3. Eemian Interglacial: 130 - 117 Ka Bp
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Weichselian Glacial History of Finland Herzen State Pedagogical
Weichselian glacial history of Finland Herzen State Pedagogical University, Department of Geography. St. Petersburg 19.-20.02.2019 Peter Johansson Rovaniemi Helsinki St. Petersburg Granulite Complex 1900 Ma Pre-svecokarelidic base complex 2700 – 2800 Ma Svekokarelides 1800 - 1930 Postsvekokarelidian igneous rocks, rapa- kivi 1540 – 1650 Ma Postsvekokarelidian sedimentary rocks, 1200 – 1400 Ma Caledonides 400 – 450 Ma The zone of weathered bedrock in Finland Investigations of Quaternary stratigraphy Percussion drilling machine with hydraulic piston corer. Sokli investigation area. In the Kemijoki River valley there are often more than one till unit commonly found. They are interbedded with sediment and organic layers (K. Korpela 1969). Permantokoski hydroelectric power station (1) was the key area of the till investigations in 1960’s. RUSSIA In 1970’ s more than 1300 test pits were made by tractor excavator. In numerous sites more than two till beds inter- bedded with stratified sediments occur. (Hirvas et al. 1977 and Hirvas 1991) Moreenipatja II Moreenipatja IV Hiekka Kivien Moreenipatja III Glasfluv. hiekka suuntaus (Johansson & Kujansuu 2005) Older till Younger till Till III Till II Ice-flow directions Deglaciation phase Late Weichselian Middle Weichselian Saalian Unknown Ice divide zone More than 100 observations of subtill organic deposits have been made in Northern Finland. Fifty deposits have been studied: 39 = interglacial, 10 = interstadial and one both. In the picture stratigraphic positions of the interglacial deposits and correlation of the general till stratigraphy of northern Finland. (H. Hirvas 1991) (H. Hirvas 1991) Seeds of Aracites interglacialis (Aalto, Eriksson and Hirvas 1992) The Rautuvaara section in western Lapland has been considered as a type section for the northern Fennoscandian Middle and Late Pleistocene. -
The Problem of . the Cochrane in Late Pleistocene * Chronology
The Problem of . the Cochrane in Late Pleistocene * Chronology ¥ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1021-J A CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY 4 - THE PROBLEM OF THE COCHRANE IN LATE PLEISTOCENE CHRONOLOGY By THOR N. V. KAKLSTROM .ABSTRACT The precise position of the Cochrane readvances in the Pleistocene continental chronology has long been uncertain. Four radiocarbon samples bearing on the age of the Cochrane events were recently dated by the U. S. Geological Survey. Two samples (W-241 and W-242), collected from organic beds underlying sur face drift in the Cochrane area, Ontario, are more than 38,000 years old. Two samples (W-136 and W-176), collected from forest beds near the base and middle of a 4- to 6-foot-thick peat section overlying glacial lake sediments deposited after ice had retreated north of Cochrane, have ages, consistent with stratigraphic position, of 6,380±350 and 5,800±300 years. These results indicate that the Cochrane area may have been under a continuous ice cover from before 36,000 until some time before 4500 B. C.; this conforms with the radiocarbon dates of the intervening substage events of the Wisconsin glaciation. The radiocarbon results indicate that the Cochrane preceded rather than followed the Altither- mal climatic period and suggest that the Cochrane be considered a Wisconsin event of substage rank. Presented geoclimatic data seemingly give a consistent record of a glaciation and eustatic sea level low between 7000 and 4500 B. C., which appears to corre late with the Cochrane as a post-Mankato and pre-Altithermal event. A direct relation between glacial and atmospheric humidity changes is revealed by com paring the glacioeustatic history of late Pleistocene and Recent time with inde pendently dated drier intervals recorded from Western United States, Canada, and Europe. -
Post-Glacial History of Sea-Level and Environmental Change in the Southern Baltic Sea
Post-Glacial History of Sea-Level and Environmental Change in the Southern Baltic Sea Kortekaas, Marloes 2007 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Kortekaas, M. (2007). Post-Glacial History of Sea-Level and Environmental Change in the Southern Baltic Sea. Department of Geology, Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Post-glacial history of sea-level and environmental change in the southern Baltic Sea Marloes Kortekaas Quaternary Sciences, Department of Geology, GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden This thesis is based on four papers listed below as Appendices I-IV. -
Effet Réservoir Sur Les Âges 14C De La Mer De Champlain À La Transition Pléistocène-Holocène : Révision De La Chronologie De La Déglaciation Au Québec Méridional
