As we go to press: THE Where we stand in circulation and fund campaigns. See pages 6, 7. A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE VOL. 51/NO. 45 DECEMBER 11, 1987 $1.00

Cuba-U.S. A 'peace-keeping' force immigration won't aid Haitian people pact

BY SUSAN LaMONT renewed Calls for military intervention in Haiti have been raised since the November 29 BY MARGARET JAYKO presidential elections in that country were The recent agreement between Havana canceled by Gen. Henri Namphy, head of and Washington to reinstate an immigra­ Haiti's U.S . -backed military government, tion pact originally signed in 1984 commits in the wake of violence by armed thugs Washington to allowing up to 27,000 Cu­ aimed at stopping the elections. bans to emigrate legally to the United On November 30 Walter Fauntroy, con­ States each year. gressional delegate . from Washington, The Justice Department will also renew D.C., called for an international "peace­ moves to deport nearly 2,600 Cubans back keeping" force to be sent to Haiti, revers­ to their homeland. This decision sparked ing his earlier position opposing such ac­ rebellions by Cubans being held in prisons tion. "The only hope for the people [of in Atlanta, Georgia, and Oakdale, Haiti] is international intervention," he Louisiana, which put a spotlight on the un­ said. Fauntroy has been a leading congres­ constitutional imprisonment and racist sional spokesperson on Haiti· treatment of thousands of Cuban immi­ The December I New York Times, in an grants by federal authorities. editorial titled "Who Can Protect the Hai­ On Dec. 14, 1984, the U.S. and Cuban tians?", urged the U.S. government to governments announced an immigration "consider more direct action by Latin agreement with the provision that Cuba American democracies, perhaps even an would accept the return of 2,746 exiles inter-American force to help keep the who left their homeland during the 1980 peace and oversee the election." Mariel boatlift in exchange for Washing­ The same day Associate Editor A.M. ton's resumption of Cuban immigration Rosenthal's column in the Times was titled into the United States. "For U.S. Intervention in Haiti." He urged a UN or Organization of American States Militant/Harvey McArthur The current agreement stipulates that peace-keeping force for Haiti. If efforts to Haitian soldiers disrupt July protest in Port-au-Prince Washington would allow up to 20,000 Cu­ put together military intervention under bans who do not have immediate family members in the United States to come. In broader auspices fail, however, Washing­ ment since it assumed power following the nounced that it would continue financing addition, it is estimated that immediate ton should send in its own troops, in his massive popular upsurge that drove dic­ the Haitian regime. view. Such intervention would be an "act tator Jean-Claude Duvalier from Haiti in family members who would emigrate to the United States would number 3,000 a year. of self-interest and of honor," he stated, February 1986. Duvalier and his late Assaults by pro-Duvalier forces And those seeking political asylum would and would have the support of the U.S. father, "Papa Doc," had enjoyed U.S.­ A wave of violent assaults, arson, and be another 3,500 people. people. govemment support throughout their 30- murder aimed at blocking the elections A Miami Herald editorilll on December year reign of terror over the Haitian people. grew in the weeks leading up to November The Cuban government suspended the 2 titled "Time to Invade Haiti" expressed Outrage over the election violence, how­ 29, carried out by armed thugs, known as 1984 agreement in May 1985 in response similar views. ever, forced Washington to announce it Tontons Macoutes, who supported ousted to Washington's "cynical and provocative The current military regime in Haiti has was cancelling military and economic aid dictator Duvalier. The ruling military decision" to start propaganda broadcasts enjoyed the blessing of the U.S. govern- to Haiti. The French government an- Continued on Page 13 into Cuba via "Radio Jose Marti," named after Cuba's national hero. The new agreement says that Washing­ ton will "find a way" to help the Cuban government be able to broadcast its pro­ Frame-up trial of Ky. miners opens grams into the United States. BY JIM UTILE is hostile," defense attorney Garis Pruit re­ government claims they were "conspiring" Cuba's immigration policy ASHLAND, Ky. -Four coal miners plied in his opening remarks. to shoot at scab haulers. Since the triumph of the Cuban revolu­ went on trial in federal court here Potential jurors had to reveal if they had Coal boss Charles Carlton testified that tion in 1959, the policy of the Cuban gov­ November 24 on charges related to the ever belonged to a union, walked a picket he was on hand the day of the shooting. ernment has been to allow those who want death of scab coal hauler Hayes West dur­ line, or have family members who belong While he elaborated at length about the to leave Cuba to do so. Cuban President ing the 1984- 1985 mine workers' strike at to a union. "violence" of the strikers, Carlton also Fidel Castro has explained that building A.T. Massey Coal Co. operations in east­ Witnesses are asked if "they ever saw swore under oath that no company security socialism is a task for free men and free em Kentucky and southern West Virginia. these men on the picket line" as if it were a men had fired a weapon at the strikers or women. Those who don't want to partici­ The union members on trial are Donnie crime to picket. committed other violent acts against them pate can leave anytime. Thornsbury, president of United Mine The defendants do not contend that they or their families. The problem has consistently been that Workers of America (UMW A) Local didn't picket. In fact, two of them can The truth is, however, that A. T. Massey Washington has been unwilling to take 2496; James Darryl Smith; Arnold Height­ prove they were picketing at the time the Continued on Page 6 Continued on Page 13 land; and David Thornsbury. They are charged with shooting at a truck used in in­ terstate commerce, conspiracy, and with a firearm violation. If convicted, they can be sentenced to life in prison. 3,000 South African troops invade Angola Another union member, Paul Smith, BY NORTON SANDLER by Jonas Savimbi, which is heavily bank­ try. South African heavy artillery, along faces the same charges, but he will be tried with antitank and antiaircraft missiles sup­ separately. The incident leading to West's Three thousand South African troops, rolled and organized by both Pretoria and supported by armored cars, aircraft, and the U.S. government, has been waging a plied by Washington, were used against the death took place near the Samoyed mine in Angolan soldiers. Canada, Kentucky. heavy artillery, have been fighting Ango­ dirty war against Angola. And Pretoria has lan army forces since early October. repeatedly sent its troops into Angola in According to Angola's Deputy Foreign All five are being held without bail. Minister Venancio de Moura, South Afri­ Family members explain that they haven't The apartheid regime claims that its in­ support of UNITA. Washington and Pretoria are trying to can frogmen blew up a bridge on the always known where the men are confined vasion of Angola has prevented a major de- Lomba River, enabling South African because they have been moved frequently. force the Angolan government to stop sup­ porting the South West Africa People's Or­ troops and UNITA forces to encircle An­ Defense attorneys have _also had difficulty gola's 47th Battalion. Angolan troops gaining access to the miners. ganisation (SW APO). SWAPO forces are On-the-spot report from fighting to liberate Namibia, which borders broke out of the encirclement in early With the help of the courts and the