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Buffalo Zoo Dichotomous Key Activity Field Guide

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Buffalo Zoo Dichotomous Key Activity Field Guide BUFFALO ZOO DICHOTOMOUS KEY ACTIVITY FIELD GUIDE • Activity I: Observable Characteristics Dichotomous Key • Activity II: Rainforest Consumers Dichotomous Key • Activity III: Natural Habitat Dichotomous Key • Activity IV: Animal Exhibit Self- Created Dichotomous Key Observable 5. Organize the 4 animals from the ANIMAL BOX into Box 1 and Characteristics Box 2 based on whether they possess the descriptor (write Dichotomous Key these animals in Box 1) or not Directions (write these animals in Box 2). Remember to ONLY use the 4 1. Choose 4 of the animals from the selected animals from the list below and write their names ANIMAL BOX! in the ANIMAL BOX at the top of 6. Continue your sort using the the Observable Characteristics animals from Box 1, only if 2-3 Dichotomous Key: axis deer, animals are in the box. If only 1 addax, Indian one-horned animal is present, that animal’s rhinoceros, peafowl, roan sort is complete. antelope and spotted hyena. 7. Choose any Property (it may OR 2. Organize the 4 selected animals may not be the same property as into a 2-3 tiered dichotomous the primary sort) that will key based on their observable separate your animals into 2 characteristics. Do not use color groups of 1 animal OR 2 groups, or size; the color of animals can one containing 2 animals and change with the seasons, and the other containing 1 animal in the size of an animal can change order to start your secondary as it grows from a baby to an sort. Write the Property in Line adult. D on the dichotomous key. 3. Begin by choosing a Property Remember, the animals are (ex. Head Adornment) that will being separated by observable separate your animals into 2 characteristics! groups of 2 animals OR 2 8. Describe the property by placing groups, one containing 1 animal a Descriptor in Line E and the and the other containing 3 opposite Descriptor in Line F animals in order to start your using the No/Not Format. primary sort. Write the Property in Line A on the dichotomous 9. Organize the 2 OR 3 animals key. from Box 1 into Box 3 and Box 4 based on whether they possess 4. Describe the property by placing the descriptor (Box 3) or not (Box a Descriptor in Line B (ex. Has 4) by writing the animals in the Antlers) and the opposite appropriate box. Remember to Descriptor in Line C using the ONLY use the animals listed in No/Not Format (ex. Does Not Box 1. Have Antlers). 10. Continue your sort using the Organize the animals into 2 animals from Box 2, only if 2-3 hand-drawn boxes based on the animals are in the box. If only 1 Descriptor. animal is present, that animal’s sort is complete. VARIA 11. Choose any Property (it may • Use the Buffalo Zoo map to locate the area of the zoo OR may not be the same needed for the the property as the primary sort) Observable Characteristics that will separate your animals into 2 groups of 1 animal OR 2 Dichotomous Key activity. groups, one containing 2 animals • The Vocabulary pages can be and the other containing 1 used as a companion piece to animal in order to continue your the Observable secondary sort. Write the Characteristics Dichotomous Property in Line G on the Key activity. dichotomous key. Remember, the animals are being separated by • If using the Dichotomous observable characteristics! Key Field Guide for this activity, the boxed 12. Describe the property by placing information will aid a Descriptor in Line H and the students in choosing opposite Descriptor in Line I Properties and Descriptors using the No/Not Format. for the Observable 13. Organize the 2 or 3 animals Characteristics from Box 2 into Box 5 and Box 6 Dichotomous Key activity. based on whether they possess • The Vocabulary sheet and the descriptor (Box 5) or not (Box Field Guide should be used if 6) by writing the animals in the the teacher deems them appropriate box. Remember to necessary, based on class ONLY use the animals listed in and individual student ability Box 2. levels. 14. If any of boxes 3-6 contain 2 animals, draw a tertiary sort under the appropriate secondary sort. Remember, the animals are being separated by observable characteristics! Do not forget to include the Property for the sort. Also, include the matching Descriptor using the No/Not format. Observable Characteristics Dichotomous Key Map-Go to the circled area on the map to complete this activity. Observable jumping and walking on soft ground Characteristics • Diurnal- active during the Dichotomous Key daytime Vocabulary • Feathers- the body covering of birds • Antlers- branched bone-like outgrowths of the head; found on • Fur- a body covering for many the heads of males in the deer mammals; it consists of 2 layers, family the guard hairs (used for protection and camouflage) and • Appendage- a body part the undercoat (provides warmth) attached to the torso • Hair- a body covering for some • Binocular Vision- having eyes mammals; consists of only 1 on the front of the head; allows layer; elephants, rhinos, humans animal to see with good depth and sea mammals possess this perception; predators usually have this type of vision • Harems- a group of animals where 1 male lives and mates • Bipedal- walks on 2 legs with many females • Camouflage- allows an animal to • Head Adornment- possessing blend into their surroundings body parts other than ears on the head (crests, antlers, horns, • Communal Dung Heaps- a etc.) specific place where members of a type of animal come to deficate • Hooves- the keratin sheath covering the toe of an Ungulate • Crepuscular- active at dawn and dusk • Horns- see True Horns below • Crest- display feathers found on • Landfowl- a group of birds that the top of the heads of some bird include domestic and game birds species • Nocturnal- active at night • Dew- the water found on plants at dawn; caused by transpiration • Nonretractable Claws- claws (water loss through the that are always fully extended, stomates/holes in plant leaves) unlike those of a cat • Dewclaws- a high toe on some • Paws- the foot of a mammal that mammals; in antelopes and deer, has claws or nails it can provide traction when • Prehensile Lip- a lip capable of finger-like grasping • Quadripedal- walks on 4 legs • Side Vision- having eyes on the sides of the head; allows animal to see on both sides of their body simultaneously; prey animals usually have this type of vision • True Horns- head adornment that consists of a keratin sheath surrounding a bony core; they are not shed • Tubercules- bumps/outgrowths on the skin of some mammals • Ungulate- hoofed mammal ADDAX Observable Characteristics (for use with Observable Characteristics Dichotomous Key I) • Head Adornment 2 spirally twisted o horns o True horns • Eye Placement o Side vision • Appendages o Hooves o Dewclaws present o Quadripedal • Body Covering o Fur o Scraggly beard on front neck o Short mane • Animal Classification: o Tufted tail o Antelope • Pattern o Ungulate o Brown/black patch • Habitat: on head o Sandy, stony regions of the Sahara Desert; Africa • Adaptations: o Crepuscular and nocturnal o Does not drink water often (desert dweller); gets water from dew and the plants on which it feeds o Coat color changes lighter in summer to reflect sunlight (heat absorption) • General Information: o Critically endangered AXIS DEER Observable Characteristics (for use with Observable Characteristics Dichotomous Key I) • Head Adornment o 2 antlers (males only) with 3 points • Eye Placement o Side vision • Appendages o Hooves o Dewclaws present o Quadripedal o Short non-tufted tail • Body Covering o Fur • Pattern o Spotted pattern on body o Dark stripe down middle of back • Animal Classification: o Deer • Habitat: o Grasslands and forests along rivers; Asia • Adaptations: o Diurnal o Spots are kept throughout lifetime; aid in camouflage o Males retreat to forest to shed antlers and grow a new pair o Good swimmers • General Information: o Not endangered INDIAN ONE-HORNED RHINOCEROS Observable Characteristics (for use with Observable Characteristics Dichotomous Key I) • Head Adornment o Single horn on nose o Not a true horn (made of compressed hair) o Prehensile lip • Eye Placement o Side vision • Appendages o Quadripedal o Tail has bristles on the end • Body Covering • Animal Classification: o Hair o Rhinoceros o Loosely folded skin • Habitat: that resembles armor o River plains, o Skin covered in swamp/forest adjacent tubercules to plains; Asia o Brush tipped tail • Adaptations: o Crepuscular, diurnal and nocturnal o Solitary o Have communal dung heaps o Poor sight o Excellent hearing o Excellent sense of smell o Good swimmer • General Information: o Critically endangered PEAFOWL Observable Characteristics • (for use with Observable Characteristics Dichotomous Key I) • Head Adornment o Brush-like feather crest o Beak • Eye Placement o Side vision • Appendages o Wings o Bipedal o Tail consists of tail feathers • Body Covering o Feathers • Pattern • Animal Classification: o Eyespot pattern on o Bird tail (on peacock prior o Landfowl- domestic bird to moltin g) • Habitat: o Open forest and bushland; Asia • Adaptations: o Diurnal o Live in harems o Roost in trees at night to avoid predators o Males grow brilliant tail feathers to attract a female; tail feathers are shed after mating season • General Information: o Male- peacock, female- peahen o Not endangered ROAN ANTELOPE Observable Characteristics (for use with Observable Characteristics Dichotomous Key I) • Head Adornment 2 scimitar-like horns o o True horns • Eye Placement o Side vision • Appendages o Hooves o Dewclaws present o Quadripedal o Tufted tail • Body Covering
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