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Strategic Action Plan for the Danube River Basin 1995 - 2005 Revision 1999

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Strategic Action Plan for the Danube River Basin 1995 - 2005 Revision 1999 DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN 1995 - 2005 REVISION 1999 Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN 1995 – 2005 REVISION 1999 Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance Preface The present Report of the SAP has been prepared on the basis of existing analytical documents, in particular the National Review Reports and the results of the National Planning Workshops. A genuine bottom-top approach has associated in the elaboration of this SAP about 300 professionals and experts from all Danube countries, from central and local Governments, from Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), from universities and research institutions and from the private sector. This planning process has allowed to reflect national considerations concerning the analysis of problems, the formulation of objectives and targets and the identification of appropriate measures for pollution reduction. Transboundary effects of pollution have been identified and the need for regional cooperation has been defined. The first draft of the SAP has been reviewed in the frame of Hernstein II Workshop, Austria, from 12 to 16 May 1999. Experts from all Danube Countries and invited specialists from international and financing institutions have thus contributed to produce a coherent document reflecting genuinely policies and strategies of the Danube River Protection Convention. The ICPDR Steering Group, at the Meeting in Vienna on 10 and 11 June 1999 has agreed on the following statements: The ICPDR Steering Group recognizes the efforts of the UNDP/GEF Project Team for having drawn up and organized a new approach of participating planning in using logical framework methodology for the elaboration of the revised SAP; appreciates the consultative, iterative planning process of the Revision 1999 taking into account the results of the National Reviews and in particular the results of the National Planning Workshops from 1998 as well as the review of the document at the Hernstein Workshop in May 1999; realizes that through this process account was taken of all national objectives and targets aggregating them to joint regional ones; encourages that the identified impact indicators and targets are reflected and translated into national objectives and targets for implementation; appreciates the close linkage the Revision 1999 holds as to the relevant provisions of the DRPC, demonstrating the complementary tool function of the SAP and Pollution Reduction Programme for implementing the DRPC; strongly welcomes the approach opened up for developing financing mechanisms supporting the implementation, in particular regarding investment for pollution reduction measures; agrees to hand over this document to all delegations for revision and comments until end of September 1999; the S/EG, whose competence should be adopted to the circumstances, shall examine the results and propose a draft version to the forthcoming ICPDR meeting in November for consideration and for final adoption. Overall conceptual guidance, supervision and technical advice for the elaboration of the present Document was given by Joachim Bendow, UNDP/GEF Project Manager. The compilation of information and analytical treatment of documentation has been carried out by Mihaela Popovici (Land Use - Agriculture and overall objectives), Gyorgy Pinter (Municipalities), Miroslav Spasojevic (Industry and Mining), Wilhelm Kittinger, (Preamble, Introductory framework and institutional and policy issues), Reinhard Wanninger (Demographic, social and economic characteristics) and Alexander Zinke (Hydrological and ecological factors of the DRB). The document was edited by Michael Sokolnikov. Kiev Prague Nürnberg Morava CZECH REPUBLIC Main-Danube Canal 0 0 Regensburg 4 2 Brno Geisling Thaya Strausing Vah Bad Abbach 2300 SLOVAK REPUBLIC 0 0 5 2 Kachlet 2200Jochenstein 0 0 0 GERMANY 2 Passau Aschach Altenworth Uzgorod 00 Ottensheim-Wilhering Greifenstein Hron 6 2 Melk UKRAINE 0 Ipel 0 1 0 Tisza 2 0 Abwinden-Asten 9 Tulln 1 Wallsee Mitterkirchen Ybbs Persenbeug 0 0 Bratislava 7 Munich Tiszalök 2 Vienna Gabcikovo Som Costesti 1700 1800 es AUSTRIA MOLDOVA Tisza Kisköre Inn Salzach Mura Budapest Raab 1600 Cris HUNGARY Prut Drava Kishinev Odesa Siret 1500 Mures ROMANIA Ljubljana SLOVENIA 0 CROATIA 140 Zagreb Izmail Jalomitsa 0 00 0 1 3 Sava 1 200 Belgrade BOSNIA - HERZEGOVINA 0 Arges 0 Olt 2 1 Iron Gates I 1100 900 Iron Gates II 3 00 0 Danube - Black Sea Canal Sarajevo 0 Bucharest 4 800 0 0 5 0 0 7 0 0 6 Timok Lom rae Morava Greater Ogosta BULGARIA YUGOSLAVIA Iskar Adriatic Sea Yantra Black Sea Sofia 0 100 200 km Danube Basin Map Catchment boundary State boundary Date: January 1996 City River Water level measuring station Hydropower dams Prepared by: delft hydraulics Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Framework....................................................................... 1 1.1. The Danube River Basin............................................................................1 1.2. The Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin (EPDRB)...........................................................................................1 1.3. The Danube River Protection Convention (DRPC)................................2 1.4. Related International Agreements and Programmes .............................3 1.5. Principles of Environmental Protection...................................................4 1.6. Aspects of Integrated Basin Water Management....................................5 2. Demographic, Social and Economic Characteristics.................................. 7 2.1. Introduction................................................................................................7 2.2. Population ...................................................................................................8 2.3. Economic Activities and Employment....................................................11 2.4. Water Demand and Water Tariffs .........................................................15 2.5. Waste Water Management......................................................................17 2.6. Particular Situation of Transition Countries ........................................20 2.7. Particular Situation of the EU Accession Countries.............................21 2.8. Development Prospects............................................................................22 3. Hydrological and Ecological Factors of the Danube River Basin.............................................................................................................. 23 3.1. Basic Hydrological and Ecological Characteristics...............................23 3.1.1. Hydrological and Ecological Factors in the Danube River Protection Convention (DRPC)..........................................23 3.1.2. Description of Hydrological and Ecological Factors...................23 3.2. Description of River Basin Areas............................................................39 3.2.1. River Basin Management Approach............................................39 3.2.2. Hydrological and Ecological Factors of Sub Basin Areas ............................................................................................40 4. Regional Policies and Strategies ................................................................. 45 4.1. Analysis of Problems and Identification of Causes of Water Pollution and Water Management..............................................45 4.1.1. Core Problem ...............................................................................45 4.1.2. Direct Causes of the Core Problem..............................................45 vii 4.1.3. Root Causes of the Core Problem ................................................47 4.1.4. Direct Effects of the Core Problem..............................................50 4.1.5. Ultimate Effects of the Core Problem..........................................50 4.1.6. Analysis of Hot Spots and Diffuse Sources of Pollution (Causes) ........................................................................52 4.1.7. Analysis of Significant Impact Areas and Transboundary Effects within the Danube River Basin (Effects within the Danube River Basin) ..............................................................53 4.1.8. Effects on Black Sea Ecosystems (Regional Transboundary Effects) .........................................................................................53 4.2. Analysis of Objectives and Targets for Pollution Reduction and Sustainable Water Management .....................................................60 4.2.1. Description of Objectives.............................................................60 4.2.2. Expected Results (Outputs) and Targets by Sectors of Intervention ..................................................................................61 4.2.3. Important Assumptions for the ICPDR Program and Sector Objectives..........................................................................63 4.2.4. Impact Indicators for the ICPDR Program and Sector Objectives.....................................................................................64 4.2.5. Impact Indicators for Nutrient Reduction in the Black Sea................................................................................................65 5. Sector Strategies...........................................................................................69 5.1. Municipal Sector.......................................................................................69
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