Management (17, 18 and 19 September) receiving the achievements from the old one. The learners with Broiler Production (17, 18 and 19 September) credits achieved through Learnerships and skills programs of the current system are going to be recognized and be awarded Bio Security Management (25, 26 and 27 September) certificates, should their achievements comply to the requirements for issuing, and can also be credited in the new occupational qualification system. DATES FOR 2012 SAPA/PMTC COURSES - KWA ZULU NATAL
Hatchery Management (1, 2 and 3 October) All the learners that have acquired competences in this current Commercial Layers (8, 9 and 10 October) system , their achievements can be integrated into the new occupational qualification through Recognition of Prior learning (RPL) Breeder Management (15, 16 and 17 October) process. This implies that the data of the current learners should always be kept accurately to enable easy transfer of credits whenever Broiler Production (22, 23 and 24 October) the needs arise to do so. Bio Security Management (29, 30 and 31 October) These systems can run parallel until the industry feel comfortable with replacements and also reserves the choice to keep certain DATES FOR 2012 SAPA/PMTC COURSES - WESTERN CAPE qualifications that would be required to remain unaltered. Bio Security Management (5, 6 and 7 November) I hope the explanation will attempt clarity for the situation afore- Hatchery Management (5, 6 and 7 November) mentioned. Please do not hesitate to call us should further engagement becomes necessary. Commercial Layers (12, 13 and 14 November)
Breeder Management (19, 20 and 21 November) Yours truly, Fanny Phetla (26, 27 and 28 November) Broiler Production ETQA Manager, AgriSETA
18 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN SAPA NEWS
My view on this is that the qualifications still require formal DAFF DPFO Training registration through SAQA and it's a process that shall still take some time. Simply put the implementation of new qualifications cannot In February, a formal agreement was signed by SAPA and DAFF disregard previous achievements. Recognition of Prior learning shall (Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries) in which it was address this matter and cognisance will be taken of prior learning and agreed that DAFF would make available an amount of R1,000,000 credits. I don't believe anyone can, with any authority, provide a over a period of 2 years for the provision of training to 270 poultry precise and definite answer as yet as the goal posts are still being farmers. A meeting was held between SAPA, DAFF and the DPFO, the repositioned. purpose of which was to work through the contents of the agreement with the view to ensuring that all stakeholders were Fanny Phetla is the ETQA authority in AgriSeta and in my opinion is consistent in their interpretation of the agreement. The reason this unable to provide a definite answer as yet, but has in the letter was important was due to the fact that certain SAPA officials, indicated that the data of the current learners and their including the DPFO officials, were not employed in the respective achievements should be kept to enable the transfer of credits when organisations when the project was initiated. the need arises. There is a willingness on the part of the AgriSETA to work closely with SAPA to address various issues and promote During the meeting it became apparent that certain terminologies training in the sector for which SAPA is grateful. needed to be clarified to ensure that the rollout of the project was in line with DAFF's objectives. It was furthermore noted that as a result of the delay of 4 years from initial discussions to the present day the AgriSeta Funding emerging farmer landscape has changed. As previously mentioned, SAPA has been awarded R500,000 by the A concern noted in the meeting was in terms of the available budget AgriSETA for training. The proposal was that the money be used for and the fact that with the change of landscape - and taking into Poultry Meat Examiner training which was supported; however, account inflationary pressures - the R1,000,000 grant, with the concerns were raised with regards to the current course content and expected outcome of 270 farmers trained, may not be realistic and the fact that the content requires upgrading in terms of regulation will have to be reviewed. R153 which is currently under review. At the recent poultry working Continual feedback on the progress of this initiative shall be published group meeting held at AVI Africa a suggestion was made that the on a regular basis. AgriSETA funding be utilised for the training of Extension officers. AgriSETA are happy to fund such an initiative should the decision to Yours in training do so be approved. Christopher Mason
SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD
AREA SALES MANAGER : + 27 82 603 2332 Local Office in Rynfield, Benoni - Cell : + 27 87 809 0448
19 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN SAPA NEWS
The issue of Avian Influenza (AI) surveillance has also been in PDMA IS ON A ROLL progress. The discussions around the current information that has been stored in the different databases have commenced. The next By Dr. Charlotte Nkuna, Director, Poultry Disease Management phase is to work with the AI responsible vet at DAFF together with Agency Epidemiology to understand the current information and to be able to draft the next steps. There is a gap in knowledge when it comes to the H6 that seems to be circulating in the country. The AI surveillance The agency has been busy finalising the programme will be used to gain an understanding of the severity of business plan that was presented to the the H6. Before this is done however, it is crucial for the industry and producers at Avi Africa. The business DAFF to have a clear plan of how to handle the H6 problem without needs the final nods from the creating any unnecessary nervousness and agitation. The PDMA will subcommittees. The subcommittees maintain a very close working relationship with DAFF and the will be putting the final seal of approval industry to ensure that continuous collaboration and corporation. at the next subcommittee meetings to be held in June 2012. The initial interactions with the provinces have been very good. The PDMA has been invited to attend and present at the Sekhukhune In the meantime, the agency has been District Veterinary Services congress in August. The theme of the increasing its engagements with the congress is 'Disease Surveillance' with an emphasis on diseases that Department of Agriculture, Forestry include Brucellosis, Foot and Mouth Disease, Classical Swine Fever, and Fisheries (DAFF). The reception Tuberculosis and Avian Influenza. The agency is pleased to be invited received from the various sections of DAFF has been very positive and to present at this congress because it will build a foundation for encouraging. The willingness to collaborate and work together to future collaborations with the Sekhukhune District. The agency is also implement the identified programmes has been mind-blowing. in the process of finalising arrangements to make a formal presentation of the goals of the PDMA and how the work can be To give an example, the Veterinary Public Health (VPH) section has rolled out to the provinces. shared the draft of the Residue Monitoring Programme for poultry. VPH have also shared the work that has been done on residues to sample some farms to get an indication of where the industry is at “The PDMA is also being resourced and and to be able to draft a fact based monitoring programme for both the broiler and egg industries. VPH are counting on the industries to the necessary steps are being provide further input into the programme to ensure it will serve the taken by the Onderstepoort Faculty and industries' interest as well as those of the VPH. The ultimate goal is to have one programme per industry that can be sold to the customers, the Production Animal Studies in large and small as well as local and exports. This will make the particular to ensure that the agency monitoring by DAFF easy and it will also simplify the work that the industries have to do to meet the requirements of their various people feel welcome ” customers. The PDMA is also being resourced and the necessary steps are being “The PDMA will maintain a very close taken by the Onderstepoort Faculty and the Production Animal Studies in particular to ensure that the agency people feel welcome. working relationship with DAFF and the The agency is also looking forward to welcoming the Research Chair and to start collaborating in many projects that have already been industry to ensure that continuous identified. The positive response and the warm welcome bode well collaboration and corporation” for the future of the PDMA, industry and government partnership.
20 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
TODAY IN THE USA
SANDERSON FARMS FOLLOWS FAVOURABLE U.S. TREND IN PROFITABILITY
By Simon M Shane BVSc, FRCVS, PhD, MBL, dip ACPV. and contributed to the four-fold increase in contribution. The upswing in the U.S. market is attributed to improved national selling Results for Sanderson Farms prices as a result of voluntary cutbacks in production. For the (SASM) second quarter of 2012, remainder of 2012 the USDA forecasts a 4% lower production of th ending April 30 demonstrated a broiler meat compared to 2011 which should sustain margins. return to profitability. For the quarter, the company generated Tyson Foods is the world largest broiler producer and should sales of R4,581 million* compared represent a bellwether reflecting the profitability of most efficient to R3,688 million for the broiler companies with a broad range of products for consumer, food corresponding Q2 of FY2011. The service and export markets. company posted a net income of R184 million compared to a loss of U.S. Exports for Exports for First Quarter R126 million reported in Q2 Fy2011. For the sixth months of 2012 Climb FY2012 Sanderson Farms generated According to mid-May data released by the Foreign Agriculture a net income of R122 million on Service of the USDA, total exports of all U.S. poultry meat including sales of R8,570 million. broilers, parts and whole carcasses attained 984,974 metric tons valued at R10.025 billion. The value of U.S. broiler exports classified In reviewing results, company chairman Joe Sanders noted according to meat and paws are shown in the table below. The value “improved market conditions” alluding to restoration of balance of all broiler exports was 15.1% greater than the corresponding first between supply and demand for the U.S. broiler industry. Following quarter of 2011 and the value was higher by 29%. The top five the lead of other major producers Sanderson reduced production by markets including Mexico, Hong Kong, Russia, Cuba and Taiwan 4% during the past quarter at all complexes other than the new accounted for 44% of shipments. In reviewing the respective Kingston NC plant. This complex in fact increased output by 24% to increases in volume and price it is noted that the volume of paws attain 96% capacity. The company benefited from a 7.5% increase in exported increased by 30% over the first quarter of 2011 but the revenue partly due to increased volume by also from higher unit value only advanced by 14%. This is in contrast to the value of selling prices. As an example, jumbo wings increased by 121% for broiler meat where the proportional increases for volume and price the current quarter compared to Q2 of FY 2011 and leg quarters respectively were in fact reversed. Paws were shipped exclusively to were up by 15%. A 10% decrease in feed costs attributed to a 6% Southeast Asia in the proportion of 8 to 1 for Hong Kong and reduction in the price of maize and a 15% reduction in soybean meal Mainland China respectively. was a second factor contributing to the improved results. Sanderson Farms is the third largest public quoted broiler company in the U.S. and is also ranked 3rd in production volume at Export Volume Value Unit Value approximately 8 million broilers per week representing 22,000 m Product Metric tons R billion R/m ton tons of processed mass. The company has an asset value of R6.65 billion and long- term debt of R1.37 billion. (*Currency conversion Broiler Meat 787,723 7,515 9,540 R7.7 equal to US$1) Paws 101,544 1,036 10,202
Tyson Foods Posts Improved Broiler Total Broiler 889,267 8,554 9,614 Results Table 1: Volume and Value of U.S. Broiler Exports First Quarter The second quarter of Fiscal Year 2012 for Tyson Foods demonstrated 2012 an improvement in their broiler segment with respect to both margin and contribution. In terms of sales, broilers represented 35% of total New Opportunities for Further Company revenue of R63.7 billion with the remaining proportions from beef (40.7%) and pork (16%). Processed Chicken Meat Mintel Menu Insights, a North American Consultancy Group has “The upswing in the U.S. market is published data on demand for chicken products by the U.S. food and attributed to improved national selling service industries. Increases in menu items from 2009 through 2012 include: prices as a result of voluntary cutbacks 19% increase in Buffalo wings in production” 10% increase in chicken fingers 26% increase in chicken as a pizza topping In evaluating operating margins for the three major business 35% increase in chicken wraps segments, Broilers contributed R1.116 billion of the R2.325 billion posted by the Company. The operating margin for broilers increased The gains in product offerings as noted above are offset by a 36% from 1.4% for the corresponding second quarter of 2011 to 5.0% for decline in chicken sandwiches. Snack-sized and dip-capable chicken the most recent quarter. This represented a marked improvement servings appear to be driving consumption in quick-service
22 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN TODAY IN THE USA
restaurants. Distinctive sauces are associated with brand improvement of 50g in live weight and has advanced feed conversion differentiation. Overall, U.S. menu items featuring poultry have by 0.015. The Tegels standard calls for 200g average live weight at increased by 12% over the past three years and the trend is expected the end of the first week. to accelerate as the economy improves and casual dining becomes more popular. The most significant advantage is that New Zealand is completely free of IBD, IB, ND and AI. Accordingly, broiler flocks receive no “Innovation in chicken products offers vaccinations. Endemic diseases such as MG, MS and LT do not occur diners a greater choice and contributes in either Tegel's parent or commercial flocks due to rigid biosecurity precautions. All growing houses have concrete floors and litter is to the turnover and margin of changed each cycle with at least 7 days between successive flocks restaurants” which are operated on an all-in-all-out program. It is noteworthy that less than 2.5% of all flocks yield any Salmonella serotype and the The chicken industry has benefited from problems facing beef recovery rate in the plant is less than 0.2% of carcasses examined. production. The adverse publicity associated with Lean Fine Textured Beef (LFTB) colloquially referred to as “pink slime” and the recent Tegels is self-sufficient with respect to feed which is produced in one diagnosis of a sporadic case of BSE has directed consumer attention of three company-owned and operated mills. Quality control is strict to other protein products. The pork industry is imperfectly with MIR- assay of ingredients. Tegels uses a four-phase feeding positioned to supply both quick service restaurants and for casual program formulated on the basis of digestible amino acid content. dining, creating a competitive advantage for further-processed Econometric feeding is applied to ascertain the levels of energy, broiler products. Escalation in the cost of beef has also been a factor critical amino acids and total feed issued to optimise margin and in selecting menu servings and steak houses have been especially production per m2 of floor area. affected by price of inputs. Innovation in chicken products offers diners a greater choice and contributes to the turnover and margin of restaurants which otherwise would have to reduce portion sizes Tegels places feather-sexed male and female chicks in the same house and quality of meals served. with transverse partitions to allow broilers to be harvested at predetermined weight. The company exercises rigid control over the New Zealand Performance Outpaces facilities and standards of management of their contractors. the World Dr. Williams opined that the entire Tegels broiler operation serves as th In a recent presentation at the 28 Annual Alltech International an important field laboratory to monitor the genetic quality of Ross Symposium, Dr. Bill Williams, General Manager of Agriculture for stock. Company flocks serve as a potential indicator of any problems Tegel Foods Ltd of New Zealand, reviewed broiler flock performance. since production parameters exceed those obtained in any other Data presented by Dr. Williams confirmed a live weight of 2.3 kg on industry in the World. an as-hatched basis at 34 days with a feed conversion of 1.5. Superlative performance is attributed to the absence of respiratory Active in aspects of US and international broiler and egg production and immunosuppressive infections, other health-related factors, with special emphasis on biosecurity, economics and food safety, Dr. nutrition, housing and management. Simon M. Shane is an Emeritus Professor of the Department of “New Zealand is completely free of IBD, Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University. He currently holds appointments as an IB, ND and AI; accordingly, broiler flocks Adjunct Professor in the Department of Poultry Science, and the College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University. He receive no vaccinations” obtained his veterinary degree from the University of Pretoria in These results which exceed the standard for Ross 308 stock 1964, and holds a Ph.D. in Poultry Nutrition from Cornell University, demonstrate the gap between geneotype, which is the inherent and a M.B.L. from UNISA. The Bulletin features a monthly column by potential for broiler flocks, and their phenotype or actual Professor Shane covering various aspects of poultry and poultry performance. Over the past ten years, Tegels has achieved an annual related matters direct from the USA.