cops, November, after the heaviest fighting in Massey succeeded in defeating the IS­ African National Congress on southern Angola, from South Africa's colonial occupation. the war. De Moura said 200 Angolans were month UMW A strike. In a sense, that meeting in Tanzania, page 2. killed and 500 wounded. He also said 237 strike and the miner's union itself is now Washington and Pretoria also want to re­ verse the gains of the Angolan revolution. South African soldiers were killed and that on trial in this Ashland courtroom. the apartheid regime had lost 36 military And they want to force the removal of The frame-up of the defendants is being feat of the counterrevolutionary bands.try­ vehicles and 39 airplanes in the battle. orchestrated by the U.S. government. In ing to topple Angola's government. Cuba's internationalist volunteers from his opening remarks, U.S. Attorney Angola, who have served as a deterrent to Angola's President Jose Eduardo dos Thomas Self painted a picture of Massey The Angolan people have not had a mo­ South African aggression sim;e 197 5. Santos appealed to other African leaders to under siege from union members who had ment's peace since winning independence Pretoria's current invasion, one of the "undertake the necessary action to strengthen Angola's defense." no reason to picket. from Portugal 12 years ago. The terrorist largest since 1975, began in October as "Any time the union or the United Mine army of the National Union for the Total Angolan soldiers were pursuing UNITA On November 3, as evidence of South Workers is involved, the U.S. government Independence of Angola (UNIT A), headed troops in the southeastern part of the coun- Continued on Page 2 ANC's 75th birthday celebrated

BY SAM MANUEL Tambo noted that faced with an insolu­ occupied country of Namibia. ARUSHA, Tanzania, Dec. 2 - "The ble general crisis, the apartheid regime has He was joined at the opening of the con­ peoples of the world against apartheid, for raised the issue of negotiations. ference by Sam Nujoma, president of the a democratic South Africa" is the theme of The ANC leader reaffirmed that negotia­ South West Africa People's Organisation. the international conference here spon­ tions can take place only if the regime takes sored by the African National Congress. the political steps to create a climate for "We in SWAPO have always regarded The conference opened yesterday and ends them. The necessary measures include re­ the struggle of the South African people as December4. lease of all political prisoners, unbanning intrinsically linked with our own," Nujoma The meeting culminates activities held of the ANC and all other political organiza­ said. around the world this year to mark the 75th tions, and dismantling of the apartheid sys­ Nujoma called for a stepped-up cam­ anniversary of the founding of the ANC, tem. Tambo also reiterated his rejection of paign for the immediate implementation of the leading liberation organization in South the regime's demand that the ANC re­ United Nations Resolution 435, which Africa. nounce or suspend the armed struggle and calls for the withdrawal of South African In opening the conference, ANC Presi­ renounce its alliance with the South Afri­ forces from Namibia. can Communist Party. dent Oliver Tambo stated, "We are most Other speakers included Julius Nyerere, pleased that so many of you could come to Tambo concluded by condemning the former president of Tanzania, and repre­ participate in this conference, and we take current South African military offensive in sentatives of the Organization of African Kopec this as a practical demonstration of your Angola and called for the immediate with­ Unity and the Movement of Nonaligned Oliver Tambo, president of ANC, gave commitment. to fight side by side with us drawal of South African forces from the Countries. opening address. until the apartheid crime against humanity is a thing of the past. ''The comrades who have come from home [South Africa] will return to tell our people that the world is with us. With that South Mrica troops invade Angola message ringing in their ears, millions will become unstoppable," Tambo said. Continued from front page bombed Angolan army positions in 1985 as knowledge and agreement of both parties Some 600 people are attending the con­ African casualties in the fighting mounted, they were registeri(lg advances against in Congress. Moreover, there is no signifi­ ference. They include activists in trade Pretoria claimed that 12 of its soldiers had UNITA. . . cant voice on Capitol Hill calling for union, youth, religious, and anti-apartheid died in a "preemptive ~trike" in Angola reinstatement of the Clark Amendment. organizations from throughout Africa, against SWAPO guerrillas. Washington's role " Europe, and North America. Terrorist attacks But on Nov~mber 11, spokespeople for As Portuguese ,<;olonialism collapsed i~ . . _, - . Fifteen participants came _from. _the 'he aparilieid regim~~ a91Qlowledged for the Angola, the U.S. government reg~n giving ln its of>et:!ltions in Angola, UNITA has United States. They' irich:ide Cleveland first time that its forces ' were fighting in millions of dollars to UNITA and the An­ concentrated. on destroying bridges, rail­ Robinson and Jim Bell of the Coalition of support of UNIT A. golan National Liberation Front (FNtA). way lin,es, and ecqnomieprojects. Every Black Trade Unionists, and Lennox Hinds South African Gen. Jannie Geldenhuys The ·hope ~as that 'agroup symp~thetictg factory, government building, and health of the National Conference of Black said they had invaded because "Russians Washington's aims in tfie region, instead of clinic inside the country must be guarded Lawyers. There are representatives from and Cubans" had joined the fighting the MPLA, would emerge as the lUling against attack. the American Committee on Africa, Wash­ alongside the Angolan army. party in Angola. - · Angola has been forced to pour $12 bil­ ington Office on Africa, National Council . This contradicted repeated statements by Washington's _ability to ·intervene di­ lion into the war. More than 60,000 people of Churches, and the Socialist Workers UNITA head Savimbi that his ·soldiers had rectly in the struggle was limited by the have died, and 600,000 of'the country's 8 Party. forced the Angolan army to retreat. widespread opposition of the U.S. people million people have been forced to flee It was revealed a few days later that to another Vietnam-style war. from the countryside into the cities. · A large delegation came from Britain, Because of that opposition, the Senate Much of the arable land has been de­ · including representatives of the anti-apartc South African President Pieter Botha and five cabinet members had gone to Angola adopted the Clark Amendment in late stroyed. There is growing famine, and heid movement, the Labour Party, and the 1975, which formally barred U.S. funding 4,000 people have died from cholera in the National Union of Mineworkers. Other in­ in early November to visit South African troops. to UNIT A and other opponents of the An­ capital city of Luanda so far this year. ternational delegations include those from golan government. India, Iran, Malaysia, and Nicaragua. For years, Pretoria and Washington have South African intervention For the next decade, the U.S. govern­ tried to give the appearance that UNIT A is The largest delegations have come from The People's Movement for the Libera­ ment was forced to conceal the support it a struggling national liberation group fight­ countries in Africa. Leading figures from tion of Angola (MPLA) waged a long and provided UNIT A. ing Soviet and Cuban aggression in the the union and anti-apartheid movements in successful guerrilla struggle against Por­ In 1985, at the urging of the Reagan ad­ area. Moreover, Washington and Pretoria South