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8 JOMSA Stripe on the Ribbon Was Also Narrowed

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8 JOMSA Stripe on the Ribbon Was Also Narrowed between the arms of the cross. At the center of the cross (gold, silver and bronze). All awards shared the same is a gilt crown on blue enamel. A white enamel circle dark blue ribbon with a central black stripe. There was bordered in gilt surrounds the center of the cross. The no rosette for the Type 1, version 1, first class. The black enameled reverse bears the royal cipher on blue enamel stripe on the Type 1 ribbon was slightly wider at at its center. On the Medal of the Order, the royal cipher approximately 9mm, than the later type at 8ram. on the reverse is surmounted by a crown and surrounded by two palm branches. The planchet of the Type 1 (Figure 17) is in the form of a four-pointed modified silver Maltese cross with finial The ribbon for the Order is solid brownish red. There balls on each arm, suspended from a royal crown. are other ribbon variations related to war service (see Between the arms of the cross are silver laurel branches. below). The ribbon for the two palms and three medals The center is a black enameled shield framed in silver has white stripes added toward each side. In addition, superimposed on a blue enamel shield with a white the obverse of the medal has the inscription, TRAVAIL enamel central stripe also framed in silver. In the upper ET PROGRES around the top and ARBEID EN left hand corner of the blue shield is a small silver star. A VOORUITGANG around the bottom. A Decree of royal crown surmounts the blue shield. The blue enamel February 14, 1939 authorized crossed swords to be surround is framed in silver and inscribed: TRAVAIL ET displayed on the ribbon drape by veterans who received PROGRES The silver reverse (Figure 18) features the this Order. This applied to the Orders of Leopold I and royal cipher in its center. The medals of this Order Leopold II, as well. (Figures 19 and 20) are identical to the Order with the exception of the absence of enamel. The medal of the Order of Leopold II Order for Type 1 is extremely rare. The area surrounding the shields and separating the inscription is pebbled. In The Type 1, version 1 (1900-1903) and version 2 (1903- some fakes this area is quite smooth. 1908) of this Order were created specifically for award during the period of the monarch’s (Leopold II) private ownership of the Congo Free State, essentially 1900- 1908. A third version on a tri-fold ribbon, most likely of Austrian manufacture and an award to a member of the royal household, are also known to exist. The first version of the Type 1 may be distinguished by its smaller diameter center (13mm) and its total width 38mm and height 58ram. The second version of Type 1 has a slightly larger diameter center (17ram) and is wider (40.5mm) and longer (64mm). Only three Grand Crosses of the Type 1, version 1, are known to exist. Two are in a museum and one in a private collection. Not more than ten Grand Crosses of the second version are known to exist. One is in the Royal Army and Military History Museum at Jubilee Park in Brussels and was worn by Leopold II (Figure 13). This Order was originally awarded under a Decree of August 24, 1900, which appeared in the Official Bulletin of the EIC, in three classes (1) 1st class (gold), (2) 2nd class (silver) and three medals of the Order, which together were considered as a single class. For this reason, Figure 19: Gilt Medal of the Order of Leopold H commentators have referred to the original Order as being with the post-World War I ribbon. issued in three classes, (1) lstclass, (2) 2nd class and (3) a medal. In a Royal Decree of May 1, 1903, Type 1 of The design of the Order (central disk of the obverse) the Order was expanded to the following classes, (1) was modified in 1908 by replacing the shield with the Grand Cross, (2) Grand Officer, (3) Commander, (4) Belgian rampant lion on black enamel and changing the Officer, and (5) Knight, with three medals of the Order motto to, UNION FAIT LA FORCE. The central black 8 JOMSA stripe on the ribbon was also narrowed. It was then A Note on Belgian Heraldic Orders incorporated into the Belgian award system. Ribbons: The Belgian Orders with gold stripe(s) on their ribbons were instituted under Royal Decree of June 24, 1919, which stipulated a number of modifications to recognize civilians for their services during the World War I. If the Order was awarded for an act of exceptional bravery and the recipient was mentioned in the nation’s Order of the Day, gold thread edges and a gold star were added to the ribbon. If recognized