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The Cathedral and the Bazaar Eric Steven Raymond Thyrsus Enterprises [
The Cathedral and the Bazaar Eric Steven Raymond Thyrsus Enterprises [http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/] <[email protected]> This is version 3.0 Copyright © 2000 Eric S. Raymond Copyright Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Open Publication License, version 2.0. $Date: 2002/08/02 09:02:14 $ Revision History Revision1.57 11September2000 esr New major section “How Many Eyeballs Tame Complexity”. Revision1.52 28August2000 esr MATLAB is a reinforcing parallel to Emacs. Corbatoó & Vyssotsky got it in 1965. Revision1.51 24August2000 esr First DocBook version. Minor updates to Fall 2000 on the time-sensitive material. Revision1.49 5May2000 esr Added the HBS note on deadlines and scheduling. Revision1.51 31August1999 esr This the version that O’Reilly printed in the first edition of the book. Revision1.45 8August1999 esr Added the endnotes on the Snafu Principle, (pre)historical examples of bazaar development, and originality in the bazaar. Revision 1.44 29 July 1999 esr Added the “On Management and the Maginot Line” section, some insights about the usefulness of bazaars for exploring design space, and substantially improved the Epilog. Revision1.40 20Nov1998 esr Added a correction of Brooks based on the Halloween Documents. Revision 1.39 28 July 1998 esr I removed Paul Eggert’s ’graph on GPL vs. bazaar in response to cogent aguments from RMS on Revision1.31 February101998 esr Added “Epilog: Netscape Embraces the Bazaar!” Revision1.29 February91998 esr Changed “free software” to “open source”. Revision1.27 18November1997 esr Added the Perl Conference anecdote. Revision 1.20 7 July 1997 esr Added the bibliography. -
Introductory Lecture & FLOSS
Introductory Lecture & FLOSS Lecture 1 TU Wien, 193.067 Free and Open Technologies (WS 2019/2020) Christoph Derndorfer and Lukas F. Lang This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Introduction Organization ● Lectures: ○ Weekly lecture to cover course materials (until Christmas) ○ Lectures take place on Tuesdays, 17:00–19:00, Argentinierstraße 8, Seminarraum/Bibliothek 194-05 ○ Attendance is mandatory ● Group project: ○ In groups of 4 students ○ 3 meetings with lecturers during the semester (week 44/2019, week 48/2019, week 2/2020) ○ Final presentations at the end of January (week 4/2020) ● Final paper: ○ In groups of 2 students ○ Final presentations at the end of January (week 5/2020) ○ Deadline: Sunday, February 9, 2020, 23:59 CET (no exceptions!) Organization ● Grading: ○ 50% group project ○ 35% seminar paper ○ 15% participation during lectures ○ All course components need to be passed in order to pass the overall course! ● Course materials: ○ Will be provided at https://free-and-open-technologies.github.io ● For further questions: ○ Email [email protected] and [email protected] Lecture outline 1. FLOSS (Free/Libre and Open Source Software) 2. Open Hardware 3. Open Data 4. Open Content/Open Educational Resources 5. Open Science/Research 6. Open Access 7. Open Spaces/Open Practices: Metalab Vienna 8. Guest Lecture: Stefanie Wuschitz (Mz* Baltazar’s Lab) Group project ● Goal: ○ Extend, contribute to, or create a new open project within scope of lecture topics ● Choose topic from a list (see course website) or (even better) suggest your own: ○ Groups of 4 students ○ Send a 1-page proposal until Friday, October 25, via email to both lecturers ■ Define the idea, goal, (potential) impact, requirements, and estimated effort ■ State deliverables (should be broken down into three milestones to discuss in meetings) ● Requirements: ○ Open and accessible (Git repository, openly licensed) → others can access/use/study/extend ○ Use time sheet to track and compare estimated vs. -
Incorporating the Commons: a Political Economic Analysis
INCORPORATING THE COMMONS: A POLITICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE INVOLVEMENT IN FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE by BENJAMIN J. BIRKINBINE A DISSERTATION Presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2014 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Benjamin J. Birkinbine Title: Incorporating the Commons: A Political Economic Analysis of Corporate Involvement in Free and Open Source Software This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the School of Journalism and Communication by: Dr. Janet Wasko Chairperson Dr. Biswarup Sen Core Member Dr. Gabriela Martinez Core Member Eric Priest, J.D. Institutional Representative and J. Andrew Berglund Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2014 ii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Benjamin J. Birkinbine Doctor of Philosophy School of Journalism and Communication September 2014 Title: Incorporating the Commons: A Political Economic Analysis of Corporate Involvement in Free and Open Source Software Free (libre) and open source software (FLOSS) emerged in the 1980s as a radical alternative to proprietary software. Fighting back against what FLOSS enthusiasts viewed as overly restrictive intellectual property protections placed on proprietary software, FLOSS was designed with the intent of granting users the right to study, modify, adapt, or otherwise tinker with the source code of software. As such, FLOSS users were able to collaborate in producing software that could be distributed freely and widely to others, who could, in turn, make changes to the software. -
