DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovative Biological Destruction of Hazardous Chlorinated and Brominated Volatile Disinfection By-Products Using Bio Trickling Filters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovative Biological Destruction of Hazardous Chlorinated and Brominated Volatile Disinfection By-Products Using Bio Trickling Filters Innovative Biological Destruction of Hazardous Chlorinated and Brominated Volatile Disinfection By-Products Using Biotrickling Filters A Dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering of College of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2017 By Bineyam Hadgu Mezgebe MCP, University of Cincinnati, 2009 Post Graduate Diploma, Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany 1999 Committee Dr. George A. Sorial (chair) Dr. Margaret J. Kupferle Dr. David Wendell Dr. Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie Dr. Ashraf Aly Hassan I | P a g e Abstract Disinfection by products (DBPs) resulted from the reactions between the chlorine and natural organic substances which increased the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs). DBPs are carcinogens or have been known to cause health risks. Chloroform (CF) is the most abundant of all THMs with a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.070 mg/L. In addition, CF and other THMs could also originate from sources other than by-products of water disinfection. Several physical and chemical removal methods are used to treat chloroform, which are expensive and could generate secondary pollutants. Biofiltration is one of the most proven technologies for volatile organic compound (VOC) control as it is environment–friendly, cost effective and releases fewer byproducts. In this study, an integrated technology was proposed. The integrated technology consists of nitrogen or air stripping followed by anaerobic or aerobic bio-trickling Filter (BTF). This study evaluated first CF only and secondly mixtures of THMs (CF and dichlorobromomethane (DCBM)). A co metabolite (ethanol) and surfactant (Tomadol 25 – 7) have been used to improve the biodegradation process. In addition, surfactin a bio surfactant was seeded within the BTF and its effectiveness has been investigated. Finally, microbial analysis was conducted to determine the dominant and responsible microbes for the BTFs performance. In the anaerobic BTF, a co metabolite and surfactant were utilized to enhance the biodegradation process. Upon the addition of ethanol and Tomadol 25 - 7, the performance of the anaerobic reactor improved from an initial 49% to over 64% removal efficiency of CF. On the other hand, the average removal efficiency of CF for aerobic fungi BTF under acidic condition was 80%. For both cases the initial CF loading rate was constant at 0.27 g /m3.hr. The microbial community analysis suggested that A. oryzae and A. restrica were the dominant and responsible II | P a g e bacteria species observed in the anaerobic BTF. Fusarium sp. and F. solani were the dominant fungi responsible for higher CF degradation. In practice, a BTF will be exposed to mixtures of THMs and other VOCs emitted together. In this regard, two other independent BTFs were studied to remove mixtures of THMs (CF and DCBM). These two independent BTFs, one with co metabolite and another one with bio surfactant were investigated in removing the stripped THMs. Adding co metabolite at highest loading rate resulted in removal efficiencies of 85% for CF and 87% for DCBM. Whereas at the same THMs loading rate condition, the use of surfactin without co metabolite showed a removal efficiency of 85% and 80% for CF and CBM, respectively. The microbial community analysis suggested that Fusarium sp. was the most dominant fungi for the BTF with co metabolite. Whereas, Fusarium oxysporum was the dominant microbes for the BTF with surfactin. III | P a g e IV | P a g e Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisor, Dr. George A. Sorial, for his guidance, help, and support throughout my journey at the University of Cincinnati. His continuous pursuit of perfection and demand for scientific excellence was a major driving force behind this work. He has helped me a great deal in reaching my goals as a doctoral candidate and as a future researcher. I would like to thank my mentor Dr. Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie for his help and guidance throughout my doctorial work. I also would like to thank my friend and mentor Dr. Ashraf Aly Hassan for his guidance on my research early-on with my laboratory work and later on finishing my research. Moreover, I would like to give appreciation to my committee members, Dr. Margaret J. Kupferle, and Dr. David Wendell for their support and contribution. I gratefully acknowledge the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the grant that I received during my research. I would like to thank all my colleagues and friends at University of Cincinnati: Ayenachew Tegenu, Hengye Jing, Abderrahman Zehraoui, Hafiz Salih, Shahram Ghasemzadeh and Palanisamy, K for making this journey enjoyable and memorable. I would like to thank all my group members and all my friends for all the needed encouragement and support Finally, I dedicate this work to my parents, especially for my Mom, who made me believe in my abilities to pursue the PhD, my wife, who has endured with me all the challenges I have faced during the program, my sister, who always provided me with moral support. V | P a g e Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. II Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... V Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................VI List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. X List Figures ...............................................................................................................................XI 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Significance of the study ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 DBPs exposure, related health risks and regulations ........................................................... 