Over-The-Counter Insecticides for Home, Yard and Garden Use 2018 Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq. -
INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401 -
Pesticides EPA 738-R-06-004 Environmental Protection and Toxic Substances June 2006 Agency (7508C) ______Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Pyrethrins
United States Prevention, Pesticides EPA 738-R-06-004 Environmental Protection And Toxic Substances June 2006 Agency (7508C) _________________________________________________________________ Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Pyrethrins List B Case No. 2580 Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document for Pyrethrins Approved by: /S/ . Debra Edwards, Ph. D. Director Special Review and Reregistration Division Date: June 7, 2006 . Page 2 of 108 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 7 I. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 11 II. Chemical Overview........................................................................................................... 12 A. Regulatory History...................................................................................................... 12 B. Chemical Identification .............................................................................................. 13 C. Use Profile.................................................................................................................... 16 1. Pyrethrins Use Profile................................................................................................. 16 III. Summary of Pyrethrins Risk Assessments ............................................................... 17 A. Human Health Risk Assessment............................................................................... -
Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole And
toxins Article Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir 1,2, Ling He 1,2, Changlong Shu 3, Fei Yin 1,2, Jie Zhang 3 and Zhen-Yu Li 1,2,* 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (M.Z.S.); [email protected] (L.H.); [email protected] (F.Y.) 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China 3 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (J.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Concerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.), the most destructive pest of Brassica vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bt GO33A) combined with chlorantraniliprole (Chl) has not been documented. Here, we examined sin- gle and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bt to assess the levels of resistance in four DBM strains. Additionally, enzyme activities were tested in field-original highly resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), chlorantraniliprole-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + chlorantraniliprole-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains. The Bt product had the highest toxicity to all four DBM strains followed by the Citation: Shabbir, M.Z.; He, L.; Shu, mixture of insecticides (Bt + Chl) and chlorantraniliprole. -
Chlorantraniliprole: Reduced-Risk Insecticide for Controlling Insect Pests of Woody Ornamentals with Low Hazard to Bees
242 Redmond and Potter: Acelepryn Control of Horticultural Pests Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 2017. 43(6):242–256 Chlorantraniliprole: Reduced-risk Insecticide for Controlling Insect Pests of Woody Ornamentals with Low Hazard to Bees Carl T. Redmond and Daniel A. Potter Abstract. Landscape professionals need target-selective insecticides for managing insect pests on flowering woody orna- mentals that may be visited by bees and other insect pollinators. Chlorantraniliprole, the first anthranilic diamide insec- ticide registered for use in urban landscapes, selectively targets the receptors that regulate the flow of calcium to control muscle contraction in caterpillars, plant-feeding beetles, and certain other phytophagous insects. Designated a reduced- risk pesticide by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has a favorable toxicological and environmental profile, including very low toxicity to bees and most types of predatory and parasitic insects that contribute to pest sup- pression. Chlorantraniliprole has become a mainstay for managing turfgrass pests, but little has been published concern- ing its performance against the pests of woody ornamentals. Researchers evaluated it against pests spanning five different orders: adult Japanese beetles, evergreen bagworm, eastern tent caterpillar, bristly roseslug sawfly, hawthorn lace bug, ole- ander aphid, boxwood psyllid, oak lecanium scale (crawlers), and boxwood leafminer, using real-world exposure scenarios. Chlorantraniliprole’s efficacy, speed of control, and residual activity as a foliar spray for the leaf-chewing pests was as good, or better, than provided by industry standards, but sprays were ineffective against the sucking pests (lace bugs, aphids, or scales). Basal soil drenches in autumn or spring failed to systemically control boxwood psyllids or leafminers, but autumn drenches did suppress roseslug damage and Japanese beetle feeding the following year. -
Quantitative Determination of Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, and Piperonyl Butoxide in Surface Water by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 6957−6962 6957 Quantitative Determination of Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, and Piperonyl Butoxide in Surface Water by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry MILLION BEKELE WOUDNEH* AXYS Analytical Services Ltd., 2045 Mills Road West, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 3S8, Canada DANIEL RAY OROS San Francisco Estuary Institute, 7770 Pardee Lane, 2nd Floor, Oakland, California 94621 A new method for determination of pyrethroids, pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) by high- resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was developed for surface water samples. The method is based on sampling 100 L of ambient surface water with a solid phase extraction (SPE) technique that