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Home , Crustacean, Symphyla, Tick, Xiphosura

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Introduction to Groups

What is Entomology?

The study of (and their near relatives).

Species Diversity

PLANTS INSECTS

OTHER

OTHER

1 How Many Kinds Insects are there in the world?

• 1,000,000 known

z Possibly 3,000,000 unidentified species

Insects & Relatives

z 100,000 species in N America z 1,000 in a typical backyard z Mostly beneficial or harmless z Pollination z Food for and z Produce honey, wax, shellac, silk z Less than 3% are pests z Destroy food crops, ornamentals z Attack humans and z Transmit disease

Classification of Japanese Beetle

z Kingdom Animalia z Phylum Arthropoda z Class Insecta z Order Coleoptera z Family Scarabaeidae z Genus Popillia z Species japonica

2 Arthropoda (jointed foot)

z Arachnida -, Ticks, , z -Horseshoe z Crustacea -Sowbugs, Pillbugs, Crabs, z Diplopoda - z Chilopoda - z - Symphylans z Insecta - Insects

Shared Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda

- Segmented bodies are arranged into regions, called tagmata (in insects = , , ). - Paired (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed. - Posess chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed during growth. - Have bilateral symmetry. - is ventral (belly) and the is open and dorsal (back).

Arthropod Groups

Mouthpart characteristics are divided arthropods into two large groups •Chelicerates (Scissors-like)

•Mandibulates (Pliers-like)

3 Arthropod Groups

Chelicerate z Arachnida -Spiders, Ticks, Mites, Scorpions z Xiphosura -Horseshoe crabs Mandibulate z Crustacea -Sowbugs, Pillbugs, Crabs, Shrimp z Diplopoda - Millipedes z Chilopoda - Centipedes z Symphyla - Symphylans z Insecta - Insects

Chelicerate Arthropod Characteristics

ƒ Scissors or Pincher-like mouthparts - - and ƒ NO antennae ƒ Two body regions ƒ usually - & abdomen ƒ Four pairs of legs ƒ Horseshoe crabs and (extant) ƒ Trilobytes, and (extinct)

Scorpion

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Scorpion Head

chelicerae

Orders of Arachnids

Scorpionida - scorpions Pseudoscorpionida - false scorpions Phalangida - daddy-long-legs or harvestmen - mites & ticks Araneida - spiders

5 Orders of Arachnids

Pseudoscorpion

Mite and Tick Body Regions

6 Common ticks

American tick male -Vectors Rocky mountain spotted fever

Blacklegged (deer) tick female - Vectors

American dog tick female laying mass (1000-2000 !).

Mites

Clover mites

Twospotted mites

Velvet Predatory mite

7 Phalangids (daddy-long-legs)

cephalothorax abdomen

Spider Anatomy

Jumping Spider Abdomen

Cephalothorax

Chelicera (fang)

Pedipalp

8 spider with egg case Spitting spider

Orbweaving spider Tarantula

Dangerous Spiders

Black widow with egg case

Brown recluse (fiddleback)

Mandibulate Arthropod Characters:

• Mouthparts are mandibles - normally chewing sideways • One or two pairs of antennae • Various body region arrangements - cephalothorax & abdomen / head & trunk / head, thorax & abdomen • Variable leg numbers • Insects, & myriapods

9 cephalothorax ()

Sowbug (), a terrestrial

Myriapods (3-closely related classes)

[one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs]

Diplopod ()

Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body.

Chilopod ()

Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body.

Symphyla (Symphyla)[garden centipede] No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.

Millipede (Diplopoda)

Centipede (Chilopoda)

Garden centipede (Symphyla)

10 Classes of Crustacea

•mostly marine, , a few terrestrial •two pair of antennae, five or more pairs of legs, segmented abdominal appendages, head & trunk or cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement, have gills Isopoda - sowbugs or pillbugs - sand , amphipods Cirripedia - barnicles Decapoda - crabs, , shrimp several other minor orders

Crustaceans

Crayfish cephalothorax (Decapoda)

Sowbug (Isopoda), a terrestrial crustacean

Insects

Head Thorax Abdomen

11 Acknowledgments

z This presentation was adapted from photographs and slides prepared by Dr. David Shetlar of The Ohio State University

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