23 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN NORTHERN VIEWS
The NOP therefore would rather see a system in place that weighs in IMPORTANCE OF IMPORTS all these aspects as well, including the origin of raw materials for the poultry feed and the amount of fossil energy used. Not just a limited by Gineke Mons 'Better Living' system, but a full-scale 'Good Produce' label. And the Shooting yourself in the foot. Dutch broiler industry is willing to make this move, according to Overshooting one's goal. Finding a Wolleswinkel. mare's nest. Those types of phrases "But it's more an evolution than a revolution. We are willing to come to mind when I'm considering the produce that what the consumer wants, but adjustments take time. latest move of our illustrious animal We need other types of feed, housing, different slaughter lines. And welfare group Wakker Dier. As I it involves teamwork with the retailers and meat cutters. This whole mentioned in earlier columns, Wakker chain must come together, and it must be feasible financially." Dier aims to ban the plofkip (fast A slower growing type of broiler would mean two cycles less per year, growing broilers) from our shelves and and those losses must be made up by a better price. We'll just have menus. They should be replaced by to wait and see whether the consumer is willing to fork out those their slow growing counterparts, who extra Euros. can enjoy a daily brisk stroll in the great outdoors. Free range in optima forma. Now food producers are “Though it's legally forbidden to produce clambering over one another to find enough poultry meat that meets them in the EU, the import of imported the requirements of the Better Living System of the Dutch society for the protection of animals. Currently, roughly 45 Dutch broiler battery eggs is allowed” establishments (out of a total of 650) produce poultry that qualifies In the meantime, a more or less similar phenomenon is occurring in for one 'star' in the Better Living System. This amount is absolutely the egg industry. In the first quarter of 2012, the European Union has insufficient to meet the current demand, so producers are starting to imported almost 90 per cent more eggs and egg products from third look around abroad. In Eastern European countries like Romania, for countries (non-EU states) than in Q1 of the year before. The total instance, there are plenty smallholdings and bigger farms with old- import amounted to 8.475 tonnes. This mainly as a result of the fashioned free range poultry. And there lies the danger, according to switch from battery cages to alternative housing, which led to a outgoing president Jan Wolleswinkel of the NOP, the Dutch sharp drop in production. The main suppliers of the imported eggs organisation of poultry farmers. He comments on these were Argentina and the United States. Needless to say, most of these developments in a video-interview with Boerderij magazine. eggs originated in the good old battery cage. And although it's legally forbidden to produce them in the EU, the import and processing of “The Better Living System's vision is too narrow. Its sole focus is on imported battery eggs and battery egg products is allowed within EU free range housing; any product that comes from outdoor chickens is legislation. This was part of a bartering deal within the greater WTO- considered okay, whereas aspects like environmental impact, negotiations. But most consumers are absolutely unaware. And as sustainability, continuous supply and working conditions are totally long as they keep buying those products that were made with cheap, forgotten." imported battery eggs, these type of eggs will be imported. Honestly, who ever reads the small print on a pack of cookies or a “We are willing to produce that what the sauce jar? Is the origin of the egg products even mentioned? The retailers don't mind, and as long as there's no animal welfare consumer wants, but adjustments take organisation sounding the alarm bell, zal daar geen haan naar time” kraaien, as we say in Dutch.
24 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN Thinking Green Poultry House Lighting? For 28 years, we have! 80% of COBB Production Award Winners light-up with SEEMORELUX™
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StraightStraight or Dusk-to-DawnDusk to Dawn Dimming Dimming StraightStraight or Step DimmingDimming createsCreates a Sunrise–Sundown Sunrise-Sundown light Light effect Effect
Guidelines for "Green" Lighting @ 20Lux in a House 120m x 15m
Light Choices House Amps. House Amps. Energy Saved Lumen Lux fluctuations Lamp life Lights Brooding Lights Rearing compared to Maintenance when Volts shortened by 100W at failure fluctuate Generator Don’t be misled. When cost and production 100W Light Bulb 35 Amp 9 Amp Zero 70% 1000hrs Yes Yes effective LED is ready SML29 CCG 6 Amp 2 Amp 83% 70% 10 000hrs No No for farmers, we will be too! 0.6m 18W CCG. 9 Amp 9 Amp 75% 70% 7 500hrs No No
0.6m 18W ECG. 8 Amp 3.2 Amp 77% 70% 15 000hrs No Yes
SML2x26W ECG 6 Amp 2 Amp 83% 70% 15 000hrs No No (Volts Guard) The LED is subject to 12W ES LED 8 Amp 2 Amp 77% 70% 25 000hrs Yes Yes ongoing development; Data provided is according Light Choices Lux Variance Lamp Rated Life Lights Capital Replacement Running Cost per Cost per First COBB need Cost Per Lamp Cost 25 000 hrs @ 25k hrs Ex VAT to the current OSRAM max 20% variance House Ex VAT Ex VAT R0.75/kWh Product Catalogue. 100W Light Bulb within 20% 1 000hrs: Phillips R2 002. R18 750: 25k hrs R144 375 R165 127 SML29 CCG 3% - 14% 10 000hrs: Philips R12 084 R3 078: 25k hrs R24 750 R39 912
0.6 18W CCG Zebra Crossing 7 500hrs: Philips R12 160 R3 541: 25k hrs R37 125 R52 826 Figures, are nominal, 0.6 18W ECG Zebra Crossing 5 000hrs: Philips R23 180 R1 770: 25k hrs R33 000 R57 950 based on costs SML2x26W ECG 5% - 14% 15 000hrs:Philips R16 250 R1 248: 25k hrs R24 750 R42 248 currently available. E.&.O.E. 12W ES LED Bulb Unknown 25 000hrs: Osram R57 000 R53 656: 25k hrs R33 000 R143 656
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E-mail: [email protected] Africa Made in South NEWS
NEW MANUFACTURING * Sales less Sales value of imported goods INCENTIVE LAUNCHED less Sales value of other bought-in finished goods less Material input costs (used in the manufacturing process) The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) released the MVA Manufacturing Competitiveness Enhancement Programme (MCEP) guidelines on 15 May 2012. Applications may be submitted from 4 ** Clusters may include entities or organisations in the service sector June 2012 to 31 March 2018. relating to manufacturing or those that provide business development support services for enterprises in the manufacturing The programme encourages manufacturers to upgrade their sector. Eligible clusters should have 5 or more members who are production facilities to sustain employment and promote enterprise registered tax paying entities or nonprofit organisations. competitiveness through maximising the value-addition. 2) Industrial financing and loan facilities (managed by the The Incentive Benefit Industrial Development Corporation):
This production incentive offers companies, close corporations and Pre- and post-dispatch working capital facility of up to R 30 mil co-ops a cost sharing grant calculated at 7 to 15 % of the at a fixed interest rate of 6 % over a 4 year term manufacturing value addition (MVA*), with the DTI covering up to 80% of costs in certain cases. Industrial policy niche projects fund After the two year incentive agreement period and submission of the Projects falling under the Tourism, Automotive, Clothing, Textiles, final MCEP claim, applicants may apply for further interventions Leather and Footwear sectors that qualify for support under TSP, AIS, under MCEP. APDP / MIDP, NIPP and CTCP will not qualify for support under MCEP. The incentive can be applied using one or a combination of the following components: Automotive component manufacturers with less than 25 % of its base year turnover earned as part of the motor vehicle manufacturers 1)Production incentive (managed by the DTI): supply chain may be considered for MCEP.
Component Cost sharing Maximum Qualifying assets / costs Submitting applications grant Capital 30 - 60 % of R 55 mil - Owned / Capitalised Applications must be submitted at least 60 calendar days prior to investment investment machinery & equipment start of commercial production of the assets or undertaking the - Capitalised buildings activities applied for. - Forklifts - Tools, jigs & dies Capital investment and Green technology upgrading projects with a Green 30 - 60 % of R 50 mil - Cleaner production start of commercial production date falling on 30 May 2012 to 30 technology investment - Waste management July 2012 may submit applications until 31 August 2012. After 31 and resource - Energy efficiency August 2012 all applications must adhere to the standard rule of efficiency - Renewable energy submitting applications 60 calendar days prior to the start of improvement - Water use efficiency - Conformity assessments commercial production or undertaking the activities applied for.
