DOCSLIB.ORG

Ordered Changes in Histone Modifications at the Core of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ordered Changes in Histone Modifications at the Core of The Ordered changes in histone modifications at the core of the Arabidopsis circadian clock Jordi Malapeira1, Lucie Crhak Khaitova1, and Paloma Mas2 Molecular Genetics Department, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries–Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Universitat de Barcelona, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain Edited* by Steve A. Kay, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved November 15, 2012 (received for review October 1, 2012) Circadian clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana relies on a com- RELATED 3 (SDG2/ATXR3) was proposed to play a major role plex network of reciprocal regulations among oscillator components. in H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in Arabidopsis (16, 17). Loss Here, we demonstrate that chromatin remodeling is a prevalent of SDG2/ATXR3 function results in pleiotropic phenotypes, as well regulatory mechanism at the core of the clock. The peak-to-trough as a global decrease of H3K4me3 accumulation and altered ex- circadian oscillation is paralleled by the sequential accumulation of pression of a large number of genes. H3 acetylation (H3K56ac, K9ac), H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), A precise regulation of gene expression is not only essential and H3K4me2. Inhibition of acetylation and H3K4me3 abolishes os- for plant responses to environmental stresses and developmental cillator gene expression, indicating that both marks are essential for transitions but also for proper function of the circadian clock. gene activation. Mechanistically, blocking H3K4me3 leads to in- The circadian clockwork allows plants to anticipate environ- creased clock-repressor binding, suggesting that H3K4me3 functions mental changes and adapt their activity to the most appropriate as a transition mark modulating the progression from activation to time of day (18). In Arabidopsis thaliana, the core of the oscillator repression. The histone methyltransferase SET DOMAIN GROUP 2/ is composed of morning- and evening-expressed components that ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX RELATED 3 (SDG2/ATXR3) might contrib- regulate their expression in a highly complex network of inter- ute directly or indirectly to this regulation because oscillator gene connections (19). The transcription factors CCA1 (CIRCADIAN expression, H3K4me3 accumulation, and repressor binding are al- CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1) (20), LHY (LATE ELONGATED tered in plants misexpressing SDG2/ATXR3. Despite divergences in HYPOCOTYL) (21), and the PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGU- PLANT BIOLOGY oscillator components, a chromatin-dependent mechanism of clock LATOR (PRR) proteins (PRR9, -7, and -5) (22) have peak gene activation appears to be common to both plant and mammal phases of expression during the day, whereas TOC1 (TIMING circadian systems. OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 or PRR1) (23, 24), GI (GIGANTEA) (25, 26), and the members of the Evening Complex (EC) (27), all histone acetylation | histone methylation | circadian rhythms have evening peak-phase oscillations. The transcriptional repres- sing activity of TOC1 has been recently added to the myriad plant he functional properties of chromatin are modulated by var- clock repressors (28, 29), opening the question about the compo- Tious mechanisms, including, among others, posttranslational nents and mechanisms responsible for activation (30). modifications of histones, incorporation of histone variants, and The large fraction of genes regulated by the circadian clock DNA methylation (1, 2). Among histone covalent modifications, suggests that transcriptional control occurs by higher-order acetylation at specific lysine residues of the N-terminal histone changes in chromatin structure. Indeed, histone modifications tails appears to make DNA more accessible to the transcription are coupled with the generation of rhythms at the core of the machinery, which has been correlated with active transcription oscillator. Specifically, rhythmic changes in the pattern of H3 (3). Histone methylation, on the other hand, may facilitate the acetylation at TOC1 promoter correlate with TOC1 circadian recruitment of chromatin remodeling factors that can either ac- expression (31). Two MYB transcription factors antagonistically tivate or repress transcription, depending on the particular resi- contribute to this regulation. At dawn, CCA1 represses TOC1 due that is methylated and the degree of methylation (4). The expression by promoting histone deacetylation, whereas REV- sequential or combinatorial composition of these histone mod- EILLE 8/LHY-CCA1-LIKE 5 acts