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Nesting and Use of Pollen Resources by Tetrapedia Diversipes Klug (Apidae) in Atlantic Forest Areas (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil) in Different Stages of Regeneration

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Nesting and Use of Pollen Resources by Tetrapedia Diversipes Klug (Apidae) in Atlantic Forest Areas (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil) in Different Stages of Regeneration Nesting and use of pollen resources by Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Apidae) in Atlantic Forest areas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) in different stages of regeneration Giselle B. Menezes1, Vania Gonçalves-Esteves2, Esther M. A. F. Bastos3, Solange C. Augusto4 & Maria Cristinna Gaglianone1 1Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28013–602 Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected] 2Laboratório de Palinologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Horto Botânico, São Cristóvão, 20940–040 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil. [email protected] 3Laboratório de Recursos Vegetais e Apiterápicos, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Gameleira, 30510–010 Belo Horizonte- MG, Brasil. [email protected] 4Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Abelhas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2D, 38400–902 Uberlândia- MG, Brasil. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Nesting and use of pollen resources by Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Apidae) in Atlantic Forest areas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) in different stages of regeneration. The nesting in trap-nests and use of pollen sources in larval food by Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 (Apidae) was compared between regenerating areas of Atlantic Forest. The study was conducted between April 2008 and October 2009 at União Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. T. diversipes nested in 66 trap-nests and showed a peak of nesting during the months of highest rainfall. The most frequent pollen type in brood cells during the wet season was Dalechampia sp. 1. During the dry season, the type Ludwigia sp. was the most frequent, followed by Dalechampia sp. 2. The high frequency of Dalechampia and Ludwigia species in the larval food, observed in both habitats and in the two seasons could be considered relevant for T. diversipes, suggesting highly selective diet based primarily on two plant species unrelated, but similar in size of pollen grains. KEYWORDS. Atlantic rainforest; Oil collecting bee; Pollen analysis; Tetrapediini; Trap-nests. RESUMO. Nidificação e uso de fontes de pólen por Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Apidae) em áreas de Mata Atlântica (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) em diferentes estágios de regeneração. A nidificação em ninhos-armadilha e o uso de fontes de pólen no alimento larval por Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 (Apidae) foram comparados entre áreas de Floresta Atlântica em regeneração. O estudo foi realizado entre abril de 2008 e outubro de 2009 na Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. T. diversipes nidificou em 66 ninhos- armadilha e apresentou um pico de nidificação durante os meses de maior precipitação pluviométrica. O tipo polínico mais frequente nas células de cria durante a estação chuvosa foi Dalechampia sp. 1. Durante a estação seca, o tipo Ludwigia sp. foi o mais frequente, seguido de Dalechampia sp. 2. A alta frequência de espécies de Dalechampia e Ludwigia no alimento larval, observada em ambos os habitats e nas duas estações deve ser considerada um fato relevante para T. diversipes, sugerindo uma dieta altamente seletiva baseada primariamente em duas espécies vegetais não relacionadas, porém semelhantes quanto ao tamanho dos grãos de pólen. PALAVRAS-CHAVE. Abelha coletora de óleo; Análise polínica; Floresta Atlântica; Ninhos-armadilha; Tetrapediini. Oil-collecting bees in the Neotropics belong to three Zikán, 1951 (Vespidae) by Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 tribes: Centridini, Tapinotaspidini and Tetrapediini (Alves- has also been observed (Pinto 2005). In addition to building dos-Santos et al. 2007). Traditionally Tetrapediini bees in- its nests in pre-existent wood cavities, T. diversipes can also clude two genera: Tetrapedia, composed by oil-collecting and be attracted to trap-nests (Roubik 1987; Alves-dos-Santos et nest-constructing bees and Coelioxoides, cleptoparasite spe- al. 2002; Garófalo et al. 2004; Camillo 2005). This sampling cies of Tetrapedia (Alves-dos-Santos et al. 2002) although methodology gives access to significant information about recent phylogenetic analyses do not confirm the monophyly nesting species, such as nesting biology, building materials, of the tribe (Cardinal et al. 2010). architecture, and food resources provided for larvae (Garófalo The genus Tetrapedia comprises solitary bees widely dis- et al. 2004). tributed in tropical regions of the Americas and