Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Ubicomp
Ubiquitous Computing
Motes and Smart Dust Sensor Networks
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Smart Dust
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
The goal of the Smart Dust project is to build a self-contained, millimeter- scale sensing and communication platform for a massively distributed sensor network. This device will be around the size of a grain of sand and will contain sensors, computational ability, bi-directional wireless communications, and a power supply, while being inexpensive enough to deploy by the hundreds. The science and engineering goal of the project is to build a complete, complex system in a tiny volume using state-of-the art technologies (as opposed to futuristic technologies), which will require evolutionary and revolutionary advances in integration, miniaturization, and energy management. Applications for this technology:
• Weather/seismological monitoring on Mars • Internal spacecraft monitoring • Land/space comm. networks • Chemical/biological sensors • Weapons stockpile monitoring • Defense-related sensor networks • Inventory Control • Product quality monitoring • Smart office spaces • Sports - sailing, balls
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
SMART DUST Autonomous sensing and communication in a cubic millimeter
Supported by the DARPA/MTO MEMS program
http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
SMART DUST
"The invincible" by Stanislaw Lem (1964)
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
SMART DUST
Kristofer S. J. Pister Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC) University of California, Berkeley
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Ref.: http://www.dust-inc.com Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
"The two figures above represent where we are and where we'd like to be. On the left is where we hope to be in July of '01 - a cubic millimeter device with a sensor, power supply, analog circuitry, bidirectional optical communication, and a programmable microprocessor. On the right is where we are now (July '99) - a (currently) non-functional mote with a volume of about 100 cubic millimeters. There are two silicon chips sitting on a type-5 hearing aid battery. The right chip is a MEMS corner cube optical transmitter array - it works. On the right is a CMOS ASIC with an optical receiver, charge pump, and simple digital controller - it doesn't work (we violated some of the design rules in the 0.25 micron process, but the next one should work)." http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Properties of Smart Dust: Ø Remain Suspended in air Ø Buoyed by air currents Ø Can sense and communicate for many hours/days
Integrated into Smart Dust Motes: Ø MEMS sensors Ø Signal processing and control circuitry Ø Power source and solar cells Ø Laser diode and MEMS mirror for active optical communication Ø Retroreflector and optical receiver for passive optical communication
http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Components: • MEMS sensors • Signal processing and control circuitry • Power source and solar cells • Laser diode and MEMS mirror for active optical communication • Retroreflector and optical receiver for passive communication
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Ref.: http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/index.html
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Diagram of a CMOS ASIC circuit. Optical input from the base station is used as the system clock to generate pseudorandom data.
Ref.: PRELIMINARY CIRCUITS FOR SMART DUST Bryan Atwood, Brett Warneke, and Kristofer S. J. Pister Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, Dept. Of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik CCR Interogator
Top View of the Interrogator Quarter-wave Filter Polarizing Plate Beamsplitter
CCD Camera Lens
0.25% reflectance on each surface
Frequency-Doubled Beam YAG Green Laser Expander 45o mirror
Ref.: http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik CCR Interogator
Demonstration of MEMS optical communication.
Laser light illuminates a number of macro-motes with MEMS corner cubes on-board. The laser enables communication from the base-station to the motes, and the motes communicate back to the base station by modulating their reflectivity using the MEMS corner cube. This particular system has transmitted temperature sensor data in the laboratory. Similar corner cubes have been used before to communicate over 150m distance, and up to 1km should be possible.
Ref.: http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Microfabricated corner-cube retroreflector, consisting of three gold-coated polysilicon mirrors. The base mirror can be deflected electrostatically, modulating the optical signal reflected from the device.
P. B. Chu et al., "Optical communication using micro corner cube reflectors," Proc. EEE MEMS Workshop, Nagoya, Japan, Jan. 1997, pp. 350–355.
