WESTERN AUSTRALIA AT WAR 1914

Blackboy Hill The first convoy The 11th Battalion, the 8th Field Artillery Battery and Gallipoli

Teachers’ Handbook

Acknowledgement This resource was developed with the support of the Western Australian Government as part of the commemoration of the Anzac Centenary. Index

1. Rationale

2. Background information for the teacher

3. Excursions

4. Video

5. Newspaper articles

6. Electronic sources a. General b. Blackboy Hill c. 11th Battalion d. 8th Field Artillery Battery(3rd Field Artillery Brigade) e. The ships of the first convoy f. Gallipoli g. Diaries

7. Visual Sources a. Blackboy Hill b. 11th Battalion c. The ships of the first convoy d. Gallipoli e. Individuals

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 Programs of work

There are three separate programs of work to accompany this handbook:

Year 3 Community and Remembrance Relevant teaching point: • Days and weeks celebrated or commemorated in Australia (including ANZAC Day...) and the importance of symbols and emblems. (ACHHK063)

Relevant inquiry question: • How and why do people choose to remember significant events of the past?

Relevant elaboration: • Identifying and discussing the historical origins of an important Australian celebration or commemoration.

Year 6 Australia as a nation Relevant teaching point: There is no directly relevant teaching point, but when considering Australia as a nation the experience of World War I has had a defining influence, particularly through the ANZAC legend.

Relevant inquiry questions:

• How did Australian society change throughout the twentieth century? • What contribution have significant individuals and groups made to the development of Australian society?

Year 9 Depth Study 3 World War I Relevant teaching points: • An overview ... the reasons why men enlisted to fight in the war

• The places where Australians fought and the nature of warfare during World War I, including the Gallipoli campaign

• The commemoration of World War I.

4 Background information

Britain declared war on Germany on the 4thAugust 1914. At the time Australia was involved in an election campaign. Both the candidates pledged support for Britain in the days before the declaration:

Speech by Prime Minister Cook on August 3rd Whatever happens, Australia is a part of the Empire right to the full. Remember that when the Empire is at war, so is Australia at war … I want to make it quite clear that all our resources in Australia are in the Empire and for the Empire, and the preservation and security of the Empire. (Argus, Melbourne, 3rdAugust 1914)

Speech by Labor leader Andrew Fisher during the election campaign We stand united against the common foe … our last man and our last shilling will be offered and supplied to the mother country in maintaining her honour and our honour, if we should happen to come into the conflict. (Argus, Melbourne, 1stAugust 1914)

10thAugust voluntary recruitment for the AIF commenced.

11thAugust enrolments for the 11thBattalion began in Perth and Fremantle and three days later selections began. The 11th Battalion was among the first infantry units raised for the AIF during the First World War. It was the first battalion recruited in Western Australia, and with the 9th, 10th and 12th Battalions it formed the 3rd Brigade.

Some facts about the 11th Battalion: • in 1903 the Perth Rifle Volunteers were renamed the 11th Australian Infantry Regiment • the Battalion was raised at Blackboy Hill Camp on 17thAugust 1914 within days of war being declared • the Battalion was under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James Lyon-Johnston • the majority of men came from Perth, Fremantle and the Goldfields • after ten weeks of preliminary training the volunteers embarked • there is a famous photograph of the 11th Battalion on the Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt prior to landing at Anzac Cove • the Battalion was part of the 3rd Brigade and therefore the first ashore on Anzac Cove at 4:30am on 25th April 1915 • the Battalion served in France and Belgium from 1916-1918 • the Battalion was disbanded th5 February 1919.

17thAugust, the training camp at Blackboy Hill was officially opened. This became the 11th Battalion's and the 8th Field Artillery Battery’s home for the next ten weeks as the men underwent their military training.

5 11th September the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force landed at Rabaul and took possession of German New Guinea at Toma on 17th September 1914 and the neighbouring islands of the Bismarck Archipelago in October 1914.

31st October the 11th Battalion embarked from Fremantle aboard the transport ship HMATAscanius . They were accompanied by the 8th Field Artillery Battery (Western Australia), the 3rd Field Artillery (Army) Brigade, and the 1st Division Ammunition Column 1st Division Artillery aboard the HMAT Medic along with the Japanese cruiser, HIJMS Ibuki. Also on the Medic was the 3rd Field Ambulance which trained at Blackboy Hill.

