The Attorney General's 4Th Annual Report To
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James Reeb.When Uus and Justice Meet
1 Part I. Introduction: When UUs and History Meet In the summer of 2006, while I was a seminarian at Meadville Lombard Theological School in Chicago, I had the opportunity to join the recently retired Reverend Gordon Gibson, his wife Judy, and thirty fellow UU ministers and ministers-in-training, for a tour of the deep south. Gordon named it a Southern Civil Rights Tour. In the mid-1960s, Reverend Gibson’s first ministerial call was to the UU church in Jackson Mississippi. During the years he and Judy lived and worked in Mississippi, they had the opportunity to meet and work with many of the leaders of and participants in the Civil Rights Movement who had been every degree of activists, some since the 1950s. Many of these men and women had grandparents who were slaves, and parents who grew up in the post-Civil War South and the reality of Jim Crow. Every black person we met, including our bus driver Joseph, were ‘foot soldiers’ during those turbulent times. All generations of local residents marched, were arrested, were chased by the KKK, were beaten and even killed, but they never gave up trying to register at their local courthouse so they could vote. Our 8-day itinerary would take us to Nashville; then to Birmingham and the 16th Avenue Baptist Church where we attended the Sunday service with folks who were there on April 29, 1963, when the four elementary school girls were putting on their choir robes for church and were suddenly blown apart by a KKK bomb; to Marion Mississippi (the childhood home of Coretta Scott King); to Selma and -
“A Tremor in the Middle of the Iceberg”: the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Local Voting Rights Activism in Mccomb, Mississippi, 1928-1964
“A Tremor in the Middle of the Iceberg”: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Local Voting Rights Activism in McComb, Mississippi, 1928-1964 Alec Ramsay-Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN April 1, 2016 Advised by Professor Howard Brick For Dana Lynn Ramsay, I would not be here without your love and wisdom, And I miss you more every day. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... ii Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: McComb and the Beginnings of Voter Registration .......................... 10 Chapter Two: SNCC and the 1961 McComb Voter Registration Drive .................. 45 Chapter Three: The Aftermath of the McComb Registration Drive ........................ 78 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 102 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 119 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I could not have done this without my twin sister Hunter Ramsay-Smith, who has been a constant source of support and would listen to me rant for hours about documents I would find or things I would learn in the course of my research for the McComb registration -
The Attorney General's Ninth Annual Report to Congress Pursuant to The
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S NINTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS PURSUANT TO THE EMMETT TILL UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS CRIME ACT OF 2007 AND THIRD ANNUALREPORT TO CONGRESS PURSUANT TO THE EMMETT TILL UNSOLVEDCIVIL RIGHTS CRIMES REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2016 March 1, 2021 INTRODUCTION This is the ninth annual Report (Report) submitted to Congress pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act of2007 (Till Act or Act), 1 as well as the third Report submitted pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Reauthorization Act of 2016 (Reauthorization Act). 2 This Report includes information about the Department of Justice's (Department) activities in the time period since the eighth Till Act Report, and second Reauthorization Report, which was dated June 2019. Section I of this Report summarizes the historical efforts of the Department to prosecute cases involving racial violence and describes the genesis of its Cold Case Int~~ative. It also provides an overview ofthe factual and legal challenges that federal prosecutors face in their "efforts to secure justice in unsolved Civil Rights-era homicides. Section II ofthe Report presents the progress made since the last Report. It includes a chart ofthe progress made on cases reported under the initial Till Act and under the Reauthorization Act. Section III of the Report provides a brief overview of the cases the Department has closed or referred for preliminary investigation since its last Report. Case closing memoranda written by Department attorneys are available on the Department's website: https://www.justice.gov/crt/civil-rights-division-emmett till-act-cold-ca e-clo ing-memoranda. -
2.13. La Llei Dels Drets Civils I Del Dret a Vot 13