represented Although the biology of T. diversipes is well known (Alves- by 18 species in Brazil (Moure 2008). Their females com- dos-Santos et al. 2002; Camillo 2005), reports of interaction monly nest in cavities in wood, and they may also occupy the between this species and food sources are poorly described in inactive nests of other Hymenoptera such as Anthodioctes the literature, as well as information about its importance as a megachiloides Holmberg, 1903 (Megachilidae) and pollinator. Analysis of the pollen in larval food gives precise Trypoxylon (Crabronidae) (Alves-dos-Santos et al. 2002). The information about the range of plants visited and the relative reuse of cells from abandoned nests of Polistes simillimus importance of those sources to the bees (Dórea et al. 2010). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 56(1): 86–94, março, 2012 Nesting and use of pollen resources by Tetrapedia diversipes in Atlantic Forest areas 87 Bees are important components of biological communi- nant climate in the region is humid tropical, with a median ties, not only because of their role as pollinators, but also be- annual temperature of 24ºC and 1658 mm/year of rainfall, of cause they can be very sensitive to the effects of environmental which 75% occurs between October and April (IBAMA disturbances (Morato & Campos 2000; Steffan-Dewenter 2003; 2007). Holzschuh et al. 2010). Among bees, species that specialize Twelve sampling sites were selected at Rebio União: six in the collection of floral oils compose an important guild of in understory areas of abandoned eucalyptus plantations pollinators associated with specific plant groups in several where there are native species in initial stage of regeneration ecosystems, such as the Atlantic Forest, cerrado and restinga (henceforth termed eucalyptus with regenerating understory, (Teixeira & Machado 2000; Gaglianone 2003, 2006; Dunley ERU); and six areas of secondary Atlantic Forest (SAF) in et al. 2009). Currently, only approximately 7% of the original advanced stage of regeneration. An identical number of trap- extent of the Atlantic Forest remains. This is one of the biomes nests (n = 1440) was installed at the sites monthly. These most affected by deforestation (Myers et al. 2000; Morellato trap-nests were either bamboo canes of various diameters & Haddad 2000). In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the process of grouped in sets of three and attached to poles at approxi- forest devastation and fragmentation has been quite intense, mately 1.5m above the ground, or black cardboard tubes vary- and currently 18,4% of its original vegetation cover is in ei- ing from 4 to 15 mm in diameter and inserted in wood blocks ther privately or publicly held conservation areas (SOS Mata at the same height. The trap-nests were checked monthly and Atlântica/INPE 2010). replaced with new ones after they were closed by the bees. Due to the reduction of natural areas in recent decades, The occupied nests were brought to the laboratory, kept at the study of biological processes in altered ecosystems is room temperature and checked daily. The plant species in being emphasized (Saunders et al. 1991; Naeem 2002). Of bloom, within a radius of 200 meters close to the nesting particular interest are insects with important ecological func- sites in areas of eucalyptus with regenerating understory, were tions, such as predators, parasites and pollinators; these are also collected monthly for the development of a reference frequently used in studies evaluating the effects of habitat collection of pollen slides of this area. loss on biodiversity (Tscharntke 1992; Kevan 1999; Steffan- After the T. diversipes adults emerged, the trap-nests were Dewenter & Tscharntke 2002). However, such studies involv- opened and the pollen content in the brood cells was removed ing the Atlantic Forest are still rare (Viana et al. 2006; Loyola and stored with glacial acetic acid to acetolysis (see Erdtman & Martins 2008, 2009). Comparing nesting parameters in 1960). The cell with the highest pollen content from each Atlantic Forest areas in different stages of regeneration can nest studied was visually selected, and all the pollen content indicate preferences and fidelity to certain habitats, provid- was fixed as the representative sample of the nest. After the ing important information about the handling and conserva- samples were acetolyzed, three slides were prepared from tion of these bees. each one, and the types of pollen were identified and quanti- The objective of this study is to compare the use of At- fied. The exclusive pollen types were considered as those lantic Forest habitats in different stages of regeneration by T. found uniquely in samples obtained in one habitat and sea- diversipes bees by considering trap-nest occupation, season- son studied. The qualitative analysis consisted of determin- ality, and sources of pollen. ing the genera and types of pollen (group of grains with very similar morphology) according to specialized literature MATERIAL AND METHODS (Salgado-Labouriau 1973;
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