as an activator and facilitates ifications facilitates the switch between permissive and repressive histone acetylation (31, 32). A recent report has extended this states of chromatin that ultimately modulate the genome activity analysis showing that CCA1 and LHY are also subjected to in eukaryotes (5). rhythmic changes in H3 acetylation and methylation (33). Histone Epigenetic regulation mediated by histone modifications is demethylation might also be connected with the Arabidopsis cir- also well conserved in plants (6), with a key role in the control of cadian clock because JUMONJI DOMAIN CONTAINING 5/30 developmental transitions and plant responses to stress (7). (JMD5/JMD30) loss-of-function and JMD5/JMD30-overexpressing Among others, processes such as flowering time, transposon re- plants affect circadian period by the clock (34, 35). pression, light signaling, and abiotic stress responses are modu- Here, we have investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of lated by posttranslational modifications of histones on specific daily chromatin transitions and show their functional roles at the residues (e.g., refs. 8–12). The genomic distribution and com- core of the oscillator. The main activating histone marks, H3 binatorial association of different histone marks in Arabidopsis acetylation and H3K4me3, are enriched around the 5′ end of the appear to define various chromatin states that can be correlated with transcriptionally active or inactive genes (13). More than two-thirds of the Arabidopsis genes contain at least Author contributions: P.M. designed research; J.M., L.C.K., and P.M. performed research; one type of H3K4me (14). The enzymes responsible for meth- J.M., L.C.K., and P.M. analyzed data; and P.M. wrote the paper. ylation are histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTases), which The authors declare no conflict of interest. usually contain a conserved SET domain that harbors the enzy- *This Direct Submission article had a prearranged editor. matic activity (15). The SET domain proteins in Arabidopsis 1J.M. and L.C.K. contributed equally to this work. belong to evolutionarily conserved classes with different spe- 2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. fi ci cities and different outcomes on chromatin structure (15). This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. The SET DOMAIN GROUP 2/ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX 1073/pnas.1217022110/-/DCSupplemental. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1217022110 PNAS Early Edition | 1of6 Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 oscillator genes and regulate the timing of the oscillator gene compared with ZT15. In contrast, the pattern of these histone expression. Despite their similar activating function, acetylation marks clearly accumulated at ZT15 in the evening-expressed and trimethylation oscillate with a different phase, which sug- oscillator genes (TOC1 and LUX ARRYTHMO)(Figs. S1 and gests a degree of specificity in their respective clock-related roles. S2). The timing of these histone marks suggest that the temporal Reduction of H3K4me3 is concomitant with increased clock- modulation of H3K56ac and H3K4me3 is in tune with the cir- repressor binding, suggesting that H3K4me3 might impede an cadian gene expression. These results are in agreement with the advanced phase of repressor activity, thus facilitating the proper previously described connection of H3ac and H3K4me3 with transition from activation to repression. Molecularly, the use of gene activation (13, 33). The phase differences in the rhythms of plants misexpressing SDG2/ATXR3 reveals that this histone histone marks among different genes suggest that chromatin methyltransferase might contribute to H3K4me3 at the core of remodeling is an intrinsic mechanism at the core of the clock. fi the clock. Collectively, our studies indicate that the precise timing Genome-wide analyses have de ned H3K27 methylation as a and combinatorial accumulation of histone marks are essential major mechanism for silencing of a large number of plant genes for proper transcriptional regulation at the core of the clock. (7). The histone mark H3K9me3 is also known to be associated with 40% of Arabidopsis genes, with no overlap with H3K27me3 Results and Discussion (36). We, therefore, examined whether these histone marks could Specific Distribution of Histone Marks Along the Genomic Structure of also contribute to circadian expression. We used WT plants syn- the Oscillator Genes. To gain further insights into the connection chronized under LD cycles and performed ChIP assays with of chromatin remodeling at the core of the clock, we performed H3K27me3, H3K27me2, and H3K9me3 antibodies. Our results showed that the ChIP signal was, overall, very low and close to ChIP assays at Zeitgeber Time 3 and 15 (ZT3 and ZT15) in wild- background for each antibody, with no evident or reproducible type (WT) plants grown under 12-h light/12-h