Enterprise-level 50 - 70 % of Calculated - Process improvement competitiveness investment MVA / optimisation Evaluation criteria improvement - Product improvements - Conformity assessment Existing manufacturers with financial history of at least one year will - Logistics improvements be considered for MCEP. - Information technology systems Applicants must have at least a level four B-BBEE status or should - Skills development submit a plan to demonstrate how the level four B-BBEE status will - Procurement process be achieved within a period of four years. - improvement - Bidding costs Those manufacturers that are unable to comply with this condition 50 - 70 % of Feasibility studies R 7,5 mil Feasibility studies may provide reasons for inability to comply, and the DTI will consider cost each case on its own merit. IQuad's Integra Scores will also be able - Cluster 80 % of costs R 50 mil Market research to assist with B-BBEE Consulting with a focused approach to achieve competitiveness - Export promotion costs improvement** - Product development costs level four B-BBEE status. - International marketing costs - Costs of developing Only one application in respect of each plant may be submitted - shared infrastructure within a two year period. - Process improvement costs - Benchmarking costs Contact Laura Watson of IQuad Investment Incentives at - International advertising +27 11 797 8500 or by email at [email protected] to take advantage and publicity of this exciting opportunity.
26 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
NEWS
HONEST DIALOGUE THE HALLMARK OF LAND REFORM IMBIZO
A ground-breaking land reform imbizo hosted by the Standard Bank “The farming sector needs to raise its views on the fundamental Centre for AgriBusiness Leadership and Mentorship Development issues it faces,” he said. “Three resilient fault lines in the policy and various key stakeholders from the agricultural, political, documents are inequality, unemployment and poverty, and the government and economic sectors was characterised by an open agriculture sector can say something on all of these.” dialogue that holds much promise for the future of commercial He added that every sector needs to build capacity to strengthen our agriculture in South Africa today. economy, and if farmers are able to expand into neighbouring countries, it proves that there is capacity to do the same in South Attended by Kevin Lovell, CEO of SAPA, the imbizo, held on the 6 Africa. June, stressed the significance of agriculture in the South Africa's future, the issue of land reform and land utilisation, issues “Successful black farmers with successful white farmers can narrow surrounding employment and poverty, land security and how mutual the gap to the commonalities and not the differences and provide cooperation between established and emerging farmers could work social cohesion,” he said, adding that issues of safety and security to the benefit of all. need to be embedded into the agriculture sectors and rural communities and that farming as a business and as a way of life must “South Africa must become a net be preserved. In a general discussion held after the presentations, it emerged that exporter of food as we cannot allow most emerging farmers have a challenge with respect to the ourselves to slip into dependency” ownership of land. Points raised included the fact that issues around land ownership inhibit investment in the land. It was also suggested In his opening address, Gwede Mantashe, Secretary General of the that government is reluctant to transfer land to beneficiaries even ANC, stressed the importance of honest dialogue in finding solutions, though this will create self-reliance where attitudes of responsible saying it was important that the views of the farmers that are not self-reliance can be fostered. diluted by associations and organisations are freely shared and that a Other discussion points included: positive framework needs to be developed for all to work in. Other That preferential market access and procurement needs to be points he covered included the need to help elevate agriculture from pursued; being considered as a social sector to that of being an economic sector; the need for food production and food security and that A disconnect exists between government programs and the South Africa must become a net exporter of food as we cannot allow requirements of emerging farmers. Land ownership is a serious ourselves to slip into dependency. He said that skilling and challenge. Recapitalisation is inaccessible due to serious supporting black farmers is a necessity not a compliance issue and is bureaucracy; not an issue for just the Afrikaner - it is everyone's. The people redeployed to government departments are not the right people and that people are needed who can deliver. “We need to address the plight of those that are dispossessed and The government should stop deploying cadres they are include black farmers as part of the sectorial approach,” he said. wrecking the processes; “Farmers with resources must be able to provide assistance to emerging farmers. Use some of your resources to ensure skills Too many resources are used for salaries of officials who do not development of emerging farmers.” deliver. Perhaps a restructure is required to focus on a different output. Land is expensive and start-up capital is prohibitive. Access to market is a serious challenge. Inputs are hugely “We are looking to farmers for the ideas problematic; and solutions so we can influence There is dishonesty in farm transfer transactions, and the thinking in the ANC's policy conference” quality of farm workers is a serious problem. Extension services are a disaster, and a need exists to bring commercial farmers in to the support plan. The Department Agriculture and Referring to land reform, he said the Department needs to find Department of Land Affairs only concentrates on its own simpler processes that all can access as the current state of internal business and does not have a significant output; administration is not helpful. Scrapping marketing boards and dropping subsidies was a very “We need to talk about successes because there are many and must big mistake in the base line architecture support requirement look at the real issues, quantify progress and deal with failures,” said for emerging and sustainable farmers; Mantashe. “What can the government do, what can commercial Government is not in touch with the realities of rural farmers do and what must emerging farmers do? The dependency communities. Farming has to be profitable to sustain its attitude of emerging farmers must be arrested and the question developmental role. Need to overhaul the policy framework to asked as to how work together to change all of these issues. We ensure profitability and sustainability; need proper ideas to make this happen and the ANC is looking to farmers for the solutions. With these in hand, we can influence the Farming is long term business, so there is a need to create thinking in the ANC's policy conference at the end of the month.” certainty as well as have ownership across the board. A level- headed middle of the road agricultural policy is required as it In his address, Police Minister Nathi Mthethwa said it was important takes generations to eradicate debt and foreign capital. Proper for all stakeholders to talk and understand what has to be done - and support services are required and the mechanism must be to do it together. created to support this;
28 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN NEWS
A Solution has to, and can be, found in a partnership between Piloted last year with the agriculture Co-op Boeremakelaars government, emerging farmers and commercial farmers. Kooperatief Beperk (BKB) as a strategic partner, the card was Mentorship and knowledge are key ingredients so existing presented to farmers at this year's Nampo Harvest Day. It is a commercial farmers need to play their role. Commercial payment solution that will simplify the clients farming operations agriculture must be involved in making the training of young and assist the farmer in financial management and spend control to farmers relevant. Agri-business must be pursued. A leadership optimise their cash flow to avoid overspending. position needs to be defined with regard to all of these issues; Explaining how this will work, Absa Agribusiness Head Ernst Janovsky There is a need to create and belong to commodity groups says the producer/ farmer will approach selected and accredited Co- that enhance the farming capability of their members. operative stores and Agribusinesses to purchase input production Cooperatives need to be developed that serve the best interest means like seed, fertiliser, fuel, chemicals, etc. The producer/ farmer of the members; account will be debited and the merchant account will be credited. A merchant and producer receipt will be printed showing the amount The agriculture sector is vulnerable and needs a degree of debited, and the producer/ farmer receives an SMS confirming the protection from external market forces. The playing field needs transaction. to be levelled; “This is a closed-loop solution that ensures wherever money flows in Government needs to adapt its support products to the a value chain, it stays within the payment ecosystem. This means requirement of emerging farmers. Need to focus on the that, throughout the value chain from production to delivery and winners and not the masses. Enable the winners to also mentor payment for agricultural goods delivered, to the funding and the next emerging farmers; controlled spending, the money never leaves Absa. All transactions There is a need to talk about new farmers and not emerging can therefore be delivered at a more competitive rate because Absa farmers. Access to land has been a perennial issue and is not processes them internally,” says Janovsky. unique to South Africa. Work ethic is extremely important. Government needs to continue to create opportunities. Commercial farmers are essential in the creation of new farmers. It has to work economically. Realism must come back to agriculture its economic and commercial value and job creation potential. “The frank exchange of views between all important stakeholders is essential to the future of agribusiness in South Africa” In a consolidated report on discussion presented to the meeting for comment, some further matters emerged, including issues relating to the general security of farms; corruption by decision makers in the support programs of government; that as farming is a business, government should assist in the strengthening of the cooperatives; “They do not want additional plastic in that agri-business goes beyond political cycles; the Land Bank should their wallets, but would like to have go back to its original mandate; that the Maputo declaration should be implemented; and that tariff protection should be applied. secure payment platforms. They also What is abundantly clear from this imbizo is that the frank exchange need a cashless environment and of views between all important stakeholders is essential to the future assistance in managing the farm of agribusiness in South Africa. Further, it is a helpful mechanism for political leaders and government to realistically assess the current finances and being able to manage and state of affairs across a range of issues and devise and implement strategies and policies that are relevant and appropriate. This will control their cash flow” ensure a successful and prosperous future for all those involved in He adds that it is without a doubt that farmers require cost effective the agricultural sector - commercial and small scale, established and methods and means to make their financial transactions simpler. emerging - in a manner that meets the economic and social imperatives of all. “They do not want additional plastic in their wallets, but would like to have secure payment platforms. They also need a cashless environment and assistance in managing the farm finances and ABSA LAUNCHES FARMER’S being able to manage and control their cash flow. With the AgriGrow card, farmers will also have guaranteed payments and bargaining PAYMENT SOLUTION power with suppliers,” he says. “On the other hand, this also helps Absa has launched the AgriGrow Card, a payment solution for the merchant to reduce the amount of cash and cheques that gets farmers to use when buying their supplies, thus providing merchants handled, and he receives immediate or future dated guaranteed and input suppliers with a convenient way to accept payment. The payment. The POS device is a mobile 3G device which can be used AgriGrow card is the farmers' electronic wallet with unique payment via agribusiness representatives at the producer's farm and livestock functionalities. auctions.”
29 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN NUUS
AGRI SA REAGEER OP ZUMA SIMBIOTIESE VERHOUDING IS UITSPRAAK OOR BELANGRIK VIR SUKSES PLAASVERWAARLOSING BINNE GRONDHERVORMING
“Ten spyte daarvan dat verskeie senior ANC leiers, waaronder “Vir volhoubare voedselproduksie en optimale hulpbronbenutting minister Gugile Nkwinti self sy erkenning van kapasiteitstekorte en het ons 'n grondhervormingsmodel nodig waardeur 'n simbiotiese probleme met korrupsie en onvermoë in die departement verhouding tussen suksesvolle kommersiële boere en nuwe uitgespreek het, word die skuld vir mislukte grondhervorming en toetreders, sowel as kleinskaalse boere, ontwikkel kan word," het transformasie in landbou steeds deur politici en amptenare voor die Johannes Möller, president van Agri SA, by 'n vergadering van die deur van kommersiële landbou gelê,” aldus Theo de Jager, adjunk- World Farmers' Organisation wat op 7 Junie 2012 in Rome gehou is, president van Agri SA. gesê.
De Jager het gereageer op 'n uitspraak van President Zuma op 31 “Dit is nie net 'n mentorskapsverhouding nie, maar hoofsaaklik 'n Mei 2012 soos vervat in sy Presidensiële Begrotingsdebat wat in sakeverhouding,” het hy gesê, en aspekte soos produksiebeplanning, Kaapstad gelewer is waarvolgens hy boere daarvan beskuldig het dat kollektiewe insetverkryging, ontplooiing van toerusting en plase wat oorgedra word in terme van die restitusieproses oor die bemarking is 'n toenemend uitdagende funksie in terme van logistiek algemeen in 'n verwaarloosde toestand is. en nakoming van gesondheids- en kosveiligheidsvereistes.
