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Palinologia De Espécies De Malpighiaceae Juss. Ocorrentes Nas Restingas Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro

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Palinologia De Espécies De Malpighiaceae Juss. Ocorrentes Nas Restingas Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Hoehnea 34(4): 519-529, 4 tab., 69 fig., 2007 Palinologia de espécies de Malpighiaceae Juss. ocorrentes nas restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Vania Gonçalves-Esteves1,2, Edio Ferreira Soares Junior1,2 e Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça1,2 Recebido: 26.04.2007; aceito: 06.11.2007 ABSTRACT - (Palynology of species of Malpighiaceae Juss. that occurs in “restingas” of Rio de Janeiro State). It were analyzed 17 species subordinate to eight genera that occur in Rio de Janeiro “restingas”, aiming to contribute to the pollinic characterization of this species and to the pollinic catalog of “restingas” of Rio de Janeiro. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, described and illustrated under light microscopy to observe details of surface, non acetolysed pollen grains were analysed under SEM. Only Byrsonima sericea has small, tricolporate and isopolar pollen grains. On other species were apolar pollen grains and presented characteristics that were used in the pollinic key. The main characteristics employed were size, number and dimension of the apertures, sexine and colpoid ornamentation. It conclude that analyzed species were palylonologically distinct and the pollinic characteristics were considered to be a good available resource to the researchers that will be able to use in the Taxonomy and in other related areas. Key words: Malpighiaceae, palynology, “restingas”, Rio de Janeiro RESUMO - (Palinologia de espécies de Malpighiaceae Juss. ocorrentes nas restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro). Foram analisadas 17 espécies subordinadas a oito gêneros ocorrentes nas restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de contribuir para a caracterização polínica dessas espécies e para o catálogo polínico das restingas do Rio de Janeiro. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, analisados e fotomicrografados sob microscopia de luz. Para observar detalhes da superfície, grãos de pólen não acetolisados foram analisados em MEV. Apenas Byrsonima sericea possui grãos de pólen isopolares, pequenos e tricolporados. Nas demais espécies os grãos de pólen foram apolares e apresentaram atributos que foram utilizados na chave polínica sendo as principais caraterísticas utilizadas, o tamanho dos grãos de pólen, a quantidade e dimensões dos poros, a ornamentação da sexina e dos colpóides. Conclui-se que as espécies são palinologicamente distintas e as características polínicas mostraram ser um bom recurso disponível aos pesquisadores que poderão utilizar na taxonomia e demais áreas afins. Palavras-chave: Malpighiaceae, palinologia, restingas, Rio de Janeiro Introdução número de alas (APG 2003). De acordo com dados do APG (2003), a família Malpighiaceae Juss. pertence à ordem Malpighiaceae está dividida em duas subfamílias: Malpighiales, com cerca de 63 gêneros e, aproxima- Malpighioideae Burnett, de ocorrência tropical e damente, 600 espécies pantropicais. É uma família subtropical, e Byrsonimoideae W.R. Anderson, com distinta por suas folhas opostas, inteiras, com pares predomínio na América tropical. Malpighioideae de estípulas; tricomas unicelulares em forma de T, caracteriza-se por apresentar grãos de pólen “globais”, quase sempre de cor marrom, sendo freqüente a simétricos, 4 a poliporados, estilete variável, estigma presença de glândulas achatadas conspícuas sobre o terminal, fruto alado ou não, cromossomo n = (9)-10. limbo foliar ou o pecíolo. As flores com 4 ou 5 sépalas, Com sete gêneros e cerca de 560 espécies, a subfamília freqüentemente, pareadas por glândulas, as pétalas predomina nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, são fortemente clavadas e dobradas no botão, com 3 especialmente nas Américas. Byrsonimoideae ocorre carpelos, cada um com um único óvulo. As sépalas e na América tropical, diferencia-se de Malpighioideae os filetes são freqüentemente persistentes na base do por possuir laticíferos articulados, estilete subulado, fruto, que é semelhante a uma sâmara com um variável estigma terminal. Byrsonima é o único gênero da 1. Museu Nacional, UFRJ, Departamento de Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 2. Autor para correspondência: [email protected] HOEHNEA p519a530 err.pmd 519 14/2/2008, 17:36 520 Hoehnea 34(4): 519-529, 2007 subfamília e possui cerca de 150 espécies, todas Banisteriopsis sellowiana (A. Juss.) B. Gates - ocorrentes na América tropical. BRASIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Maricá, restinga de Maricá, A filogenia da família vem sendo analisada em IV-1988, J. Fontella & B. Rapoport s.n.