POLHØGDA POLHØGDA from the Home of Fridtjof Fra Fridtjof Nansens Bolig Til Nansen to the Fridtjof Nansen Fridtjof Nansens Institutt Institute Av Ivar M

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POLHØGDA POLHØGDA from the Home of Fridtjof Fra Fridtjof Nansens Bolig Til Nansen to the Fridtjof Nansen Fridtjof Nansens Institutt Institute Av Ivar M POLHØGDA POLHØGDA From the Home of Fridtjof Fra Fridtjof Nansens bolig til Nansen to the Fridtjof Nansen Fridtjof Nansens Institutt Institute av Ivar M. Liseter by Ivar M. Liseter 1 Fridtjof Nansen. Portrett tatt I London I 1893, like før han la ut på Framferden. Fridtjof Nansen. Potrait taken in London in 1893, just before he set in the Fram for the Arctic Sea. FRIDTJOF NANSEN Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) became Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) ble berømt famous in the 1880s and ’90s for his daring i 1880- og 90-årene for sine dristige expeditions across Greenland and the Arctic ekspedisjoner over Grønland og Polhavet. Ocean. In Norway, a nation then striving for I Norge, som den gang strebet mot independence, he became a national symbol selvstendighet, ble han et nasjonalt symbol and idol, but his fame travelled far and og et ideal, men hans berømmelse var wide. He described his expeditions in many internasjonal. Han beskrev sine ekspedisjoner books, often with his own illustrations, which i en rekke bøker som ble bestselgere i mange became bestsellers in many countries, and land, og han gjennomførte omfattende made extensive lecture tours in Europe and foredragsturneer i Europa og Amerika. America. His international contacts enabled Hans internasjonale kontakter satte ham him to play a key part in the successful i stand til å spille en betydelig rolle i Norges dissolution of the union between Sweden vellykkede løsrivelse fra unionen med Sverige and Norway in 1905, and he served as i 1905, og han tjenestegjorde som det independent Norway’s first ambassador to selvstendige Norges første ambassadør til the United Kingdom. In the years before Storbritannia. I årene før første verdenskrig the First World War Nansen made major bidro han i stor grad til å grunnlegge moderne contributions to the foundation of the havforskning. I 1917 sendte den norske science of physical oceanography. In 1917 regjering ham til USA for å forhandle om the Norwegian government enlisted his amerikanske kornleveranser til Norge, og diplomatic skills in negotiations on US grain utnevnte ham senere til leder for den norske exports to Norway, and later appointed delegasjonen til Folkeforbundet i Genève. Her him head of the Norwegian delegation to ble han engasjert i et omfattende hjelpearbeid the League of Nations in Geneva. Here for krigsfanger og flyktninger, og senere for he worked extensively to aid prisoners of å avhjelpe sultkatastrofen i Sør-Russland. war and refugees, and with famine relief. Dette arbeidet utførte han både innenfor This work was carried out both under the rammen av Folkeforbundet og på eget initiativ. auspices of the League of Nations and on For denne humanitære innsatsen ble han Nansen’s own initiative. For this humanitarian i 1922 tildelt Nobels Fredspris. effort he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1922. 2 POLHØGDA - Fra Fridtjof Nansens bolig til Fridtjof Nansens Institutt POLHØGDA - FRIDTJOF NANSEN From the Home of Fridtjof Nansen to the Fridtjof Nansen Institute INNLEDNING INTRODUCTION English Da Fridtjof Nansen i 1897 kjøpte en When Fridtjof Nansen, in 1897, bought 55 mål stor tomt av Fornebo Gaard og a sizeable tract of land from Fornebo begynte planleggingen av det som skulle Manor and started planning what later bli Polhøgda, hadde han allerede nær became Polhøgda, he already had close tilknytning til området. Hans mor ties to the area. His mother Adelaide was Adelaide var datter av major, baron the daughter of major, baron Christian Christian Fredrik Wedel-Jarlsberg til Fredrik Wedel-Jarlsberg of Fornebo, and Fornebo, og Fridtjof hadde i gutte- og in his boyhood and youth Fridtjof had ungdomsdagene tilbrakt mye tid hos sine spent much time with his relatives at the slektninger på gården. Det var derfor manor. It was therefore natural that he and naturlig at han og hans kone Eva (født his wife Eva (née Sars) chose to settle here Sars) søkte ut i disse traktene da de skulle when they were looking for a place to live sette bo etter bryllupet i september 1889. after the wedding in September 1889. They De fikk kjøpt tomt i Svartebukta ved bought land at Svartebukta on the Lysaker Lysakerfjorden, og mens huset ble bygget, Fjord, and spent the winter in a small, ”overvintret” de nygifte i et trekkfullt lite draughty house at the nearby railway hus ved Lysaker stasjon. station while their own house was built. Huset i Svartebukta var tegnet av Evas The house at Svartebukta was planned fetter, arkitekt Hjalmar Welhaven, og by architect Hjalmar Welhaven, who was ble bygget av tømmer i typisk dragestil. Eva’s cousin. Built of timber in the Viking- Huset sto ferdig i mars 1890, og under inspired “dragon” style, it was finished in innvielsesfesten ga Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson March 1890, and during the inauguration det navnet Godthaab. (Dette huset ble festivities the famous Norwegian poet and revet i slutten av 1970-årene for å gi playwright Bjørnstierne Bjørnson gave it plass til det nåværende kontorkomplekset the name Godthaab. (This house was torn Godthaab, i Strandveien 50.) down in the late 1970s, to make room for an office building of the same name at Strandveien 50.) 