1st November the remainder of the first convoy departed from Albany. Merchant ships carrying troops from New Zealand, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria together with three cruisers – HMAS Melbourne, HMAS Sydney and the HMS Minotaur. For a brief overview of the remainder of the convoy from Albany see: http://www.anzacalbany.com.au/discover-ww1-albany/albany-november-1914/ 3rd November the two groups joined together off Fremantle to form the complete convoy. 9th November HMAS Sydney was detailed to leave the convoy to investigate reports of an unknown vessel off the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. This was the German cruiser SMSEmden . In the resulting engagement the Sydney defeated the Emden which was beached on North Keeling Island. 15th-17th November the convoy arrived in Colombo. The Sydney rejoined the convoy in Colombo. 25th November the convoy arrived in Aden. 30th November the convoy passed through the Suez Canal. This was after Great Britain had declared war on Turkey. One person on the convoy wrote: Things look a bit queer for us getting through the Suez safely. 1st December the convoy arrived at Port Said and then on December 3rd at Alexandria. For more detail about the journey see the personal log of Arthur Read: http://www.wa.vindicatrix.com/pdf/First convoy to England from Albany.pdf

December 3rd the soldiers disembarked at Alexandria to continue their training at the camp at Mena. For more detail and photos of the camp at Mena see: http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/ww1/mena-camp.htm http://alh-research.tripod.com/Light_Horse/index.blog?topic_id=1106105

December 1914 - March 1915: after four and a half months of training near Cairo, the Australians departed by ship for further preparation on Lemnos, then to the Gallipoli Peninsula.

Some facts about the camp on Lemnos taken from: J. Yiannakis, "Lemnos and Gallipoli. Towards redressing a marginalised history", in Oliver, B and Summers, S (2014) Lest we Forget? Marginalised aspects of Australia at war and peace. Black Swan Press, Curtin University • Lemnos is 100 km from the Gallipoli Peninsula and was not a sideshow but essential to the ANZAC campaign. Lemnos supported the Allies with hospital facilities, recreation, entertainment, an opportunity to practice military manoeuvres (on the beaches and hills) and an assembly point for the April 25 landings. • When the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade arrived in Lemnos on 10 April 1915 there were already 3200 Australians on Lemnos, including the 3rd Australian Infantry Brigade, 1st Field Company of Engineers and the 3rd Field Ambulance. Captain Forrest noted that: "[Mudros was] an ideal harbour, well protected [and] full of ships, transports, warships and hospital ships. Warships of all nations..." (p. 144)

6 • The Greeks built jetties, supplied fresh food and assisted in unloading stores for the soldiers. • Australia, England, France and Canada established military hospitals on Lemnos. The island was used as an intermediate military base, rest camp and convalescent depot. There were water shortages early on, but the troops were supplied with fresh food. The hot springs on Mt Therma were popular with soldiers for recreation and a good wash."It is evident...that Lemnos was crucial to the conduct of the Gallipoli campaign from beginning to end, strategically, logistically, medically and recuperatively..." (p. 150) • In 2002 a memorial to the ANZACs was unveiled near Mudros Harbour.

25thApril 1915 the Australians, including the 11th Battalion, landed at what became known as Anzac Cove where they established a tenuous foothold on the steep slopes above the beach.

August 1915 saw concerted but unsuccessful allied attempts to break through the Turkish lines. These included the Australian attacks at Lone Pine and the Nek.

19th–20thDecember 1915 the evacuation of the troops from Gallipoli occurred under cover of a comprehensive deception operation. No lives were lost during the evacuation.

For a more detailed timeline of the Gallipoli campaign see: http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/5environment/timelines/australia-gallipoli-campaign/january-april- 1915.html then follow through the timeline.

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( Sources Video

ANZAC 1914 The West Australian Story is an excellent short video focussed on the departure of the first convoy from Fremantle. It has been made by David de Vos and is available on the HTAWA website. This video is an ideal introduction to the programs of work: https://vimeo.com/103113524 Newspaper articles

There are two sets of newspaper articles which have been written specifically to commemorate the people involved in World War I from Western Australia.