Copy, Rip, Burn : the Politics of Copyleft and Open Source
Copy, Rip, Burn Berry 00 pre i 5/8/08 12:05:39 Berry 00 pre ii 5/8/08 12:05:39 Copy, Rip, Burn The Politics of Copyleft and Open Source DAVID M. BERRY PLUTO PRESS www.plutobooks.com Berry 00 pre iii 5/8/08 12:05:39 First published 2008 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA www.plutobooks.com Copyright © David M. Berry 2008 The right of David M. Berry to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7453 2415 9 Hardback ISBN 978 0 7453 2414 2 Paperback Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental standards of the country of origin. The paper may contain up to 70% post consumer waste. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services Ltd, Sidmouth, EX10 9QG, England Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton Printed and bound in the European Union by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne Berry 00 pre iv 5/8/08 12:05:41 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ix Preface x 1. The Canary in the Mine 1 2. The Information Society 41 3. -
Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, Or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers!
Translations available: Czech | French | Japanese | Spanish Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers! David A. Wheeler http://www.dwheeler.com/contactme.html Revised as of July 18, 2015 This paper (and its supporting database) provides quantitative data that, in many cases, using open source software / free software (abbreviated as OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS) is a reasonable or even superior approach to using their proprietary competition according to various measures. This paper’s goal is to show that you should consider using OSS/FS when acquiring software. This paper examines popularity, reliability, performance, scalability, security, and total cost of ownership. It also has sections on non-quantitative issues, unnecessary fears, OSS/FS on the desktop, usage reports, governments and OSS/FS, other sites providing related information, and ends with some conclusions. An appendix gives more background information about OSS/FS. You can view this paper at http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html (HTML format). A short presentation (briefing) based on this paper is also available. Palm PDA users may wish to use Plucker to view this longer report. Old archived copies and a list of changes are also available. 1. Introduction Open Source Software / Free Software (aka OSS/FS), also described as Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS), has risen to great prominence. Briefly, FLOSS programs are programs whose licenses give users the freedom to run the program for any purpose, to study and modify the program, and to redistribute copies of either the original or modified program (without having to pay royalties to previous developers). -
An Investigation of How Commercial Software Companies Should React to Open Source Software
An Investigation of How Commercial Software Companies Should React to Open Source Software UW CSEP 590 TU Course Project December 10, 2004 Patrick Haluptzok, Bipin Karunakaran, Rodrick Megraw, Magdalene Tatum, James Welle, and Song Xue Abstract Open source software began as the hobby of a small number of programmers and has developed today into a worldwide phenomenon that is a viable economic alternative to proprietary software. As a proprietary software company, it is essential that you understand open source and how to interact with this type of software. You may choose to compete with open source or embrace it into your business model, but ignoring open source is not a viable option. We present this paper as a guide to open source software. First, we discuss what open source is and explain its history. We also explain the general advantages and disadvantages of open source software. Second, we explain the myriad of open source licenses and how they work. Next, we discuss how your workforce can safely and effectively coexist and interact with open source software. In the fourth section of the paper, we discuss the different open source business models and the benefits of each. Fifth, we discuss the specific legal issues involved with open source software and we highlight the recent SCO litigation. Finally, we present a case study on Microsoft Windows and other proprietary platforms and investigate how they have reacted to the open source phenomenon. We also investigate possible open source strategies for the Windows operating system. Haluptzok, Karunakaran, Megraw, Tatum, Welle, and Xue 2 0 Table of Contents 0 Table of Contents....................................................................................................... -
