DOCSLIB.ORG

Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Teeth in a Malaysian Subpopulation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Teeth in a Malaysian Subpopulation Pan et al. BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0710-z RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Root canal morphology of permanent teeth in a Malaysian subpopulation using cone- beam computed tomography Julia Yen Yee Pan1, Abhishek Parolia2,5*, Siong Ren Chuah1, Shekhar Bhatia2, Sunil Mutalik3 and Allan Pau4 Abstract Background: To determine the root canal morphology of human permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth in a Malaysian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 208 CBCT images were examined retrospectively. Prevalence of an extra root/canal and internal morphology based on Vertucci’s classification were observed in human maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth. Variations in the external and internal morphology were compared in relation to gender and tooth side (left vs right) using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests with significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: In the maxillary arch, the prevalence of three canals were observed in 0.3% of first premolars and two canals in 46.5% of second premolars. Males displayed significantly higher prevalence of two canals in maxillary second premolars than females (p < 0.05). The prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first and second molars were 36.3 and 8.5%, respectively. Males displayed significantly higher prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary second molars than females (p < 0.05). The prevalence of a second palatal canal in maxillary first and second molars were 0.9 and 0.6%, respectively. In the mandibular arch, the prevalence of two canals were observed in 5.1% of central incisors, 12.3% of lateral incisors, 6.1% of canines, 18.7% of first premolars and 0.5% of second premolars. The prevalence of a middle mesial canal, second distal canal and extra root (radix entomolaris) were detected in 1.9, 19.5 and 21.4% of mandibular first molars, respectively. The prevalence of a C-shaped canal was observed in 48.7% of mandibular second molars. Females displayed significantly higher prevalence of a C-shaped canal in the right mandibular second molars than males (p < 0.05). No other statistically significant differences in root anatomy and root canal morphology were observed in relation to gender and tooth side. Conclusions: Wide variations in the root canal morphology exist among Malaysians. CBCT is a clinically useful tool in the identification of external and internal morphological variations in the human teeth. Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography, Malaysian, Morphology, Root canal Background a major endodontic challenge to clinicians. Therefore, The success of an endodontic treatment requires a thorough knowledge and understanding of their comprehensive knowledge of the root anatomy and root anatomy and variations is of utmost importance to avoid canal morphology along with its variations within the potential complications and undesirable failures during norm. In dental practice, the presence of anatomical endodontic procedures [1]. aberrations in the root and root canal system may pose Globally, there are numerous studies [2–7] reporting the internal and external morphological variations among different ethnicities. Only a few studies [8–11] * Correspondence: [email protected] had been conducted to evaluate the root canal morph- 2Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ology in a Malaysian population. 5Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Pan et al. BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:14 Page 2 of 15 Abd Latib et al. [8] reported the prevalence of a sec- Inclusion and exclusion criteria ond mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molars among Healthy, untreated, fully developed, permanent maxillary Malaysians was 18% for males and 10% for females. Choi and mandibular incisors, canines, first and second pre- et al. [9] compared the incidence of a second mesiobuc- molars and molars in individuals were included. Cases cal canal in maxillary first molars between Caucasians whereby anatomy was compromised by physiological or and Malaysians. In that study, 65.44% of Malaysians pathological processes and the original root anatomy were found to have two mesiobuccal canals [9]. Bhatia et was not clear, were excluded. al. [10] reported the prevalence of radix molars in ex- tracted first molars among Malaysians was 4.9% whereby Pilot study the prevalence of radix entomolaris (4.2%) was more Prior to the start of study, the researcher underwent train- common than radix paramolaris (0.7%). Besides that, an ing from trained oral radiologist and endodontists on how in vitro study by Nie et al. [11] reported that the occur- to operate the CBCT and identify root canal morphology rence of C-shaped canal in mandibular second molars from CBCT images, respectively. The pilot study was car- among Malaysians was 8 (3.3%) out of 241 cases or ried out using 20 CBCT images whereby all observations 88.8% of total number of mandibular molars. In that were performed independently by the researcher, oral study, C-shaped canal was found to be more common in radiologist and endodontists. CBCT images were studied the Chinese race in which it was proven to be statisti- using the same computer and screen under ambient room cally significant [11]. lighting conditions. Inter-observer reliability test was car- Various methodologies have been employed to evaluate ried out using Cohen’s Kappa test (< 0 less than chance the root and root canal