2 1.2.2 Current controlling techniques and their challenges ............................................................ 4 1.3 Biofiltration and THMs ......................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Specific project objective and innovative concept of biofiltration .......................................... 6 1.5 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.5.1 Gas stripping of trihalomethanes (THMs) from water ......................................................... 7 1.5.2 Batch studies ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.5.3 Anaerobic vs aerobic conditions for the degradation of chlorinated compounds .................. 9 1.6 Structure of dissertation ....................................................................................................... 11 1.7 References ........................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2 The Effectiveness of Aeration of Drinking Water to Control Trihalomethanes from Publicly Water System ............................................................................................. 18 2.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Experimental methods and analysis ..................................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Bench-scale bubble aeration experiment for THMs........................................................... 23 2.3.3 Thermal stratification in the large water storage tanks ...................................................... 23 2.4 Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................ 25 2.4.1 Result from lab scale bubble aeration experiment ............................................................. 25 2.4.2 Bubble aeration modeling for THMs removal ................................................................... 26 2.4.2.1Bubble aeration mathematical modeling - I ..................................................................... 26 VI | P a g e 2.4.2.2 Mathematical modeling of bubble aeration - II ............................................................... 27 2.4.2.3 Model parameter estimations ......................................................................................... 29 2.4.4 Comparing bench scale bubble aeration study with model prediction ................................ 31 2.4.5 Bubble aeration and temperatures stratification in large tank ...........................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rajiv Kumar M.Phil
    PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF HEAVY METAL AFFECTED SOIL OF BATHINDA REGION (SOUTH WEST PUNJAB) A Dissertation submitted to the Central University of Punjab For the award of Master of Philosophy In Biosciences BY Rajiv Kumar Supervisor Dr. Sanjeev K. Thakur Centre for Biosciences School of Basic and Applied Sciences Central University of Punjab, Bathinda August, 2012 1 CERTIFICATE I declare that the dissertation entitled “PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF HEAVY METAL AFFECTED SOIL OF BATHINDA REGION (SOUTH WEST PUNJAB)” has been prepared by me under the guidance of Dr. Sanjeev K. Thakur, Assistant Professor, Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab. No part of this dissertation has formed the basis for the award of any degree or fellowship previously. Rajiv Kumar Reg. No.:- CUP/M.Phil.-Ph.D/SBAS/BIO/2010-11/05 Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda - 151001 DATE: i CERTIFICATE I certify that Rajiv Kumar has prepared his dissertation entitled “PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF HEAVY METAL AFFECTED SOIL OF BATHINDA REGION (SOUTH WEST PUNJAB)”, for the award of M.Phil. degree of the Central University of Punjab, under my guidance. He has carried out this work at the Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab. Dr. Sanjeev K. Thakur Assistant Professor Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda - 151001 DATE: ii ABSTRACT Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity of Heavy Metal Affected Soil of Bathinda Region (South West Punjab) Name of student: Rajiv Kumar Registration Number: CUP/M.Phil.-Ph.D./SBAS/BIO/2010-11/05 Degree for which submitted: Master of Philosophy Name of supervisor: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiology and Biochemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria That Use Chlorate And/Or Nitrate As Electron Acceptor
    Invitation for the public defense of my thesis Physiology and biochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading of aromatic and biochemistry Physiology bacteria that use chlorate and/or nitrate as electron acceptor as electron nitrate and/or use chlorate that bacteria Physiology and biochemistry Physiology and biochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading of aromatic hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria that bacteria that use chlorate and/or nitrate as electron acceptor use chlorate and/or nitrate as electron acceptor The public defense of my thesis will take place in the Aula of Wageningen University (Generall Faulkesweg 1, Wageningen) on December 18 2013 at 4:00 pm. This defense is followed by a reception in Café Carré (Vijzelstraat 2, Wageningen). Margreet J. Oosterkamp J. Margreet Paranimphs Ton van Gelder ([email protected]) Aura Widjaja Margreet J. Oosterkamp ([email protected]) Marjet Oosterkamp (911 W Springfield Ave Apt 19, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected]) Omslag met flap_MJOosterkamp.indd 1 25-11-2013 5:58:31 Physiology and biochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria that use chlorate and/or nitrate as electron acceptor Margreet J. Oosterkamp Thesis-MJOosterkamp.indd 1 25-11-2013 6:42:09 Thesis committee Thesis supervisor Prof. dr. ir. A. J. M. Stams Personal Chair at the Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University Thesis co-supervisors Dr. C. M. Plugge Assistant Professor at the Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University Dr. P. J. Schaap Assistant Professor at the Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology Wageningen University Other members Prof. dr. L. Dijkhuizen, University of Groningen Prof. dr. H. J. Laanbroek, University of Utrecht Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of a Sulfur-Utilizing Perchlorate-Reducing Bacterial Consortium" (2011)