The first set of articles has been written by Shannon Lovelady as part of theGallipoli Dead from Western Australia Project. These are interesting, informative and often moving stories which are easily accessible to students. Many of the stories involve those who were part of the first convoy. These articles are available on the HTAWA website:http://htawa.net.au/gallipoli_dead.html

The second set has been written by Malcolm Quekett forThe West Australian and includes stories of the ‘Diggers of Giza’ which focuses on the men of the 11th Battalion who were photographed on the Pyramid of Cheops. These stories are currently available at: www.thewest.com.au/anzaccentenary. Students may need some assistance in searching for the individual stories. Electronic Sources

The following is a list of electronic resources readily available to and suitable for students. These have been placed under headings to give greater direction. Some of the sites under the General heading are more suited to teachers and to the Year 9 research program. The more specific sites tend to have precise topic information and are accessible to all year groups.

This is not an exhaustive list, but provides basic information and points from which to start, especially for the research programs. An indication of what is covered at each site is given before the link.

General

Australian War Memorial The Australian War Memorial combines a shrine, a world-class museum and an extensive archive. This is a starting point for student research; however students may need assistance to find relevant information. There are further links to specific information at the Australian War Memorial under the subject headings and the visual links below. https://www.awm.gov.au/

The Education Box: World War I. This box, which can be accessed through the link below, provides information about all of World War I rather than focusing on the first convoy and the Western Australian contribution. These boxes are a great way to involve students, particularly students in the primary years. https://www.awm.gov.au/education/memorial-boxes/

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QV Blackboy Hill

The Road to War and Back is a history of the Blackboy Hill Camp containing many photos and extracts from documents, letters, songs etc. which relate to the focus of these programs. http://roadtowarandback.blogspot.com.au/2013/08/blackboy-hill-is-calling.html Extract from Western Mail 09/12/1937 about the Blackboy Hill Camp http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/37844095 If you have the names of individuals to research: http://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/

A brief summary of the site before and after the war http://www.warmemorials.net/memorials/perth/blkboy/blkboy.htm

Information on the centenary celebration https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/22892116/train-trip-puts-focus-on-blackboy-hill/

11th Battalion The following are some of the more informative sites for the 11th Battalion, however there are other sites. Simply search: 11th Battalion AIF. Most give a sound history of the formation of the Battalion and their embarkation in the first convoy as well as their role in the Gallipoli landing. The subsequent history of the Battalion on the Western Front is also included.

For a full list of the 11th Battalion who embarked onHMAT Ascanius go to: http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1067557/?image=2&fullscreen=true

Australian War Memorial: 11th Battalion https://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11198.asp

Gallipoli and the Anzacs: First to fall http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/1landing/first-to-fall/

Wikipedia 11th Battalion (Australia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Battalion_(Australia)

Western Australian Genealogical Society: • The Cheops Pyramid photo project and the Gallipoli Dead from Western Australia Project http://11btn.wags.org.au/

• http://membership.wags.org.au/special-interest-groups-mainmenu-47/western-australian- sig/gallipoli-check-list

• http://gallipoli.wags.org.au/

Anzacs Online: Makes links to other organisations which give information on the various individual’s service. http://anzacsonline.net.au/category/australian-infantry-battalions/11th-battalion/

11 8th Field Artillery Battery Upon the outbreak of the First World War volunteers, consisting mainly of those from within the existing artillery militia units, were grouped together to form Western Australia’s contribution to the 1st Australian Divisional Artillery. Designated 8th Battery (Western Australia) and assigned to the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade the unit was hastily equipped with quick firing 18 pounders and readied for overseas embarkation.The colours are shown below.

Further information can be found at: http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/ww1/1aif/artillery.htm

For greater detail see: http://www.artillerywa.org.au/3fdregt/history.html

For a full list of the 8th Field Artillery Battery on HMAT Medic go to: http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1067057/?image=8&fullscreen=true#display-image

Note: the WA contingent begins page 7 of the AIF Nominal Roll.

The ships of the first convoy There is a variety of information on the ships of the first convoy. This list includes the ships that left from Fremantle, but also HMAS Sydney, which left from Albany, because of the encounter with the SMS Emden.

HMATAscanius HMAT A11 Ascanius was owned by the Ocean SS Co Ltd, Liverpool, and leased by the Commonwealth until 30 July 1917.