morphology such as the use of agreement, 0.01–0.20 slight agreement, 0.21–0.40 fair clearing technique, cross-sectioning technique, analysis of agreement, 0.41–0.60 moderate agreement, 0.61–0.80 extracted teeth, conventional radiography and cone-beam substantial agreement, and 0.81–0.99 almost perfect computed tomography (CBCT). With the advent of agreement) as proposed by Viera & Garrett [13]. A final CBCT, many recent endodontic studies have been incorp- consensus was reached when the inter-rater agreement orating the three-dimensional approach as CBCT offers a kappa value was found to be within the substantial agree- wide array of advantages. CBCT permits modification of ment (0.61–0.80) or almost perfect agreement (0.81–099). the visual field, yields a high resolution and produces a Throughout the study, the calibration of the researcher minimal amount of radiation as compared to conventional was tested by repeating the observations twice on a ran- computed tomography [12]. Furthermore, majority of the dom sample of 50 CBCT images. CBCT equipment are ergonomically designed for safe use and optimal performance [12]. Radiographic technique and image analysis The present study therefore aimed to investigate the The images for the study were selected from the data- prevalence of morphological variations in the root anat- base of KaVo 3D eXam imaging system (Imaging Sci- omy and root canal morphology of human maxillary and ences International, Hatfield, PA, USA). The images mandibular permanent teeth in a Malaysian subpopula- were acquired from a standard protocol for patient posi- tion using CBCT and to correlate the findings with gen- tioning, exposure parameter setting (120 kVp, 5 mA, der and tooth side. 26.9 s) and image acquisition of 0.25 mm voxel size. The images were analysed on eXam Vision software version Methods 1.9.3.13 (KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach, Germany). The Sample selection axial, coronal and sagittal planes, as well as custom The present study consisted of 208 CBCT images of max- planes of the selected images were magnified to 150% to illary and mandibular permanent teeth that had been visualise the cross section of root canal morphology. taken from patients who visited the Oral Health Centre at International Medical University (IMU) for diagnosis and Measurements preoperative assessment for implants, surgical extraction The variables evaluated were patient’s gender, age, ethnicity, and orthodontic treatment. Written informed consents tooth side, number of roots and root canal configuration. were obtained from patients whose images were used. The canal configurations were categorized into the follow- Based on the previous studies [8–11] on Malaysian popu- ing eight types based on Vertucci’s classification [14]: lation, an expected frequency of 15%, an acceptable mar- gin of error of 5% and a design effect set at 1 with 95% 1. Type I: A single canal extends from the pulp confidence interval were used as parameters for Epi Info chamber to the apex. StatCalc statistical software (version 7.2.0.1) to calculate 2. Type II: Two separate canals leave the pulp the total sample size. Epi Info is a trademark of the Cen- chamber and join short of the apex to form one ters for Disease Control and Prevention. canal. Pan et al. BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:14 Page 3 of 15 3. Type III: One canal leaves the pulp chamber and Maxillary teeth divides into two within the root, and then merge to The distribution of the root canal morphology of maxil- exit as one canal. lary teeth based on Vertucci’s classification are shown in 4. Type IV: Two separate and distinct canals extend Table 1. Based on Fig. 1(a-g), Type I, II, III, IV, V, VI and from the pulp chamber to the apex.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Endodontic Therapy of Maxillary Second Molar Showing an Unusual Internal Anatomy
    ISSN: Printed version: 1806-7727 Electronic version: 1984-5685 RSBO. 2012 Apr-Jun;9(2):213-7 Case Report Article Endodontic therapy of maxillary second molar showing an unusual internal anatomy Carlos Eduardo Fontana1 Carolina Davoli Macedo Ibanéz2 Felipe Davini1 Alexandre Sigrist De Martin1 Cláudia Fernandes de Magalhães Silveira1 Daniel Guimarães Pedro Rocha1 Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno1 Corresponding author: Carlos Eduardo Fontana Avenida 02, n.º 1.220 CEP 13500-411 – Rio Claro – SP – Brasil E-mail: [email protected] 1 Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Post-graduation Center – Campinas – SP – Brazil. 2 Private practice – São Paulo – SP – Brazil. Received for publication: October 10, 2011. Accepted for publication: November 11, 2011. Abstract Keywords: internal anatomy; endodontic Introduction: The knowledge of the complex anatomy of maxillary treatment; maxillary molars and location of extra canals are essential for diagnosis second molar; dental and endodontic treatment success. Objective: The purpose of this operating microscope. study was to report a clinical case showing a varying number of palatal roots in a second maxillary molar with the aid of operating microscope (OM). Case report: A four-rooted maxillary permanent second molar with 2 separated palatal canals undergone endodontic therapy. After endodontic access, examination of the chamber floor using an operating microscope revealed two distinct palatal canals orifices. A radiograph was taken after the working lengths of each canal were estimated by means of an electronic apex locator which clearly identified the four roots with independent four canals. The canals were instrumented with ProTaper™ rotatory instruments under irrigation with 5% sodium hypochlorite, obturated with Pulp Canal Sealer® and continue wave technique.