_57-2-3.qxd 31/08/05 16:17 Page 115 Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 2003, vol. 57, nos 2-3, p. 115-138, 6 fig., 4 tabl. EFFET RÉSERVOIR SUR LES ÂGES 14C DE LA MER DE CHAMPLAIN À LA TRANSITION PLÉISTOCÈNE-HOLOCÈNE : RÉVISION DE LA CHRONOLOGIE DE LA DÉGLACIATION AU QUÉBEC MÉRIDIONAL Serge OCCHIETTI* et Pierre J.H. RICHARD*, respectivement : Département de géographie et Centre GEOTOP-UQAM-McGILL, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8 et Département de géogra- phie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7. RÉSUMÉ L’âge de macrorestes de plantes ABSTRACT Reservoir effect on 14C ages of RESUMEN Datación con radiocarbono del terricoles et une extrapolation fondée sur le Champlain Sea at the Pleistocene-Holocene efecto reservorio del Mar de Champlain pollen des sédiments sous-jacents à la date transition: revision of the chronology of ice durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno: basale du lac postglaciaire de Hemlock Carr retreat in southern Québec. Basal AMS-dates revisión cronológica de la desglaciación en el (243 m), au mont Saint-Hilaire, montrent que on terrestrial plant macrofossils coupled with Québec meridional. La edad de los macrores- la déglaciation locale y est survenue vers an extrapolation from the pollen content of tos de plantas terrestres y una extrapolación 11 250 ans 14C BP (13,3-13,1 ka BP). La underlying postglacial lake sediments at the fundada sobre el polen de los sedimentos datation croisée entre de tels macrorestes Hemlock Carr peatland (243 m), on subyacentes al estrato basal del lago postgla- (10 510 ± 60 ans 14C BP) et des coquilles de Mont Saint-Hilaire, show that local ice retreat ciar de Hemlock Carr (243 m), en el Mont sédiments marins (~12 200 ans 14C BP) pié- occurred around 11 250 14C yr BP (13,3- Saint-Hilaire, muestran que la desglaciación gés au fond du lac Hertel (169 m), voisin, 13,1 ka BP). -
The Uppsala Esker: the Asby-~Ralinge Exposures
The Uppsala Esker: The Asby-~ralingeExposures ERLING LINDSTR~M Lindstrbm, E., 1985 02 01: TheUppsalaEsker: The Asby-~rain~eExposures.-In Glacio- nigsson, Ed.). Striae, Vol. 22, pp. 27-32. Uppsala. ISBN 91-7388-044-2. Detailed field studies of two exposures of the Uppsala esker support the model of subglacial esker formation. Dr. E. Lindstriim, Uppsala university, Department of Physical Geography. Box 554, S-75122 Uppsala, Sweden. Among theories of esker formation three models are con- ~t Asby theesker broadens. Thecrest of the esker is rather sidered classic: level from here to the north with a relative height- of about 35 m. Its height a.s.1. is 62.8 mas compared to the highest 1. Subglacial formation in tunnels at the bottom of the shore line in this area (the Yoldia Sea) which is ca 160 m ice (Strandmark 1885, Olsson 1965, cf. Lindstrom 1973). and the highest limits of both the Ancylus Lake ca 100 m 2. Subaerial formation in open channels in the ice (Holst and the Littorina Sea ca 60 m (Lundeghdh-Lundqvist 1876, Tanner 1928). 1956, p. 90). The esker is modified by subsequent wave 3. Submarginal deltaic formation at the mouths of ice action resulting in the development of shore terraces on tunnels @e Geer 1897). different levels. The esker is surrounded by clay deposits This article will describe and discuss esker sedimentation covered by wavewashed fine sand and sand. as exposed in two sections of the Uppsala esker at Asby- The Asby exposure is composed of two stratigraphic Drtilinge in a subaquatic environment. -
(NSF) Directorate of Geosciences
NSF Proposal accepted for funding March 22, 2007 Target Program: National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorate of Geosciences (GEO): Division of Earth Sciences (EAR): Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology (SGP) Program – proposal submitted July 16, 2006 – proposal accepted for funding March 22, 2007 Title: Consolidation and Calibration of the New England Varve Chronology (NEVC): An Annual Continental Record of Ice Dynamics and Terrestrial Change, 18-11.5 kyr BP John C. Ridge 617-627-3494 or 617-627-2890 Dept. of Geology [email protected] Tufts University Medford, MA 02155 1 1. Project Summary Intellectual merit. Rapid climate change events during deglaciation are closely linked to ice sheet, ocean, and atmosphere interactions. Understanding these interactions requires high resolution comparisons of climate and continental ice dynamics. Although general patterns of Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) variation have been discerned, they are not continuously resolved at a sub-century scale. This lack of continuous, high-resolution terrestrial glacial chronologies with accurate radiometric controls continues to be a limiting factor in understanding deglacial climate. Such records, especially from the southeastern sector of the LIS, can provide critical comparisons to N. Atlantic climate records (marine and ice core) and a rigorous test of hypotheses linking glacial activity to climate change. Consolidation of the New England Varve Chronology (NEVC), and development of its records of glacier dynamics and terrestrial change, is a rare opportunity to formulate a complete, annual-scale terrestrial chronology from 18-11.5 kyr BP. Glacial varve deposition, which is linked to glacial meltwater discharge, can be used to monitor ice sheet ablation and has a direct tie to glacier mass balance and climate. -