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Insights Into the Mechanisms of Phytochrome–Cryptochrome Coaction
    Review Tansley insight New insights into the mechanisms of phytochrome–cryptochrome coaction Author for correspondence: Qin Wang1,2*, Qing Liu1*, Xu Wang1,2, Zecheng Zuo1, Yoshito Oka1 and Qin Wang 2 Tel: +1 310 825 9298 Chentao Lin Email: [email protected] 1Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Fujian Agriculture and Received: 21 August 2017 Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 2Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Accepted: 2 October 2017 Angeles, CA 90095, USA Contents Summary 1 IV. Prospect 4 I. Introduction 1 Acknowledgements 4 II. Phytochromes mediate light-induced transcription of BICs to References 4 inactivate cryptochromes 2 III. PPKs phosphorylate light-signaling proteins and histones to affect plant development 2 Summary New Phytologist (2017) Plants perceive and respond to light signals by multiple sensory photoreceptors, including doi: 10.1111/nph.14886 phytochromes and cryptochromes, which absorb different wavelengths of light to regulate genome expression and plant development. Photophysiological analyses have long revealed the Key words: blue light, Blue-light Inhibitors of coordinated actions of different photoreceptors, a phenomenon referred to as the photorecep- Cryptochrome1 (BIC1), cryptochromes, tor coaction. The mechanistic explanations of photoreceptor coactions are not fully understood. Photoregulatory Protein Kinase1 (PPK1), The function of direct protein–protein interaction of phytochromes and cryptochromes and phytochromes. common signaling molecules of these photoreceptors, such as SPA1/COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and bHLH transcription factors PIFs, would partially explain phytochrome–cryp- tochrome coactions. In addition, newly discovered proteins that block cryptochrome pho- todimerization or catalyze cryptochrome phosphorylation may also participate in the phytochrome and cryptochrome coaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Evolution of the Land Plant Circadian Clock
    Research Early evolution of the land plant circadian clock Anna-Malin Linde1,2*, D. Magnus Eklund1,2*, Akane Kubota3*, Eric R. A. Pederson1,2, Karl Holm1,2, Niclas Gyllenstrand1,2, Ryuichi Nishihama3, Nils Cronberg4, Tomoaki Muranaka5, Tokitaka Oyama5, Takayuki Kohchi3 and Ulf Lagercrantz1,2 1Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv€agen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 2The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden; 3Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; 4Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; 5Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Summary Author for correspondence: While angiosperm clocks can be described as an intricate network of interlocked transcrip- Ulf Lagercrantz tional feedback loops, clocks of green algae have been modelled as a loop of only two genes. Tel: +46(0)18 471 6418 To investigate the transition from a simple clock in algae to a complex one in angiosperms, we Email: [email protected] performed an inventory of circadian clock genes in bryophytes and charophytes. Additionally, Received: 14 December 2016 we performed functional characterization of putative core clock genes in the liverwort Accepted: 18 January 2017 Marchantia polymorpha and the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis. Phylogenetic construction was combined with studies of spatiotemporal expression patterns New Phytologist (2017) 216: 576–590 and analysis of M. polymorpha clock gene mutants. doi: 10.1111/nph.14487 Homologues to core clock genes identified in Arabidopsis were found not only in bryophytes but also in charophytes, albeit in fewer copies. Circadian rhythms were detected Key words: bryophyte, circadian clock, for most identified genes in M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plant Circadian Clock and Chromatin Modifications
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review The Plant Circadian Clock and Chromatin Modifications Ping Yang 1,2, Jianhao Wang 1,2, Fu-Yu Huang 3 , Songguang Yang 1,* and Keqiang Wu 3,* 1 Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; [email protected] (P.Y.); [email protected] (J.W.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (K.W.) Received: 3 October 2018; Accepted: 5 November 2018; Published: 20 November 2018 Abstract: The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeping network that integrates environmental signals with internal cues to coordinate diverse physiological processes. The circadian function depends on the precise regulation of rhythmic gene expression at the core of the oscillators. In addition to the well-characterized transcriptional feedback regulation of several clock components, additional regulatory mechanisms, such as alternative splicing, regulation of protein stability, and chromatin modifications are beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the regulation of the circadian clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana. The involvement of chromatin modifications in the regulation of the core circadian clock genes is also discussed. Keywords: circadian clock; oscillators; transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation; chromatin modifications; Arabidopsis 1. Introduction Plants, like animals, exhibit rhythmic biological activity, with a periodicity of 24 h.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Mechanism of Photoperiod Sensing