    [Show full text]
  • Root Canal Morphology and Configuration of 123 Maxillary
    OPEN International Journal of Oral Science (2017) 9,33–37 www.nature.com/ijos ORIGINAL ARTICLE Root canal morphology and configuration of 123 maxillary second molars by means of micro-CT Thomas Gerhard Wolf1, Frank Paqué2, Anja-Christin Woop1, Brita Willershausen1 and Benjamín Briseño-Marroquín1 The aim of this study was to investigate the root canal configuration, accessory canals and number of main foramina of 123 maxillary second molars by means of micro-computed tomography. The teeth were scanned and reproduced with 3D software imaging. The root canal configuration and number of main foramina were evaluated by means of a four-digit system. The morphological complexity of human maxillary second molars is depicted by the number of accessory and connecting canals. The most frequently observed root canal configurations in the mesiobuccal root were 2-2-2/2 (19.5%), 2-2-1/1 (14.6%) and 2-1-1/1 (13.0%). A 1-1-1/1 configuration was observed in 93.5% and in 96.7% in the distobuccal and palatal roots, respectively. The MB1 root canal had one accessory canal (18.7%), and 8.9% of the MB2 root canal had one or two accessory canals. The distobuccal (11.3%) and palatal (14.6%) root canals had at least one accessory canal, and connecting canals were observed in 16.3% of mesiobuccal roots. The MB1, MB2, distobuccal and palatal root canals had one main foramen in 99.2%, 43.1%, 98.4% and 99.2% of samples, respectively. In the mesiobuccal root, one accessory foramen was detected in 14.6%, two were detected in 7.3%, and three were detected in 5.7%.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Anatomy of a Second Maxillary Molar - a Rare Four- Root Configuration Case Report
    ARC Journal of Dental Science Volume 1, Issue 2, 2016, PP 13-15 ISSN No. (Online): 2456-0030 http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2456-0030.0102003 www.arcjournals.org Unusual Anatomy of a Second Maxillary Molar - a Rare four- Root Configuration Case Report Dr. Thiago de Almeida Prado Naves Carneiro,DDS, MSc PhD student, Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses, and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil. [email protected] Abstract: Although it is a very rare situation, four-rooted maxillary second molars can occur. The existence of two palatal roots is extremely rare and ranges about only 0.4%. The aim of this study is to present and document a very rare anatomic configuration of a four-rooted maxillary second molar. Anatomic variation in the number of roots and root canals can occur in any tooth, although some cases can be extremely rare as the one presented here.Clinicians should be aware of this possibility before considering any kind of treatment. Keywords: Molar, Dental Anatomy, Anatomical Variation 1. INTRODUCTION Usually the maxillary second molars are described in the literature as a teeth that have 3 roots with 3 or 4 root canals. Understanding of the presence of additional roots and unusual root canals is essential and determines the success of endodontic treatment1. The existence of maxillary second molars with 4 roots (2 buccal and 2 palatal) is extremely rare and ranges about only 0.4%.This information comes from a study that showed, after the examination of two different horizontally angled radiographs of 1,000 maxillary second molars, just four with four roots2.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphologic Variations of Maxillary Molars Palatal Root and the Importance of Its Knowledge for Endodontic Practice: a Case Series
    10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1024 RobertaCASE REPORT Kochenborger Scarparo et al Morphologic Variations of Maxillary Molars Palatal Root and the Importance of Its Knowledge for Endodontic Practice: A Case Series Roberta Kochenborger Scarparo, Letícia Pereira, Diana Moro, Grasiela Gründling Maximiliano Gomes, Fabiana Soares Grecca ABSTRACT treated of root canals greatly decreases the chances of 1-5 Aim: The present report describes and discusses root canal treatment success. The maxillary first molar usually variations in the internal morphology of maxillary molars. presents three roots and four canals (one canal in the palatal 4 Background: Dental internal anatomy is directly related to all root, two in the mesiobuccal root and one in the distal root). the technical stages