The Late Weichselian Glacial Maximum in Western Svalb Ar D
The Late Weichselian glacial maximum in western Svalbar d JAN MANGERUD, MAGNE BOLSTAD, ANNE ELGERSMA, DAG HELLIKSEN, JON Y. LANDVIK, ANNE KATRINE LYCKE, IDA LBNNE, Om0 SALVIGSEN, TOM SANDAHL AND HANS PETTER SEJRUP Mangerud, J., Bolstad, M., Elgersma, A., Helliksen, D., Landvik, J. Y., Lycke, A. K., L~nne,I.. Salvigsen, O., Sandahl, T. & Sejrup, H. P. 1987: The Late Weichselian glacial maximum in western Svalbard. Polar Research 5 n.s., 275-278. Jan Mangerud, Magne Bolstad, Anne Elgersma, Dog Helliksen, Jon Y. Landoik, Anne Katrine Lycke, Ida Lpnne, Tom Sandahl and Hans Pener Sejrup, Department of Geology, Sect. B, Uniuersiry of Bergen, Allkgaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; Otto Saluigsen, Norsk Polarimtitutt, P.O. Box 158, N-1330 Oslo lufthaun, Norway. The glacial history of Svalbard and the Barents Sea during the Linnkdalen is the westernmost valley on the south shore of Late Weichselian has been much debated during the last few Isfjorden (Fig. 1). All mapped glacial striae and till fabrics years; reviews are presented by Andersen (1981), Boulton et al. indicate an ice movement towards the north, i.e. down valley. (1982), ElverhBi & Solheim (1983) and Vorren & Kristoffersen We assume that they exclude the possibility of an ice stream (1986). In our opinion (Mangerud et al. 1984) it is now demon- coming out of Isfjorden at the time of their formation. Strati- strated that a relatively large ice-sheet complex existed over graphic sequences along the river Linntelva cover much of most of Svalbard and large parts (if not all) of the Barents Sea. the Weichselian; all pebble counts, till fabric analyses and One of the main arguments for a large ice sheet is the pattern sedimentary structures measured in these sediments record a of uplift, including the 9,800 B.P. -
Late Weichselian and Holocene Shore Displacement History of the Baltic Sea in Finland
Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement history of the Baltic Sea in Finland MATTI TIKKANEN AND JUHA OKSANEN Tikkanen, Matti & Juha Oksanen (2002). Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement history of the Baltic Sea in Finland. Fennia 180: 1–2, pp. 9–20. Helsinki. ISSN 0015-0010. About 62 percent of Finland’s current surface area has been covered by the waters of the Baltic basin at some stage. The highest shorelines are located at a present altitude of about 220 metres above sea level in the north and 100 metres above sea level in the south-east. The nature of the Baltic Sea has alter- nated in the course of its four main postglacial stages between a freshwater lake and a brackish water basin connected to the outside ocean by narrow straits. This article provides a general overview of the principal stages in the history of the Baltic Sea and examines the regional influence of the associated shore displacement phenomena within Finland. The maps depicting the vari- ous stages have been generated digitally by GIS techniques. Following deglaciation, the freshwater Baltic Ice Lake (12,600–10,300 BP) built up against the ice margin to reach a level 25 metres above that of the ocean, with an outflow through the straits of Öresund. At this stage the only substantial land areas in Finland were in the east and south-east. Around 10,300 BP this ice lake discharged through a number of channels that opened up in central Sweden until it reached the ocean level, marking the beginning of the mildly saline Yoldia Sea stage (10,300–9500 BP). -
Bulletin Vol92 2 77-98 Aberg-Etal
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, Vol. 92, 2020, pp 77–98, https://doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/92.2.001 Weichselian sedimentary record and ice-flow patterns in the Sodankylä area, central Finnish Lapland Annika Katarina Åberg1*, Seija Kultti1, Anu Kaakinen1, Kari O. Eskola2 and Veli-Pekka Salonen1 1Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland 2Laboratory of Chronology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland Abstract Three different till units separated by interstadial fluvial deposits were observed in the Sodankylä area in the River Kitinen valley, northern Finland. The interbedded glaciofluvial sediments and palaeosol were dated by OSL to the Early (79±12 to 67±13 ka) and Middle (41±9 ka) Weichselian. A LiDAR DEM, glacial lineations, the flow direction of till fabrics, esker chains and striations were applied to investigate the glacial flow patterns of the Sodankylä, Kittilä and Salla areas. The analysis revealed that the youngest movement of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet is not visible as DEM lineations within the studied areas. The modern morphology in Kittilä and Salla shows streamlined landforms of various dimensions mainly oriented from the NW and NNW, respectively, corresponding to the Early/Middle Weichselian ice-flow directions inferred from till fabrics. The Late Weichselian ice flow has produced an insignificant imprint on the landforms. This study suggests a northern location for the ice-divide zone during the Early/Middle Weichselian, and a more western–southwestern position during the Late Weichselian. -