Facultat de Ciències de la Comunicació Treball de fi de grau Títol Autor/a Tutor/a Grau Data Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Facultat de Ciències de la Comunicació Full Resum del TFG Títol del Treball Fi de Grau: Autor/a: Tutor/a: Any: Titulació: Paraules clau (mínim 3) Català: Castellà: Anglès: Resum del Treball Fi de Grau (extensió màxima 100 paraules) Català: Castellà: Anglès Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona “The story of the Negro in America is the story of America. It is not a pretty story.” James Baldwin Agraïments A Cristina Cifuentes i a Bob l’Estatut 1. INTRODUCCIÓ 4 2. MARC TEÒRIC 5 2.1. L’ESCLAVISME 5 2.2. LA GUERRA DE SECESSIÓ 5 2.3. LA RECONSTRUCCIÓ 6 2.4. L’IMPERI JIM CROW 7 2.5. L’ESTIU VERMELL DE 1919 8 2.6. LA GRAN DEPRESSIÓ 9 2.7. LA SEGONA GUERRA MUNDIAL 9 2.8. DESPRÉS DE LA II GUERRA MUNDIAL 10 2.9. L’INCIPIENT MOVIMENT 11 2.10. EL MOVIMENT I LA NO-VIOLÈNCIA 11 2.11. EL MOVIMENT ES CONSOLIDA 12 2.12. LA MARXA SOBRE WASHINGTON 13 2.13. LA LLEI DELS DRETS CIVILS I DEL DRET A VOT 13 2.14. EL PODER NEGRE 14 2.15. L’ASSASSINAT DEL LÍDER 16 2.16. L’ORFANDAT 17 3. METODOLOGIA 18 3.1. OBJECTE D’ESTUDI 18 3.2. OBJECTIUS 18 3.3. PREGUNTES D’INVESTIGACIÓ 18 3.4. MÈTODE 18 3.5. MOSTRA 21 3.6. LIMITACIONS 22 4. INVESTIGACIÓ 23 4.1. ANÀLISI MOSTRA GENERAL 23 4.2. -
Freedom Movement Memories by Peter Kellman
Sunday, February 8, 2015 Freedom Movement Memories by Peter Kellman It will soon be 50 years since I took a bus to Selma, Alabama. I was 19 years old. A few months earlier I had moved to an old farm in Voluntown, Connecticut, which was run by a peace activist organization called the New England Committee for Non-violent Action (CNVA). CNVA’s focus at the time was stopping the War in Vietnam. I was sent out with others to speak and protest against the War. I was sent down to Washington to organize demonstrations when the bombing of North Vietnam by our government began. On returning from Washington, CNVA received a call asking for people to go down to Selma, Alabama. As part of Voting Rights organizing project in Alabama, Jimmie Lee Jackson, an SCLC organizer, was murdered by a state trooper on February 18, 1965. Following Jimmie Lee Jackson’s murder a call went out (mainly to clergy) to come to Selma to help give visibility to the struggle there. A march from Selma to Montgomery to protest the slaying of Jimmie Lee Jackson was called. One who answered the call was Unitarian minister named James Reeb. The march, known as Bloody Sunday, took place on March 7th. A few days later, Rev. Reeb was beaten in downtown Selma and died March 11th. Another call went out for people to come to Selma. CNVA responded by sending me. I was given bus money and asked to go to Selma and represent CNVA. On the way down I was told to stop in New York City to talk to Bayard Rustin and get some advice about going south. -
Mississippi Freedom Summer: Compromising Safety in the Midst of Conflict
Mississippi Freedom Summer: Compromising Safety in the Midst of Conflict Chu-Yin Weng and Joanna Chen Junior Division Group Documentary Process Paper Word Count: 494 This year, we started school by learning about the Civil Rights Movement in our social studies class. We were fascinated by the events that happened during this time of discrimination and segregation, and saddened by the violence and intimidation used by many to oppress African Americans and deny them their Constitutional rights. When we learned about the Mississippi Summer Project of 1964, we were inspired and shocked that there were many people who were willing to compromise their personal safety during this conflict in order to achieve political equality for African Americans in Mississippi. To learn more, we read the book, The Freedom Summer Murders, by Don Mitchell. The story of these volunteers remained with us, and when this year’s theme of “Conflict and Compromise” was introduced, we thought that the topic was a perfect match and a great opportunity for us to learn more. This is also a meaningful topic because of the current state of race relations in America. Though much progress has been made, events over the last few years, including a 2013 Supreme Court decision that could impact voting rights, show the nation still has a way to go toward achieving full racial equality. In addition to reading The Freedom Summer Murders, we used many databases and research tools provided by our school to gather more information. We also used various websites and documentaries, such as PBS American Experience, Library Of Congress, and Eyes on the Prize. -
The Crucible
