ANNUAL REPORT 2006 Chief Editor David A. Sack ([email protected]) Managing Editor M. Shamsul Islam Khan ([email protected]) Editors M.A. Rahim M. Shamsul Islam Khan Peter Thorpe Coordination Peter Thorpe Henry Richards Cover Design, Page layout, Scanning and Prepress Processing Asem Ansari Photographs Asem Ansari Fakrul Alam Rabiul Hasan Secretarial Assistance Hamida Akhter MM Hassan Printed at Print Link Printers © 2007 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) June 2007 ISBN 978 984 551 288 6 Publisher International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Phone: (880-2) 8860523-32 and 882 2467 (Direct) Fax: (880-2) 881 9133 and 882 3116 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.icddrb.org ICDDR,B publishes a quarterly journal (Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition), a quarterly English newsletter (Glimpse), a 4-monthly health magazine (Shasthya Sanglap in Bangla), and three bulletins (bilingual quarterly Health and Science Bulletin, bilingual SUZY News, and Equity Dialogue in English). PREFACE This twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Centre documents many aspects of the activities during 2006, including research, support for research, health services, training, dissemina- tion, and administration. Important findings of studies have been presented under the eight research programmes of the Centre. Six separate chapters on six Divisions present infrastruc- tural information, along with the routine activities of each Division. Scientific papers, abstracts, and other documents produced and published by the Centre staff are also listed in the report. Much of the research included here was initiated in previous years and hence documented in earlier reports. Studies that were completed during 2006 present the final results. Some of the studies initiated earlier are still ongoing, and hence preliminary findings from these studies are reported here. If you have any comments on this report or would like to have more information about the Centre or the work described here, please write to: Executive Director, ICDDR,B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh or [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Board of Trustees Executive Director’s Report 9 Research Programmes Child Health 14 What does the Programme do? 15 Child development 16 Story of Nayem 16 Story of Arif 16 Reproductive Health 18 What does the Programme do? 19 Trends and causes of pregnancy-related mortality 19 Pattern of gestational weight gain and birth-weight 20 Saving Sheema from obstructed labour: a case story 20 Moving from research to action: MotherNewBorNet 21 Nutrition 22 What does the Programme do? 23 Impact of 2004 floods on the nutritional status of children 23 Mainstreaming Nutrition Initiative 24 Global nutrition review and the Lancet nutrition series 25 Management of severe malnutrition 27 Vitamin A status during pregnancy 28 Non-communicable diseases among adults born during famine 28 Training and teaching 29 Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Sciences 30 What does the Programme do? 31 ICDDR,B research on rotavirus 31 Burden of rotavirus-associated diseases in Bangladesh 31 Characterization of rotavirus strains in Bangladesh 32 Rotavirus vaccine studies in Bangladesh 32 Health and Family Planning Systems 34 What does the Programme do? 35 Renewed tuberculosis control agenda 35 Launching of Baby Zinc in Bangladesh 37 Population Sciences 40 What does the Programme do? 41 Population challenges for Bangladesh in the coming decades 41 Infant mortality among twins and triplets 42 Father’s migration and children’s education 42 Maternal health indicators obtained by geographical reconnaissance 42 Risk factors of non-communicable diseases: findings from WHO STEP Survey 43 Life-cycle stories from Matlab-HDSS 43 Poverty and Health 48 What does the Programme do? 49 Research 49 Capacity-building and dissemination 49 Pre-paid vouchers and safe motherhood services 50 Pro-poor monitoring of the use of health, nutrition and population services 52 HIV/AIDS 54 What does the Programme do? 55 Strategic information on the HIV epidemic 55 Barriers to condom use 57 Quotes from Professor David Sack 59-61 Divisions Clinical Sciences Division 62 What does the Division do? 63 Dhaka Hospital activities 63 Franchising of ICDDR,B hospital services 65 Mother and Child Health Services 66 Breastfeeding counselling 67 Special Procedure Clinic 68 Nursing programme 68 Infection control activities 68 Medical audit of Dhaka Hospital 69 Physiology Laboratory 69 Nandipara Clinic 70 Hospital surveillance for diarrhoea 70 Biophysics Laboratory 70 Child Development Unit 70 Ongoing protocols 71 Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Division 74 What does the Division do? 75 Surveillance and Data Resources