uses both wound glass fiber filters for collecting the particulate-associated chemicals and XAD-2 resin for collecting the dissolved chemicals. The method detection limits of the analytes ranged from 0.58 to 8.16 ng/sample, which is equivalent to a detection limit range of 0.0058-0.082 ng/L for a 100 L water sample collected by the SPE technique. The SPE when coupled with HRGC/HRMS was a suitable match for detecting these chemicals at subnanogram per liter ranges that are toxicologically significant to aquatic organisms. To confirm the utility of this method for environmental applications, pyrethroids and PBO were found at subnanogram per liter concentrations in surface water samples collected from five tributaries (primarily urban creeks) of the San Francisco Bay, California. KEYWORDS: Pyrethroids; pesticides; XAD-2; HRGC/HRMS; San Francisco Bay INTRODUCTION by inhibiting a group of enzymes (mixed-function oxidases) that are involved in pyrethroid detoxification, which as a result The decision of the U.S. -
The Fall Armyworm – a Pest of Pasture and Hay
The Fall Armyworm – A Pest of Pasture and Hay. Allen Knutson Extension Entomologist, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Dallas, 2019 revision The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a common pest of bermudagrass, sorghum, corn, wheat and rye grass and many other crops in north and central Texas. Larvae of fall armyworms are green, brown or black with white to yellowish lines running from head to tail. A distinct white line between the eyes forms an inverted “Y” pattern on the face. Four black spots aligned in a square on the top of the segment near the back end of the caterpillar are also characteristic. Armyworms are very small (less than 1/8 inch) at first, cause little plant damage and as a result often go unnoticed. Larvae feed for 2-3 weeks and full grown larvae are about 1 to 1 1/2 inches long. Given their immense appetite, great numbers, and marching ability, fall armyworms can damage entire fields or pastures in a few days. Once the armyworm larva completes feeding, it tunnels into the soil to a depth of about an inch and enters the pupal stage. The armyworm moth emerges from the pupa in about ten days and repeats the life cycle. The fall armyworm moth has a wingspan of about 1 1/2 inches. The front pair of wings is dark gray with an irregular pattern of light and dark areas. Moths are active at night when they feed on nectar and deposit egg masses. A single female can deposit up to 2000 eggs and there are four to five generations per year. -
Impacts of Insecticides on Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus Fallacis (Acari: Phytoseidae) and Mite Flaring of European Red Mites, Panonychus Ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)
IMPACTS OF INSECTICIDES ON PREDATORY MITE, NEOSEIULUS FALLACIS (ACARI: PHYTOSEIDAE) AND MITE FLARING OF EUROPEAN RED MITES, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) By Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Entomology–Doctor of Philosophy 2014 ABSTRACT IMPACTS OF INSECTICIDES ON PREDATORY MITE, NEOSEIULUS FALLACIS (ACARI: PHYTOSEIDAE) AND MITE FLARING OF EUROPEAN RED MITES, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) By Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil Panonychus ulmi, the European red mite, is a major agricultural pest found in most deciduous fruit growing areas. It is the most important mite species attacking tree fruits in humid regions of North America. Bristle-like mouthparts of this mite species pierce the leaf cell wall and ingestion of their contents including chlorophyll causes bronzing injury to leaves. Heavy mite feeding early in the season (late Jun and July) reduce tree growth and yield as well as the fruit bud formation, thereby reduce yields the following year. Biological control of this pest species by predators has been a cornerstone of IPM. Phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) is the most effective predator mite in Michigan apple orchards and provides mid- and late-season biological control of European red mites. Achieving full potential of biological control in tree fruit has been challenging due to the periodic sprays of broad-spectrum insecticides. There have been cases of mite flaring reported by farmers in relation to the reduced-risk (RR) insecticides that were registered in commercial apple production in the past ten years. These insecticides are often used in fruit trees to control key direct pests such as the codling moth. -
And Trans-Acting Variants Contribute to Survivorship in a Na Ve Drosophila Melanogaster Population Exposed to Ryanoid Insec
Cis- and trans-acting variants contribute to survivorship in a naïve Drosophila melanogaster population exposed to ryanoid insecticides Llewellyn Greena, Paul Battlaya, Alexandre Fournier-Levela, Robert T. Gooda, and Charles Robina,1 aSchool of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia Edited by Trudy F. C. Mackay, Clemson University, Raleigh, NC, and approved April 16, 2019 (received for review December 20, 2018) Insecticide resistance is a paradigm of microevolution, and insecti- others that suggest that resistance to this new insecticide class can cides are responsible for the strongest cases of recent selection in arise through other means (9–12). the genome of Drosophila melanogaster.Hereweuseanaïvepop- While Drosophila melanogaster is not a pest or a direct target ulation and a novel insecticide class to examine the ab initio genetic of chlorantraniliprole applications, it is an organism of interest architecture of a potential selective response. Genome-wide associ- for two reasons. Firstly, D. melanogaster has long served as a ation studies (GWAS) of chlorantraniliprole susceptibility reveal var- model for insecticide resistance (13) and its status as a model iation in a gene of major effect, Stretchin Myosin light chain kinase organism more generally means that there is a wide variety of (Strn-Mlck), which we validate with linkage mapping and transgenic tools available to characterize genetic traits (14). Secondly, se- manipulation of gene expression. We propose that allelic variation lective sweep analyses show that insecticides (particularly the in Strn-Mlck alters sensitivity to the calcium depletion attributable organophosphates) have been major selective agents on D. to chlorantraniliprole’s mode of action. -