    This is a repository copy of Molecular mechanism of photoperiod sensing. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130853/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Anwer, Muhammad Usman, Davis, Seth Jon orcid.org/0000-0001-5928-9046, Quint, Marcel et al. (1 more author) (2018) Molecular mechanism of photoperiod sensing. bioRxiv. pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1101/321794 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 14, 2018; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/321794. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Short title 2 Molecular mechanism of photoperiod sensing 3 Corresponding Author 4 Muhammad Usman Anwer, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University 5 Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Complex Interactions in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/068460; this version posted August 8, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Title: Into the Evening: Complex Interactions in the Arabidopsis 2 circadian clock. 3 He Huang1 and Dmitri A. Nusinow1,* 4 1Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA 5 *Correspondence: [email protected] (D.A. Nusinow) 6 7 8 Key words: evening complex, clock, light, temperature, hypocotyl elongation, flowering 9 10 11 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/068460; this version posted August 8, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 12 Abstract 13 In Arabidopsis thaliana, an assembly of proteins named the evening complex (EC) has 14 been established as an essential component of the circadian clock with conserved 15 functions in regulating plant growth and development. Recent studies identifying EC- 16 regulated genes and EC-interacting proteins have expanded our understanding of EC 17 function. In this review, we focus on new progress uncovering how the EC contributes to 18 the circadian network through the integration of environmental inputs and the direct 19 regulation of key clock genes. We also summarize new findings of how the EC directly 20 regulates clock outputs, such as day-length dependent and thermoresponsive growth, 21 and provide new perspectives on future experiments to address unsolved questions 22 related to the EC.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Relationships Among Barley and Arabidopsis Core Circadian Clock and Clock-Associated Genes
    J Mol Evol DOI 10.1007/s00239-015-9665-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evolutionary Relationships Among Barley and Arabidopsis Core Circadian Clock and Clock-Associated Genes Cristiane P. G. Calixto • Robbie Waugh • John W. S. Brown Received: 22 September 2014 / Accepted: 6 January 2015 Ó The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The circadian clock regulates a multitude of Keywords Arabidopsis thaliana Á Hordeum vulgare plant developmental and metabolic processes. In crop (barley) Á Circadian clock Á Reciprocal BLAST Á species, it contributes significantly to plant performance Homologue and productivity and to the adaptation and geographical range over which crops can be grown. To understand the clock in barley and how it relates to the components in the Introduction Arabidopsis thaliana clock, we have performed a system- atic analysis of core circadian clock and clock-associated Most living organisms optimise their day/night responses genes in barley, Arabidopsis and another eight species by measuring time and using this information to organize including tomato, potato, a range of monocotyledonous their physiology and morphology in anticipation of daily species and the moss, Physcomitrella patens. We have changes (Chen and McKnight 2007; Green et al. 2002; identified orthologues and paralogues of Arabidopsis genes Okamura 2004). As sessile organisms, plants also rely on which are conserved in all species, monocot/dicot differ- the circadian clock to optimise several physiological pro- ences, species-specific differences and variation in gene cesses, such as expression of chlorophyll biosynthetic copy number (e.g. gene duplications among the various genes after dawn, to optimise chlorophyll content and species).