for an act of bravery of a lesser degree, which didn’t warrant mention in the Order of the Day, the gold star was omitted. If recognized for distinguished services during hostilities, a central gold stripe was added to the ribbon. If recognized for highly distinguished services in war or welfare work, a silver star was added to the ribbon. In 1946 a decree was issued to extend these distinctions for similar acts or services during WWII. Collars: The Internet site of the Royal Army and Military History Museum in Brussels documents the existence of elaborate collars for the Royal Order of the Lion and the Royal Order of the African Star. The collars are nbt a separate class, but rather were worn for specific ceremonial purposes. Medals Figure 20: Silver Medal of the Order of Leopold H with the post-World War I ribbon. It is believed that prior to the April 1903 changes to the first version of Type 1 of the Order, only 12 second-class Orders and one medal of the Order were awarded. Leopold II made all of these awards to Frenchmen during the course of visits to the French Riviera in 1901 and 1902. The first award of the Order as a Belgian award was on December 22, 1908 to G. Vandeputte. Fakes of the otherwise rare and expensive Type 1 of this Order are known to exist. Some hints for potential collectors include making certain that the area around the shield on the obverse is pebbled and not smooth. Look at the silver borders around the inscription. On fakes they are generally irregular. Also, the inscription on fakes may be slightly blurred and more difficult to read. The two white bands on the black shield may not match. The small star on the blue enamel shield may appear irregular and the small crown surmounting the shields may likewise appear irregular. Finally, in some cases a Type 1 copy of the central portion of the obverse has replaced a Type 2 central portion and the size does not match that of the central portion of the reverse. The bottom line is a potential collector needs to be very wary. Figure 21: Medal of the Arab Campaign. Vol. 56, No. 2 9 Medal of the Arab Campaign A second variation is made of lighter bronze and Doubtlessly the most attractive, important and rarest suspended from a ribbon with much narrower yellow colonial campaign medal created in Belgium, this dark stripes. A third variation is copper bronze and bears the bronze medal was awarded to members of the Force inscription, LEOPOLD II, KING OF THE BELGIANS. Publique, in commemoration of the operations to expel Fakes exist. They are generally very dark in color and missing the intricate ribbon. Arab, Swahili and Nyamwezi slave and ivory traders from the territory of eastern Congo in a hard-fought Commemorative Medal of the Reign of Leopold II campaign between 1892 and 1894. Leopold II viewed these traders as threatening the available supply of Instituted on July 21, 1905, this circular gilt-bronze medal manpower necessary to reap the benefits of the highly was originally awarded to individuals, who performed lucrative rubber and ivory trade. Hostilities began when at least 20 years of loyal service between 1865 and 1905 the Arabs slaughtered a Belgian trade expedition in 1892. and met the conditions for award of the Civil Decoration The Arab influence ended with the conquest of Kasongo for Long Service in the Administration. The circular in eastern Congo by Belgian forces on April 29, 1894. obverse (Figure 22) contains a small cross patee inside a larger cross patee, the arms of which are connected by The 30mm obverse (Figure 21) features the effigy of laurel branches. In the central oval is an effigy of Leopold Leopold II, facing left, surrounded by a laurel wreath II facing left. The reverse reflects a similar cross design. and the inscription, LEOPOLD II ROI SOUVERAIN DE The central oval contains the annual dates 1865-1905. L’ETAT INDE DU CONGO. The reverse is inscribed in The planchet is surmounted by a fixed gilt, tied bow. the center with the dates, 1892-1894 and surrounded by the inscription, CAMPAGNE ARABE with two laurel In the early 1950’s, this same medal, with two different branches at the bottom. A laurel wreath in turn surrounds sets of reverse dates (1865-1909 and 1885-1909), was this. At least three variations are known to exist. The struck. The latter date (1885-1909) was solely for award ribbon has five yellow and six azure vertical stripes with to former military members of the colonial Force yellow edge stripes. Publique. Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns 1914-1917 Figure 22: Commemorative Medal of the Figure 23: Silver Commemorative Medal of the Reign of Leopold II.
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