of the endodontic treatment. Even though, On the contrary, the maxillary second molar often shows in some situations a typical anatomical characteristics can be three roots and three canals (one canal in the palatal root, faced, and the professional should be able to identify them. one in the mesiobuccal root and one canal in the distobuccal Case descriptions: This clinical report describes five cases 4 with different pulpar and periapical diagnostics where the root). However, due to the complexity of the root canal 1-6 endodontic treatment was performed, in which during the system, some variations have been reported. treatment the unusual occurrence of two or three canals in the Clinical studies confirm the presence of four root canals palatal root ‘or even two distinct palatal roots’ of first and second on maxillary first molars as the anatomical feature most maxillary molars, were described and important details for 7 achieving treatment success were discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 5Morphology of Permanent Molars
    CHAPTER Morphology of Permanent Molars Topics5 covered within the four sections of this chapter B. Type traits of maxillary molars from the lingual include the following: view I. Overview of molars C. Type traits of maxillary molars from the A. General description of molars proximal views B. Functions of molars D. Type traits of maxillary molars from the C. Class traits for molars occlusal view D. Arch traits that differentiate maxillary from IV. Maxillary and mandibular third molar type traits mandibular molars A. Type traits of all third molars (different from II. Type traits that differentiate mandibular second first and second molars) molars from mandibular first molars B. Size and shape of third molars A. Type traits of mandibular molars from the buc- C. Similarities and differences of third molar cal view crowns compared with first and second molars B. Type traits of mandibular molars from the in the same arch lingual view D. Similarities and differences of third molar roots C. Type traits of mandibular molars from the compared with first and second molars in the proximal views same arch D. Type traits of mandibular molars from the V. Interesting variations and ethnic differences in occlusal view molars III. Type traits that differentiate maxillary second molars from maxillary first molars A. Type traits of the maxillary first and second molars from the buccal view hroughout this chapter, “Appendix” followed Also, remember that statistics obtained from by a number and letter (e.g., Appendix 7a) is Dr. Woelfel’s original research on teeth have been used used within the text to denote reference to to draw conclusions throughout this chapter and are the page (number 7) and item (letter a) being referenced with superscript letters like this (dataA) that Treferred to on that appendix page.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Features
    Permanent maxillary second molar Dental Anatomy .د ـــن ا Lec.Lec.12121212 Permanent maxillary second molar Principal identifying features: 1. No fifth cusp is evident. 2. Roots are less divergent and may coalescent. 3. Disto-buccal and mesio-buccal cusps are less developed. 4. The crown is smaller in all dimensions than max. first molar. Buccal aspect: 1. The crown is smaller in all dimensions than max. first molar. 2. The disto-buccal cusp is smaller and allows part of distal marginal ridge and part of disto-buccal cusp to be seen. 3. The buccal roots are about the same length. They are nearly parallel and more inclined distally more than that of max. first molar. 4. The palatal root is the longest root (about 1 mm longer than buccal roots). Lingual aspect: 1 Permanent maxillary second molar Dental Anatomy 1. The disto-lingual cusp is smaller than that of max. first molar. 2. No fifth cusp. 3. The apex of palatal root is in a line with disto-lingual cusp tip . Mesial aspect: 1. Bucco-lingual dimension is the same as that of max. first molar but the crown length is smaller. 2. The roots are less divergent bucco-lingually. Distal aspect: The disto-buccal cusp is smaller than that of max. first molar. Occlusal aspect: 1. The crown has rhomboidal shape, with the acute angles are less and the obtuse angles are more than that of max. first molar. 2. The bucco-lingual diameter is the same but the mesio-distal diameter is smaller by about 1 mm than that of max.