* (R194510); vários trabalhos através do seqüenciamento genético Saquarema, Praia de Itaúna, restinga, 28-IX-1988, e estudos citogenéticos de várias espécies relacionando D. Araújo et al. 8598 (GUA); Rio de Janeiro, restinga o número de cromossomos à diversidade morfológica de Jacarepaguá, 4-V-1951, E. Pereira et al. 4363 de gêneros, como: Banisteriopsis Rob. e (RB). Byrsonima sericea DC. - RIO DE JANEIRO: Arraial Heteropterys Kunth (Lombello & Forni 2001). São do Cabo, 29-I-1950, C.A.M. Weiss s.n. (RB75761); estudados o “murici” (Byrsonima crassifolia L. Rich), Rio de Janeiro, Bosque da Barra, restinga de com a pesquisa de suas essências (Alves & Franco Jacarepaguá, 26-IX-1982, M.H.O. Lemos s.n.* 2003), e a “acerola” (Malpighia emarginata DC.), (RB224216); Rio de Janeiro, Estrada da Restinga de com o isolamento de suas enzimas, sem falar no uso Marambaia, km 2, 20-X-1966, E. Guimarães & da polpa de ambos, para a indústria alimentícia. Estas D. Sucre 66 (RB); BAHIA: Salvador, restinga da Praia atividades revelam uma pequena parcela da de Itacimirim, 27-X-1989, H. Passinho & M.V. importância econômica da família Malpighiaceae. Campos s.n. (RB319120). Heteropterys alternifolia Pode-se citar ainda, os estudos de algumas W.R. Anderson - RIO DE JANEIRO: Saquarema, Reserva espécies dos gêneros Heteropterys Kunth, Ecológica de Jacarepiá, 28-IX-1989, D. Araújo 9959* Banisteriopsis Rob. ex Small e Malpighia L. em (GUA). Heteropterys bicolor A. Juss. - RIO DE pesquisas de fármacos para o combate ao câncer e JANEIRO: Arraial do Cabo, Estrada antiga para Búzios, ao Mal de Parkinson (Schwarz et al. 2003), enquanto D. Araújo et al. 10303* (GUA43223); Cabo Frio, outros estudos investigam o grau de toxidez e atividade Morro do Gavião, 20-X-1966, D. Sucre 3933 (RB). Tetrapterys antiviral de espécies do gênero Cav. ou, Heteropterys chrysophylla (Lam.) Kunth - RIO DE ainda, qualidades antibióticas de Byrsonima JANEIRO: Macaé, entre Quissamã e Lagoa Feia, crassifolia (Melo et al. 2001). restinga, 2-III-1965, H. Sick s.n.* (HB40740); Rio A família Malpighiaceae está representada em das Ostras, Praia Virgem, 14-III-2000, H.N. Braga inúmeros levantamentos florísticos, os quais auxiliam 904 (RB); Rio de Janeiro, Barra da Tijuca, 6-I-1946, na análise dos aspectos ecológicos de insetos G. Hatschbach 9785 (RB). Heteropterys coleoptera polinizadores, principalmente, devido à coleta de óleo A. Juss. - RIO DE JANEIRO: Carapebus, restinga de dos elaióforos de suas flores (Aguiar & De-Almeida Carapebus, 6-X-1997, F.C. Ferreira 10 (R); 2002). Carapebus, próximo Fazenda São Lázaro, Estudos palinológicos na família foram realizados 20-VIII-1997, I.M. Silva et al. s.n. (R191987); por Erdtman (1952), Salgado-Labouriau (1973), Restinga do Recreio dos Bandeirantes, 28-I-1967, Makino (1986), Barth (1989) e Roubik & Moreno E. Pereira s.n.* (HB44804); idem, Carapebus, (1991). Restinga de Carapebus, 20-XI-1987, D. Araújo & Pretende-se, com esse trabalho, acrescentar N.G. Maciel 3235 (GUA). Heteropterys fluminensis informações que auxiliem a taxonomia da família (Griseb.) W. Anderson - RIO DE JANEIRO: Restinga de Malpighiaceae, através do estudo palinológico de 17 Grumari, 28-IX-1989, D. Araújo 9071* (GUA); espécies subordinadas a oito gêneros ocorrentes nas Jacarepaguá, Represa do Camorim, 1-X-1958, restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. E. Pereira & D. Sucre 4394 (RB). Heteropterys Material e métodos rufula A. Juss. - RIO DE JANEIRO: Barra da Tijuca, Restinga de Itapeba, 30-II-1978, M.C. Vianna 233* O material botânico utilizado foi proveniente de (GUA); idem, Rio de Janeiro, Dunas de Jacarepaguá, botões florais bem desenvolvidos, retirados de exsicatas s.d., A. Castelhanos 24921 (GUA). Hiraea cuneata dos herbários: Herbarium Bradeanum (HB), do Museu Griseb. - RIO DE JANEIRO: Carapebus, Restinga de Nacional/UFRJ (R), Alberto Castelhanos/FEEMA Carapebus, 10-XII-1996, R. Moura et al. 28* (R). (GUA) e do Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Botânico Peixotoa hispidula A. Juss. - RIO DE JANEIRO: do Rio de Janeiro (RB). Carapebus, Restinga de Carapebus, 21-VI-1996, Foi estudado um total de 17 espécies, provenien- V.L.C. Martins 327 et al.* (R); Carapebus, próximo tes das restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. da Fazenda São Lázaro, 21-VI-1995, M.G. Santos Segue a relação do material estudado: et al. 359 (GUA); Macaé, Restinga de Carapebus, HOEHNEA p519a530 err.pmd 520 14/2/2008, 17:36 Gonçalves-Esteves et al.: Palinologia de espécies de Malpighiaceae nas restingas do Rio de Janeiro 521 16-III-1995, V. Esteves et al. 976 (R). Stigmaphyllon As lâminas com o material polínico encontram- arenicola C. Anderson - RIO DE JANEIRO: Angra dos se depositadas na Palinoteca do Laboratório de Reis, Ilha Grande, Reserva Biológica da Praia do Sul, Palinologia Álvaro Xavier Moreira do Departamento 20-XI-1987, D. Araújo et al. 7305* (GUA); Restinga de Botânica do Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro. de Jacarepaguá, Pedra de Itaúna, 24-IV-1973, E.F. Todas as medidas foram obtidas no prazo máximo Guimarães s.n. (RB166013); Restinga de de sete dias após a acetólise,
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