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
First MicroMote Attempt: The photo shows the three components of the initial, nonfunctional attempt: a MUMPS chip containing four corner cube reflectors, shown on the right, for communication; a CMOS ASIC (left) for control; and a hearing aid battery for power. The total volume of the mote is under 100 mm3.
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart-Dust Nodes
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Mote
Solar powered mote with bi- directional communications and sensing (acceleration and ambient light) -- same CMOS ASIC as Golem Dust with with a custom process to integrate solar cells, CCR, accelerometer, and high voltage FETs 6.6 mm3 total circumscribed volume
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Golem Dust
Golem Dust solar powered mote with bi-directional communications and sensing (acceleration and ambient light) 11.7 mm3 total circumscribed volume ~4.8 mm3 total displaced volume
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Golem Dust
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Daft Dust
Daft Dust 63 mm3 bi-directional communication mote
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Daft Dust
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Flashy Dust
Flashy Dust 138 mm3 uni-directional communication and sensing (ambient light) mote
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Daft Dust
This mote has four CCRs facing towards each quadrant for better hemispherical coverage
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
http://www.nanotech-now.com/smartdust.htm
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
Conclusion:
Smart dust relies on the convergence of three key technologies: • Digital circuitry • Laser-driven wireless communications • MEMS (Micro ElectroMechanical Systems)
Kris Pister: "In 2010 MEMS sensors will be everywhere, and sensing virtually everything. Scavenging power from sunlight, vibration, thermal gradients, and background RF, sensors motes will be immortal, completely self contained, single chip computers with sensing, communication, and power supply built in. Entirely solid state, and with no natural decay processes, they may well survive the human race."
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Cots Dust
Reality: Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components Dust
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Cots Dust
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Smart Dust
"Smart dust" particles
Smart dust is the name researchers have given to the idea of having handfuls of tiny, cheap sensors called motes that can be scattered around to measure all manner of things in the environment, from chemicals in the soil to scents in the air. So far, the motes that are the size of dust particles aren't that smart, and the smart ones are far bigger than dust, as Michael Sailor puts it. But Sailor, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, and many other researchers are working on making the smallest motes smarter. Sailor's group develops sensors less than a hair's breadth across. But each small device can do only one simple job: detect a certain chemical. Video
http://chem-faculty.ucsd.edu/sailor/research/highlights.html Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Dust Networks
Dust Networks’ SmartMesh-XD System-on-Chip (SoC):
• Mote-on-Chip™ (MoC). • MoC-based motes and managers in standards-based IEEE 802.15.4 compliant, 2.4 GHz and narrow-band 900 MHz versions.
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Dust Networks
The 2.4GHz SmartMesh IA-510 system consists of the PM2510 embedded network manager, which is easily integrated into WirelessHART gateway solutions, and two mote form factors: • the DN2510 MoC integrated in a 12mm x 12mm system-in-package (SiP) and • the M2510 RF-certified mote module.
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Hart
HART Communication Foundation and ISA Agree on Path toward Integrating WirelessHART with ISA100
(Austin, Texas, 25 October 2007) – HART® Communication Foundation (HCF) Executive Director Ron Helson and representatives of HCF member companies met with the ISA100 Wireless Systems for Automation Standards committee during ISA 2007 (2-4 October, Houston, Texas) to assist in outlining an approach to accommodate and eventually integrate the new WirelessHART™ Communication standard and the developing ISA100 standard. The agreed upon approach will attempt to accommodate the HART 7 wireless protocol in Release 1 of the ISA100.11a standard through a dual- gateway architecture, followed by a potentially more integrated approach in Release 2 of the ISA standard.
http://www.hartcomm2.org/hcf/press/pr2007/hcf_isa_agree.html Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Dust Networks Application: Security: Small to Medium Commercial Property
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Dust Networks Application: Medicine: Sensors inside the human body
Circulatory Net
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert Fachbereich Informatik und Elektrotechnik Dust Networks
Video
Oceanit MEMS Drop Sensors
Oceanit Sense Through The Wall (STTW)
Ubiquitous Computing, Helmut Dispert