Africa had planned to attend. How­ tuguese colonial domination. As the Por­ ministration, Congress agreed to repeal the have claimed that Savimbi's army is a ever, all but five were prevented from tuguese prepared to leave in 1975, South Clark Amendment. force capable of standing up to the Angolan doing so by the South African government. African troops invaded Angola. The The House of Representatives voted in army, as a way to cover up the massive The central theme of the conference has MPLA government survived with the aid September 1986 to give the Reagan admin­ U.S. and South African role. been the fight to impose international, of tens of thousands of Cuban volunteers, istration the go-ahead to provide covert On November 12, Savimbi put captured comprehensive, and mandatory sanctions who helped the Angolan soldiers drive out arms to UNIT A. A bipartisan majority re­ Cuban pilots Manuel Rojas and Ramon against the apartheid regime. the invaders. jected a proposal that would have blocked Quezada on display for reporters. He such aid unless it was openly approved by Tambo emphasized, "We think it is most South African troops have since re­ claimed the Cubans were shot down while peatedly invaded the southern part of An­ Congress. bombing UNIT A forces. important that the campaign for sanctions The CIA has acknowledged providing should be intensified. We expect that the gola. The Cuban pilots denied the charge, In 1981 peasants were forced to flee UNITA with $15 million a year in military explaining that they were shot down while conference will adopt a program of action hardware, including antitank and antiair­ to give effect to this goal." their homes in southern Angola as South on a reconnaissance mission. The pilots African forces burned and bombed towns craft missiles over the past tw<;> years. told the press that Cuban forces in Angola Tambo explained that while significant and crops. In· February 1987 the' New York Times are in "permanent positions," and that progress has been made toward imposing The United Nations reported in 1983 that reported that U.S. C-130 and C-14lsupply "anything said other than that is an outright sanctions tm the racist regime, more effec­ 10,000 Angolans had been killed in attacks planes were making airdrops to UNIT A lie." tive action has been blocked by the con­ by South Africa. In December of that year, forces.from bases in Zaire. By July the The Cuban and Angolan governments tinued refusal of the major Western powers · the apartheid forces struck hundreds · ·of number of drops was·up to four tq five a have repeatedly explained · ·that Cuban - particularly the United States, Britain, miles into Angola, again inflicting heavy week. · · . .. troops play a defensive rdie in protecting and West Germany- to act more deci­ damage and taking hundreds more lives. This growing tJ.s. involvement in the Angola and that they are in the country at sively against apartheid. The South African air force massively war, in Angola is being carried ou~ with the the request of the government. :· - ~ The Militant tells the truth - Subscribe ·today! ·- The Militant "The Militant gives us the opportunity to understand the relationship be­ Closing news date: December 2, 1987 . Coeditors: MARGARET JA YKO and DOUG JENNESS tween the different struggles of workers in the United States, as well as the re- ., Circulation Director: NORTON SANDLER Nicaragua Bureau. Director: LA~RY SEIGL-E lationship of these struggles to those.our .fellow workers-~ge in other parts of Business Manager: JIM.WHITE the world. · · · . Editorial Staff: Susan Apstein, Fred Feldman, Anhur Hughes, Cindy Jaquith, Roberto Kopec (Nicaragua), Susan LaMont, Sam "Only with the knowledge of this relationship can ~e1,1nderstandthe need to Manuel, Harvey McArthur (Nicaragua), Harry Ring. unite our forces against a commortenei:ny; im.perialism." · · Published weekly except one week in August and the last week of December by the Militant (ISSN 0026-3885), 410 - Carlos Hernande,z West St., New York, N.Y. HXll4. Telephone: Editorial Of­ fice, (212) 243-6392; Telex, 497-4278; Business Office, (212) a leader of the JS-month strike by 929-3486. Teamsters Local 912 against Norcal Frozen Food Co., Watsonville, Calif. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes of address should be addressed to The Militant Business Of­ Enclosed is fice,410WestSt.,NewYork, N.Y.l00l4. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. POSTMAS­ D $4.00 for 12 weeks, new readers TER: Send address changes to The Militant, 410 West St., D $9.00 for 12 weeks, renewals New York, N.Y. 10014. Subscriptions: U.S.,.Canada, Latin D $17.00 for six months America: for one-year subscription send $30, drawn on aU .S. D $30.00 for one year 0 $55.00 for two yean bank, to above address. By first-class (airmail), send $65 . Britain, Ireland, Continental Europe, Africa: send £25 Nmne ____~------check or international money order made out to Pathfinder Addreea Press and send to Pathfinder, 47 The Cut, London SEl 8LL, 1 City ------State Zlp ______England. Australia, Asia, Pacific: send Australian $60 to Telephone ______Union/School/Organization ______Pathfinder Press, P.O. Box 37, Leichhardt, Sydney, NSW 2040, Australia . . Send to THE MILITANT, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent the Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 The Militant December 11, 1987 Labor.rally backs Maine paper strike Int'l Paper stages provocation at mill gate; strikers plan to 'go nationwide'

BY SUSAN LaMONT lost union spirit throughout the country. AND JON HILLSON But because of Reagan's offensive, it has JAY, Maine-Unfazed by sub-freezirig begun to tum around." weather, 3,000 striking paperwork:ers and Describing how the strike has brought their supporters staged a militant march workers from different unions together, he past International Paper Co.'s Androscog­ continued, "Up until the last year or two, gin mill here November 21 to show the paperworkers, ship builders, carpenters - unity of their strike against IP, now in its everyone had their own concerns. When sixth month. the companies' offensive started, the com­ Hundreds of strikers - members of mon concerns of the unions pulled us to­ United Paperwork:ers International Union gether. The war is against the unions, not (UPIU) Local 14 and Firemen and Oilers just the UPIU." Local 246 - were joined by family mem­ He described the paperwork:ers' decision bers, community supporters, unionists to strike when IP refused to back off from from around New England, and a few the concessions it demanded, including an union members from New York:, Pennsyl­ end to Sunday premium pay, elimination of vania, and New Jersey. Christmas as a shutdown holiday, and a Workers from the construction trades, plan to boost productivity. The company shipbuilders, electrical workers, UPIU even refused to accept the unions' offer to members from other paper mills, rail work­ extend the old contract for two more years. ers on strike against Guilford Transporta­ Describing IP's stonewalling at the few tion in New England, garment workers, negotiating .sessions that have been held and other unionists came to show solidarity since the strike began June 16, Meserve with the I ,250 striking IP workers. said, "Every time we meet, IP gets hard­ The day's events began with a brief rally er." At the last session, he said, "IP only at the Jay community building, where wanted to negotiate welfare benefits for the weekly union/family meetings are held. strikers, like retraining and relocation." Those attendirig had a chance to get ac­ IP's current stance is that the 1,000 scabs Militant/Margrethe quainted with each other at the well"'()r­ who now work in the mill are permanent International Paper tried to provoke November 21 demonstrators by unfurling Con­ ganized commissary