The Evolution of Legal Aid Policy in British Columbia 1950-1976

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Evolution of Legal Aid Policy in British Columbia 1950-1976 THE EVOLUTION OF LEGAL AID POLICY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 1950-1976: A STRUCTURALIST ANALYSIS by Janie M. Cawley M.A., Simon Fraser University, 1975 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS Janie M. Cawley 1991 Simon Fraser University April 1991 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without: permission of the author. APPROVAL Name : Janie M. Cawley Degree : Doctor of Philosophy ~itleof Thesis: The Evolution of Legal Aid Policy in British Columbia 1950-1976: A Structuralist Analysis Examining Committee: B. P. Clayman, Chair ,I Simon N. verdunpnes; J1 S. D. SenioF7Supervisor . - Robert M( ... ~orqon,.--, Ph.D. Brian E. Burtch, Ph.D. ,. Delloyd atha~h.D. - - -- Jerbme Joseph Atrens, Professor Faculty of Law University of British ~olumbia External Examiner Date Approved: / PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay The Evolution of Legal Aid Policy in British Columbia 1950 - 1976: A Stmctumlist Analysis Author: .- "-, - .-- @&ire) Janie M. Cawley (name) ABSTRACT This dissertation applies a modified structuralist analysis, as developed by Gough, to the evolution of legal aid policy in British Columbia in the period 1950 to 1976. This analysis is combined with a detailed consideration of the viability of an interest group interpretation of legal aid reform. Structuralist interpretations focus on the limits imposed on reform by prevailing ideology and the constant need of capital to accumulate. Interest group analysis focuses on the interaction of various elements of the policy community in their quest to expand or limit legal aid reform. Sources consulted include private papers, public archives, interviews with persons involved in legal aid development, newspapers, and secondary works. Legal aid in British Columbia was initiated by the organized Bar as a means to increased legitimacy; the Bar's primary goal was to enhance the image of the profession through improved public relations. Its demands on government, however, were shaped by its anti-interventionist ideology grounded in fear of government control of the Bar. The Government was moved to take action in the area of legal aid reform by its need for increased legitimacy. The Social Credit Government, intent upon maintaining conditions favourable to capital accumulation, took only incremental action in the area of legal aid. The Government was thus content to leave the provision of legal aid to the legal profession, with the attendant costs borne in large part by other agencies. iii The election of an NDP government in 1973 brought a shift in ideological orientation and initiative for legal aid reform shifted from the Bar to the Government. The pace and direction of reform were, however, blunted by the reluctance of the Bar to engage in anything other than traditional legal aid activities. In 1975, deteriorating economic conditions and a change of government brought legal aid reform to a halt, but not before the State had consolidated its control over all aspects of legal aid in British Columbia through the creation of the Legal Services Commission. The NDP wished to control the development of legal aid reform to circumvent the objections of the Bar and hasten social reform. DEDICATION In Memory of My Father C.H.R. Cawley and In Appreciation of My Mother J.M. Cawley Acknowledgements There are many people who helped me throughout the long course of this dissertation. I would like to thank Paul and Pat Brantingham for introducing me to the topic, and my Senior Supervisor, Dr. Simon Verdun-Jones, for seeing it through to completion. I am also grateful to the members of my committee, Dr. Rob Gordon, Dr. Brian Burtch and Professor Deloyt Guth, for their comments and criticisms of this ever evolving dissertation. Special thanks are due to the staffs of the Simon Fraser University Library and of the Legal Services Society Library; and to Diane Matters of the Provincial Archives and Robin Kierstead of the Court House Archives for the assistance they gave me in obtaining the materials necessary for the preparation of this work. Special thanks are owed to Philip Amos for his editorial skills and patience; to Jean Poole and Stacy Slade for their typing assistance; to my daughter Tonie for her numerous bibliography searches; to Aileen Sams for seeing me through a decade of deadlines; to Mary Lee Stephenson for her constant optimism; and to members of the 3 AM production crew, Laurie Henderson and Jeannie McIntosh, for both persistence and endurance. I would like to thank Diane and my family for their patience, support and faith that it would get done. I would like to make special mention of Natasha and a host of others who are glad it is over. TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval ............................... ii Abstract ...............................iii Dedication .............................. v Acknowledgments ........................... vi Table of Contents ......................... vii List of Tables .......................... xii List of Abbreviations ....................... xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION: LEGAL AID REFORM AND THE WELFARESTATE .................... 1 CHAPTER 11: LEGAL AID IN CANADA: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT ....................... 