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Feather Mites of the Genus Montesauria Oudemans

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Feather Mites of the Genus Montesauria Oudemans Acarina 14 (1): 21–40 © ACARINA 2006 FEATHER MITES OF THE GENUS MONTESAURIA OUDEMANS (ASTIGMATA: PROCTOPHYLLODIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH STARLINGS (PASSERIFORMES: STURNIDAE) IN THE INDO-MALAYAN REGION, WITH NOTES ON THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS S. V. Mironov Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia; email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Species of the feather mite genus Montesauria Oudemans, 1905 associated with starlings (Sturnidae) in the Indo- Malayan region are reviewed: Montesauria acridothera sp.n. is described from the common myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus); two previously known species, M. mainati (Trouessart, 1885) from the hill myna Gracula religiosa Linnaeus and M. pachypa (Gaud, 1968) from the Rennell starling Aplonis insularis Mayr, are redescribed. Based on the examination of most known species of Montesauria, a subdivision of the genus into species groups is proposed for the first time. The genus Montesauria in current taxonomic limits consists of two major species complexes characterized by the presence or absence of lateral idiosomal setae f2 in both sexes; in turn, each complex includes several species groups. The species complex characterized by the presence of setae f2 includes the heterocaula, papillo, emberizae, dolichodectina, and listroprocta groups; the complex characterized by the absence of setae f2 includes the cylindrica, pachypa, merulae and jesionowski groups. All recognized groups are provided with uniform morphological diagnoses. Species composition of Montesauria in the sense of Park and Atyeo (1971) is partly revised: Montesauria holothyra (Gaud, 1952) is moved to the genus Alaudicola Mironov, 1996 and given a valid name Alaudicola holothyra (Gaud, 1952) comb. n.; and M. trulla (Trouessart, 1885) is suggested to return to the genus Pterodectes Robin, 1877. KEY WORDS: Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae, Montesauria, systematics, Sturnidae, Indo-Malayan region INTRODUCTION The feather mite genus Montesauria Oude- The genus Montesauria was originally estab- mans, 1905 (Proctophyllodidae) is the most spe- lished by Oudemans (1905) for two species, Mon- cies-rich genus within the subfamily Pterodectinae. tesauria cylindrica (Robin, 1877) (type species) To date this genus includes 51 species (Park and and M. corvincola Oudemans, 1905. Although this Atyeo 1971; Mironov 1996a; Mironov and Kopij genus was established at the very beginning of the 1996a, 1996b, 1997; Mironov and Fain 2003; Kuroki 20th century, until the end of the 1960s subsequent et al. 2006). As for all proctophyllodid mites, the authors described all species, actually belonging to members of this genus are typical representatives Montesauria, as members of the genus Pterodectes of the feather mite morphotype adapted to inhabit Robin, 1877 (Sugimoto 1941; Gaud 1952, 1953, feathers with large vanes, the flight feathers, the tail 1968; Till 1954, 1957; Gaud and Mouchet 1957; feathers and the large upper wing coverts (Mironov Gaud and Till 1961). The main reason for this was 1987, 1999; Dabert and Mironov 1999). Represent- the absence of a clear definition of this genus to atives of this morphotype are located in narrow separate it from Pterodectes. Till (1954) formally corridors on ventral surface of the vane and in synonymized it with the genus Pterodectes; later, general appearance are commonly characterized by Vassilev (1959) restored it, but this did not solve the a strongly flattened body, large and heavily sclero- situation. As a matter of fact, almost all pterodec- tized dorsal shields and significant reduction of tines (in recent sense) found in that period were idiosomal chaetome in size of setae. The morpho- described as Pterodectes species. Only very clearly logical peculiarities of most pterodectines, includ- distinct or odd pterodectines were referred to new ing the genus Montesauria, are a torpedo-shaped genera, particularly Anisodiscus Gaud et Mouchet, body and loss of terminal filament in caudal macro- 1957 and Proterothrix Gaud, 1968. chaetae h2 in females, the adaptations which are Park and Atyeo (1971) carried out a generic probably related with their primary location in revision of the Pterodectinae and gave uniform distal part of vanes. Representatives of Montesau- diagnoses based on 32 characters for the12 genera ria are mainly associated with passerines; a few they recognized within this subfamily. Within Pter- records of species from Musopagiformes and Pici- odectinae, the genus Montesauria, along with the formes are questionable and may be the result of seven more genera, Anisodiscus, Dolichodectes contamination (Park and Atyeo 1971; Mironov and Park et Atyeo, 1971, Megalodectes Park et Atyeo, Fain 2003). 