“Dit is swak administrasie en gebrekkige implementering van In antwoord op hierdie opmerkings het verskeie Afrika-boere die grondhervormingsprogramme in die Departement van Landelike relevansie van so 'n benadering vir hulle lande gesteun. Ontwikkeling en Grondhervorming wat veroorsaak dat produksie op grondhervormingsplase misluk en nie verwaarlosing deur vorige “Daar word van Afrika-lande verwag om grondeienaars nie,” het hy gesê. hulle voedselproduksie aansienlik uit te “Voorts word grondeienaars in die brei aan dié van 'n groeiende restitusieproses slegs 60% van die wêreldbevolking” markwaarde van hulle grond aangebied”
Volgens De Jager is administrasie van die herverdelingsproses beroerd in so 'n mate dat selfs 'n suksesvolle swartboer, vanweë grondbesetting sy plaas sonder kompensasie verloor het en meer as 'n jaar wag vir 'n vervangende plaas, soos deur minister Nkwinti aan hom belowe is. Daar bestaan verskeie gevalle in veral die Mooketsi en die Tzaneen omgewing waar transaksies reeds vir meer as 'n dekade onafgehandel is. Voorts word grondeienaars in die restitusieproses slegs 60% van die markwaarde van hulle grond aangebied as hulle bereid is om hulle plase te verkoop, wat enige verdere ontwikkeling op sodanige plase inhibeer. Onder sulke omstandighede kan dit van geen regdenkende persoon verwag word om verdere investering aan te gaan nie, want daar bestaan uiteraard geen sekerheid dat kompensasie hiervoor sal geskied nie. Dit is gewoon irrasioneel om van boere te verwag om verdere investerings aan te gaan. Mnr Nduati Kariuki van die Kenya National Federation of Agricultural “Oud-aktiviste in senior posisies in die Producers het gesê dat Afrika-regerings, multi-laterale instansies en skenkers die strewe van Afrika-boere om suksesvolle grootskaalse departement is die belangrikste rede kommersiële produsente te word, moet erken. waarom grondhervorming tot dusver “Die fokus moet dus verskuif van die volhouding van 'n kleinskaalse- misluk” produsentbedeling na die bemagtiging van boere om effektiewe deelnemers in die kommersiële voedselketting te word,” het Kariuki Volgens De Jager beskik die departement oor bitter min kundigheid gesê. en is daar nie amptenare met die nodige kwalifikasies of ervaring as boer, landbou-ekonoom, grond- en weidingkundige of finansiële Daar word van Afrika-lande verwag om hulle voedselproduksie bestuur in landbou wat begunstigdes van grondhervorming van hulp aansienlik uit te brei, nie net om aan die plaaslike vereistes te kan wees nie. Daar is wel oud-aktiviste in oormaat in senior posisies voldoen nie, maar ook aan dié van 'n groeiende wêreldbevolking. in die departement aangestel. Dit is die belangrikste rede waarom grondhervorming tot dusver misluk. “Dit is duidelik dat die bewese kundigheid en die oorgrote meerderheid van 'n groot aantal gevestigde kommersiële boere 'n “Totdat korrupsie en onvermoë in die departement uitgewis en onontbeerlike bate vir Suid-Afrika is om die sukseskoers vir nuwe bekwame administrateurs aangestel is, het grondhervorming in SA toetreders tot die landbou en, in 'n mindere mate, ook aan landbou- nie 'n kans om te slaag nie,” sê De Jager. ontwikkeling in Afrika te verbeter,” het Möller gesê.
30 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN p p a PENINSULA POULTRY APPLIANCES (PTY) LTD SUPPLIERS OF LEADING POULTRY EQUIPMENT
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Ook spesiale dank aan al ons voornemende kliënte wat so getrou ons unieke en baie suksesvolle “opedae” of bekendstellings bywoon en met ons kwaliteit en diens spog saam met die voordurend groeiende tevrede kliënte basis van Echo.
Physical Address: Solidum Building 328 Mundt Street, Waltoo Pretoria, South Africa Pieter Buitendag Cel: 082 803 1104 E-Mail:[email protected] Postal Address: P.O. Box 1860, Silverton 0127, South Africa
Web Page: www.echocoldrooms.co.za
Office Numbers: Hannes Nel +27 12 803 9490 Cel: 082 808 8353 +27 12 803 0605 E-mail: [email protected] Fax Number: +27 12 803 7621 OUT AND ABOUT
AVI AFRICA
As the biggest annual poultry event in South Africa with a diverse and topics as well as view the more than 150 exhibitors showcasing exciting programme of events and speakers, Avi Africa 2012 at products and services covering every facet of the poultry industry. Emperor's Palace hosted over 1,500 conference delegates and visitors The Bulletin was on hand to capture some of the atmosphere. that came to listen to a wide variety of speakers on a range of
Marius Nagel, Dr David Allwright and Marco Tortius Jack Legodi and Boikanyo Mogase
Nigel Pastar, Charlene Loedolff and Garth Lloyd-Jones Pieter Buitendach and Hannes Nel
David Stock, Theo Delport, Andy Crocker and Gerrit Visser Prasanna Patil and Devendra Garware
36 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN OUT AND ABOUT
Braam Reid, Mike Wanliss, Bill Reid and Awie Kruger Chris Leighton, Shelley Kretzschmar and Pieter Ferreira
Sheila Ross, Judy Robberts and Megan Floyd
Michael Nhlabathi, Theo Bezuidenhout and Pieter Oosthuysen
Andrew Roberts and Albert Janse Van Rensburg Keith Millard and Arend Kuipers
37 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN OUT AND ABOUT
Franswa Pawson, Chris Schutte, Heinrich Swart and Ken Tucker Sakkie Luther, Dave Spark and Craig Gibson
Kevin Lovell and joint 'Best Large Stand' winners Reliance Poultry Equipment
Kevin Lovell and joint 'Best Small Stand' winner Teraoka SA
Kevin Lovell and joint 'Best Small Stand' winner Epol Kevin Lovell and joint 'Best Large Stand' winners Poltek
38 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN OUT AND ABOUT
Kevin Lovell and joint 'Best Small Stand' winner Steve Hobbs, Tasmin Vorster and Martin Hobbs Barry Seymour Agencies
Sakkie Malebana, Bradley Roe, Melissa Hills and Paul Roe
Rodney and Jeffrey Macer-Wright
Elizabeth Khumalo and Precious Muchingami Aubrey Morudu, Dali Ramncwana, Dr Charlotte Nkuna and David Hughes
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AVI AFRICA SPECIAL AWARDS
AVI AFRICA
Every year at Avi Africa, SAPA honours some outstanding members of Honorary Life Membership; a Special Award to SAPA Chairman the industry that have made a commendable contribution to the Marius Gericke; and Professor Rob Gous who was awarded the SAPA continuing growth and development of the South African poultry Honorary Presidency. industry. The recipients for 2012 were Professor James Hayes with an
Professor James Hayes
Appointed as Professor of Poultry Science at Stellenbosch University's Department of Animal Science in 1974, James Hayes main interest during his academic career was in poultry nutrition. He authored or co-authored 35 papers in scientific journals, 20 in popular journals and presented14 papers at local and overseas congresses. After retirement, Professor Hayes became involved - in association with Alan Saunders - in the development and presentation of certificate courses for employees in the poultry industry by means of distance education under the auspices of the Department of Animal Science of the University of the Free State. Over the years, during his membership on the Training and Research committees of SAPA, Professor Hayes has added immense value to Marius Gericke with Robbie Kruger who received the Honorary the work of SAPA and to its members – a worthy recipient of the Life Membership award on behalf of Professor James Hayes award as an Honorary Life Member.
Marius Gericke
Now in his second term of office as Chairman of the South African Poultry Association, Marius Gericke obtained his B.Sc. Agric and B.Sc. Hons in Agricultural Extension/Nutrition at the University of Stellenbosch. He also holds a B.Sc. in Animal Nutrition as well as an MDP from UNISA.
He joined Ross Poultry Breeders in 2000 and was appointed as Chief Operating Officer of the company in September 2005.
Jimmy Murray with Marius Gericke and his Special Award
Professor Rob Gous
Professor Gous studied poultry science at the University of Natal in Pietermaritzburg, and worked for Epol after graduating with a BSc. in Agriculture. He joined the University of Natal as a lecturer in 1970, moving up to senior lecturer, associate, full professor, and becoming a senior professor before retiring at the end of 2007, when he was made an emeritus professor. He has continued to write papers, conduct further research and improving the simulation models that he has developed over the years. His research over the past 20 years has involved the development of simulation models that predict food intake and growth of broilers and pigs, and he is currently developing models to predict food intake in laying hens, laying performance in broiler breeders, and growth, food intake and reproductive performance of ostriches. Professor Gous is a founder member of the Jimmy Murray and Professor Rob Gous with his KwaZulu-Natal Poultry Institute, which continues to be highly Honorary Presidency award successful in training students and preparing them for life.
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DPFO PAGE
GAUTENG FARMER’S INDABA ENDS WITH MOU BETWEEN DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE AND SAPA
By Moses Modise, DPFO Coordinator, SAPA “The event was very successful in that the Gauteng small scale commercial poultry farmers managed to establish a structure that Gallagher Estate was a hive of activity will be representing all the districts in Gauteng,” said Moses Modise, on the 8th and 9th of May 2012 when DPFO Coodinator. 150 developing poultry farmers got together to elect a governing structure for the Gauteng regional representation of the Developing Poultry Farmers Organisation.
The first day consisted of in-depth discussions of the current status quo in the South African poultry industry and how to best capitalise on opportunities which could assist the DPFO and developing farmers.
The attendees of the Gauteng Poultry Farmers Indaba - held under the theme 'Local Production for Local Consumption' - broke off into two different commissions to discuss alternative markets and structure and stakeholder engagement respectively. The outcomes have been recorded and transcribed and will be processed into a working document with future action plans.
Another key outcome was the drafting of a Memorandum of The newly elected Gauteng DPFO committee L to R: Mr J Legodi, Understanding between the Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Ms. T Matlala, Mr.L Mooketsi , Ms T Thupana - Chairperson, Rural Development, represented at the Indaba by the MEC Nandi Mr. J Maluleke, Ms. M Pitsi , Mr. L Mogase, Mayathula-Khoza, and SAPA on behalf of DPFO for the establishment of an abattoir to assist developing poultry farmers in Tshwane north Ms. Nthabiseng Thupana was elected as the chairperson of DPFO in in Gauteng. the province, and she will sit in the national structure of the organisation to ensure that the interests of Gauteng developing farmers are represented. The significance of the event was captured by Agri TV, which broadcasted highlights and interviews of key attendees on the channel a few days after the event.
Various key stakeholders such as the DTI, Department of Agriculture, Environment, Land and Rural Development and the Land Bank made presentations on how they were able to assist the developing poultry farmers. The next step is to hold a workshop at the end of June with these funding institutions to practically assist developing farmers on how to successfully apply for funding. A strategy is currently being drafted to deal with the training of farmers, bio- security, and ways of facilitating funding that will assist farmers to upgrade their facilities.