11 A . An Overview ........................ 11 1. Legal Aid Development in England .............. 12 2 . LegalAidintheUnitedStates ............... 17 B . The Historical Context: The Emergence of Legal AidinCanada1922-1969 .................. 21 1. The Advent of the Welfare State .............. 28 2 . Legal Aid in the Welfare State .............. 32 C . Involvement of the Federal Government ............ 55 D . Conclusion ........................ 76 CHAPTER 111: THEORETICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE LEGALAIDREFORM ................... 90 A . An Overview ........................ 90 1. Social Reform .. Needs Studies .............. 92 2. Comparative Studies ...................102 3 . Interest GroupTheory .................. 118 vii a. The Pluralist Base of Reform Analysis .......... 130 b . Neo-Marxist Interpretations of Reform ..........139 c . A Modified Structuralist Interpretation of Reform .... 146 4. Structuralist Interpretations of Legal Aid Reform ... 161 B . A Modified Structuralist Model for Analysis of Legal Aid Reform ....................... 177 CHAPTER IV: LEGAL AID IN BC 1934-1969: DISCOUNT LEGITIMACY ..... 193 A . An Overview ....................... 193 B . Legal Aid Provisions 1934-1965 ............... 197 C . The Introduction of Poverty Law .............. 221 D . FormationoftheLegalAidSociety ............. 230 E . Conclusion . ...................... 249 CHAPTER V: LEGAL AID IN BC 1970-1972: A BREEZE OF SOCIAL UPHEAVAL 1970-72 .............. 262 A . An Overview ....................... 262 B . Crisis of Legitimacy .................... 264 C . Administrative Consolidation of the Legal Aid Society ... 270 1 . Funding ....................... 272 D . Expansion of Coverage ................... 280 1. Duty Counsel ...................... 281 2 . Juvenile Matters .................... 284 a . Divorce ....................... 286 E . Civil Legal Aid and the Community Law Office Approach ... 291 F . Initiative for Reform ................... 298 G . Impact of Federal-Provincial Negotiations ......... 310 viii 13 . Conclusion ....................... 312 CHAPTER VI: LEGAL AID IN BC 1972-75: KEEPING THE CAMEL'S HEADOUTOFTHETENT ................ 324 A . An Overview ....................... 324 1 . The NDP ....................... 325 a . The Justice Development Commission .......... 328 2 . Federal/Provincial Cost-Sharing ............ 330 B . Catalyst to Crisis: Reformunder the NDP .......... 332 C . Change of Government and the Provision of Legal Aid .... 337 1 . Regional Offices .................... 338 2 . Creation of a Civil Tariff and Increase of the Criminal Tariff .................. 341 3 . Dutycounsel ...................... 343 D . The Government Takes the Initiative ............ 346 1 . Other Programs ..................... 347 2 . Provincial Government Funds for VCLAS ......... 348 3 . Regional Office Expansion ............... 349 4. Expansion of the Court Worker Program ......... 351 5 . Funding ....................... 354 E . Expansion of Coverage of Summary Conviction Matters: A Joint Endeavour ............... 356 F . The Leask Report ...................... 361 G . Criticism of the Leask Report ............... 366 H . TheLegal Services CommissionAct ............. 375 1. The Legal Services Commission .............. 379 I . RenegotiatingtheFPA ................... 382 J . NDP and Restraint ..................... 384 K . CLOts v . Judicare ..................... 388 L . Conclusion ....................... 394 CHAPTER VII: IMPLICATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ... 412 A . An Overview ....................... 412 B . Contributions to the Legal Aid
Recommended publications
  • New NDP Vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Tom Langford
    Labour / Le Travail ISSUE 85 (2020) ISSN: 1911-4842 REVIEW ESSAY / NOTE CRITIQUE New NDP vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Tom Langford David McGrane, The New NDP: Moderation, Modernization, and Political Marketing (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2019) Roberta Lexier, Stephanie Bangarth & Jon Weier, eds., Party of Conscience: The CCF, the NDP, and Social Democracy in Canada (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2018) Did you know that after Jack Layton took over as its leader in 2003, the federal New Democratic Party became as committed to the generation and dissemination of opposition research, or “oppo research,” as its major rivals in the federal party system? Indeed, the ndp takes the prize for being “the first federal party to set up stand alone websites specifically to attack opponents, now a common practice.”1 The ndp’s continuing embrace of “oppo research” as a means of challenging the credibility of its political rivals was on display during the final days of the 2019 federal election campaign. Facing a strong challenge from Green Party candidates in ridings in the southern part of Vancouver Island, the ndp circulated a flyer that attacked the Green Party for purportedly sharing “many Conservative values,” including being willing to “cut services [that] families need” and to fall short of “always defend[ing] the right to access a safe abortion.” Needless to say, the ndp’s claims were based on a very slanted interpretation of the evidence pulled together by its researchers 1. David McGrane, The New ndp: Moderation, Modernization, and Political Marketing (Vancouver: ubc Press, 2019), 98.