set up by strike sup­ employees. federate flag from mill roof. Local 14 Viee-president FeUx Jacques (center) and porters iri the basement. After grabbing a Meserve also reported that scabs work­ others angrily shouted for flag to be removed. cup of coffee or a bite to eat, everyone ing at the mill had filed a petition with the came upstairs and listened to several speak­ National Labor Relation~ Board asking for ers, including officials from the Maine new union representation elections to be crowd briefly. gust 11 union/family meeting "inappro­ held at the mill, marking the possible be­ A few days later, nearly 1 , 000 strikers priately and irresponsibly inciteful," as IP ginning of an effort to decertify the unions. and supporters - in an upbeat mood after had charged, and cited the speech as a (The NLRB announced November 23 that the successful November 21 action -at­ reason for the stiff fines. the petition was being deferred "pending tended a Thanksgiving~eve union/family Brody also foundiP "technically in vio­ disposition of the labor charges on both meeting where the latest developments in lation" of the injunction, but declined to sides.") the strike were reported. State AFL-CIO levy any fines against the company. He field organizer Pete Kellman announced dismissed charges brought by the union Ray Rogers hired that labor "ambassadors"- as the locals' against 35 scabs. He concluded by describing the financial outreach speakers are known- will be ad­ The Federal Mediation and Conciliation contributions and widespread solidarity the dressing 13 union speaking engagements in Service has summoned the UPIU and IP to locals have received from other workers Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Washington, D.C. , for talks on the strikes and announced plans to "go nationwide" New Jersey, and Maine during the week and lock-outs on December 2. with the fight against IP. This announce­ after Thanksgiving. An even bigger effort is planned for Jan­ ment was greeted by foot-stomping and JAY, Mairie - Bryce Thomas, who cheeririg from the crowd. It referred to the uary, when the Jay locals will send a 50- member strike caravan to 17 Maine cities died suddenly of a heart attack on decision to hire Ray Rogers's Corporate November 14, was a "victim of our strug­ Campaign to help coordinate a national for demonstrations, community leafleting, mass meetings, labor dances, and labor gle, our battle," UPIU Local 14 President "grassroots" campaign in support of the Bill Meserve told a hushed crowd here strikers in Jay, as well as workers on strike outreach. On November 23, Superior Court Judge November 18. Some 1,200 strikers and or locked out at other IP mills in DePere supporters stood for a moment of silence to Wisconsin; Lock Haven, Pennsylvania; Morton Brody found locals 14 and 246 in contempt of his July 7 injunction governing honor the 48-year-old unionist who had and Mobile, Alabama. The decision was spent 29 years working for International strike conduct. finalized on November 23 by the UPIU In­ Paper. ternational Executive Board. While Brody could find no evidence that Thomas was a strike shift coordinator Rogers helped organiZe solidarity in the the union "directly instigated" actions and took responsibility no one else wanted, hard-fought 1985-86 meat-packers' strike against company property, scabs, or strike­ Meserve said, "the 3:00 a.m. to 7:00a.m. against Geo. A. Hormel and Co. in Austin, breaking contractors, he stated that such picket line." Minnesota. Earlier, he worked on behalf of actions were "condoned" by the union and "If you had any kind of problem, you AFL-CIO and UPIU Local 14 President southern textile workers in their efforts to fined the locals $10,000. Of the 18 workers came to him," he said, indicating the re­ Bill Meserve. organize J.P. Stevens. charged, four were found guilty of con­ spect his fellow unionists had for him. He After the indoor rally, everyone went tempt, but were told they could "purge" was "steady all the time." Meserve's speech outside, piled into cars and pick-ups, and themselves of the verdict by complying Thomas discovered the body of his Explaining the background to the strike, drove to a lot down the road from the mill, with the order. younger brother, who also worked in the Meserve said, "In 1981, we had PATCO where the marchers reassembled. Having Brody also found UPIU International mill, after he was crushed in the No. 2 paper [referring to the air traffic controllers' secured a three-hour suspension of the President Wayne Glenn's speech to the Au- machine.in an accident in 1966. strike broken by Reagan]. This was the sig­ court injunction limiting pickets at the mill nal for corporations throughout America to gates, the demonstrators, led by a group of 'go for it.' In 1987, we have IPCO. strikers' children, marched toward the New York City "The only way to beat the corporations is mill, chanting "Scabs out, union in" and with solidarity. We have that in this fight. waving homemade signs. Pathfinder For too long, we were complacent .... We Company provocation invites you to celebrate the publication of Big cheers greeted the pickets who were Marcos sued in deaths on the duty at the gates as the marchers went by. As the crowd assembled in front of Seattle unionists of the main gate and began singing "Sol­ Che Guevara and the Cuban Revolution idarity Forever," a large Confederate flag Federal Judge Barbara Rothstein ruled was unfurled from the roof of the mill, Writings and Speeches of Ernesto Che Guevara November 4 that ousted Philippines dic­ where IP security guards were watching tator Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos and filming the demonstration. can be defendants in a civil rights suit The marchers' anger grew as the crowd Sunday, Dec. 6, Reception, 3 p.m.; program, 4 p.m. brought by the estates of Gene Viernes and moved closer to the gate and shouted for Silme Domirigo. the flag - which the unionists see as a Mabel Dean Bacon High School Annex, 240 2nd Ave. The two anti-Marcos activists, officers symbol of scabherding ~nd .union-busting (near 15th St.), Manhattan of International Longshoremen's and - to be taken down. The cops backed Warehousemen's Local37 in Seattle, were away from the gate, and the marchers de­ Speakers: David Deutschmann, editor of the new Che Guevara gunned down on June 1, 1981. A growing bated what to do. Recognizing the com­ body of evidence points to agents of the pany's provocation for what it was, the book; Gus Newport, former mayor of Berkeley, Calif., and co­ Marcos dictatorship, which fell last year, demonstrators moved away from the gate, chair of U.S. Peace Council; Roger Green, N.Y. state assembly­ as the murderers. with the help of the union's marshals. A man and chair of N.Y. State Black and Puerto Rican Legislative The court ruled that the Marcoses are no big roar went up as the flag was lifted from Caucus; Teresa Walsh, Venceremos Brigade national office; Ray longer entitled to head-of-state immunity. the roof. A few minutes later it was Santiago, secretary-treasurer, Farm Labor Organizing Commit­ "The Marcoses have provided no case law" brought down and thrown over the fence to tee; Andres Gomez, editor of Arefto; Monica Nashandi, South showing that head-of-state immunity ex­ the demonstrators, who tore it into small West Africa People's Organisation. tends to acts of political terrorism or mur­ pieces. der, that is, acts clearly outside the purview Before the march returned to the com­ For more information call Pathfinder Bookstore of any governmental leader's rights, re­ munity center, Democratic presidential 79 Leonard St., N .Y. (212) 226-8445 or 741-0690. sponsibilities, and duties." candidate Richard Gephardt addressed the

December 11, 1987 The Militant 3 The day after: how stock exchange almost disintegrated . .