The Honourable Nandi Mayathula-Khoza, MEC GDARD and DPFO National Chairperson Mr. Jake Mokwena
44 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
POULTRY SCIENCE
sodium diformate treatments improved broiler weight gain by 6.5% PERFORMANCE to 10.3% compared to the negative control. Based on the Empirical Rule all NDF treated groups differed statistically from the negative ENHANCEMENT WITH SODIUM control (µ±3σ). NDF furthermore improved feed conversion ratio by 7.6% (dosage: 0.1%), 12.0% (0.3%) and 11.4% (0.5%) compared to the DIFORMATE IN BROILERS negative control group. The results are summarised in Table 1. WORLD-WIDE Table 1: Dose dependent performance of broiler fed with diformate
By Christian Lückstädt and Sarah Mellor Control 0.1% NDF 0.3% NDF 0.5% NDF
Evidence of the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria Weight, day 26 [g] 904±15 1066±15 1079±19 1039±18 that are pathogenic to humans has mounted over recent decades, and the practice of using sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics as Weight, day 38 [g] 1872±20 1993±19 2044±24 2065±28 growth promoters (AGP) in livestock production has been heavily FCR 1.84 1.70 1.62 1.63 implicated in this resistance. Worldwide, this connection has led to erosion of consumer trust in agricultural practices that rely on this Survival rate [%] 94.3 100 100 100 valuable medical resource. Increasingly, legislation is limiting their use. The shift from AGP to alternatives begun in Europe rapidly EBI 247 302 325 327 spread, as exporting countries have had no choice but to comply. These findings lead to the conclusion that addition of sodium “Formic acid and its salts are well diformate considerably improves poultry performance by increasing live weight and reducing feed consumption and thus feed conversion, known to improve productivity, acting compared to a negative control. The best results in respect of these against pathogens, which decreases the parameters, calculated as a European Broiler Index (EBI), were obtained for the dosages of 0.3% and 0.5% NDF. The EBI for 0.3% NDF pressure on the animal's immune inclusion improved by more than 31% compared to the negative system” control group. The benefits of incorporating sodium diformate in broiler diets were A number of alternative feed additives have been investigated. as well tested recently under tropical conditions in a trial conducted Among the new, tested compounds are acidifiers. These supplements at the research farm of the University of Agriculture and Forestry in include organic acids and their salts, like diformates. Potassium Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The acidifier was tested at two different diformate, for instance, the potassium double-salt of formic acid, dosages (0.1% or 0.3% NDF) in a commercial broiler diet, against the rapidly gained formal approval as the first legal alternative for in-feed same diet containing either no acidifier (control group) or an antibiotics in Europe. antibiotic growth promoter (AGP: BMD-10 at 300g/t of feed). Feed and water were available ad libitum. The effects of NDF on Formic acid and its salts are well known to improve productivity, performance parameters of poultry (livestock viability, live weight, acting against pathogens, which decreases the pressure on the feed consumption and feed conversion), on dressing (breast meat animal's immune system. Thus, more nutrients will be available for ratio), as well as litter quality (water content, bacterial load) were productive functions such as growth or laying, while acting on the examined. 384 day old birds (Cobb 500) were randomly selected and feed matrix to provide optimal conditions for digestive enzymes, divided into 4 treatment groups with 96 chicks each. The diets were particularly pepsin, releasing more nutrients from the feed. The fed for 42 days. Performance data were measured at the end of the double sodium salt of formic acid, while having the same trial (Table 2). antimicrobial properties as formic acid, has become more commonly Table 2: Performance-, dressing- and economic-parameters in broiler used in poultry production, as it is easier to handle and does not fed with or without sodium diformate (NDF) negatively affect palatability, as can the pure acid.
Negative NDF NDF AGP Thus, several trials have been carried out in order to demonstrate the Control (1 kg/t) (3 kg/t) (300 g/t) effectiveness of sodium diformate (ADDCON) under various conditions world-wide. A scientific trial with sodium diformate (NDF) Number of birds 96 96 96 96 was conducted at the research farm of the All-Russian Poultry Final weight [kg] 2.264 2.324 2.365 2.345 Institute in Moscow, Russia. Each of the four groups, 0.1% NDF, 0.3% NDF and 0.5% NDF, as well as a negative control, consisted of 35 one Daily weight gain [g/d] 52.8 54.2 55.2 54.7 day old Cobb broilers, which were raised to 38 days on a commercial Daily feed intake [g/d] 109.4 103.1 107.8 110.6 wheat-corn-soy diet. Feed intake, growth, as well as mortality of birds were recorded. An economic analysis based on the European Broiler FCR 2.07 1.90 1.95 2.02 Index (EBI) was used to predict the benefit to the farmer. EBI is widely Survival [%] 95.8 97.9 97.8 99.0 used to describe the efficiency of broiler production. It is calculated Breast ratio [%] as EBI = Daily weight gain (g) x Survival (%) / 10 x FCR. Statistical 22.7 23.9 24.0 23.3 analysis was based on the Empirical Rule and µ±2σ was considered to EBI 244 279 277 268 be a significant result. NDF addition was found to enhance individual Cost of feed / 1kg gain* 0.72 0.66 0.69 0.71 live weights with increasing dosage, at day 26 as well as at the termination of the trial (day 38). By the end of the experiment, *calculated in US-Dollar
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JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
POULTRY SCIENCE
“NDF-inclusion was best according to TREATING POULTRY the broiler index as well as being the DISEASES WITHOUT most cost effective” Overall performance in the groups with NDF was increased, even ANTIBIOTICS when compared to the AGP-group. The addition of 0.1% sodium Identifying antimicrobial proteins in chickens that kill pathogens is diformate under the circumstances of the trial resulted in an increase one method being used by US Department of Agriculture (USDA) of 2.6% in weight gain, while the feed conversion rate was improved scientists to find alternatives to the use of antibiotics to control by 8.2%, compared to the negative control. Furthermore, this NDF- infectious poultry diseases. inclusion was best according to the broiler index as well as being the most cost effective. Furthermore, birds fed with NDF had a numerical Each year, poultry diseases such as coccidiosis cause losses of more improvement when dressed. The breast meat ratio increased by than $600 million in the United States and $3.2 billion worldwide. more than 5% if compared to the negative control, while the Molecular biologist Hyun Lillehoj, at the Agricultural Research improvement compared the AGP-group was still nearly 3%. One Service (ARS) Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research could speculate that this was caused by the improved protein Centre (BARC) in Beltsville, Maryland, has dedicated her career to digestibility, which is often reported in conjunction with the use of discovering how to produce poultry without using drugs. Her dietary acidifier. research includes enhancing innate immunity through genetics, and examining molecules produced by birds in response to enteric or 4,50E+07 intestinal pathogens. 4,00E+07 Immune molecules 43,5E+07
3,00E+07 Some molecules are host antimicrobial proteins that can kill pathogens, improve immune responses and promote the growth of 2,50E+07 beneficial gut bacterial populations in poultry, according to Lillehoj, 2,00E+07 who works in the ARS Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory at BARC. 1,50E+07 She and her colleagues have identified one such immune molecule, 1,00E+07 called NK lysin. Lillehoj and her colleagues demonstrated for the first 5,00E+07 time that NK lysin kills chicken coccidia. They also showed that this 0,00E+07 antimicrobial protein or host defence molecule is effective against CONTROL AGP 0.1%NDF 0.3%NDF other parasites such as Neospora and Cryptosporidia, which infect livestock and humans, respectively. One commercial company is Figure 1: E.coli numbers (MPN/g) in faeces of broiler fed with or looking at the possibility of developing NK lysin into a product that without NDF can be used to kill intestinal parasites in chicken. Finally, the faecal quality and content of birds was examined. It could Necrotic enteritis be stated that the litter quality - based on the moisture content, was significantly (P<0.05) improved in birds fed NDF at both dosages (tested against the negative control). Moisture content in the faecal matter was reduced by either 7% (in the 0.1% NDF-dosage) or 5% (at 0.3% inclusion of the additive); while the AGP-group had only a reduction of 4% in the moisture content of faecal matter (moisture content of control litter was 57.2%). In conjunction with the improved quality of the litter is also the significantly reduced (P<0.05) level of E.coli in the faeces (Fig. 1), which is measured as MPN (Most Probable Number). If looked at the reduction rate, one could say that the use of dietary sodium diformate reduces the E.coli load in faeces by 96-97%!
“Sodium diformate in broiler diets has Lillehoj also is studying enteric bacterial infections caused by beneficial effects on performance by Clostridium, a pathogen associated with necrotic enteritis in poultry. She is using a similar molecular technology to develop alternatives to lowering bacterial pathogen” treat this disease. Working with industry, international partners and other scientists, Lillehoj has discovered other options to antibiotic Conclusion use in poultry. Phytochemicals derived from peppers, plums, safflower, green tea and other plants have been shown to be Numerous reports have demonstrated how including sodium effective in enhancing the immune system of chickens. Also, the diformate in broiler diets has beneficial effects on performance by beneficial effects of probiotics, which are live, non-pathogenic lowering bacterial pathogen load and improving nutrient digestibility. bacteria that promote health and balance of the intestinal tract These benefits are turned into economic returns, despite the microbiota, have been demonstrated in past research. perceived increase in feed cost of using additives. This article has been reproduced with the kind permission of Sid Clarke and can be found at This artice was reproduced here with the kind permission of Johann van Niekerk of ADDCON Africa www.allaboutfeed.net
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POULTRY SCIENCE
HOW GENETIC IMPROVEMENTS IMPACT ON MANAGEMENT AND HUSBANDRY
By D. J. Elfick of Aviagen International Figure 1: Broiler growth rate and Hen Housed Chick output over time in a Japanese Industry data set (Japan Chunky Association 2011, Genetic Change unpublished).
Genetic change over the last sixty years in Japanese Industry Average Daily Gain and Chick Output to broiler breeders has been achieved at an 65 Weeks Over Time 61 150 incredible rate with age to 2kg in the 59 genetic stock of 2001 reducing by 140 approximately 330% (31.4 vs 104.2 days) 57 compared to the stock of 1957, whilst 130 feed conversion ratio (FCR) to 2kg was 55 120 reduced by 230% (1.48 vs 3.40). This 53 equates to annual increases of 47g and - ADG (g/d) 110 0.04 FCR points per annum, while mortality to a weight has remained 51 Chicks to 60 weeks (#) broadly static (adapted from Havenstein et al., 2003a). At the same 49 100 time meat yields increased as shown in Table1. Annual Average Daily Gain 47 Annual Average Chicks to 65 weeks 90 Table 1: Estimated Carcass components of 1957 and 2001 genotypes 45 80 fed the same diet at 2kg, (adapted from Havenstein et al., 2003b) 1/1/1972 6/23/1977 12/14/1982 6/5/1988 11/26/1993 5/19/1999 11/8/2004 5/1/2010 Placement Year Carcass Component Weight 1957 Bird on 2001 Diet 2001 Bird on 2001 Diet % Change
Carcass Weight (g) 1329 1399 5.26 Today Aviagen has extended its breeding program to include not only the traditional performance and welfare traits, but inclusion of Breast Meat Weight (g) 246 373 51.29 electronic feed stations to record 'lifetime FCR' (similar to those Leg and Saddle Weight (g) 613 609 - 0.70 described in Bley and Bessei, 2008) and multi-environment selection
Wing weight (g) 189 160 -14.99 as described in Kapell et al. (2012). These methodologies have enabled faster progress in feed efficiency by looking at the behavior Heart Weight (g) 9 10 14.49 of the birds as well as the final result, along with significant Lung Weight (g) 11 10 -8.09 improvements in robustness as evidenced in the most recent years' results in Table 2. It is likely that these traits will remain Abdominal Fat Weight (g) 42 10 -76.48 commercially important into the future; however breeding Carcass Fat Weight (g) 370 204 -44.80 companies are well placed to respond to changes in market demands Ash weight (g) 57 48 -16.61 with a range of products targeted to varying markets.