Chlorantraniliprole (DPX-E2Y45, Rynaxypyr®, Coragen®) a New Diamide Insecticide… 41
Zbornik predavanj in referatov 9. slovenskega posvetovanja o varstvu rastlin z mednarodno udeležbo 39 Nova Gorica, 4.–5. marec 2009 CHLORANTRANILIPROLE (DPX-E2Y45, RYNAXYPYR®, CORAGEN®), A NEW DIAMIDE INSECTICIDE FOR CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH (Cydia pomonella), COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) AND EUROPEAN GRAPEVINE MOTH (Lobesia botrana) Andrea BASSI1, J. L. RISON2, J. A. WILES3 1DuPont Italy Srl 2Du Pont de Nemours (France) SAS 3Du Pont (UK) Limited ABSTRACT Chlorantraniliprole (DPX-E2Y45, Rynaxypyr®, Coragen®) is a new compound by DuPont belonging to a new class of selective insecticides (anthranilic diamides) featuring a novel mode of action (group 28 in the IRAC classification). By activating the insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs) it stimulates the release and depletion of intracellular calcium stores from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, causing impaired muscle regulation, paralysis and ultimately death of sensitive species (Cordova et al. 2006). Extensively tested in the field since 2002, it is registered or next to market introduction in the majority of agricultural countries worldwide. Development in Slovenia is currently focused in foliar applications in apples, potatoes and grapes. In the EU trials, rates of 10-60 g a.s./ha were highly effective on important pests such as: Cydia pomonella, Cydia molesta, Lobesia botrana, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Ostrinia nubilalis and Helicoverpa armigera. The product general features have been presented in previous, referenced papers. It has very low toxicity for mammals (both acute and chronic), high intrinsic activity on target pests, strong ovi- larvicidal and larvicidal properties, long lasting crop protection and no cross-resistance to any existing insecticide. Coragen® demonstrated excellent performance on codling moth and other chewing pests, stability of performance across the different conditions and minimal impact on pollinators, beneficial insects and predatory mites. -
Acute Toxicity of Selected Insecticides and Their Safety to Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Workers Under Laboratory Conditions
Open Access Austin Environmental Sciences Special Article - Pesticides Acute Toxicity of Selected Insecticides and Their Safety to Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Workers Under Laboratory Conditions Abbassy MA1*, Nasr HM1, Abo-yousef HM2 and Dawood RR1 Abstract 1 Department of Plant Protection, Damanhur University, Objectives: The honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is widely used for the Egypt production of honey, wax, pollen, propolis, royal jelly and venom and crop 2Central Laboratory of Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture pollination. Since honey bees can be exposed to insecticides in sprayed flowering and Land Reclamation, Egypt crops, therefore, this study aimed to assess the acute toxicity and safety index *Corresponding author: Moustafa A Abbassy, of five commonly used insecticides to honey bee workers in laboratory. Department of Plant Protection, Damanhur University, Methods: Bees were exposed to the insecticides: Imidacloprid, Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology, Egypt Thiamethoxam, Esfenvalerate, Indoxacarb and Chlorantraniliprole by two Received: May 03, 2020; Accepted: May 25, 2020; methods of exposure: topical application and feeding techniques. LD50 and LC50 Published: June 01, 2020 values for each insecticide to honey bees were determined after 24 and 48 h from treatment. Results: The LD50 values in µg per bee were 0.0018 (indoxacarb), 0.019 (esfenvalerate), 0.024 (thiamethoxam), 0.029 (imidacloprid) and 107.12 -1 (chlorantraniliprole). The LC50 values (mg L ), for each insecticide, were as follows: indoxacarb, 0.091; esfenvalerate, 0.014; thiamethoxam, 0.009; imidacloprid, 0.003 and chlorantraniliprole, 0.026, after 24 h from exposure. In general, the neonicotinoid insecticides were the most toxic to bees by feeding technique, and indoxacarb, esfenvalerate were the most toxic by contact method while chlorantraniliprole had slightly or non- toxic effect by the two methods. -
Pesticide Incident Reporting and Tracking Review Panel
Agency Data 2004 PIRT 2005 Annual Report Pesticide Incident Reporting and Tracking Review Panel December 2005 PIRT Review Panel Representatives We wish to acknowledge and thank our panel representatives for their contributions: Chair Maryanne Guichard, Washington State Department of Health Coordinator Lucy Harter, Washington State Department of Health Members Ann Wick, Washington State Department of Agriculture Maria Victoria Peeler, Washington State Department of Ecology Vacant, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Dorothy Tibbetts, Washington State Department of Health Gabrielle Toutonghi, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries Karen Ripley, Washington State Department of Natural Resources Alice Larson, PhD, General Public Steve Gilbert, PhD, DABT, Practicing Toxicologist Matthew Keifer, MD, MPH, University of Washington William Robertson, MD, Washington Poison Center Allan Felsot, PhD, Washington State University Pesticide Incident Reporting and Tracking Review Panel Annual Report A report to the legislature as required by Chapter 380, Laws of 1989, and RCW 70.104. December 2005 DOH 333-175 December 2005 To obtain copies or for additional information, see www.doh.wa.gov/pesticidecontact. This annual report is available online at www.doh.wa.gov/DataandStatisticalReports/EnvironmentalHealth/Pesticides.aspx. Report suspected pesticide-related illness to the Washington State Department of Health at 1-877-485-7316 or the Washington Poison Center at 1-800-222-1222. For people with disabilities, this document is available