Australian War Memorial: http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/H16157/

Flotilla Australia: Australian Shipping Lines (AUSTRALIAN &NEW ZEALAND ARMY CORP) http://www.flotilla-australia.com/hmat.htm

HMAT Medic HMAT A7 Medic was owned by the Oceanic SN Co Ltd, Liverpool, and leased by the Commonwealth until 26 October 1917.

Flotilla Australia: Australian Shipping Lines (AUSTRALIAN &NEW ZEALAND ARMY CORP) http://www.flotilla-australia.com/hmat.htm

HIJMS Ibuki A brief summary can be found in Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battlecruiser_Ibuki

12 Detailed information on the ship is available at: http://www.cityofart.net/bship/ijn_ibuki.html http://forum.gallipoli-association.org/forum_posts.asp?TID=493&title=ibuki-escort-japanese- battlecruiser

HMAS Sydney For a detailed account of the ship and its World War I history: http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-sydney-i

A good summary is available at: https://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_12593.asp

The story of the encounter with the Emden is well described in both of the following: http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Battle-HMAS_Sydney_v_SMS_Emden_1914- Battle_of_Cocos_Island.htm http://www.navy.gov.au/history/feature-histories/november-1914-australias-first-victory-sea

Gallipoli Most of the following sites are particularly related to the 11th Battalion. They are a starting point, but many more links are available. Two good general sites: https://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11198.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Battalion_(Australia)

The following is an excellent site for information on those who died on 25th April 1915. Follow the link 11th Battalion, then choose individual names to see their details from enlistment to death. http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/1landing/first-to-fall/

The following site gives an excellent account of the background to the Gallipoli campaign: http://www.army.gov.au/Our-history/History-in-Focus/WWI-Gallipoli

For a concise timeline of the Gallipoli campaign, see: http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/5environment/timelines/australia-gallipoli-campaign/january-april- 1915.html then follow through the timeline.

13 Diaries and logs

There are a number of personal diaries and logs available that are relevant to these programs. These include:

The personal log of Arthur Read who was not from Western Australia, but has written and excellent account of the first convoy’s journey: http://www.wa.vindicatrix.com/pdf/First%20convoy%20to%20England%20from%20Albany.pdf

The following two accounts are also not by Western Australians, but have excellent detail about the first convoy and the Gallipoli landing

The diary of Frederick Forrest Third Artillery Brigade tells of the convoy, the training camp at Mena, the period on Lemnos and the Gallipoli landing, battles and withdrawal. This is an excellent and easily read resource. http://www.amosa.org.au/schools/mhp/diaries/War%20diary%20-Frederick%20Forrest.pdf The second hand written diary and some letters are from Benjamin Leane. He was South Australian but was on board the Ascanius. The first link below shows his letters during the voyage to Egypt and the second is a link to his diary. The diary is not easy to read as the link is to Photostat copies of the original handwritten diary. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG0001005/ http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG0001007/?image=12&fullscreen=true#display-image

14 Visual Sources

Almost all photographs shown are from the Australian War Memorial. They have only been used if the copyright has expired and they are in the public domain. The information accompanying the photographs is also from the Australian War Memorial site. These are a small sample of the photographs available from the Australian War Memorial collection. Students are encouraged to find their own examples. Further material is also available at the State Library and other sites listed above.

Blackboy Hill

A recent photograph of the memorial on the site of the camp.

15 ID number A02874 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Unknown Place made Australia: Western Australia Date made 1914 Description Tent lines at Blackboy Hill Camp at Midland Junction. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/A02874/

16 ID number A02827 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Unknown Place made Australia: Western Australia, Blackboy Hill Date made 1914 Description Informal photograph of some of the original members of the 3rd Australian Field Ambulance at mess outside their tents at Blackboy Hill Camp in Western Australia. From left to right: 204 Private (Pte) Albert John Currie; 169A Lance Corporal (L Cpl) Andrew Rhind Davidson; 174A Pte William Lindsay; 202 Pte John Simpson Kirkpatrick also known as John Simpson, 'the man with the donkey' (killed in action 19th May 1915); 206 Pte Frank James Kennedy; 209 Driver (Dvr) Charles Mansfield; 203 Pte Edward Laural Langoulant; 173 Pte Frank Ernest Meachem; 183 Pte John Charles Dinsdale (died of disease 18th February 1915); unidentified. https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/A02827/?image=1