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 5-13-2011 Investigation of a Sulfur-Utilizing Perchlorate- Reducing Bacterial Consortium Teresa Anne Conneely University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Bacteriology Commons Recommended Citation Conneely, Teresa Anne, "Investigation of a Sulfur-Utilizing Perchlorate-Reducing Bacterial Consortium" (2011). Open Access Dissertations. 372. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/372 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVESTIGATION OF A SULFUR-UTILIZING PERCHLORATE-REDUCING BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM A Dissertation Presented by TERESA ANNE CONNEELY Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2011 Department of Microbiology © Copyright by Teresa Anne Conneely 2011 All Rights Reserved INVESTIGATION OF A SULFUR-UTILIZING PERCHLORATE-REDUCING BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM A Dissertation Presented by TERESA ANNE CONNEELY Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________________ Klaus Nüsslein, Chair ____________________________________ Jeffery Blanchard, Member ____________________________________ James F. Holden, Member ____________________________________ Sarina Ergas, Member __________________________________________ John Lopes, Department Head Department of Microbiology DEDICATION Lé grá dó mo chlann ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Klaus Nüsslein for inviting me to join his lab, introducing me to microbial ecology and guiding me on my research path and goal of providing clean water through microbiology. Thank you to all my committee members throughout my Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Capacities of Anammox Bacterium: Kuenenia Stuttgartiensis
    Metabolic capacities of anammox bacterium: Kuenenia stuttgartiensis Mariana Itzel Velasco Alvarez December 2014 Master’s dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the joint degree of International Master of Science in Environmental Technology and Engineering an Erasmus Mundus Master Course jointly organized by UGent (Belgium), ICTP (Prague) and UNESCO‐IHE (the Netherlands) Academic year 2014 – 2015 Metabolic capacities of anammox bacterium: Kuenenia stuttgartiensis Host University: Radboud University, Nijmegen UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Mariana Itzel Velasco Alvarez Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. Mike Jetten Co-promoter: Prof. dr. ir. Piet Lens This thesis was elaborated at Radboud University and defended at UNESCO-IHE Delft within the framework of the European Erasmus Mundus Programme “Erasmus Mundus International Master of Science in Environmental Technology and Engineering " (Course N° 2011-0172) © 2014 Nijmegen, Mariana Velasco, Ghent University, all rights reserved. CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE – IMPORTANT – PLEASE READ FIRST This document may contain confidential information proprietary to the Radboud University. It is strictly forbidden to publish, cite or make public in any way this document or any part thereof without the express written permission by the Radboud Universit. Under no circumstance this document may be communicated to or put at the disposal of third parties; photocopying or duplicating it in any other way is strictly prohibited. Disregarding the confidential nature of this document may cause irremediable damage to the Radboud University. CONFIDENTIAL DO NOT COPY, DISTRIBUTE OR MAKE PUBLIC IN ANY WAY PLEASE CONTACT RADBOUD UNIVERSITY IF YOU RECEIVED THIS DOCUMENT IN ERROR. Acknowledgments Every success is never achieved alone; is part of a whole, where directly or indirectly is the input of people and situations.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Microbiology, Second Edition Edited by Ralph Mitchell and Ji-Dong Gu Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Blackwell
    ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY SECOND EDITION Edited by Ralph Mitchell and Ji-Dong Gu A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY SECOND EDITION Edited by Ralph Mitchell and Ji-Dong Gu A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright © 2010 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada. Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics Provides Insights Into the Taxonomy of Azoarcus and Reveals Separate Origins of Nif Genes in the Proposed Azoarcus and Aromatoleum Genera