This data demonstrates that whilst the key trait of interest to Impacts of Genetic Change Western consumers (breast meat), has greatly increased, that there is no evidence of loss of core support traits such as cardiovascular Figure 2: The approximate relativities of genetic to environmental function or bone mineralisation. Carcass yield was shown to have effects in broiler breeder chickens. Note: environmental effects have increased by 0.08% per annum; while breast meat and total leg been arbitrarily divided equally for simplicity. increased at 0.35% and 0.27% per annum respectively.
It could appear that these rates of improvement cannot continue Factors Effecting Potential Performance Health status Nutrition indefinitely; however Emmerson (1997) demonstrated that there 100% Management 90% remained large variation between commercial breeds and that Stockmanship improvement in key traits could continue. Despite commercial 80% Genetics breeding companies greatly increasing the range of traits that are 70% selected for, the use of modern statistical packages such as Best 60% Linear Unbiased Prediction (Meyer, 1989) has meant that the rates 50% 40% of improvement in these key commercial traits can continued to % Performance 30% change at broadly the same rates as indicated by Havenstein et al. 20%
10%
Growth traits tend to be genetically negatively correlated with 0% Egg Fertility Hatchability Egg size Body Weight Feed Breast Meat breeder traits (Chapuis, 1996) and a selection strategy that is Production Conversion focused primarily on broiler performance traits would result in a Reproductive Traits Performance traits reduction in reproductive performance; however the current commercial breeding companies have taken a multi-trait approach to Whilst it is possible to demonstrate genetic change over time in their product improvements (McKay et al., 2000) which has resulted controlled trials or within industries, it is key to remember that only 2 in the improvement both of broiler performance and chick output as the genetic proportion of the variation (heritability or h ) is under demonstrated in Figure1. the control of the geneticists and that the environmental variation
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POULTRY SCIENCE
(housing, nutrition, health status, stockmanship, etc.) to which the Feed intake management to ensure that birds grow well into the birds are exposed can have as great or greater effect than the reproductive phase is starting earlier, with field discussions showing genetic change (Figure 2). Despite improved resistance to stressors that breeders feed intake is adapted from one to two weeks of age and disease, along with an increased ability to thrive on poor quality compared to four or five weeks, 10 years ago. Wijtten et al. (2010) raw ingredients, day to day management remains vital in order to showed in broilers, that care needs to be taken with feed intake maximise the well-being and economic performance of today's birds. management in the early part of growth for the good development Modern husbandry therefore must continue to adapt to best meet of tissues such as the small intestine and heart, to maximise later life the changing needs of both the breeding stock and the broilers. performance. Early growth management in breeders therefore Responding to the needs of the birds on a regular basis, through should be conducted with care in order to optimise the growth of core stockmanship principles, remains one of the most important vital organs to promote efficiency in later life. Romero-Sanchez, et al. ways to realise maximum performance and bird well-being. (2007) were able to demonstrate that a sigmoid feeding pattern that avoided large weight gains late in rear was beneficial to maintaining Growth Potential late fertility and hatch, supporting the moderate early, slow middle, Impacts on Breeders moderate late shape of the growth curve recommended by Aviagen (2011) There is a wealth of literature (Fuller et al., 1969; Pym and Dillon, 1974; Watson,1975; Robblee et al., 1979; McDaniel et al., 1981; Uniformity of the flock is as important, or potentially more so, to Bornstein and Lev, 1982; Siegel and Dunnington, 1985; Hocking et reproductive performance as body weight management. One of the al., 1989; Katanbaf et al., 1989a,b) that demonstrates the greatest challenges to any producer of breeding stock today is to reproductive advantages of feed intake control for both males and ensure the best uniformity of the flock possible. Hudson et al. (2001) females during both the rearing and laying phases of breeder demonstrated that flocks with good uniformity had higher egg production. This is in broad agreement with all of the breeding output to 35 weeks, as the hens all started production at the same company literature (Aviagen, 2011; Cobb, 2011; Hubbard, 2010). time. They were able to ameliorate the effect of poor uniformity by Feed intake control of breeders has also been reported to reduce feeding into lay faster than normal however this resulted in higher mortality under disease situations and improve immune response bodyweight and slightly lower peaks. As this study was terminated (Han and Smyth, 1972) and whilst there are concerns over the relatively early in production the final outcome of this strategy to a welfare implications of controlling breeder weights, a number of typical commercial depletion age is unknown. Romero et al. (2009) authors are in agreement that the alternative, with its risks of confirmed that flocks with lower CV% produced more eggs to 60 obesity, reproductive disorders and associated health issues (Mench, weeks and had a longer prime sequence than flocks with poorer 2002; Renema and Robinson, 2004), are of greater detriment to uniformity. They also were able to demonstrate that the ideal weight animal welfare. A recent scientific opinion by EFSA (2010) states that and feed intake to maximize production did vary between more research on this topic is required. Indicating that whilst there individuals. may be opportunities for the investigation of both management and “Understanding of the uniformity of breeding strategies to reduce the requirement for the current levels of weight control, such as the use of dwarf breeder genotypes emergence and its relation to pull time (Renema and Robinson, 2004), at present when birds grow towards in the hatchery must be maximised to the reproductive stage, it is important that their weight gain is appropriate. It may be that there exists a phase when ad lib feed is enhance the time between emergence neither appropriate nor natural anymore. and placement at the farm to reduce Renema et al. (2007) (Figure 3) demonstrated the changes 6 week broiler weight versus 6 week recommended weights in Hubbard weight loss during holding and growth breeders. This indicates that it is likely to be more challenging for the and organ development” grower to achieve the targeted weight profile. It is therefore increasingly important to ensure that a representative sample (a One tool available to the grower to improve uniformity of the flock is minimum of 2% of the flock or 50 birds, whichever is greater (Ross, grading (Petitte el et, 1981) which has been shown to greatly 2011)) of the flock is weighed on a routine (preferably weekly basis), improve uniformity when done correctly. First grading should occur in order to best understand and control weight gains. around 4 weeks of age. Birds should be 2-way graded if CV% between 10 -12% and 3 way graded if the CV% is greater than 12% Figure 3: Ratio of 6 week male and female Hubbard breeder Body (Aviagen, 2011). Flocks with a CV% of less than 10% generally do not weight : broiler body weight management guide recommendations benefit from grading. All grading operations should be complete by 9 between 1979 and 2005 (Renema et al., 2007). weeks, as at this time 90%+ of the skeletal development of the bird has occurred. From this point onwards, for overweight flocks redraw 60 51.9 52.5 Male Female the bodyweight curve to maintain the differential from the breeder 50 recommended weight profile, as removing more weight is likely to 38.2 39.3 40.1 cause further uniformity deterioration and a lack of readiness for 40 36.1 36.1 35.2 light stimulation. Redrawing of the curve on light flocks should occur 30.3 30 27.2 at 11 weeks as increasing weight on these flocks from this point onwards is likely to result in over fleshed birds (the consequences of
BW Ratio (%) 20 which will be discussed later in this paper). 10 Impact on hatcheries 0 1979 1989 1991 1997 2005 The proportion of the time that the bird spends in the shell as a Year percentage of total lifespan has increased (17% of age to 2kg in 1957
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POULTRY SCIENCE vs 40% in 2001).This means that the time as an embryo and neonate Feed Efficiency becomes increasingly critical. Various authors have described the advantages of enhanced timing of feed and water availability on Impacts on breeders subsequent chick performance (Careghi et al., 2005; Gonzales et al., 2003). Understanding of the uniformity of emergence and its Not only has the growth potential of the modern broiler breeder relation to pull time in the hatchery must be maximised to enhance increased but its appetite and feed efficiency has improved along the time between emergence and placement at the farm in order to with it. DeBeer and Coon (2007) demonstrated the effect of different reduce weight loss during holding and growth and organ feed programs in rearing on egg production. They determined that development in the first week of life. Failure to achieve this is likely Every Day (ED) feeding was more efficient than programs that to make 7 day and subsequent uniformity poor and more difficult to skipped days; with FCR to 21 weeks 3.68 on ED vs 4.00 on a 5-2 correct. program. The ED program also produced more eggs to 45 weeks than the skip programs and required less feed per egg. Impact on broilers Whilst this experiment showed no significant difference in uniformity The brooding period (first 7 days) of the chick's life on the farm also between treatments, skip programs have become a significant accounts for a greater proportion of its life as a broiler (22% of age to management tool in the field to improve feed distribution and 2kg in 2001 vs 7% in 1957). In the early post-hatch period, chickens therefore the uniformity of the breeder flock (Katanbaf et al., act as poikilotherm (cold-blooded) animals and become fully 1989a). From a commercial producers viewpoint therefore the homeotherm (warm-blooded) after about 10 d (Tazawa et al., 1988; advantages of feeding birds every day may be outweighed by the use Nichelmann and Tzschentke, 2002). It would appear that this period of skip feeding programs to maximisation of uniformity and remains biologically fairly stable, although strategies that increase economic returns. Feeding programs should be tailored to the growth have been suggested as reducing the time period, due to available equipment. Chain / trough feeders or floor feeding tends to higher muscle and digestive heat produced by the neonate (van den result in a more even distribution of feed than pan type systems. A Brand et al., 2010). Therefore pre-preparation of the house to ensure number of articles which state that there is no advantage in either that floor temperature, not just air temperature, is achieved in line uniformity or growth to having all birds able to eat at the same time with the breeders' recommendations is required. An understanding (van Key and Weaver, 1988; Leksrisompong, 2010), may be accurate of bird behavior as an indication of comfort is critical and in an experimental settings, however with the increased appetite of temperature must be adjusted for both humidity and bird activity in the modern breeder clean up times can be so short (less than 30 the first week of life in order to maximise feed intake, early growth minutes in some cases) that this is likely to lead to increased and uniformity (Aviagen, 2009). variation in the flock in practical, commercial situations, so the Most ventilation that occurs in poultry houses is designed to remove provision of adequate feeding space is important. Not only can diet moisture as the first limiting by-product (Czarick, 2010b). As growth densities be adjusted to extend feeding time and allow more even rate increases, the total water intake of the house to an age also access to feed, but feed form can be adjusted from pellet to crumble increases (Figure 4), as a consequence of a relatively stable water : to mash, to optimise feed clean up time (Aviagen 2011). It is feed ratio. It is therefore important to ensure that minimum recommended that all mangers of stock attend feeding to observe ventilation rates are kept in line with water consumption / growth, to bird behavior and adjust feeders and feed amounts based on their avoid the deleterious effects of poor quality litter, such as foot pad observations in order to maximise the uniformity and productivity of dermatitis and hock burn (Greene et al., 1985). In cold weather, this the flock. can often be at odds with the desire to reduce ventilation and conserve heat within the house; however litter material with low Table 3 shows even within a very short time period (2 years) that the moisture levels can reduce the risk of pathogenic microbial growth amount of feed required in the average US breeder operation has and lower ammonia production (Carlile, 1984). Low levels of declined, but that the related micronutrients (vitamins, trace ammonia (produced by bacterial metabolism of poultry nitrogenous minerals, etc) have not kept pace with the reduction in feed intake. waste) improves BW, feed conversion, and livability in poultry (Reece Some of this may be a result of previous over-feeding of these feed et al., 1980) and these factors may enhance return on investment to elements and increased feed prices causing re-evaluation of diets, a much greater extent than the reduced fuel cost. however there is a very real risk that the feeds of today are border- line in micronutrients for breeder requirements. Nutritionists should Figure 4: Daily broiler water consumption. (Czarick and Fairchild, review diet specifications on a consistent basis to ensure adequate 2009) provision of all nutrients. Table 3: Average breeder diets in the USA 2009 and 2011, adapted from Agristats, 2009 and 2012.