    [Show full text]
  • Congenitally Missing Mandibular Premolars — Treatment Options for Space Closure
    CONTINUING EDUCATION Congenitally missing mandibular premolars — treatment options for space closure Dr. Mark W. McDonough discusses recognition and treatment planning for congenitally missing second premolars Introduction The orthodontist often identifies missing Educational aims and objectives second premolars in the mixed dentition This article aims to direct the orthodontist through a diagnostic sequence of recognizing and treatment planning for congenitally missing second premolars. using routine panoramic radiographs. The early decisions that orthodontists make for Expected outcomes the congenitally missing teeth often have an Orthodontic Practice US subscribers can answer the CE questions on page 22 to impact on dental health for the rest of their earn 2 hours of CE from reading this article. Correctly answering the questions will demonstrate the reader can: patient’s life. Therefore, this finding should • Realize some diagnoses of missing mandibular premolars. result in a comprehensive set of diagnostic • Realize some treatment options for mandibular premolars. records in order to evaluate the patient in all three planes of space and establish a • Identify critical factors to consider to avoid complications. problem list and treatment alternatives. • Identify three different methods of space closure from the case studies presented. These records often need to be shared with the restorative dentist and other specialists in order to consider all viable alternatives and formulate a proper treatment plan. General concepts about missing
    [Show full text]
  • Bilateral Maxillary Second Molar Tooth Microdontia: a Case of Very Rare
    International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2020; 6(2): 346-348 ISSN Print: 2394-7489 ISSN Online: 2394-7497 IJADS 2020; 6(2): 346-348 Bilateral maxillary second molar tooth microdontia: A © 2020 IJADS www.oraljournal.com case of very rare tooth anomaly Received: 01-02-2020 Accepted: 03-03-2020 Dr. Sumeyye Celik Ozsoy and Dr. Bilgun Cetin Dr. Sumeyye Celik Ozsoy Beyhekim Oral and Dental Abstract Health Center/ Konya The incidence studies of teeth that have microdontia were found to be seen in maxillary lateral incisor Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology teeth, third molar teeth and supernumerary teeth respectively; but this anomaly, which is not related to Department, Dentistry Faculty any syndrome in the molar teeth is rather rare. Besides, the reported case on this subject is not enough. of Mehmet Akif Ersoy The objective of this paper is to share knowledge and images of a very rare case: bilateral microdontia of University, Burdur, Turkey the maxillary second molar teeth. Dr. Bilgun Cetin Keywords: Microdontia, second molar, dental anomaly, tooth agenesis Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Dentistry, Istiklal Yerleskesi 15030 Burdur, Introduction Turkey Most of the anomalies observed in the teeth are caused by the effects of genetic or environmental factors in the developmental stages of the teeth. While shape, number and size anomalies are formed in the morpho-differentiation stage, formation anomalies by which the tooth hard tissues are formed in the histodifferentiation due to a disorder or an effect. Despite this, the etiology of dental anomalies is not completely known [1]. The concept of microdontia within the relatively common size anomalies is of the entire tooth or only the crown or only the root, which is smaller than its normal size [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Maxillary Second Molar Protraction with Mini-Implants and A
    Maxillary second molar protraction with Case Report mini-implants and a By Neal D. Kravitz, DMD, MS transpalatal arch hen you are protracting maxillary molars, molars, presence of all third molars, and acceptable condylar often anterior dental anchorage or Class III head shape bilaterally (Figure 3). directional elastics are sufficient to consolidate Study model analysis revealed a Class II division 1 subdi- Wspace without affecting incisor position. However, in more vision right malocclusion, a tapered-maxillary arch, 40% over- challenging cases such as movement through a pneuma- bite, +4 mm of overjet, and moderate anterior crowding. tized sinus or molar substitution, skeletal anchorage may facilitate efficient molar protraction. This case report Treatment Objectives presents the treatment of an adolescent patient with early We identified five treatment objectives: loss of dysplastic maxillary first 1) establish functional Class I molars and successful, noncom- molar and canine occlusion pliant protraction of the second with normal overbite and molars using orthodontic mini- overjet; implants for anchorage. 2) resolve crowding; 3) develop a broader maxil- Diagnosis and Etiology lary-arch shape; A 13-year-old adolescent 4) align the dental midlines female was referred by her gen- with the facial midline; and eral dentist for an orthodon- 5) maintain soft-tissue esthetics. tic consultation following the recent extraction of severely Treatment Alternatives carious maxillary first molars. The patient presented to The patient presented with a Figure 1: Pretreatment composite. our office with the maxillary straight soft-tissue profile and first molars already extracted. good facial symmetry, with the Therefore, our treatment op- maxillary dental midline left tions were limited to either of the facial midline.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Endodontic Management of Maxillary Second Molar with Two Palatal Roots: a Report of Two Cases