    [Show full text]
  • University of Dundee Evolutionary Relationships Among Barley And
    University of Dundee Evolutionary relationships among barley and Arabidopsis core circadian clock and clock-associated genes Calixto, Cristiane P. G.; Waugh, Robbie; Brown, John W. S. Published in: Journal of Molecular Evolution DOI: 10.1007/s00239-015-9665-0 Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Discovery Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Calixto, C. P. G., Waugh, R., & Brown, J. W. S. (2015). Evolutionary relationships among barley and Arabidopsis core circadian clock and clock-associated genes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 80(2), 108-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-015-9665-0 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 J Mol Evol (2015) 80:108–119 DOI 10.1007/s00239-015-9665-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evolutionary Relationships Among Barley and Arabidopsis Core Circadian Clock and Clock-Associated Genes Cristiane P.
    [Show full text]
  • CHARACTERIZATION of Pse12, a MUTATION
    CHARACTERIZATION OF pse12, A MUTATION THAT RESTORES PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY IN elf3 MUTANT PLANTS Characterization of pse12, a Mutation that Restores Photoperiod Sensitivity in elf3 Mutant Plants By Ansley Elizabeth Scott A Thesis Presented for the B. A. Degree with Honors in Biology Kenyon College May 2002 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Karen A. Hicks for all of her guidance and help. I would also like to thank my lab and the Department of Biology for their suggestions and support. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family, Donna, Will, and Laine Scott, and my roommate, Jeannette Grullon, for keeping me sane through the process. 3 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………….5 Introduction……………………………………………………………………...6 Materials and Methods……………...…….……………………………………22 Results………………………………………………………………………….28 Discussion……………...……….……………………………………………...42 Works cited…………………………………………………………………….51 4 Abstract Many plants rely on environmental cues such as daylength, or photoperiod, to induce reproduction. The ELF3 gene is vital to photoperiod sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to identify additional genes in this pathway, elf3 mutants were subjected to EMS mutagenesis, and a few plants in the subsequent generations regained photoperiod sensitivity. These double mutants suppress the elf3 mutant phenotype and have been named photoperiod- sensitive suppressors of elf3 (pse). I am working to positionally clone PSE12, and I have discovered its location to be on chromosome 2 at 64 + /– 4 cM. In addition to discovering the position of PSE12, the pse12 mutation was initially characterized and it was found to be a single recessive mutation. Eventually, genes such as PSE12 that are involved in regulating flowering time could be used to genetically alter crop plants, increasing agricultural yields and productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Circadian Clock Gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL Directly Regulates the Timing of Floral Scent Emission in Petunia
    Circadian clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL directly regulates the timing of floral scent emission in Petunia Myles P. Fenske1, Kristen D. Hewett Hazelton1, Andrew K. Hempton1, Jae Sung Shim, Breanne M. Yamamoto, Jeffrey A. Riffell, and Takato Imaizumi2 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800 Edited by Steve A. Kay, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, and approved June 1, 2015 (received for review December 1, 2014) Flowers present a complex display of signals to attract pollinators, (9). Floral scent in Petunia is dominated by volatile benzenoid/ including the emission of floral volatiles. Volatile emission is highly phenylpropanoids (FVBP), a group of organic compounds regulated, and many species restrict emissions to specific times originally derived from phenylalanine (5). FVBP emission relies of the day. This rhythmic emission of scent is regulated by the on the availability of precursor compounds that flow from enzy- circadian clock; however, the mechanisms have remained un- matic reactions in the shikimate pathway and later throughout the known. In Petunia hybrida, volatile emissions are dominated by FVBP metabolic pathways (Fig. 1A). ODORANT1 (ODO1), a products of the floral volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid (FVBP) transcriptional activator gene of FVBP gene expression, exhibits a metabolic pathway. Here we demonstrate that the circadian clock daily oscillatory expression with an evening peak (10). By binding gene P. hybrida LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY; PhLHY) reg- to the promoters of several key enzymes, such as 5-enolpyruvyl- ulates the daily expression patterns of the FVBP pathway genes shikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), ODO1 facilitates the and floral volatile production.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Short Title: Monocot ELF3 Functions in Dicots 1 2 3 4 5 6 Corresponding