2009 Average 2011 Average 20 Wk weight (g) 2009 2037 Feed to Capitalization (kg) 13.30 13.17 FCR (g:g) 6.62 6.47 Total Calories to Capitalization 37527 37127 Phosphorous 5.59 6.06 Calcium 13.30 13.43 Sodium 3.06 2.90
to Capitalization Vitamin Pack 9.98 9.74
Total g of Ingredient Trace Minerals 8.25 7.90 Micronutrient Pack 19.02 14.75
g of feed / dozen eggs 3048 2998
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JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
POULTRY SCIENCE
Influences on broilers Table 4: Comparison of amino acid requirements relative to lysine between breeder and broilers adapted from Fisher, 1998 and There is a growing body of evidence (Brickett et al., 2007; Schwean- Aviagen, 2007. Lardner et al., 2012) that indicates that there are benefits to FCR of having a more extended dark period during the day. Dark periods of Breeder at Breeder at Breeder at Broiler Broiler Broiler four hours or more cause, as yet unexplained, physiological changes Amino Acid 29 weeks 31 weeks 64 weeks starter Grower Finisher within the bird, which lead to an improvement in growth rate and Arg 90 90 89 103 104 105 feed intake, as well as changes in eye growth and the continuity of His 34 34 33 diurnal rhythms and melatonin production. The availability of these Ile 68 70 68 dark periods has been shown to reduce lethargy and increase Leu 112 114 111 67 68 69 comfort, exercise and nutritive behaviors (Schwean-Lardner and Lys 100 100 100 100 100 100 Classen, 2010). FCR tends to improve with as dark period length Met 42 43 42 37 38 39 increases, whilst growth rate is maximised at around 4 hours of darkness in a day, however yield tends to reduce with longer dark Met + Cys 71 73 71 74 76 78 period. It is therefore important that a calculation involving feed Phe + Tyr 117 120 116 cost, growth, product value, etc., is conducted in operation to Thr 63 64 63 65 66 67 maximise welfare and productivity. Trp 21 22 21 16 16 16 Val 79 81 78 75 76 77 The value of intermittent lighting programs on broiler performance has mixed reviews in the literature, with some publications indicating In males the issue of over-fleshing is as much mechanical as that broilers modify their behavior to account for the dark periods physiological (Fontana et al., 1990), with heavily fleshed males but no improvements in feed efficiency were seen (Duve et al., 2011; struggling to make contact with the cloaca of the females and Cave et al., 1985) and others indicating that intermittent lighting or copulate effectively (Hocking and Bernard, 1997). The use of separate management methods to stimulate bursts of activity were conducive male diets, lower in AA (Hocking, 1990) and calcium (Janssen, 2000) to improved FCR and the reduction of leg issues (Balog et al., 1997, and higher in energy (Spratt and Leeson, 1987) than female diets has Wilson et al., 1984). Howie et al., 2011, in the absence of been shown to be effective in changing the conformation of the male intermittent lighting programs, demonstrated that the feeding and promoting higher late fertility. behavior of birds had no relationship to feed efficiency, and therefore any improvements in performance are likely to be related It is no longer effective to manage breeders based solely on weight to other mechanisms such as compensatory gain (Buyse et al. 1996). and both sexes should be conformation scored on a routine basis throughout the rearing and laying periods to ensure that the fleshing “Whilst hens require a certain of the breast is maintained at the appropriate level to maximize reproductive performance. As previously discussed, the sigmoid proportion of lean tissue to become shape of the rearing curve may provide a useful tool for managing the ratio of bone to muscle, which may have positive impacts for the sexually mature over fleshing can result control of fleshing later in life. in higher maintenance requirements for For both males and females the heat generation from additional hens” muscle mass can pose a challenge for hot weather ventilation of breeders, especially when humidity is high. Providing adequate fan Muscle Deposition capacity and air intakes to allow for cooling by wind chill and / or evaporative cooling should be considered when renovating of Impacts on Breeders building breeder houses (Donaldson, 2010). Observation of bird behavior especially after feeding is important to determine the Whilst hens require a certain proportion of lean tissue to become correct ventilation rate based on the comfort of the birds. sexually mature (DeBeer and Coon, 2007), over fleshing can result in higher maintenance requirements for hens, by the re-partitioning of “Modern broilers are more responsive energy and amino acids (AA) away from egg production and into lean tissue turnover (Hocking et al., 2002). As egg production falls, to amino acid density than birds from bodyweight will increase and a vicious cycle can ensue. Increased the 1970's” weight in laying broiler breeders has been shown to be related to increased fatness, due to excess energy consumption as egg Impact on broilers production drops, which in turn reduces female fertility (Bilgili and Renden, 1985) and increases embryo mortality (Hocking et al., The improvement both in feed efficiency and increased potential for 2002). Hens fed ad libitum post peak have been shown to produce lean tissue deposition in modern broilers has resulted in substantial only 25% of the chicks that restrict fed birds produce. Mangers of reduction in the cost to produce a unit of boneless meat (Havenstein breeding stock must judge post-peak feed management not only on et al., 2003b). Modern broilers are more responsive to amino acid egg production but on weight, conformation and fatness within the density than birds from the 1970's. (DeBeer, 2010). In order to flock. Lysine is the first limiting AA for broiler muscle deposition maximize return to the bottom line of the business, an (Carew et al., 2005) and as demonstrated in Table 4 the understanding of ingredient price, finished feed cost, the effect on requirements of amino acids for breeders are substantially different live and processing performance, plus the current market value of for that of broilers. Care should be taken with formulation of breeder the finished product is required to determine the most effective diets not to over-feed lysine and encourage additional muscle density of diet for the current market situation (Figure 5, DeBeer deposition. 2009).
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JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
POULTRY SCIENCE
Figure 5: Surface plot showing the effect of varying ME and amino Near term opportunities acid levels on margin over feed cost for deboned birds under a specific set of market conditions (average feed price: $280/ton; boneless breast price: $3.68/kg; thighs: $2.68/kg;drums: $1.42/kg; wings: Figure 7: Green House Gas emissions per Ton of Meat Produced $3.00/kg) (DEFRA, 2008)
The heat production of the modern high yielding breeds (Figure 6) and their effects on ventilation rates is probably even more critical in On a per kg basis broiler chicken is the most efficient terrestrial the broiler house than the breeder house. Birds do not have the farmed species (FAO, 2006). This efficiency in utilisation of feed, ability to lose heat to the environment through sweating so the energy and space also makes it the species with the lowest levels greatest proportion of heat loss is through direct body to heat of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions (Figure 7, DEFRA, 2006) and transfer (Donaldson, 2010). As birds age, the proportional surface the reduction of these emissions is predicted to continue in line area of the bird decreases, making heat transfer more challenging. with genetic improvements in efficiency, growth, muscle potential, Stocking density will have a significant impact on heat transfer as the etc. However there remains a substantial variation in the amount more bird surface area that is exposed; the faster heat will be of GHG emitted by various operations (Vellinga and de Boer, 2009). transferred. The installation of migration fences to keep birds evenly distributed within the house can be advantageous in this. Generally “Balancing the AA requirements of the the faster the air speed the more heat is removed and the greater the broiler live performance, which had lead to people designing bird in the diet has been shown to houses capable of airspeeds of 0.38 m2 /sec (800 ft2 /min). The cost of reduce the excretion of excess nitrogen building and running this style of house should be considered when ventilation choices are being made. The speed of the air is not the and reduce the output of Ammonia” only factor to consider but also the uniformity of that airflow within the house (Czarick, 2010a). Evaporative cooling can also assist in Full lifecycle analysis of broiler farming from grain production reducing bird temperature during hot weather but the efficiency of through to the back door of the processing plant has yet to be these systems is dependent on the environmental humidity. All completed but a number of studies looking at difference portions factors should be considered along with observation of bird comfort of the full cycle have been complete. These studies demonstrate when tuning the ventilation system. that the method of production (Durali, 2012; Leinonen 2012) and the sourcing of ingredients (Mosnier, 2011) and makeup of the Figure 6: The change in heat output from Broiler chickens 1968 and nutrition (Applegate, 2012) can have profound effects on the 2000 (Czarick 2008, personal communication). overall output of GHG's. Of all the GHG emissions from poultry, ammonia (NH4) is the most prevalent and has 7.7 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) (Nemecek and Kägi, 40 2007). Balancing the AA requirements of the bird in the diet has
35 been shown to reduce the excretion of excess nitrogen and reduce the output of Ammonia, having benefits in terms of reduction of 30 pollutants, lower neighbor complaints, improved performance and lower cost (Kidd and Tillman, 2012; Al Homidan et al., 2003). 25 Btu’s.bird 2000 Btu’s/bird 1968 20 All the commercial breeding companies have expended a great deal Btu’s/hr of selection pressure into improving both cardio-vascular fitness and 15 skeletal strength (McKay et al., 2000) and the effects of these can be
10 demonstrated in the field (Figure 8). Whilst these genetic changes will continue, the operation of any management system needs to 5 consider maximising welfare in order that the industry is seen by both retailers and consumers to be proactive. Manning et al. (2007) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 describe “lead” indicators of welfare, such as feed and water intake, Bird Weight air and litter quality, as well as weight gain, which all producers
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JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
POULTRY SCIENCE should monitor on a daily basis. As most producers will say, animals to globally will improve performance and bird well-being. Near term in distress or exposed to disease are unlikely to achieve their opportunities, in areas like climate change and welfare, exist to set productive potential, demonstrating that poor welfare generally the industry up as one that people look to for guidance, rather than returns poor returns. The risk of industry complacency is uninformed one which is guided. Breeding companies will constantly develop the groups, often without the best interests of the industry at heart, products that are demanded by their clients and whilst today the dictating the methods and production systems that the broiler focus is generally on robustness and efficiency, it is likely that there industry is to use. will be a greater range of products demanded in the future.
Figure 8: Leg Condemnation Rates from the Canadian Food Inspection This is an edited extract of a presentation that was first delivered Service (Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, 2012) at Avi Africa 2012. To read this and other presentations delivered during the three day Congress and conference, please visit the
Leg Condemnation Rates IN bIRDS PER 10,000 as Reported by SAPA web site and follow the 'AVI Africa/presentations 2012/' link, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and pick the presentation per day. 8 100% Valgus /Varus Aviagen Market Share 7 90% Leg Condemnation Rates in Birds 80% 6 70% 5 60%
4 50%
3 40% Change in Reporting - Condemns / 10,000 all leg condemns 30% % Market Share 2 20% 1 10%
0 0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Conclusions Changes in broiler efficiency since the 1950's has been enormous and through the use of multiple trait selection the reproductive potential of these birds has also increased, whilst critical measures of welfare have been held at a constant rate or improved. The principles of production have not changed over this time but the requirement for attention to detail to maximise performance has not lessened. For most performance traits the management elements continue to have a greater impact on a day-to-day basis than genetics. Understanding the background requirements for management practices and how to effectively implement them under the range of conditions that broilers and breeders are exposed
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JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
A PAGE IN TIME
S.A.P.A. POULTRY BULLETIN APRIL 1966
Reluctant boy is biggest broiler Homework baron of Africa “I still find it necessary to do a lot of homework. I always take STANLEY CHARLES METHVEN, a boy born and educated in work home. I subscribe to at least a dozen agricultural and Durban, is today at the age of 37 what can rightly be claimed financial journals. One must keep on studying to keep abreast the biggest broiler baron in Africa. His farm in Hammersdale of modern developments in the poultry and financial world”, the home of the well known ”Rainbow -chickens” is an he said. attraction to many overseas poultry farmers and other visitors. He has also made several trips to Europe and America during After he left school Stan Methven held a variety of jobs: He the last four years and learned a lot from the English especially, went whaling in the Antartic, he served in the Merchant Navy whom he found very efficient. and worked with an oil refinery business in Durban.