1971, Neodectes Park et Atyeo, 1971, Pedano- S. V. Mironov dectes Park et Atyeo, 1971, Proterothrix, and most Montesauria species described by previous Pterodectes, were referred to the Pterodectes ge- authors were examined and also a number of new neric group, which the authors characterized as species were recovered. The present paper deals having solenidion σ1 much shorter than solenid- with Montesauria species associated with star- ion ω3 on legs I, and tarsal seta we moved distally lings (Sturnidae) in the Indo-Malayan region and from setae ra and la on tarsi I, II. Discussing includes redescriptions of two previously known morphological peculiarities of the genus Monte- species and description of one new species. Tak- sauria, Park and Atyeo (1971) noted that this ing in consideration that the intrageneric structure genus includes “at least 5 major species complex- of Montesauria, the most species-rich genus of its es plus many species that cannot be placed with subfamily, was still unclear, it seemed an appro- these groups”. However, these authors named priate opportunity to set up a taxonomic structure only the bilobata group and gave just a few diag- within this genus that would be helpful for future nostic characters for it: the males have a small investigators of pterodectine mites. Therefore, genital arch and the females have setae h2 seti- full diagnoses for all species groupings within form and long. Only the latter character discrim- Montesauria that have been currently recognized, inated this group clearly from other species of the and partial correction of the species contents of genus, which have spindle- or blade-like setae h2. this genus, are also provided. Thus, the concept of these authors regarding char- MATERIAL AND METHODS acteristics and species content of any other groups remained unknown. Further complicating mat- The majority of the material (slides with mite ters, Mironov (1996a) removed M. bilobata (Rob- specimens) used in the study belongs to the feather in, 1877), the basis of the bilobata group, and two mite collection of the Zoological Institute of the more species, to a new genus Alaudicola Mironov Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg, 1996. Finally, in describing new Montesauria Russia); some specimens were examined in the species from African passerines, Mironov and Musée royal de l’Afrique Central (Tervuren, Bel- Fain (2003) gave brief characteristics to two new gium) and Muséum National de l’Histoire Na- species groups, heterocaula and papillo. turelle (Paris, France). In total, 47 of 51 species The present work represents a part of investi- referred currently to the genus Montesauria were gation devoted to systematics and biodiversity of examined (Table). In those cases when the collec- feather mites associated with passerines of tropi- tion material of particular species was inaccessible cal areas (e.g. Mironov and Fain 2003; Mironov or not found, data from respective descriptions and Wauthy 2005a, b, 2006). In the course of the were used to refer a species to a certain species study focused at the family Proctophyllodidae, group. Table Arrangement of all currently named Montesauria species into groups, with their type hosts and locations Mite species and species Type host Host family Location Reference group Species groups having setae f2 heterocaula M. bacillus Ortygospiza atricollis Estrildidae Ethiopia (Abyssinia) Trouessart 1885; (Trouessart, 1885) (Vieillot) Gaud 1952 M. heterocaula Nigrita canicapillus Estrildidae Cameroon Gaud and (Gaud et Mouchet, 1957) (Strikland) Mouchet 1957 M. lanceolatus Lonchura malacca Estrildidae Taiwan Sugimoto 1941 (Sugimoto, 1941) formosana Swinhoe M. nesocharis Nesocharis ansorgei Estrildidae Rwanda Mironov and Mironov et Fain, 2003 (Hartert) Fain 2003 M. olygos ti ct a Lagonosticta rubricata Estrildidae Cameroon Gaud and (Gaud et Mouchet, 1957) (Lichtenstein) Mouchet 1957 M. stictothyra (Gaud, 1953) Uraeginthus bengalus Estrildidae Sudan Gaud and 1953 (Linnaeus) M . s ynos t ern a Spermophaga haematina Estrildidae Cameroon Gaud and (Gaud et Mouchet, 1957) (Vieillot) Mouchet 1957 22 Feather mites of the genus Montesauria M i te s peci es and s pecies Type host Host family Location Reference group papillo M. brachycaulus Malimbus coronatus Ploceidae Cameroon Gaud and (Gaud et Mouchet, 1957) Sharpe Mouchet 1957 M. buttikeri (Till, 1954) Ploceus ocularis Smith A. Ploceidae Mozambique Till 1954 M. cisticolae Cysticola ayresii Hartlaub Cysticolidae Rwanda Mironov and Mironov et Fain, 2003 Fain 2003 M. delicatula (Till, 1957) Passer griseus (Vieillot) Passeridae Mozambique, Till 1957 S. Rhodesi a M. dispar (G aud, 1 9 5 3) Ploceus nigricollis Ploceidae Burkina Faso Gaud 1953; Gaud brachypterus (S wainson) (Upper Volta) and Mouchet 1957 M . eu cyr t a (Gaud, 1953) Ploceus cucullatus Ploceidae
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