AISOCC Quarterly Newsletter: January, 2018 The Crucible The American Investigative Society of Cold Cases is a non-profit, volunteer based organization of professional investigators whose sole mission is to assist law enforcement agencies in solving cold cases. AISOCC Review Board and Consulting Committee Members review cold cases across the following categories: investigatory, legal, forensic science, behavioral science, medicolegal, and others as they apply per case. Collectively, AISOCC offers advice and suggestions for how to get over “the hump” many cold cases present. Law enforcement agencies are welcome to contact AISOCC to schedule case review. AISOCC’s Mission To actively investigate unsolved cold cases and assist law enforcement and the victims’ families in their quest for truth and justice by using factual scientific evidence and applied forensic criminological means in order to hold the responsible party(s) accountable. www.AISOCC.com 1 AISOCC Quarterly Newsletter: January, 2018 The Crucible In This Issue A Message from your President Kenneth Mains A Message from your Vice President Christopher Kunkle Featured Books John Liebert AISOCC Members Out and About The Hunt For The Zodiac Killer Kelly Ayers Training Opportunities Arizona’s Cold Case Conference 2018 AISOCC Annual Educational Conference Membership Renewals Reminder Journal of Cold Case Review Reminder Membership Info 2 AISOCC Quarterly Newsletter: January, 2018 The Crucible A Message From Your President Dear AISOCC Members – 2017 is now in our rearview mirror as we look forward to 2018 and the changes we can bring to stagnate cases. We will also continue to improve the organization of electronic files from law enforcement so that it is easier to review. -
Jimmie Lee Jackson and the Events in Selma
Jimmie Lee Jackson and the Events in Selma On the night of February 18, 1965 a group of African-Americans gathered at a church in Marion, Alabama. Among those individuals at Zion's Chapel Methodist Church was Jimmie Lee Jackson, a Vietnam-War veteran. Fighting for his country, however, was not enough in the segregated South for 29-year-old Jimmie Lee to vote. He had tried to register, for several years, but there was always some reason during the Jim-Crow era to keep him from becoming a registered voter. Inspired by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., people in Marion—a town close to Selma—met to talk about how to change things. Why should American citizens be denied the right to vote when the U.S. Constitution allowed it? There was a special purpose for the gathering on February 18th. A young civil-rights activist named James Orange, a field secretary for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, was incarcerated at the Perry County jail. Cordy Tindell ("C. T.") Vivian, a close friend of Dr. King, was planning to lead a group of around 500 peaceful protesters on a walk to the nearby jail. When the marchers reached the post office, they were met by Marion City police officers, sheriff's deputies and Alabama State Troopers who’d formed a line preventing the protestors from moving forward. Somehow the street lights were turned off (to this day it’s not clear how that happened). Under cover of darkness, the police started to beat the marching protestors. Among the injured were Richard Valeriani, a White-House journalist for NBC News, and two cameramen who worked for United Press International. -
Civil Rights and Working-Class Pottstown, Pennsylvania, 1941-1
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: “JIM CROW, YANKEE STYLE”: CIVIL RIGHTS AND WORKING-CLASS POTTSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, 1941-1969. Matthew G. Washington, Doctor of Philosophy, May 2019. Dissertation Chair: David Taft Terry, Ph.D. Department of History, Geography, and Museum Studies Between 1941 and 1969, activists in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, a small working- class borough in Montgomery County, organized and conducted African-American civil rights work. Through the efforts of organizations like the Pottstown NAACP, YMCA, Pottstown Civic League, and the Pottstown Committee on Human Relations, African American and white civil rights activists coordinated such black-centered activism. Also important to these efforts toward combating racial inequality was the advocacy of the town’s major newspaper, the Pottstown Mercury. Although Pottstown, which sits approximately forty miles to the northwest of Philadelphia, was not a large city, this dissertation will demonstrate that it served as an important locale of civil rights activism all the same. Indeed, Pottstown activists’ work and influence even had national impact. By conceptualizing Pottstown as such, this dissertation strays from a dominant interpretive approach utilized by scholarship that examines civil rights work in the twentieth-century urban North. Generally speaking, these studies have stressed large northern cities as the principal centers of civil rights activism. Yet, as this dissertation asserts, if Pottstown never exceeded 27,000 residents from 1941 to 1969, like other small locales in the North, its impact on the nation’s civil rights history was outsized. “JIM CROW, YANKEE STYLE”: CIVIL RIGHTS AND WORKING-CLASS POTTSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, 1941-1969. by Matthew G. Washington A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY May 2019 ii “JIM CROW, YANKEE STYLE”: CIVIL RIGHTS AND WORKING-CLASS POTTSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, 1941-1969. -