    [Show full text]
  • The Waffle, the New Democratic Party, and Canada's New Left During the Long Sixties
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-13-2019 1:00 PM 'To Waffleo t the Left:' The Waffle, the New Democratic Party, and Canada's New Left during the Long Sixties David G. Blocker The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Fleming, Keith The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © David G. Blocker 2019 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons Recommended Citation Blocker, David G., "'To Waffleo t the Left:' The Waffle, the New Democratic Party, and Canada's New Left during the Long Sixties" (2019). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 6554. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6554 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Abstract The Sixties were time of conflict and change in Canada and beyond. Radical social movements and countercultures challenged the conservatism of the preceding decade, rejected traditional forms of politics, and demanded an alternative based on the principles of social justice, individual freedom and an end to oppression on all fronts. Yet in Canada a unique political movement emerged which embraced these principles but proposed that New Left social movements – the student and anti-war movements, the women’s liberation movement and Canadian nationalists – could bring about radical political change not only through street protests and sit-ins, but also through participation in electoral politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Archived Content Contenu Archivé
    ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. I ea Programs Branch User Report 1 The Rise and Fall of Justice Councils in British Columbia No. 1986-9 _...4 IOEB 532 C6 y of the Solicitor General of Canada 1986 c.2 Secretariat 8 5-3 2 C G 11n C' 2 I Copeght of this %per authorizationdocument any intended use must does not belong to the Crown.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the CCF/NDP
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2008 The communicative ecology of social democracy: The case of the CCF/NDP Michael Classens University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Classens, Michael, "The communicative ecology of social democracy: The case of the CCF/NDP" (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 8199. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/8199 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. THE COMMUNICATIVE ECOLOGY OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY: THE CASE OF THE CCF/NDP by Michael Classens A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies Through the Department of Communication Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the
    [Show full text]
  • Who Supports Who in NDP Leadership Race: 2012
    THE HILL TIMES, MONDAY, MARCH 19, 2012 WHO SUPPORTS WHO IN NDP LEADERSHIP RACE: 2012 NDP MP Thomas Mulcair (Outremont, Que.) NDP MP Paul Dewar (Ottawa Centre, Ont.) • Richard Allan, former Ontario MPP • Wayne Hanley, president of • Randy Nelson, Former • Nancy Allan, MB MLA and • First Nations leader and a former • Darlene Dziewit MLA and minister of Housing • Paul Loewenberg former • Kevin Rebeck, president • Vic Althouse, former MP UFCW Canada Saskatchewan MLA Minister of Education; NDP candidate, Tania Cameron • Richard Eberhardt, president and Community Development Ontario NDP candidate of the Manitoba Federation • Iain Angus, former Ontario MP • Mike Harcourt, former British • NDP MP Jamie Nicholls • NDP MP Charlie Angus • Lewis Cardinal of the Sudbury NDP • Jef Keighley, executive • NDP MP Hoang Mai of Labour • NDP MP Robert Aubin, Columbia premier (Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Que.) (Timmins-James Bay, Ont.) • Michael Cassidy, former • Mable Elmore, B.C. MLA director, World Peace Forum (Brossard-La Prairie, Que.) • Erin Selby, Manitoba MLA and (Trois-Rivières, Que.) • Ron Harper, former • NDP MP José Nunez-Mélo • Maher Arar leader of the Ontario NDP (Vancouver-Kensington) 2006, CAW Canada National • Rosario Marchese, Ontario Minister of Advanced Education • NDP MP Paulina Ayala Saskatchewan minister of (Laval, Que.) • Amir Attaran, Canada • Paul Champ, prominent • NDP MP Linda Duncan Union Representative (Ret.) MPP for Trinity-Spadina • John Sewell, former mayor (Honoré-Mercier, Que.) Corrections & Public Safety • St. John’s city councillor Research Chair in Law, human rights lawyer (Edmonton-Strathcona, Alta.) • Roger Kishi, Village • Former NDP MP Tony Martin of Toronto • Reg Basken, former president of • NDP MP Dan Harris Sheilagh O’Leary Population Health and Global • Kevin Chief, Manitoba Minister of • Dave Gaudreau, MB MLA Councillor in Cumberland, B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • New NDP Vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Labour / Le Travail, 85, 269–283