Unit 76 Health Systems and Economics Unit 78 Infectious Diseases Unit 79 Family Health Research Project 80 Scaling Up Zinc for Young Children (SUZY) Project 81 Ongoing protocols 83 Laboratory Sciences Division 84 What does the Division do? 85 Enteric Microbiology Laboratory 86 Immunology Laboratory 86 Acute Respiratory Infection Laboratory 86 RTI/STI Laboratory 86 Molecular Genetics Laboratory 87 Environmental Microbiology Laboratory 87 Parasitology Laboratory 88 Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory 88 Tuberculosis Laboratory 88 Virology Laboratory 89 Clinical Laboratory Services 89 Animal Resources Branch 92 Media and Lyophilization 93 Biomedical Engineering Unit 93 Ongoing protocols 94 Public Health Sciences Division 96 What does the Division do? 97 Matlab Health Research Centre 98 Health and Demographic Surveillance Unit 101 Social and Behavioural Sciences Unit 103 Reproductive Health Unit 104 Child Health Unit 107 Special Projects for diarrhoeal diseases (former ECPU) 108 Ongoing protocols 109 Information Sciences Division 112 What does the Division do? 113 Structural renovations for improved service and security 113 Digitization for conservation and dissemination 114 Technical Training Unit 114 Publications Unit 116 Library and Information Services Unit 117 Audiovisuals Unit 118 Computer Information Services Unit 118 Executive Director’s Division 122 What does the Division do? 123 Human Resources 123 Finance Department 124 Auditors’ Report 126 External Relations and Institutional Development Department 129 Visitors in 2006 131 Communications Unit 132 General Counsel’s Office 133 Research and Project Support Department 134 Committees 135 Staff Welfare Association 136 Institutional Collaborations 137 ICDDR,B Publications 2006 140 VISION All people, especially the poor, can become healthier and can reach their full potential through the application of new knowledge MISSION To develop and promote realistic solutions to the major health, population and nutrition problems facing the poor people of Bangladesh and other settings GUIDINGVALUES l excellence in research, training and service l high ethical standards l gender equality l responsive to change l promote partnerships l prioritize the needs of the poor and vulnerable l promote equity and diversity l transparency and accountability l effective use and development of resources l fiscal prudence BOARD OF TRUSTEES 2006 Chairperson Professor Terence H. Hull, Australia Member-Secretary Professor David A. Sack Executive Director, ICDDR,B Members Dr. Timothy G. Evans, WHO Mr. Kul Gautam, UNICEF Dr. A.Z.M. Zahid Hossain, Bangladesh Dr. Nobukatsu Ishikawa, Japan Mr. Rafiqul Islam, Bangladesh Datuk Dr. Raj Bte. Abdul Karim, Malaysia Mr. A.K.M. Zafar Ullah Khan, Bangladesh Dr. Mary Ann D. Lansang, The Philippines Dr. Claudio Franco Lanata, Peru Dr. Halima Abdullah Mwenesi, South Africa Dr. José Ignacio Santos Preciado, México Dr. Suttilak Smitasiri, Thailand Dr. Marcel Tanner, Switzerland Dr. Peter Tugwell, Canada Dr. I. Kaye Wachsmuth, USA Development Partners Board of Trustees Group Executive Director Deputy Mandatory Committees Executive Director Clinical Health Laboratory Public Information Executive Sciences Systems Sciences Health Sciences Director’s Division and Division Sciences Division Division Infectious Division Diseases Division EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT Executive Director David A. Sack Over the last decades, the Centre has successfully use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) is one example transitioned from a research laboratory, highly focused of such a knowledge package that required the input on cholera, to a full-fledged comprehensive health of basic scientists, clinical scientists, epidemiologists, centre for research, service, and training. Furthermore, policy-makers, and operations research projects to the Centre has shown how an institution with vision, develop initiatives that could be used all over the world. purpose, and principles can thrive through changes in The discovery of the benefits of zinc is another such governments, donor priorities, and senior staff. In short, knowledge package that is now being implemented in it has matured into a world-class institution. Clearly, the Bangladesh through the SUZY project (Scaling Up Zinc Centre is not in the business of acquiring knowledge just for Young Children). to publish papers, but rather to develop the knowledge that will be useful and practical. This is one international health organization that is based in Dhaka—not in Geneva, London or Washington DC—due to the simple fact that this is where the problems are. This is where health problems can best be understood in all their complexities. This is where science and programmes meet the real world, and this is where programmes are