BY FRED FELDMAN much vaster amounts of capital from The New York Stock Exchange nearly around the capitalist world that were at disintegrated on October 20 - the day stake. The stock exchange boom, like the after the $500 billion crash in stock prices, U.S. economic upturn as a whole, had reporters James . Stewart and Daniel been powered in part by an enormous flow Hertzberg revealed in the November 20 of capital into this country from abroad. Wall Street Journal. The Wall Street panic As signs accumulated that a recession sparked the near collapse of the Chicago was approaching and as fears grew that markets, and rolled on into the stock mar­ banks and other financial institutions were kets of Western Europe and Asia. becoming more unstable, a near-catas­ Disintegration was headed off by a res­ trophe was triggered. cue operation engineered by big invest­ After the close of trading on October I9, ment banks and corporations, and powered the Journal team explained, the situation by a massive flow of money from the gov­ got worse. Major investment firms had ernment's Federal Reserve Bank. gone massively into the red in an effort to Stewart's and Hertzberg's blow-by-blow calm the market by buying up stock from account highlighted both the devastating panic-stricken speculators. These firms Stock exchange dealers review orders to buy and sell stocks and futures in wake of character of the crash itself, and the vul­ then found that banks would not extend nerability today of the entire structure of them further credit to finance these pur­ October 19 crash. The next day, it required massive intervention by government's capitalist industry, finance, and trade to chases or future ones. Federal Reserve Bank, investment bankers, and major corporations to head off fur­ catastrophic shocks and disruptions. One investment banker described being ther plunge in prices, a shutdown of markets, and breakdown of credit and finance told on five occasions that night by repre­ institutions. Role of stock markets sentatives of Bankers Trust Co. that "they October 19 "was the worst [day] in Wall were in no position to make commit­ Stock exchange chairman John Phelan l)SX and other corporations announced Street's history," explained Stewart and ments." told the Journal that shutting the Big Board major buybacks of their stock from inves­ "If credit dried up," Stewart and would have radically deepened the crisis. It tors frantically trying to sell. According to Hertzberg pointed out, "securities firms "would be taken as an extremely bad sign," the Journal reporters, representatives of could start to collapse, much as the banks he said, predicting that the shattering of First Boston and other investment banks What are stocks, bonds, did after the I929 crash." Officials of the confidence would be irreparable. "If we had called up their lists of corporate clients options, and futures? Federal Reserve Bank "saw a real threat of close it, we would never open it." to urge this move, no doubt offering the gridlock developing in the markets: Even Instead of shutting down, a major rescue necessary guarantees about credit. The ex­ the simplest financial transaction might operation was launched. changes in New York and Chicago began Stocks are shares in the ownership to roll again as trading picked up steam. of a corporation, issued by the corpo­ have become impossible." The money rolls in ration. They entitle the owner to Market comes apart The first move came from the Federal Weak recovery periodic receipt of dividend pay­ Reserve Bank, which began to purchase The next morning, Wednesday, October ments and, in the case of certain When the New York exchange opened the next morning, things deteriorated bonds and- securities - putting massive 2I, the big-business press headlined claims types of shares, to a vote as a amounts of money into the accounts of the of a great Wall Street recovery on Tuesday. shareholder on company policies. rapidly. After an initial surge, trading dried up. The Wall Street firms that usually take banks and financial institutions that sold In fact, only 537 stocks had increased in Bonds are interest-bearing certifi­ the role of buying and selling to stabilize them. The central bank also informed other price, while I ,237 dropped. News of the cates issued by banks, corporations, the market had lost two-thirds their total $3 banks that they could expand their borrow­ near disintegration of the market - "the and governments. They are to be re­ billion in buying power the day before. ing from the federal institution, thus put­ most dangerous day we had in 50 years," paid in a fixed period of time. ting still more money into the lending sys­ as investment banker Felix Rohatyn put it There were plenty of furns and individu­ tem. Interest rates dropped. -was not reported in the media. Options entitle the owner to buy als trying to sell stock, but no one to buy it. As a result of the Federal Reserve's mas­ On October 2I, nearly I ,800 stocks or sell particular stocks at a fixed "One after another, major stocks broke sive purchases and other moves, "the bond price for a specified period of time. scored price increases. The catastrophe down and couldn't be traded." market rallied strongly, providing crucial was averted this time. Futures are contracts' involving Then trading on the Major Market support for the broader financial system." "It looks like there was almost a get-to­ cash or commodities. Based on the Index, consisting of 20 of the most reliable With strong assurances that the Federal gether on the part of corporate America to current prices of commodities or blue chip stocks, was shut down. The pat­ Reserve Bank would back them up, the prop up the market," one speculator com­ stocks, they are speculations on fu­ tern spread to Chicago. The Chicago Board banks began providing credit again. The 10 mented. biggest New York banks poured $I2 bil­ ture shifts in market prices. Options Exchange halted trading, and the The stock market remains unsettled, lion in loans into the securities firms that Chicago Mercantile Exchange ended trad­ however, with sharp rises and sudden week - nearly double the normal rate. ing in stock futures. drops that have so far left prices not far Hertzberg. The prices of stocks dropped by Minutesafter the New York Stock Ex­ above the levels they reached in the Oc­ 23 percent in a few hours - a loss of more Major investment banking firms report­ change officials began meeting, a few key tober I9 crash. than $500 billion. edly called on the U.S. government to shut prices soared in a sudden five-minute rally. "I think we came within an hour" of dis­ While operating in many ways like giant down the exchanges. Some desperate investors hailed this as integration of the stock market, stated gambling casinos, the stock, bond, and fu­ At I2:30 p.m., New York Stock Ex­ "a miracle." banker Rohatyn about the events of Oc­ tures markets are-more importantly-at change officials and representatives of But Stewart and Hertzberg point to pur­ tober 20. "The fact that we didn't have a the hub of massive flows of capital among major investment firms reportedly met to chases by a few key investment firms aim­ meltdown doesn't mean we didn't have a industrial corporations, banks, govern­ consider shutting down the "Big Board", as ing to stem the crash, rather than divine in­ breakdown. Chernobyl didn't end the ments, and individual capitalists. These the stock exchange is called on Wall Street. tervention, as the probable cause. world, but it sure made a terrible mess." capital flows, sucked out of the exploited labor of workers, farmers, and peasants around the world, are the lifeblood of the capitalist system. Jailing of Illinois farmer protested The rise and fall of stock, stock and commodity futures, and bond market prices serve as a measure for the capitalists BY OMARI MUSA The rally participants responded to the ers in Illinois. of the health and prospects of individual PRINCETON, Ill.