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Dentistry Volume 2012, Article ID 590406, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2012/590406 Case Report Endodontic Management of Maxillary Second Molar with Two Palatal Roots: A Report of Two Cases Surbhi Patel1 and Pawan Patel2 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, MGV’s Karmaveer Bhausaheb Hire Dental College, Nashik 422003, India 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Yogita Dental College, Khed, Ratnagiri 415709, India Correspondence should be addressed to Surbhi Patel, [email protected] Received 9 September 2012; Accepted 7 November 2012 Academic Editors: R. S. Brown, W. L. Chai, M. A. Polack, and M. W. Roberts Copyright © 2012 S. Patel and P. Patel. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Endodontic treatment may sometimes fail because morphological features of the tooth adversely affect the treatment protocol. Maxillary second molars are recognized as usually having a single palatal root with a single palatal canal. The incidence of second palatal root in the maxillary second molar is very rare. Two cases are presented in this paper describing the endodontic management of a four-rooted maxillary second molar with two distinct palatal roots and canals and two distinct buccal roots and canals. Clinical examination and radiographs showed the presence of two palatal roots during the root canal procedure. The canals were biomechanically prepared with crown-down technique and obturated using lateral condensation technique with AH-Plus sealer. 1. Introduction 2. Case Report The main objective of root canal treatment is the thorough 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Clinical Evaluation of Unusual Anatomy of a Maxillary Second Molar: a Case Report
    Volume 2- Issue 1 : 2018 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.02.000648 Dott Dario Di Nardo. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Case Report Open Access 3D Clinical Evaluation of Unusual Anatomy of A Maxillary Second Molar: A Case Report Dario Di Nardo*1, Gianluca Gambarini1, Riccardo Costantini1, Luca Testarelli1, Lucila Piasecki2 and Dina Al-Sudani3 1Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 2Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, USA 3Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Received: January 04, 2018; Published: January 10, 2018 *Corresponding author: Dott Dario Di Nardo, Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Tel: ; Email: Abstract Aim To present the combined use of CBCT images and new endodontic software to identify and then facilitate the location and treatment of canal treatment on her maxillary left second molar tooth (tooth 27). Due to superimposition of the third molar and the position of the tooth that a canal in an unusually placed second mesio-buccal root of a maxillary left second molar. Summary A 45-year-old female was referred for root made conventional radiographs unhelpful, a pre-operative limited FOV, Low-Dose Technology™ CBCT image was taken with an OP-300 Maxio™ softwaredevice (Instrumentarium, to automatically revealHelsinki, and Finland). measure The the pathwayCBCT images of each were canal, then which imported was traced and analyzed and viewed using in 3D both Endo™ frontal Software and mesial (Dentsply perspectives. Sirona, TheWels images bei Salzburg, revealed Austria). the presence Within of the a separatesoftware, second the canal mesiobuccal orifices and root foramina that contained were located one canal.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pilot Retrospective Study on the Effect of Bone Grafting After Wisdom Teeth Extraction
    materials Article A Pilot Retrospective Study on the Effect of Bone Grafting after Wisdom Teeth Extraction Luigi Canullo 1 , Giampiero Rossi-Fedele 2, Francesca Camodeca 3, Maria Menini 4 and Paolo Pesce 4,* 1 Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; [email protected] 2 Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; [email protected] 3 Private Practice, 00198 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the effect of bone graft after extraction of wisdom teeth impacting with the distal aspect of the second molar, on soft tissue wound healing, bone loss, and periodontal parameters. Sixteen patients treated an for impacted mandibular wisdom tooth at least one year ago were re-called (18 teeth). Dental panoramic tomography and periodontal parameters were assessed. A graft material was used to fill the post-extractive sockets in the test group (GUIDOR easy-graft CRYSTAL), whereas in the control group, the socket was filled using a collagen sponge and blood clot (Hemocollagene, Septodont, Matarò, Spain). The radiographic bone loss was measured at the distal aspect of the second molar. The Wilcoxon singed-rank test for paired data was performed to evaluate statistical differences. In the test group, only two cases out of nine showed bone loss, with an average of 0.55 ± 1.30 mm. Conversely, in the control group, five teeth Citation: Canullo, L.; Rossi-Fedele, out of nine showed bone resorption with an average of 1.22 ± 1.30 mm.
    [Show full text]