Subglacial Groundwater Flow Under the Scandinavian Ice Sheet In
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-13335, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Subglacial groundwater flow under the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in southern Denmark during the Weichselian glaciation and its impact on ice-movement dynamics Rena Meyer (1), Anne-Sophie Høyer (2), Torben O. Sonnenborg (3), and Jan A. Piotrowski (4) (1) Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ([email protected]), (2) Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark, (3) Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark, (4) Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Groundwater is the main source of drinking water supply in Denmark. In southern Denmark, deep Miocene aquifers are increasingly considered as a resource of pristine high quality groundwater. Groundwater in these aquifers is up to several thousands of years old and the recharge conditions experienced significant changes in the past. Understanding the groundwater history is important to ensure sustainable groundwater use and protection from potential contamination. In this study we investigate large-scale changes in the groundwater flow system in southern Denmark during the Quaternary glacial/interglacial cycles with focus on the last (Weichselian) glaciation. Using a finite-difference groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) and a detailed geological representation we show that during the Weich- selian glaciation groundwater flow patterns, directions and depths experienced a full reorganization in relation to the interglacial (modern) time as a result of high potentiometric heads imposed by the ice sheet. Of special interest are the feedback mechanisms between the groundwater flow and the ice sheet dynamics. -
Digital Cover
The Littorina transgression in southeastern Sweden and its relation to mid-Holocene climate variability Yu, Shiyong 2003 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Yu, S. (2003). The Littorina transgression in southeastern Sweden and its relation to mid-Holocene climate variability. Deaprtment of Geology. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 The Littorina transgression in L southeastern Sweden and its relation to mid-Holocene U climate variability N D Q Shi-Yong Yu U LUNDQUA Thesis 51 Quaternary Sciences A Department of Geology GeoBiosphere Science Centre Lund University T Lund 2003 H E S I S LUNDQUA Thesis 51 The Littorina transgression in southeastern Sweden and its relation to mid-Holocene climate variability Shi-Yong Yu Avhandling att med tillstånd från Naturvetenskapliga Fakulteten vid Lunds Universitet för avläggandet av filosofie doktorsexamen, offentligen försvaras i Geologiska institutionens föreläsningssal Pangea, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, fredagen den 14 november kl. -
Vegetation and Climate Changes at the Eemian/Weichselian Transition: New Palynological Data from Central Russian Plain
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers, 16 (2005): 9–17 Proceedings of the Workshop “Reconstruction of Quaternary palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments and their abrupt changes” VEGETATION AND CLIMATE CHANGES AT THE EEMIAN/WEICHSELIAN TRANSITION: NEW PALYNOLOGICAL DATA FROM CENTRAL RUSSIAN PLAIN Olga K. BORISOVA1 Abstract. Palynological analysis of core Butovka obtained from the Protva River basin 80 km south-west of Moscow (55º10’N, 36º25’E) provides a record of vegetation and climate change in the central Russian Plain spanning the Last Interglacial and the beginning of the following glacial epoch. Pollen profiles of the Mikulino (Eemian) Interglaciation in the Central Russian Plain show a distinctive pattern of the vegetation changes, reflecting an increase in temperatures to- wards the optimum phase of the interglaciation followed by a gradual cooling. Rapid climatic deterioration, manifesting an onset of the Valdai (Weichselian) Glaciation, took place after a slower cooling accompanied by increasing humidity of climate during the post-optimum part of the Mikulino Interglaciation. The interglacial/glacial transition had a com- plex structure, being marked by a sequence of secondary climatic oscillations of varying magnitude. A decreasing role of mesophilic plants and an increase in abundance and diversity of the xerophytes and plants growing at present in the re- gions with highly continental climate in the Butovka pollen record suggests that during the Early Valdai the climate grew both more continental and arid. With this tendency at the background, two intervals of climatic amelioration can be dis- tinguished. Both of them are marked by the development of the open forest communities similar to the contemporary northern taiga of West Siberia.