-"Free Ken, jail the judge's action with the chant, "Ken's doing ·"Look," said one farmer from Dixon, firms and of the economy as a whole. bankers," read one of the signs carried at a time without committing a crime." Family "the banks told us five years ago to buy Frederick Engels, who collaborated with rally of 75 farmers and supporters here member Susan Leffelman told the rally that land and we did. We trusted the banks. Karl Marx in founding the communist November 17. The rally was called by the Ken "was being denied due process. He Then the price of our land went way down workers' movement, summed up the vital Farmer Support Group based in nearby hasn't committed a crime. Why is he in and we can barely make it. Now the same role of the stock market in an addendum to Sterling to protest the jailing of Kenneth jail?" banks are foreclosing like its going out of Volume 3 of Marx's Capital. "The stock Leffelman. Duane Kruse explained he knew what style. We're going out, period." exchange," wrote Engels, "has the ten­ On October 19 Circuit Court Judge the Leffelmans were going · through. He After the rally participants marched to dency to concentrate the whole of produc­ James Wimbiscus jailed Leffelman for had been jailed for 62 days a year ago be­ the First State Bank of Princeton. They tion, industrial as well as agricultural, to­ contempt of court. The judge ruled that cause he allegedly hid farm equipment walked into the bank and demanded that its gether with the whole of commerce ... in · Leffelman refused to pay the First State from bank foreclosure officials. He was officers get the judge to rescind his con­ the hands of stock-exchange speculators, Bank of Princeton $75,000 still due after freed after protests. "They still haven't tempt of court order. They then marched to so that the stock exchange becomes the the bank foreclosed on Leffelman's farm. found the equipment and I still don't know Bureau County jail to give Leffelman sup­ most pre-eminent representative of cap­ The bank initially claimed he owed whyJ was jailed," Kruse told the crowd. port; Several farmers commented on the in­ italist production as such." $343,000. But that sum was reduced after Farm Support, Group leader Denton timidating tactics of the cops. During the it seized the family farm, machinery, and Swarts from Dixon, Illinois, chaired the rally and march uniformed cops stood atop On October 19 and for several hours the livestock. rally. "The judge says there are no debtors' the jail videotaping all participants. next day, the Journal reporters wrote, the Leffelman pointed out to the judge in an prisons in Bureau Country, but then he big investment firms that play a key role in October hearing that he did not own the says Ken can go horne if he comes up with the New York exchange were over­ property. It belonged to the Lazy L Fan1ily $75,000. That sounds like he's in debtors' Labor news in the Militant whelmed by "huge international flows of PreserVation Trust, which was set up in prison to me." Swarts said that five farmers The Militant stays on top of the most capital, nearly triggering a shutdown of the October 1983. The trust was established at have been jailed in the last year in Illinois. important developments in the labor exchange and a public crisis of confi­ the First State Bank of Princeton and has During the rally a heckler attempted to movement. It has correspondents who dence." not been contested by the bank or anyone disrupt it by yelling, "Let him rot!" Swarts work in the mines, mills, and shops else since its formation. invited the heckler to the front of the pro­ where the events are breaking. You won't miss any of it if you subscribe. See Capital flows in - and out test to explain himselL When he refused, Wimbiscus acknowledged this fact but the ad on page 2 of this issue for sub­ One factor that distinguished this stock still called the trust "a sham used to shield many farmers heatedly discussed with him scription rates. market crash from the one in 1929 was the his farm assets." the issues in the case and the plight of farm-

4 The Militant December 11, 1987 Why didn't Congress ask North about Angola?

BY FRED FELDMAN however, were told of the unit's involve­ Lt. Col. Oliver North boasted in his tes­ ment in operations against Nicaragua. timony to the congressional committee in­ They kept it under their hats. vestigating the Iran-contra arms.deals that After the mining of harbors and other he had fought in two U.S. wars: in Viet­ operations against Nicaragua spurred inter­ nam and Angola. national protests, the Pentagon used illegal It will probably come as news to most wiretapping and rampant financial corrup­ people that the U.S. government has been tion by the unit as pretexts for cracking at war in Angola, and that at least one U.S. down on it. Col. James Longhofer, the military officer has seen combat there. unit's commander, was sentenced to one Yet no member of the committee asked year in jail after a secret court martial. North any questions about his activities in When then secretary of defense Caspar Angola or any other U.S. operations there. Weinberger testified before the Iran-contra Nor did any committee member comment investigating committee, nobody grilled on North's admission when the body's re~ him about the Special Operations Unit and port on the arms deals was made public on its illegal activities. Instead, the committee November 18. members and the,big-business media cast Illegal operations Weinberger, along with Secretary of State George Shultz, as "good guys" in the ad­ This in spite of the fact that from 1976 to ministration because of their opposition to 1985 any U.S. assistance to forces fighting the dealings with Iran. the Angolan government was barred by the Clark Amendment - a measure similar to the Boland Amendment, which barred as­ Pardons for Reagan's men? sistance to the Nicaraguan contras. Al­ In the wake of the publication ofthe con­ though the Clark Amendment was revoked gressional report, the Reagan administra­ by Congress in 1985, the repeal measure did tion floated trial balloons testing the likely not authorize the participation of U.S. mil­ response to presidential pardons for North itary personnel in combat operations in An­ and former national security advisers John gola. Poindexter and Robert McFarlane. Presi­ The committee ignored North's admis­ dential pardons would effectively cripple, sion even though it had strong evidence if not end, the investigation headed by spe­ that the covert operations in Angola were cial prosecutor Lawrence Walsh, who is re­ closely linked to those exposed when the John Stockwell (left), then head of CIA Angola task force, with Holden Roberto (cen­ portedly preparing indictments of North, Iran-contra arms deal became public. ter) in 1975. Roberto was a leader of forces seeking to topple Angola government with Poindexter, and possibly others. According to a guest column in _the heavy backing from CIA and apartheid regime. Oliver North recently admitted fight­ William Clark, a long-time Reagan November 23 New York Times by Michael ing in Angola war. crony who also served as national security Maren, contributing editor of Africa Re­ adviser, wrote a letter to the president in port, "Representative Howard Wolpe, which he proposed issuing the pardons. Democrat of Michigan, wrote several let­ didn't know about them. In all, reported Hersh, the unit carried They should not have to face a trial, Clark ters to the chairman of the Iran-contra com­ From 1981 to 1983, more than $3 25 mil­ out 40 operations in Central America. It said of the three former officials, "in which mittees explaining the ties between south­ lion was appropriated for the army's Spe­ was also involved in secret operations in the central issue relates to the creation and em Africa and the Iran-contra affair. cial Operations Division. Portrayed as a other parts of the world. implementation of your foreign policy." Similarities included 'key personalities ini­ high-powered "antiterrorist" force, the unit At that time, prior to the passage of the tiating and directing events, the principal actually became a player in U .$ .