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Comparative Genomics Provides Insights into the Taxonomy of Azoarcus and Reveals Separate Origins of Nif Genes in the Proposed Azoarcus and Aromatoleum Genera Roberto Tadeu Raittz 1,*,† , Camilla Reginatto De Pierri 2,† , Marta Maluk 3 , Marcelo Bueno Batista 4, Manuel Carmona 5 , Madan Junghare 6, Helisson Faoro 7, Leonardo M. Cruz 2 , Federico Battistoni 8, Emanuel de Souza 2,Fábio de Oliveira Pedrosa 2, Wen-Ming Chen 9, Philip S. Poole 10, Ray A. Dixon 4,* and Euan K. James 3,* 1 Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Applied to Bioinformatics, Professional and Technical Education Sector—SEPT, UFPR, Curitiba, PR 81520-260, Brazil 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; [email protected] (C.R.D.P.); [email protected] (L.M.C.); [email protected] (E.d.S.); [email protected] (F.d.O.P.) 3 The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; [email protected] 4 John Innes Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; [email protected] 5 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Department of Biotechnology of Microbes and Plants, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 6 Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU—Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; [email protected] 7 Laboratory for Science and Technology Applied in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil; helisson.faoro@fiocruz.br 8 Department of Microbial Biochemistry and Genomics, IIBCE, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; [email protected] Citation: Raittz, R.T.; Reginatto De 9 Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, NKMU, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan; Pierri, C.; Maluk, M.; Bueno Batista, [email protected] M.; Carmona, M.; Junghare, M.; Faoro, 10 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; H.; Cruz, L.M.; Battistoni, F.; Souza, [email protected] E.d.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria in a Toluene-Producing Enrichment Culture Derived from Contaminated Groundwater at a Louisiana Superfund Site
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School August 2020 Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria in a Toluene-Producing Enrichment Culture Derived from Contaminated Groundwater at a Louisiana Superfund Site Madison Mikes Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons, and the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Mikes, Madison, "Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria in a Toluene-Producing Enrichment Culture Derived from Contaminated Groundwater at a Louisiana Superfund Site" (2020). LSU Master's Theses. 5206. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/5206 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA IN A TOLUENE- PRODUCING ENRICHMENT CULTURE DERIVED FROM CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER AT A LOUISIANA SUPERFUND SITE A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agriculture and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering by Madison Colleen Mikes B.S., Louisiana State University, 2018 December 2020 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take the time to thank all of those who have supported and assisted me during my graduate program. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Bill Moe for all of the time he has spent teaching me and mentoring me through my thesis work.
    [Show full text]
  • DMSO Reductase Family: Phylogenetics and Applications of Extremophiles
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review DMSO Reductase Family: Phylogenetics and Applications of Extremophiles Jose María Miralles-Robledillo , Javier Torregrosa-Crespo , Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa and Carmen Pire * Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, División de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 13 June 2019; Accepted: 5 July 2019; Published: 8 July 2019 Abstract: Dimethyl sulfoxide reductases (DMSO) are molybdoenzymes widespread in all domains of life. They catalyse not only redox reactions, but also hydroxylation/hydration and oxygen transfer processes. Although literature on DMSO is abundant, the biological significance of these enzymes in anaerobic respiration and the molecular mechanisms beyond the expression of genes coding for them are still scarce. In this review, a deep revision of the literature reported on DMSO as well as the use of bioinformatics tools and free software has been developed in order to highlight the relevance of DMSO reductases on anaerobic processes connected to different biogeochemical cycles. Special emphasis has been addressed to DMSO from extremophilic organisms and their role in nitrogen cycle. Besides, an updated overview of phylogeny of DMSOs as well as potential applications of some DMSO reductases on bioremediation approaches are also described. Keywords: dimethyl sulfoxide reductases; MoCo cofactor; redox reactions; biogeochemical cycles; N-cycle; phylogeny; nitrate reductase; perchlorate reductase 1. Introduction Molybdenum (Mo) is a transition metal that plays an essential role in metabolism in the three domains of life. It is a trace element; consequently, living beings require it in small doses.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Pathology of an Epidermal Disease Affecting a Circum-Antarctic Sea Star
    www.nature.com/scientificreports Correction: Author Correction OPEN Exploring the pathology of an epidermal disease afecting a circum-Antarctic sea star Received: 31 January 2018 Laura Núñez-Pons 1,2, Thierry M. Work 3, Carlos Angulo-Preckler 4, Juan Moles 5 & Accepted: 16 July 2018 Conxita Avila 4 Published: xx xx xxxx Over the past decade, unusual mortality outbreaks have decimated echinoderm populations over broad geographic regions, raising awareness globally of the importance of investigating such events. Echinoderms are key components of marine benthos for top-down and bottom-up regulations of plants and animals; population declines of these individuals can have signifcant ecosystem-wide efects. Here we describe the frst case study of an outbreak afecting Antarctic echinoderms and consisting of an ulcerative epidermal disease afecting ~10% of the population of the keystone asteroid predator Odontaster validus at Deception Island, Antarctica. This event was frst detected in the Austral summer 2012–2013, coinciding