    Document generated on 09/28/2021 9:01 a.m. Labour Journal of Canadian Labour Studies Le Travail Revue d’Études Ouvrières Canadiennes New NDP vs. Classic NDP Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Tom Langford Volume 85, Spring 2020 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1070911ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/llt.2020.0010 See table of contents Publisher(s) Canadian Committee on Labour History ISSN 0700-3862 (print) 1911-4842 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Langford, T. (2020). New NDP vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Labour / Le Travail, 85, 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1353/llt.2020.0010 All Rights Reserved ©, 2020 Canadian Committee on Labour History This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Labour / Le Travail ISSUE 85 (2020) ISSN: 1911-4842 REVIEW ESSAY / NOTE CRITIQUE New NDP vs. Classic NDP: Is a Synthesis Possible, and Does It Matter? Tom Langford David McGrane, The New NDP: Moderation, Modernization, and Political Marketing (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2019) Roberta Lexier, Stephanie Bangarth & Jon Weier, eds., Party of Conscience: The CCF, the
    [Show full text]
  • K:\CASC\Public Services\FA Finalized\Political and Social Heritage Division\2000\FA2094\Current-Kim Campbel-15-04-09.Wpd
    Manuscript Division des Division manuscrits RT. HON. KIM CAMPBELL MG 26 S 1 Finding Aid No. 2094 / Instrument de recherche no 2094 Prepared in 1998, revised in 1999 by Grace Préparé en 1998, révisé en 1999 par Grace Hyam of the Political Section, and compiled Hyam de la Section politique, et compilé en in 2008 by Muguette Brady. 2008 par Muguette Brady. -ii- TABLE OF CONTENT EARLY CAREER SERIES: MG 26 S 1 ..........................................1 Youth.................................................................1 Legal & Early Public Career...............................................2 Executive Director, Office of Premier Bennett.................................2 Social Credit Leadership Campaign .........................................3 Provincial Election Campaign..............................................4 MLA Coded Subject Files.................................................4 Correspondence - Abortion ...............................................11 Correspondence - Provincial Ministries .....................................11 Other Correspondence & Subject Files ......................................12 Member of Parliament...................................................14 INDIAN AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT SERIES ..................15 Indian Affairs and Northern Development - Invitations Sub-series: MG 26 S 2-1 ................................15 Indian Affairs and Northern Development - Subject Files Sub-series: MG 26 S 2-2 ..............................17 JUSTICE SERIES ...........................................................23
    [Show full text]
  • Anniversary Gala Reception
    RANNIVERSARYE D GALAR E RECEPTIONS S Celebrating 30 Years! Thursday, November 8, 2018 TIFF Bell Lightbox The Greater Toronto Chapter of the NAJC www.torontonajc.ca EVENT PROGRAM TIMELINE 6:00 - 6:45 PM PRE-RECEPTION Special Guests (Who Stood With Us) Sponsors Toronto NAJC & National NAJC Board Members Gala Committee Members 6:45 PM DOORS OPEN Silent Auction & Nikkei Books Open *See inside back cover for details 7:00 PM OFFICIAL EVENT START Photo Booth Opens *See inside back cover for details 7:15 PM WELCOME REMARKS 10 minutes Introduction of Special Guests & Gala Committee 7:25 PM JAZZ TRIO – FIRST SET Waleed Abdulhamid, John Ebata & friend 8:10 PM MUSICAL CUE to assemble for Speaker Presentation Hint: Famous Beatles Song 8:15 PM SPEAKERS & PRESENTATION TO SPONSORS 40 minutes Justice Maryka Omatsu & Mr. Art Miki Video - Swimming Upstream, Injustice Revealed Raymond & Sachi Moriyama - Bruce Kuwabara 8:55 PM JAZZ TRIO – SECOND SET Waleed Abdulhamid, John Ebata & friend 9:40 PM MUSICAL CUE to assemble for Speaker Presentation Buffy Sainte-Marie Spirit of the Wind (You Gotta Run) 9:45 PM SILENT AUCTIONS CLOSE 9:45 PM THE VIEW FROM BEYOND THREE GENERATIONS 20 minutes Mark Sakamoto Robert-Falcon Ouellette MP, Winnipeg Centre (tentative) Final Announcements 10:15 PM SILENT AUCTION RESULTS POSTED Item Pick-up *See inside back cover for details Courtesy Seating Areas have been designated for seniors and those with disabilities. Please give up a seat if needed. The Kobayashi Family table is designated as a courtesy seating area. INDEX 2 Board President
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Full PDF