-organized Boland Amendment, legislation barred the Presidential media spokesperson Marlin sources of financing and the commercial terrorism against Nicaragua. Defense Department and CIA from actions Fitzwater said Reagan would not comment cargo carriers employed' .... "The men in Special Operations," wrote aimed at overthrowing the Nicaraguan on whether he was considering issuing par­ "Mr. Wolpe's aides even supplied a wit­ Seymour Hersh in the November 22 New government or provoking a military ex­ dons. ness," Maren reported, "who was willing York Times Magazine, "were instrumental change between Honduras and Nicaragua. The editors of the New York Times to testify that Saudi Arabia had agreed to in ferrying Army Special Forces personnel "Defense Secretary Weinberger and warned Reagan against such a move. "The arm and train" guerrilla units aligned with under cover to Honduras, where they other key Department of Defense civilians committees' bipartisan majority found that South Africa in Angola. "The committees helped CIA operatives train specially re­ were to be informed of these activities," [the president] failed in his duty to take declined to question him, find questions cruited Honduran troops for bloody hit­ wrote Hersh, "and regular briefings were care that tbe laws be faithfully executed," pertaining to southern Africa were brushed and-run operations into Nicaragua. They given to the House and Senate Appropri­ they wrote in a November 25 editorial. aside." supplied Army rapid-firing cannons known ations and Armed Services Committees, "Especially where the President himself as 'bushmasters' to the small boats used by whose members and senior staff knew bears so much responsibility, he needs to War against Angola the CIA to mine harbors and destroy oil de­ when not to ask too many questions. But let the legal process work. Irregular use of The Clark Amendment barring such op­ pots during a series of controversial raids no information was provided to the House the pardoning power would smell like a re­ erations was adopted by Congress in 1976, on Nicaragua's east coast in the fall of -and Senate Intelligence Committees." ward for stopping the buck short of his own after it became widespread public knowl­ 1983." Some members of these committees, der;k." edge that Washington had worked closely with the imperialist regime in South Africa in carrying out a large-scale invasion of Angola in October 1975. The invasion aimed to overturn the gov­ English miners fight pit closings ernment being set up by the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, BY KAREN KOPPERUD said. "We don't need training in morals to Union of Railwaymen. which had played the leading role in the BARNSLEY, England Three know that we shouldn't be competing The miners' wives group played an im­ struggle against Portuguese colonial rule. hundred Yorkshire coal miners crowded against nine year olds." portant role in the meeting. "There have The counry officially became independent into the West Gawber Miners Welfare so­ Scargill said miners should reject the been a lot of closures-in this case women in November 1975. cial center here October 25 to protest the Coal Board's buyout offers and urged them in our group are affected," Marsha Mar­ The CIA was also exposed as having British Coal Board's announcement that it to "stand and fight" the closings. shall explained after the meeting ended. funded mercenaries for the South African­ is going to close the Woolley and Red­ Also speaking were NUM leaders Jack "After the strike, people were de­ backed forces ~ the Angolan_ National brook mines. Taylor and Eric Richardson, local Labour moralized," she said. "We want this cam­ Liberation Front, headed by H~lden If the Coal Board goes ahead with the Party leaders , and Marsha Marshall, head paign to begin to lift them up, to get them Roberto, and the National Union for the closings, it will cost 1 ,300 miners their of the Bamsley Miners Wives' Action not to accept what the Coal Board says. Total Independence of Angola, headed by jobs and have a devastating impact on the Group. What we feel as women is that we became Jonas Savimbi. small communities nearby. That evening 30 people attended a meet­ more aware in the struggle. We want to try Although the Clark Amendment barred Some 80,000 mining jobs have been lost ing to begin organizing a campaign against to make this a turning point in this fight." Washington from aiding the antigovern­ through government mine closures since the closings. Present were miners and their ment forces in Angola, the South African the end of 1984-85 British coal strike. families, Labour Party activists, and mem­ Karen Kopperud is a member of the United Over this past year, under pressure from regime continued to provide large-scale bers of other unions, including the National Transportation Union in New Jersey. support, including troops. And Reagan the Coal Board and faced with the threat of publicly hailed the South African-backed permanent job loss, 34,000 miners have forces as "freedom fighters ." North's state­ taken buyout offers and left the industry. ment adds to the evidence that illegal U.S. But the unceasing attacks on the union Communist Party won't run '88 ticket operations against Angola also continued. have sparked resistance from the ranks of The congressional response to North's Britain's National Union of Mineworkers The Communist Paity has announced The World reported that Steele "called revelation reflected the legislators' readi­ (NUM). This was reflected in the mood of that it won't be fielding a presidential ticket for an all-out effort to tum the 1988 ref­ ness to wink at covert wars - even in di­ the meeting. in the 1988 elections. This will be the first erendum on Reaganism into a repudiation rect violation of U.S. laws. They will do NUM President Arthur Scargill, who time since 1968 that the CP will not run of Reaganites. He said, "We can have a this as long as these covert wars, unlike the used to work at the Woolley mine, told the candidates for president and vice-presiJ peace president and a peace congress. ' " contra war, show some promise of success meeting that the government-run Coal dent. At the news conference with Hall, Steele and don't explode into embarrassing scan­ Board wants to cut back to a total of 70 At a November 19 news conference in said the CP would try to run 100 of its own dals. mines in all of Britain employing 70,000 New York, CP General Secretary Gus Hall candidates for municipal and state offices. - men and producing 7 _million metric tons said that restrictive ballot laws in After not running a presidential ticket Pentagon terror unit annually. many states means that "you virtually can't since 1940, the CP ran Charlene Mitchell The committee also acquiesced in keep~ Scargill pointed out that Woolley and run ifyou're not a Democrat or a Republi­ and Mike Zagarell for president and vice­ ing a wide range of the U.S. government's Redbrook mines are not exhausted · and can." president in 1968. Their names appeared illegal operations in support of the contras have reserves that would last up to 30 years According to the CP's newspaper, the on the ballot in two states. under wraps. While attention was focused at the present rate of coal extraction. People's Daily World, CP leader James Gus Hall and Jarvis Tyner were the stan­ on the National Security Council, the "They imported 15 million tons of coal Steele told a meeting in Hartford, Con­ dard-bearers in 1972 and 1976, and Hall C.I.A., and, to a lesser extent, the State . . . produced either by slave labor in South necticut, the same week, "Our objective and Angela Davis ran in 1980 and 1984. Department, the Pentagon's secret opera­ Africa, subsidized by state aid in Australia for 1988 is to weld a new level of all­ The Hall-Davis ticket appeared on the bal­ tions against Nicaragua escaped scrutiny. or the United States, or mined by children people's unity powerful enough to win vic­ lot in 22 states and Washington, D.C., in And not because congressional leaders of nine years old in Colombia," Scargill tory." 1984, one less than in 1980.