with unprecedented high seawater temperatures and increased seismicity. Histological analyses revealed epidermal ulceration, infammation, and necrosis in diseased animals. Bacterial and fungal alpha diversity was consistently lower and of diferent composition in lesioned versus unafected tissues (32.87% and 16.94% shared bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units OTUs respectively). The microbiome of healthy stars was more consistent across individuals than in diseased specimens suggesting microbial dysbiosis, especially in the lesion fronts. Because these microbes were not associated with tissue damage at the microscopic level, their contribution to the development of epidermal lesions remains unclear. Our study reveals that disease events are reaching echinoderms as far as the polar regions thereby highlighting the need to develop a greater understanding of the microbiology and physiology of marine diseases and ecosystems health, especially in the era of global warming.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiota Associated with the Migration and Transformation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater
    Environ Geochem Health (2013) 35:535–549 DOI 10.1007/s10653-013-9513-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Microbiota associated with the migration and transformation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in groundwater Xiangyu Guan • Fei Liu • Yuxuan Xie • Lingling Zhu • Bin Han Received: 7 November 2012 / Accepted: 10 February 2013 / Published online: 19 February 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Pollution of groundwater with chlorinated monooxygenases and methane monooxygenases capa- aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) is a serious environ- ble of degradation of PCE and TCE were detected, mental problem which is threatening human health. demonstrating the major mechanism for PCE and TCE Microorganisms are the major participants in degrad- degradation and possibility for in situ remediation by ing these contaminants. Here, groundwater contami- addition of oxygen in this study. nated for a decade with CAHs was investigated. Numerical simulation and field measurements were Keywords Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons Á used to track and forecast the migration and transfor- Degradation Á Microbiota Á 16S rRNA Á Remediation mation of the pollutants. The diversity, abundance, and possible activity of groundwater microbial com- munities at CAH-polluted sites were characterized by molecular approaches. The number of microorgan- Introduction isms was between 5.65E?05 and 1.49E?08 16S rRNA gene clone numbers per liter according to Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) are ideal quantitative real-time PCR analysis. In 16S rRNA chemical agents for use as industrial solvents, dry gene clone libraries constructed from samples along cleaning agents, and degreasers (Ellis et al. 2000; the groundwater flow, eight phyla were detected, and Barnes et al.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
    University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 01 University of Plymouth Research Outputs University of Plymouth Research Outputs 2017-05-01 Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly, 1995) as Annwoodia aquaesulis gen. nov., comb. nov., transfer of Thiobacillus (Beijerinck, 1904) from the Hydrogenophilales to the Nitrosomonadales, proposal of Hydrogenophilalia class. nov. within the 'Proteobacteria', and four new families within the orders Nitrosomonadales and Rhodocyclales Boden, R http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8740 10.1099/ijsem.0.001927 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly, 1995) as Annwoodia aquaesulis gen. nov., comb. nov. Transfer of Thiobacillus (Beijerinck, 1904) from the Hydrogenophilales to the Nitrosomonadales, proposal of Hydrogenophilalia class. nov. within the 'Proteobacteria', and 4 new families within the orders Nitrosomonadales and Rhodocyclales. --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: IJSEM-D-16-00980R2 Full Title: Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly,
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of ISA Degrading Alkaliphilic Bacteria
    Isolation and Characterization of ISA Degrading Alkaliphilic Bacteria Zohier Salah (Researcher) A thesis submitted to the University of Huddersfield in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Applied Science December 2017 Acknowledgment Praise be to Allah through whose mercy (and favors) all good things are accomplished Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my main supervisor Professor Paul N. Humphreys who gave me the opportunity to work with him and for the continuous support of my PhD study and related research, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. Also, I wish to express my appreciation to my second supervisor, Professor Andy Laws for all the assistance he offered. Without they precious support it would not be possible to conduct this research. Special thanks go to the Government of Libya for providing me with the financial support for this study. I would also like to thank all the laboratory support staff in the School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, for all the support. Sincerely appreciations also go to my family especially, my parents and my virtuous wife Zainab, my son Mohamed and the extended my family, especially my brother Mr. Ahmed Salah. Finally, but by no means least, thanks to all my colleagues in the research group who helped with experience, ideas and discussions during my studies, Dr Simon P Rout, Dr Isaac A Kyeremeh, Dr Christopher J Charles and to all who contributed in diverse ways to make my research at the University of Huddersfield a success.
    [Show full text]