Us Department of Justice
u.s. Department of Justice Office of Legislat ive Affairs Oflice of the Assistant Attorney Ge neral Washil1grull. D.C 20530 NOV 09 2012 The Honorable Joseph R. Biden, Jr. President of the Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 Dear Mr. President: Pursuant to the Emmett Ti ll Unsolved Civil Ri ghts Cri mes Act of2007 (P.L. 110-3 44), we are pleased to transmit to you a report to Congress on the Department 's activities regarding civil rights era homicides. Please do not hesi tate to contact this office if we may be of additional assistance regarding thi s or any other matter. Sincerely, Jct:.Le~ Acting Assistant Attorney General Enclosure u.s. Department of Justice Office of Legislative Affairs Offi!.:e o f the Assistant Allomey Gl:m:nll Wushingtoll. /J,e. 10530 NOV 09 2012 The Honorable Harry Reid Majority Leader United States Senate Washington, D.c' 20510 Dear Mr. Leader: Pursuanllo the Emmett Ti ll Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Act of2007 (P.L. 110-344), we are pleased to transmit to you a report to Congress on the Department's activities regarding civil rights era homicides. Please do not hesi tate to contact this office if we may be of additional assistance regarding this or any other matter. Sincerely, JJ:;A::el~ Acting Assistant Attorney General Enclosure U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legislat ive Affairs Onice of the A ssi~ t a nt /llIome) Genel'lll Wos/tmgtQrI. J) C 10530 NOV 09 lOll The Honorable Mitch McConnell Minority Leader United States Senate Washington, D.C. -
Emmett Till Cold Case Investigation and Training and Technical Assistance Program” Hosted by the Bureau of Justice Assistance
MARY JO GIOVACCHINI: Good afternoon everybody and welcome to today's webinar “Emmett Till Cold Case Investigation and Training and Technical Assistance Program” hosted by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. At this time, I'd like to introduce today's presenters: Elizabeth Griffith, Associate Deputy Director with the Bureau of Justice Assistance; Barbara Kay Bosserman, Deputy Chief of the Cold Case Unit and Senior Legal Counsel with the U.S. Department of Justice; LaShunda Williams, Supervisory Special Agent Civil Rights Division within the Bureau of—in the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and Gerri Ratliff, Acting Director for Community Relations Service within the Department of Justice. At this time I'm going to turn the presentation over to Betsi Griffith. ELIZABETH GRIFFITH: Good afternoon and thank you. I'm Betsi Griffith from the Bureau of Justice Assistance. I just want to lay out here the agenda for today. We're going to spend a little bit of time talking about the agency who's offering this opportunity, the Bureau of Justice Assistance where I work, talk a little bit about the particular opportunity including eligibility and grant-related information, and some background on how we review our applications to assist you in applying. This project has—is really building on the foundation of some tremendous work that's been happening across the Department over the last decade so I really want to turn it over to subject matter expertise that can kind of give you that context and are available to work with sites that receive funding or generally have an interest in this work so I wanted you all to be aware of that, and then we'll close with a few minutes around, you know, just logistics of both things that we've learned from experience you want to keep an eye out for as you apply as well as to talk briefly about our new Grants Management System, and answer question and—answer any questions you have. -
Mississippi's Unknown Murder, Undated
\. Jerry Dalluth approx. 2,000 !'lords Box 9036 - station B • Atlanta, Georgia 30314 bi>~ °6~ ~ :Jco"'O f ..,\:, h .r"c.J .;... NI,i,J S " ..,¼ 71( ,s V'~ Vl.o=t),..,~ IIS i.aJ . Mis 11111s 1 pp1 1 s t:Tnknow.nMurder by H. Julian Bond and U:erry DeMuth 'Ille cmmtry well knows of tbe slaying of Misaiseippi Negro James Cheney. fie was ldll,sd with two 'llh.ite New Yorkers, Michael Scl'fflerner and A.ndrew Goodman, and tn\lS his death co11ld not be ignored, 'lhe previous ye1U", the nation co~ld not ignore the slaying of 'ledgar Evers outside hls .rackaon, i11asissippi, hom.e, Z,,ers, a11 state head o the llatrl.onal Assoc;i.at"i,on for the Advancem•nt of Colored teople, was automatically a public figure, 13\\t the shoj;gun slaying of another Mississippi Negro, one who never 11sat-in 11 or led e prot1.,st march or even tri"d to register to vote, lies remained \lnknow~ 'lhe quiet man was Louis Allen, -44, of Liberty, 1n the southwest oorner of the state. Re was a logger and father of 'our children and had Uved end worked near h;l,s home all of his lire. '!hat life came to an end on January 31, 1964, r 2 In southwest W.ss1ss1pp1 a Negro doesn• t have to "sit-in" to irritate white folks. Just the fact of his blacknes1t 1s enough of en irri tant,for this section of the state is Misais sippi I s :nost violent and repressive.