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/131185; this version posted May 4, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Short Title: Monocot ELF3 functions in dicots 2 3 4 5 6 7 Corresponding Author: 8 9 Dmitri A. Nusinow, Ph.D. 10 Assistant Member 11 Danforth Plant Science Center 12 975 N. Warson Rd.- Room 3030 13 St. Louis, MO 63132 14 (314)587-1489 15 [email protected] 16 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/131185; this version posted May 4, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 17 Cross-species complementation reveals conserved functions for EARLY FLOWERING 3 18 between monocots and dicots 19 20 He Huang, Malia A. Gehan, Sarah E. Huss, Sophie Alvarez2, Cesar Lizarraga, Ellen L. 21 Gruebbling, John Gierer, Michael J. Naldrett2, Rebecca K. Bindbeutel, Bradley S. Evans, Todd 22 C. Mockler, and Dmitri A. Nusinow* 23 24 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA (H.H., M.A.G., S.A., C.L., 25 J.G., M.J.N., R.K.B., B.S.E., T.C.M., D.A.N.) 26 Webster University, Webster Groves, MO, 63119, USA (S.E.H.) 27 Saint Louis University, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Induced Mutations in Circadian Clock Regulator Mat-A Facilitated Short-Season Adaptation and Range Extension in Cultivated Barley
    Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley Shakhira Zakhrabekovaa, Simon P. Gougha, Ilka Braumanna, André H. Müllera, Joakim Lundqvista, Katharina Ahmanna, Christoph Docktera, Izabela Matyszczaka, Marzena Kurowskab, Arnis Drukac, Robbie Waughc, Andreas Granerd, Nils Steind, Burkhard Steuernageld, Udda Lundqviste, and Mats Hanssona,1 aCarlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark; bDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032, Katowice, Poland; cJames Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom; dLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; and eNordic Genetic Resource Center, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden Edited* by Diter von Wettstein, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, and approved January 24, 2012 (received for review August 11, 2011) Time to flowering has an important impact on yield and has been was much easier (9) and potentially more beneficial. Between a key trait in the domestication of crop plants and the spread of 1941 and 1988, >1,200 early-flowering barley mutants were iso- agriculture. In 1961, the cultivar Mari (mat-a.8) was the very first lated at the Swedish Seed Association (later Svalöf AB), Sweden. induced early barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant to be released Allelism tests using 195 mutants distinguished nine complemen- into commercial production. Mari extended the range of two-row tation groups (Table 1). The praematurum-a (mat-a) mutant spring barley cultivation as a result of its photoperiod insensitivity. group was the largest and covered 85 different alleles. It was also Since its release, Mari or its derivatives have been used extensively found that mat-a mutants were allelic to a mutant with erect across the world to facilitate short-season adaptation and further growth, erectoides-o.16 (ert-o.16) (10) and a series of early maturity geographic range extension.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Short Title: Monocot ELF3 Functions in Dicots 1 2 3 4 5 6 Corresponding
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/131185; this version posted May 1, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Short Title: Monocot ELF3 functions in dicots 2 3 4 5 6 7 Corresponding Author: 8 9 Dmitri A. Nusinow, Ph.D. 10 Assistant Member 11 Danforth Plant Science Center 12 975 N. Warson Rd.- Room 3030 13 St. Louis, MO 63132 14 (314)587-1489 15 [email protected] 16 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/131185; this version posted May 1, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 17 Cross-species complementation reveals conserved functions for EARLY FLOWERING 3 18 between monocots and dicots 19 20 He Huang, Malia A. Gehan, Sarah E. Huss, Sophie Alvarez2, Cesar Lizarraga, Ellen L. 21 Gruebbling, John Gierer, Michael J. Naldrett2, Rebecca K. Bindbeutel, Bradley S. Evans, Todd 22 C. Mockler, and Dmitri A. Nusinow* 23 24 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA (H.H., M.A.G., S.A., C.L., 25 J.G., M.J.N., R.K.B., B.S.E., T.C.M., D.A.N.) 26 Webster University, Webster Groves, MO, 63119, USA (S.E.H.) 27 Saint Louis University, St.
    [Show full text]