In the meantime his Farther, Mr J. C. Methven, was poultry Recently he visited Israel where he found poultry breeding farming in Hammersdale, housing four to Five thousand layers. practices very similar to those in South Africa. Both in Israel and South Africa no open importation of breeding stock is “Then my farther decided upon selling the farm if I, his only permitted. son, did not take an interest in it. I went reluctantly, but I began to read extensively about American and British methods “I found that we broiler breeders in South Africa are as of mass production of broilers. It intrigued and interested me efficient as the Israelis. Their egg production strains of greatly. I soon realised that the only way to succeed was to breeding stock are however more efficient than ours: They adopt the same type of management, housing and marketing compared extremely well in the American Random Sample which is applied in America and England” Mr Methven told the Test.” News Editor of the “Bulletin” in an interview.
When he came to the farm the young Mr Stan Methven gave International up egg production and started producing broilers-at first 500 birds per week and at present 75,000 broilers per week, During September last year MR Methven was invited to marketed all over South Africa and South West Africa. participate in the International test run by Cobb Breeding Corporation in Massachusettes in the U.S.A. The best American This is the biggest broilers production plant on the African results were 4.36 pounds live weight at 8½ weeks. The average Continent. There are 500 employees, European, Indian and for the test was 4.2 pounds and the entry of Mr. Methven Bantu. 4.1 pounds. Mr Methven Senior never anticipated that his son would actually take such a keen interest in poultry farming, said Mr “I feel this is an outstanding result considering that we have Methven Junior with a smile. only been breeding for the last three years.”
62 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN A PAGE IN TIME
The Methven method of production is as follows: Chickens (Cornish Mr stan methven married miss lilian visser of cape town In 1954. They Game x White Rock) are reared in houses with a 20,000 capacity each. have three children, Karen 9 years, Jenny 4 And Lisa 2. Here the chicks are grown for nine weeks and then marketed. At this stage they have an average live weight of 3.8 pounds which is Frozen chickens on national basis perhaps a record for South Africa. These chicks attained the best results in the two recent government Random Sample Tests. An agreement between Irvin and Johnson Limited and Rainbow Poultry Farms (Pty.) Ltd of Hammersdale, Natal, for the distribution of Computer frozen chickens on a national basis, has been announced. Irvin and Johnson are handling sales in the Cape, Transvaal, Free Rainbow Poultry Farm runs the most up-to-date breeding State, South West Africa, Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi. The Natal programme in South Africa – it is computerised from cards on which sales are retained by Rainbow Poultry Farms. all information needed is punched. This is the first time that the distribution of chicken has been Mr Methven ascribes the success attained to the very high standard undertaken on a national scale and will mean a steady increase in of selection and the population genetics applied to his breeding production of birds in Natal. programme. As for the future, Mr Methven says “The year 1965 was Rainbow Poultry Farms recently started production at their new one of major expansion for us. In the foreseeable future it will be a processing plant at Hammersdale, Natal, and are now able to process matter of consolidation'” up to 2000 birds an hour. He also has a word of caution for the poultry industry: “Sooner or later broiler production is going to catch up with the demand and then a period of lower prices will be unavoidable. I feel that the poultry industry has been far too profitable for too long a time. The poultry farmer will have to adjust himself to a more realistic return on his invested capital'”
“We ourselves, have for years studied methods of reducing the cost of production to meet this situation which is bound to arise. This year our Research and Development Division will be devoting special attention to veterinary and nutritional research.” BIRTHDAY PAGE
HAPPY BIRTHDAY LEKKER VERJAAR According to the SAPA records, the following people are Volgens die SAPV se inligting verjaar al die volgende mense in celebrating their birthday during July. We hope that you Julie. Ons hoop dat julie die dag geniet en dat daar nog have a wonderful birthday and many more to come! vele voorlê!
Mr J Arendse, Arbeidsloon Mr W J Barnsley, W J Barnsley Partnership 1 Mr T Mathebula, Earlybird Farms Middleburg 17 Mr M C Bosch, Boschveld Indigenous Chickens Mr M S Mbulaheni, Happy Farm Mr S Ally, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Mr M W Mogano, Bophelo Ke Semphekgo Poultry Mafikeng Abattoir Mr M S Sebyenane, Hano Trading cc Mr K P Makatong Mnr J F Malan, Koplande Mr D Hodgson, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 18 Mnr S J Oosthuizen, Farmgro Hoenders Mr L P Mabetwa, Letjeka Poultry Me S Schultz, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 2 Dr L G Swart, Vredebest Plase Edms Bpk Abattoir Botshabelo Mnr J J Geldenhuys, Wiloko Trust Mr D Lewis, Hillandale Farm 4 Mr A Muller, Pioneer Foods Pty Ltd T/A Mrs W Lategan, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 19 Bergvlei Chicks 5 Mr D M Mhlongo, Vukuzakhe Mnr J Lit, Lit Chickens Community Development Mrs V Moloi, Zenzel'Imfuyo Poultry Co-Op Me P Swinghany, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Mr E W Mthombothi, Khumbula Egg Production 20 6 Mafikeng Abattoir Mrs D Zakwe, Mbangweni Poultry Farm Me N Badenhorst, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Tigane Mr G Chimbaza, Golden Estate United Mr O E Mahlalela, Zamokwakho Poultry Project 7 Me M C Mathume Mr N J Mokwena, Kwena Chicks Mr G Rossouw, Eggbert Eggs Pty Ltd 21 Mr S Ndweni Mnr A Smit, Almur Smit Pluimveeplaas Mr G B Meyer, Grootvlei Kuikens Mnr J J Jordaan, Kekkels Egg Farm 8 Mr J Vyfie, Skye Broiler Breeder Mr E M Makoti, Ngwako A Maloma Farming 22 Me N S Masubelele, Motee Poultry Project Me R Beukes, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Breeder Botshabelo Mr T Mopeli 9 Mr S Ndebele, Basotho Chicken Poultry 23 Mrs N S Tsotetsi, Dinaledi Chicken Abattoir Mr P M Beckley, Beckley Brothers Poultry Farm Mr R S Macomo, Warrenton Super Chickens 10 Mnr H T Prinsloo, Hennie Prinsloo Boerdery Mr A R Schruer, Valley View Poultry Farm 24 Mr N Sodi, Thulwe Chickens Mr T Delport, Astral Operations Ltd Me M van der Merwe, Midway Chix Pty Ltd Mnr C Marais, Willow Valley Welkom T/A Hubbard SA Mr T Seboka, Boschkop 11 Mnr J H Du Plessis (Jnr), Kiepersol Pluimveeplaas Mr G T Seome, WAES Services Mnr J J Malan, Malan Boerdery Mr J Matthee, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Dr V Dhladhla, Brunza Agrt Abattoir Botshabelo Mr J Maingard, Deeside Farm 25 Mr V Morolo, Klipgat Mr D T Mnisi, DTM Poultry Me M J Tsotetsi 13 Me A Ramaiba, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Abattoir Botshabelo Mr K Mokwena, Mantshatlala Poultry Mr V D Thwala, Zizam Poultry 26 Me M E Magudulela 27 Mrs J R Tsheoga, Buildrift Mnr J V N Van Niekerk, J V N Boerdery 14 Mr A Harding, Umbuluzi Farm Chickens Pty Ltd Mr F Kraupner, El Ranohito 28 Mnr J Kriel, G S Poultry Mr M S Lubbe, Lubbe Poultry Pvt Ltd Mev M van Wyk, Looiersvlei Mr E Malefane, Willow Valley Welkom Mr B Govender, Riversmead Poultry Farm 15 Mr N D Nkuna 29 Mr M K Phiri, Golden Estate United Mnr H P J Streicher, Streicher Farm Chickens & Mr F K J Marshall, Ken Marshall Chicks Poultry Abattoir 30 Mr J E Naude, Westoe T/A De Hoop Eiers Bk Mrs B W Bradbury, M/Dew Mr T Frauenstein, Lenqu Poultry 16 Mr V E Myeza, Myez'Omkhulu S & M Co-op 31 Mr R P Sadiki, RUDLES Agri Enterprises cc
64 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN Asparagus, Potato and Boiled Egg Time
Serves: 1 as a main meal Cooking time: 30 minutes Hint: Ideal for a complete meal or generous starter Down Ingredients Method
4-6 baby potatoes 1) Boil the baby potatoes in rapidly boiling water until just tender. Drain. 6 fresh asparagus spears 2) In the meantime, boil the eggs to desired firmness (see link). 2 soft boiled eggs (link to the perfect boiled egg) 3) Place the asparagus in rapidly boiling water and boil for 2-3 minutes. 15 g (1T) butter, melted or olive oil Drain and refresh under cold water to stop cooking process. 15 ml (1T) fresh parsley, chopped 4) Melt the butter and mix with chopped parsley. Salt and pepper to taste 5) To serve: Halve the eggs and place eggs, asparagus, and potatoes in a serving plate. Drizzle with parsley butter, season and serve.
65 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN P U Z Z L E M A N I A
1 2 3 4 5 6 Across
7 - Disk thrown by an athlete (6) 7 8 8 - Drink (6) 10 - Deer (7) 9 11 - Firearm (5) 12 - Playthings (4) 10 11 13 - Slumber (5) 17 - Sport Bryan Habana plays (5) 18 - Impoverished (4) 22 - Floral leaf (5) 23 - Part of ear (7) 12 13 24 - Bring into the country (6) 25 - Oceanic seabird (6) 14 15 16 Down 17 18 1 - Instruct (7) 2 - Hawks (7) 19 20 21 3 - Plant storage organs (5) 4 - Improve in appearance (7) 22 23 5 - A very short time (5) 6 - Dogma or religious doctrine (5) 9 - Songs for babies (9) 14 - Table utensils (7) 15 - Intense fears (7) 24 25 16 - Blackberry bush (7) 19 - Small branch (5) 20 - Halts (5) 21 - Welcome (5)
DOOIER LEHUIS I N E K U Y Last Issue’s Puzzle answers STYGING ASTRALE T E T A U T V DOUVOORDAG JAER R N R I S SUDOKU KRAAI ETIKETTE O G S N E HOENDERS SITER 3 6 R A E I O EDIK HOENDERKOS J O U R E N P 4 2 8 1 KIEMWIT SNAAKSE E E S T D I 6 3 8 STREEL BESOPE
7 3 6 8 5 1 9 2 4 5 6 9 7 8 4 8 9 2 4 6 7 5 1 3 8 5 1 5 4 9 2 3 6 8 7 9 8 7 2 4 5 1 3 6 7 3 5 8 1 6 5 4 1 3 9 6 2 7 8 2 6 3 7 1 8 4 5 9 5 6 2 4 7 5 6 8 2 3 9 1 6 2 4 5 6 2 8 1 3 9 7 4 5 3 1 9 5 7 4 8 6 2 8 3 Last Issue’s Sudoku answers Last Issue’s
66 JUNE 2012 PLUIMVEE POULTRY BULLETIN
TakeTake aa freshfresh looklook atat youryour poultrypoultry houseshouses
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