1 Polhøgda snart etter opp­ førelsen (1901). Polhøgda soon after the house was finished (1901). English THE “CASTLE “ ”BORGEN” Godthaab was a good home, but Godthaab var et godt hjem, men familien the family grew, and after the Fram vokste og etter Fram-ferden trengte expedition Nansen needed more space Nansen mer plass til sine mange oppgaver. for his many activities. His successful De vellykkede ekspedisjonene over expeditions across Greenland and the Grønland og Polhavet, bøkene og hans Arctic Ocean, his books and his extensive omfattende foredragsturneer hadde gjort lecturing had made him world-famous, ham til en verdensberømt mann, feiret og celebrated and much sought-after. He ettertraktet. Han trengte plass til å ta imot needed room to receive visitors, to house besøkende, han trengte arbeidsplass til sine his assistants and to be able to work in medarbeidere, men også muligheter til selv peace himself. å få arbeide i fred. In a letter to Eva from the USA in I et brev til Eva fra USA i 1898 skriver 1898 he writes that he dreams of a house han at han drømmer om et hus som er with lots of space, where he and the ”stort, frit og rummelig”, hvor han og family can close the gates and forget familien kan about the world. He envisions … stænge portene og blåse ad den hele … a castle with moats and drawbridges verden, og berømmelsen og det hele that not a single soul of those boring jugel. Åja en borg med brede løbegraver people would be allowed to cross, except omkring og vindelbroer som ikke en those few that we want. levende sjæl av disse fortærende kjædelige mennesker kunde slippe over, uden netop de få som vi ønsker 2 (Sitert fra Karl H. Brox, Eva og Fridtjof Nansen personally sketched a preliminary English Nansen. Et samliv. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, plan of the house, and on the basis of this Oslo, 1991, s. 292.) he announced an architects’ contest. All the submitted proposals were rejected, Nansen laget selv en planskisse, og på however, and Nansen completed the grunnlag av denne utlyste han en construction plans himself, with Hjalmar arkitektkonkurranse. De innkomne Welhaven’s professional assistance. forslagene ble alle forkastet, og Nansen While Godthaab was built in the tegnet selv den endelige planløsningen, “dragon” style, Nansen wanted his new med faglig bistand fra Hjalmar Welhaven. house erected in a kind of “Norwegian Mens Godthaab var bygget i dragestil, castle style, in stone”. Changes along ønsket Nansen den nye boligen oppført i the way made the plans less castle- en slags ”norsk borgstil i sten”. Endringer like, however, and more inspired by underveis gjorde planene mindre Lawnhurst, his friend Henry Simon’s borgpreget og mer inspirert av house near Manchester, England. By Lawnhurst, huset til vennen Henry Simon giving Polhøgda a touch of English i Manchester. Ved å gi Polhøgda et preg “mansion”, Nansen got a representative av engelsk ”mansion” lyktes det Nansen å and stately home with room for få et representativt og herskapelig hjem sociability. med god plass for selskapelighet. The English mansion style is apparent Påvirkningen fra engelske in the large central hall, in two storeys herskapshus er tydelig med den store with a gallery and an open fireplace. hallen i husets sentrum, i to etasjer med However, the house opens for other peis og galleri. Men det er også andre associations. Externally it is reminiscent assosiasjoner. Utvendig kan huset minne of early Italian renaissance, while the om et italiensk ungrenessansebygg, og shape of the windows and the tower utformingen av vinduer og tårn gir indeed reminiscent of medieval Romantic assosiasjoner til middelalderens churches and castles. romantiske kirke- og borgarkitektur. The architects place Polhøgda in a Arkitektene plasserer Polhøgda i en transitory period between 19th century stilistisk overgangsfase mellom historicism and the more modern 1800-tallets historisme og den mer national-romantic architecture. An moderne nasjonalromantiske arkitekturen. asymmetric construction with a tower is En asymmetrisk konstruksjon med said to be characteristic of some villas hjørnetårn skal være karakteristisk for en from that period. del villaer i denne fasen. Nansen’s will to try new approaches Nansens vilje til å prøve noe nytt viser is evident both in the layout of the seg også her, både i planløsningen og i house and in its rough simplicity. With byggets røffe enkelhet. Med Polhøgda Polhøgda Nansen left the Viking style forlot Nansen vikingstilen fra Godthaab for of Godthaab to give his home a more å gi sitt hjem et mer europeisk preg, European character, combined with a kombinert med en forenklet norsk soliditet, simplified Norwegian solidity, free from fri for samtidens overlessede ornamentikk.
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