    Job Name:2176678 Date:15-03-06 PDF Page:2176678pbc.p1.pdf Color: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black CANADA AT THE POLLS CANADA AT THE POLLS The General Election of 1974 Edited by Howard R. Penniman American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Washington, D. C. Distributed to the Trade by National Book Network, 152.00 NBN Way, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 172.14. To order call toll free 1-800-462.-642.0 or 1-717-794-3800. For all other inquiries please contact the AEI Press, 1150 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 2.0036 or call 1-800-862.-5801. ISBN 0-8447-3178-1 Foreign Affairs Study 24, October 1975 Second printing, January 1978 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 75-24771 © 1975 by American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D. C. Permission to quote from or reproduce materials in this publication is granted when due acknowledgment is made. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS PREFACE 1 THE PARTY SYSTEM AND THE 1974 ELECTION John Meisel 1 Fixed Constraints on the Party System 1 Political Constraints on the Party System 4 The Nature of the Party System 11 Evaluation of the Party System 20 Consequences of the 1974 Election 25 2 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 197·4 FEDERAL ELECTION IN CANADA William P. Irvine 29 Minority Government in Canada: The 1972 Parliament 32 The 1974 Election 39 3 PIERRE TRUDEAU AND THE LIBERAL PARTY: THE JOCKEY AND THE HORSE Stephen Clarkson 57 Prime Ministerial Imprints 58 Electoral Foundation for Liberal Dominance 61 Social and Organizational Foundations of the Liberal Party 67
    [Show full text]
  • Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Part¡Al Fulfillment of the Requ¡Rements for the Degree Of
    The Foreign Policy Of The New Democratic Party, 1 961- 1 988 By Lloyd Penner A thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Part¡al Fulfillment of the requ¡rements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Depaftment of History University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba (c) copyr¡ght Lloyd Penner, 1994 TEE FOREIGN POLICY OF TEE NEf¿ DEHOCRATIC PÁRTY, 196I-1988 BY LLOYD PENNER A Thesis subqritted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PSILOSOPE]T @ 1994 Pernission has been granted to the LIBR.{RY OF TIIE UMVF:R SITY OF M.A.NTIOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis, to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF C.ANADA to mic¡ofilm this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, a¡d UNTVtrSITY MIG.OFILMS to publish en abshact of this thesis. The author ¡ese¡ves other publications rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extrâcts from it may be printed or othe¡wise reproduced witlt.out the åuthols permission. CHAPTER ELEVEN THE NDP AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A MIXED RECORD (1975-80) Human rights is the ultimate internationalist issue. lf one accepts the notion that people everywhere have certain basic rights, all barriers, including nat¡onal ones, are transcended. Each person must be viewed as possessing a common world citizenship with rights guaranteed by the international commun¡ty. Not surprisingly, therefore, the internationalists who founded the un¡ted Nations adopted a universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.704 This was followed over the years by convent¡ons, protocols and a permanent commission to promote respect for human rights.Tos Despite Canada's support for these UN actions, for several reasons human rights did not beg¡n to play a s¡gnificant role in Canadian foreign policy unt¡l the mid- Seventies.
    [Show full text]
  • 3/4" Video, 1990, NNBY, Colour, Sound, 37 Min. 30 Sec. This Video Features
    NEDAA - AIDS (_,- 3/4" video, 1990, NNBY, colour, sound, 37 min. 30 sec. \ This video features two productions with the common theme of AIDS. The first production features AIDS in the Yukon; health officials and common people are interviewed about AIDS in the Yukon, Yukon AIDS statistics and education are also covered. The second production features a biography and autobiography of Inuit Keica Larkin who is an HIV patient. Kecia speaks to people in various places in Whitehorse about her experiences in life which led her to acquire the HI virus, she offers advice to others based on her own experiences. Archives has one 3/4" video master designated for storage and one 1/2" VHS viewing copy. VHS and Beta circulating copies are available at the A/V Unit. Subject headings: Health Larkin, Keica Video number: V-247 (' I ( Catalogue Number: V- '2.t f ;--- ( DETAILED LISTING SHEET Program title: AIDS Time/Footage Description Format (Colour/ bwjmag/opt/sil) 0:00 Beginning of show about colour,sound AIDS; interviewing people on the street in Whitehorse about what they know about AIDS 0:34 Statistics on AIDS in Canada 1:17 YTG AIDS Co-Ordinator, Lisa Tremblay explains to kids the known ways to get AIDS 2:54 Examination of the HI virus -drawings of cells 4:30 Lisa Tremblay explains to the kids; that you can't tell who is HIV positive just from looks, what are the progressive symptoms of AIDS, where the HI virus is highly concentrated, how you do and don't get AIDS 8:34 Federal Health Co-Ordinator Fran Barry talks about a survey of young adults, what
    [Show full text]