17 ID number A03353 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Unknown Place made Australia: Western Australia, Blackboy Hill Date made September 1914 Description A jovial 182 Private Leonard Darcy and 189 Private John Pratley of the 3rd Australian Field Ambulance, making music with frying pans and kitchen utensils at Blackboy Hill camp, WA. The two men were in the same unit in training camp with Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick, 'The man with the donkey'. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/A03353/

18 ID number H16152 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin Photographer Mitchell, E L Description Western Australia. AIF trainees being inoculated at Blackboy Hill Camp. (Donor A.W. Bazley) http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/H16152/

19 ID number P02077.002

Collection Photograph

Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin

Date made c 1915

Description Blackboy Hill, WA. c. 1915. AIF recruits at the military training camp, peeling potatoes for a meal of stew. 7469 Private Walter Gibson, 11th Battalion, is sitting on the right. (Donor: Battye Library) https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P02077.002

20 The 11th Battalion

ID number RELAWM13307.074 Title Colour patch : 11 Infantry Battalion, AIF Collection Heraldry Object type Colour Patch Maker Unknown Date made c 1915-1918 Physical description Wool flannel Description Horizontally aligned, rectangular wool flannel colour patch, divided brown over light blue, for 11 Infantry Battalion AIF. Summary Worn as a distinguishing unit indication at the head of each sleeve from early 1915. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RELAWM13307.074

21 This extract from the 11th Infantry BattalionUnit War Diary is showing that the Blackboy Hill camp began training on 17/08/1914.

11th Infantry Battalion,Unit War Diary, Australian War Memorial, AWM4 23/28/1 – August 1914 – April 1915. https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1003299/?image=2#display-image

22 ID number H16098 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin Photographer Mitchell, E L Date made 1914 Description Western Australia. 1914. Some of the men of B Company, 11th Battalion, AIF, in their lines at Blackboy Hill Camp. (Donor A.W. Bazley) http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/H16098/

23 ID number P08644.002 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Digital file TIFF Photographer Unknown Place made Australia: Western Australia, Blackboy Hill Date made c November 1914

Description

The 11th Battalion marching out of Blackboy Hill camp where they have been training. The unit embarked from Fremantle on 2 November 1914 bound for further training in Egypt before landing on Gallipoli. Identified second row from the front is 944 Private (Pte) John Salter who is carrying a dark kit bag with his regimental number painted onto it. Pte Salter was shot in the face at during the landing at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915 and sent to England for treatment. He returned to Australia in January 1916 and after recuperating was trained and commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the 51st Battalion. He joined his unit in France in August 1918 and was awarded the Military Cross (MC) for bravery North West of Mont Saint Quentin during the period 10th -20th September 1918. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P08644.002

24 ID number P05717.001 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Digital file TIFF Photographer Unknown Place made Egypt: North Egypt, Mena Date made 10 January 1915 Description Group portrait of all the original officers and men of the 11th Battalion, 3rd Brigade, AIF. The group of over 685 soldiers are spread over the side of the Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) near Mena camp. Officers identified in the front row are, left to right: 2nd Lieutenant (Lt) F P Strickland; 2nd Lt J Newman; Major (Maj) S R Roberts; Lt J H Morgan; Captain (Capt) J S Denton; Capt A E J Croly; Capt Charles A Barnes; Lt K McLennan; Padre Fahey; Lt (later Capt) A P H Corley (later killed in action 17 September 1915); Lt (later Capt) C A La Nauze (later killed in action 28 June 1915); Capt J H Peck; Capt W R Annear; Capt R R Reilly; 2nd Lt M L Reid; Lt D H McDonald; Lieutenant Colonel J L Johnston; Capt R W Everett; Maj E A D Brockman (later MC); Capt E T Brennan; Capt R L Leane; 2nd Lt A H Darnell; 2nd Lt A H Priestley; Lt W H Rockliff; 2nd Lt J H Cooke (later killed in action 2 May 1915 ); 2nd Lt H James (later MC); 2nd Lt C F Buttle; 2nd Lt H H Walker (sitting); Lt J Williams (top). Missing are: 2nd Lt S H Jackson, Lt A R Selby and 2nd Lt A H MacFarlane. Capt Barnes records in his diary: 'After Church this morning the whole Battalion was marched up to the Pyramid (Old Cheops) and we had a photo took or at least several of them.' Amidst the training undertaken by the men, there was time on Sundays, days off and evenings when leave was granted to visit local sites of interest such as the pyramids, the Citadel and the many mosques in Cairo. The trams struggled to keep up with the demand and local transport such as carriages were heavily used. The cafes and restaurants of Cairo were also heavily patronised. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P05717.001/