Adventures in Software Licensing: Sco V. Ibm and the Future of the Open Source Model
ADVENTURES IN SOFTWARE LICENSING: SCO V. IBM AND THE FUTURE OF THE OPEN SOURCE MODEL ANDREW LAFONTAINE INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 450 I. COPYRIGHTS AND LICENSING ................................................ 452 A. The Basics........................................................................... 452 B. Computer Software ............................................................ 454 1. The Special Problem of Derivative Works................... 455 2. Sublicensing .................................................................. 456 II. OPEN SOURCE VERSUS PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE............... 457 A. Two Alternative Models of Software Development........... 457 B. Open Source Licensing ...................................................... 461 1. The General Public License and ‘‘Copyleft’’................. 461 2. Does Open Source Necessarily Imply Copyleft? .......... 463 III. PUTTING THE DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT MODELS INTO PRACTICE: UNIX AND LINUX......................................... 464 A. General Background........................................................... 464 B. IBM, AIX, and Sequent ..................................................... 465 C. The Convoluted History of the SCO Group..................... 466 1. The Santa-Cruz Operation........................................... 466 2. Novell, Caldera, and the SCO Group .......................... 467 D. Linux................................................................................... 467 IV. -
The Cathedral and the Bazaar
,title.21657 Page i Friday, December 22, 2000 5:39 PM The Cathedral and the Bazaar Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary ,title.21657 Page ii Friday, December 22, 2000 5:39 PM ,title.21657 Page iii Friday, December 22, 2000 5:39 PM The Cathedral and the Bazaar Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary Eric S. Raymond with a foreword by Bob Young BEIJING • CAMBRIDGE • FARNHAM • KÖLN • PARIS • SEBASTOPOL • TAIPEI • TOKYO ,copyright.21302 Page iv Friday, December 22, 2000 5:38 PM The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, Revised Edition by Eric S. Raymond Copyright © 1999, 2001 by Eric S. Raymond. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 101 Morris Street, Sebastopol, CA 95472. Editor: Tim O’Reilly Production Editor: Sarah Jane Shangraw Cover Art Director/Designer: Edie Freedman Interior Designers: Edie Freedman, David Futato, and Melanie Wang Printing History: October 1999: First Edition January 2001: Revised Edition This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later. (The latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/.) Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. Distribution of the work or derivatives of the work in any standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder. The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. -
Open Source Software Development Thesis for Senior Honors At
Open Source Software Development Thesis for Senior Honors at Brandeis University ∗ Robert L. Greenberg May 9, 2003 This thesis is written for graduation honors in the Department of Economics at Brandeis University. In this thesis I hope to explain from an economic perspective how Open Source Software Development works. In doing so I examined the current literature available and historical examples and I developed case studies on instances in the Open Source and business communities where this form of development has become prevalent. All errors are that of the author. © 2003-05 Robert L. Greenberg. All rights reserved. ∗ Undergraduate at Brandeis University in the Dept. of Economics. Special thanks go to Prof. Anne P. Carter of Brandeis University for her guidance and advice. Greenberg 2003, i Table of Contents and Summary I. Introduction..............................................................................................................page 1 Herein the basic question is posed, “How does Open Source Software Development work in the context of current economic theory?” II. Definitions of Terms in Open Source Development..............................................page 1 Herein many important terms are defined and explained. Many terms referenced throughout the thesis are unique to the theories of Open Source or have differing definitions within this context. The philosophies of Open Source and Free Software are discussed. What terms such as intellectual property, licensing, Linux, and Linux distributions mean within this context are explained. III. Examination of Open Source Licenses.................................................................page 9 Open Source Software is licensed under varying terms. The two most common Open Source licenses are the Free Software Foundation’s GNU General Public License (GPL) and the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) License.