25 The ships of the first convoy HMAT Medic

ID number H19319 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin Photographer Hood, Samuel J Place made Australia: New South Wales, Sydney Description An autographed souvenir photograph of transport ship HMAT Medic (A7) which embarked from Fremantle for Egypt on the 31st October 1914. The autographs are of soldiers from a number of different units, including the Officer Commanding the troops and the Medic's Captain, J Roberts. The photograph is copied from Captain A H MacFarlane's records. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/H19319/

26 HMAT Ascanius

ID number PB0127 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Barnes, Josiah Place made Australia: Victoria, Melbourne, Port Melbourne Date made 27 May 1916 Description Troops on board HMAT Ascanius (A11), as it departs. A small boat is seen in the left foreground. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/PB0127/

27 HIJMS Ibuki

ID number ART13569 Title HIJMS Ibuki with HMAS Melbourne escorting the first ANZAC convoy Collection Art Object type Painting Artist Arai, Rokuo Place made Japan: Tokyo Date made 1939 Medium oil on canvas Measurement Framed: 237.8 x 324.5 x 17.5 cm Description HIJMS Ibuki with HMAS Melbourne escorting the first Australian and New Zealand convoy in the Indian Ocean 1914. When HMAS Sydney was detached from the convoy to join battle with an enemy ship near the Cocos Islands, HMAS Melbourne was in charge of the convoy. On the 9 November, the Sydney reported having sighted an enemy cruiser, which proved to be the SMS Emden. The Melbourne immediately took station on the convoy's exposed starboard flank and signalled the Japanese cruiserIbuki to join her there for added protection. TheIbuki had also heard the Sydney's report and at once had hoisted her battle-flags, cleared for action and started at full speed in the direction of theEmden . But the safety of the convoy was paramount and the Japanese ship had to be recalled to her allotted station. Later that morning came news of the destruction of theEmden . http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/ART13569/

28 HMAS Sydney and the SMS Emden

ID number H12443 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin Description Cocos Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. 10 November 1914. The German Navy cruiser Emden on the rocks at North Keeling Island as seen from the quarter deck of HMAS Sydney. (Donor Imperial War Museum Q22718) http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/H12443/

29 Gallipoli

ID number P02934.019 Collection Photograph Object types Black & white; Landscape; Date made c April 1915 Physical description Black & white; Landscape; Description Mudros, Greece. c. April 1915. Australian soldiers of the 11th Battalion carrying their kit, board the old battleship HMS London from another ship, probably the destroyer HMS Usk. Captain Armstrong and the Fleet Surgeon are in the foreground. HMS London was one of the ships which transported soldiers from Lemnos to Gallipoli on 25 April 1915. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P02934.019/

30 ID number A02467 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Alfieri Photograph Service Place made Greece: Aegean Islands, Lemnos Date made 24 April 1915 Description Australian troops of the 11th Battalion and 1st Field Company of Engineers assembled on the quarter deck of HMS London, part of the fleet which carried the Australians from Lemnos for the Gallipoli landing at Anzac Cove. Note the improvised anti-aircraft gun mounted on the capstan. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/A02467/

31 ID number A03149 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Unknown Place made Ottoman Empire: Turkey, Marmara, Chanak, Gallipoli Peninsula Description A trench at Quinn's Post at Anzac Cove. The officer in the trench on the right is Lieutenant Archibald, who later became acting Adjutant of the 11th Battalion (probably John Arnold Archibald (later killed in action 24 September 1918). The soldier in the centre, with his head showing above the parapet, is Corporal H M Longmore and the soldier not in uniform is Corporal H A Goodall. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/A03149/

32 ID number A01053 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Unknown Place made Ottoman Empire: Turkey, Dardanelles, Gallipoli Description Two soldiers sitting in the 11th Battalion's Commanding Officer's dugout. The soldier on the right is sitting on the ground writing a letter using a box for support. A kit bag and jacket are hanging next to him and to the right is another jacket and a shovel. Two shrapnel damaged metal boxes are in the left foreground. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/A01053/

33 ID number C03178 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Glass original half plate negative Photographer Unknown Place made Ottoman Empire: Turkey, Marmara, Chanak, Gallipoli Peninsula Date made 1915 Description The original graves of Australians killed in action on the Gallipoli Peninsula, seen behind a barbed wire fence. The grave at left is of 946 Private Thomas William Stokes, 11th Battalion, killed in action on 2 May 1915, aged 21 years. The grave at right belongs to 2087 Corporal (Cpl) Alfred George Croud, 3rd Australian Field Artillery Brigade, killed in action on 7 May 1915, aged 43 years. A native of Kent, England, Cpl Croud served for 21 years in the British Army before enlisting with the AIF on 19 August 1914. (See also C03198) http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C03178/

34 Individuals

ID number P10558.001 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin Makers Midland Junction Studio (Photographer); Unknown (Photographer); Places made Australia: Western Australia, Perth, Midland; Date made 1914 Description Portrait of Private (Pte) 774 Emanuel (Mannie) Percival Davis, 11th Battalion (left) and an unidentified soldier. Pte Davis was a 27 year old commercial traveller from Morawa, WA, when he enlisted at Geraldton, two weeks after the declaration of war. He trained with the first intake of the battalion at the Blackboy Hill training camp, near Perth, before embarking for Egypt and Gallipoli aboard HMAT Ascanius "A11" on 1 November 1914. He died at Gallipoli of wounds received from a shrapnel shell, while his unit was in reserve, on 18 July 1915. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10558.001/

35 ID number P06787.002 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin Photographer Unknown Date made 1914 Description Studio portrait of 150 Private (Pte) Hugh Richard Biggin, 11th Battalion, of Pingelly, WA. A farmer before enlisting in August 1914, Pte Biggin left Australia as an original 11th Battalion member in November 1914 and served on Gallipoli and the Western Front. He was with a lewis gun section at Mouquet Farm when he was killed instantly by a German shell on 20 August 1916, age 25. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P06787.002/

36 ID number P05413.026 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Photomechanical print Photographer Unknown Date made c 1914 Description Studio portrait of 428 Private Herbert Lionel Ingle Finch, 11th Battalion of Fremantle, WA. A bank clerk prior to enlisting, he embarked from Fremantle aboard HMATAscanius (A11) on 2 November 1914. He was wounded in action at the Dardanelles, Turkey and died of his wounds on 28 April 1915, aged 30. He has no known grave and is remembered with honour on the Lone Pine Memorial, Gallipoli, Turkey http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P05413.026/

37 ID number H00143 Collection Photograph Object type Black & white - Print silver gelatin Date made c 1918 Description Studio portrait of Lieutenant James Stanley Morrison 11th Battalion of West Guildford, Western Australia. A 19 year old apprentice analyst with previous service in the Militia with the 89th Infantry prior to enlisting in the AIF on 2 September 1914, he embarked for overseas with C Company, 11th Battalion from Fremantle on 2 November 1914 aboard HMAT Ascanius (A11). While serving at Gallipoli, he was promoted to Corporal on 5 May 1915 and then in July was evacuated to Mudros for medical treatment. After further medical treatment in Egypt, he was returned to Australian in November 1915. He re-embarked as a Sergeant with the 18th Reinforcements of the 11th Battalion from Fremantle on 6 June 1916 aboard HMATSuevic (A29). After arriving in England, he was detached for duty with Headquarters AIF in London in August 1916. He joined the 11th Battalion in France in March 1917 and after being promoted to Second Lieutenant on 26 April 1917, he transferred to the 12th Battalion in May. He was promoted to Lieutenant (Lt) on 16 August 1917 and then was wounded in action (gassed) in Belgium on 6 November 1917. After being evacuated to England for medical treatment, he returned to the 12th Battalion in March 1918. Lt Morrison married Ada Marjorie Stallion in Lambeth, UK on 17 April 1919 and brought her back to Australia where his appointment was terminated in December 1919. http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/H00143/

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