December 11, 1987 The Militant 5 Subscription drive·aids Seattle plant-gate sales

BY DAN FEIN gion. Distributors also sell each the United Transportation Union. the Militant as they approached a in Bellingham, Scott Paper in Ev­ SEATILE - Circulation drive week outside Seattle Steel and the The team happened upon a group plant-gate sales team. One had erett, Longview Fiber in Seattle, target weeks are also good weeks Hormel meat-packing plants as of workers in the lunch room with positive things to say about the Boise~Cascade in Steilacoom, and for plant-gate sales. That's what well as at the railyards. a little time on their hands. Two of paper, the other negative. The at ITT Rayonier and Grays Harbor Seattle-area distributors of the Between them, these teams sold them expressed interest in the Mil­ next day the supporter took time to Paper in Hoquiam. itant's coverage on what is hap­ talk politics with the union mem­ Sales were particularly good at pening inside Nicaragua in· re­ ber who had good things to say the Grays Harbor plant in sponse to the peace accords and about the Militant and ended up Hoquiam, which is owned by In­ SELLING OUR PRESS coverage of strikes by paperwor­ selling a subscription. ternational Paper Co (IP). kers in Jay, Maine, and other Most paperworkers on the West A WPPW members fought a nine­ AT THE PLANT GATE cities. These unionists decided to Coast are members of the Associa­ month long strike there in 1979. purchase an introductory subscrip­ tion of Western Pulp and Paper Since IP's demands for takebacks tion. Workers (AWPPW). We sold 160 is nothing new for these union Militant, New International, and three subscriptions to the Militant, The third subscription was sold copies of the Militant and two sub­ members, they were very inter­ Perspectival Mundial found out as well as three single copies, dur­ through the combined effort of a scriptions during November to ested in the articles about the fight this fall. ing the November 14-21 target plant-gate team and a Militant sup­ A WPPW members in Washington against takebacks unionists are We regularly organize sales at period. porter who works at Boeing's State. waging at IP mills in Maine, Wis­ the three different Boeing aero­ Two of the subscriptions were Renton plant. The supporter over­ This outreach effort included consin, Alabama, and Pennsyl­ space plants in the Puget Sound re- sold at the railyard to members of heard two coworkers discussing sales at the Georgia Pacific plant vania. Kentucky miners on trial in U.S. gov't frame-up

Continued from front page shooting he had driven his pickup truck in a his dead brother's widow out of compensa­ the charges against defendant Arnold hired an army of gun thugs to try to break convoy with the two coal haulers who later tion payments. Heightland is that he is a convicted felon the strike. The strike was provoked by the got shot. He claimed that he stopped short It then surfaced that the shotgun West who possesed a firearm. company's refusal to go along with the na­ of where the shots were fired and came up carried in his pickup is the same kind his Defense attorney Pruit said West's tes­ tional agreement the UMWA reached in later to load his wounded brother into the brother had been shot with. timony was "proof that the government 1984 with the Bituminous Coal Operators pickup to take him for help. West explained that federal Bureau of can't put on an honest case." Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms agents Pruit pointed out that the government Association. West testified that before getting help he came to his home and seized the weapon. It had taken the unusual step of having a Jus­ stopped at the mining office to talk to During the bitter strike, union leaders' turns out that West is a convicted felon, tice Department agent from Washington sit Carlton. homes were shot up by the gun thugs on and it is illegal for him to possess firearms. in on the case. Also assisting at the pros­ Massey's payroll. The picket shack at the Then he drove to the fire station where But the weapon was never tested in con­ ecution table is FBI Special Agent Sam Samoyed mine was dynamited, and a the brother was loaded into an ambulance nection with this case. Ironically, one of Smith. woman miner was shot through the hand by for a trip to the hospital. He died later. company security men while she was in the picket shack. · But Phillipp West did not go directly from the fire station to the hospital with his Fall Sales Scoreboard The first days of the trial reveal that the brother. Instead he returned to the site of government has no evidence. There is the shooting to get a gun that he had left be­ New Perspectiva nothing that connects the rifles supposedly hind. When defense attorneys asked him Militant International Mundial Totals used to shoot up the coal truck to the union­ why he would do such an odd thing as re­ ...... [ ists on trial. The rifles used in the incident turn for a gun when his brother was dying, Area Goal Sold Goal Sold Goal Sold Goah Sold % Sold could well have been those of the com­ West changed his story to say he returned Cleveland I05 ~ 20 24 15 17 140 161 115 pany's security guards. Nobody has because he was afraid his trucks would be SanDiego 85 104 25 19 40 ~ 150 160 107 claimed that they saw the union men shoot further damaged. at the truck. Los Angeles 300 350 100 75 175 1111 575 60S 105 When defense attorneys pointed out that Greensboro, N.C J40 147 20 21 15 15 175 1113 105 Much of the second day of the trial was West's sworn testimony at a workers' com­ taken up by the testimony of one of the pensation hearing was in direct contradic­ M . 70 79 20 11 10 12 100 102 102 West testified that on the day of the compensation hearing so that he could beat Des Moines, Iowa 125 146 35 27 15 4 175 177 101 Phoenix 140 152 25 12 100 102 265 266 100

Birmingham, AI• 150 160 35 17 5 6 190 1113 96 San Francisco 180 183 50 30 70 72 300 285 95 Twin Cities,.,.;., 180 196 75 54 20 11 275 261 95 Boston 225 270 50 30 100 55 375 355 95 Austin, .,.;"" 85 86 10 1 15 16 110 103 94 Baltimore 14() 148 40 23 10 5 190 176 93 Detroit 200 . 201 35 20 25 16 260 237 91 Washington, o c 130 130 60 40 30 30 220 200 91 Price, u"" 48 46 10 4 2 4 60 54 IJO Milwaukee 11 5 119 35 24 15 5 165 148 IJO Miami 120 132 40 9 40 28 200 169 BS Kansas City I05 100 25 6 20 15 150 121 B1 Portland, a.. 100 101 40 30 30 6 170 137 B1 Salt Lake City 150 138 25 6 25 10 200 154 77 Houston 200 176 50 18 40 27 290 221 76 Chicago 225 177 50 37 75 49 350 263 75 St Louis 17 5 139 50 26 10 11 235 176 75

-Newark, NJ . 350 266 75 41 125 68 550 375 68 Charleston, w.va. 125 8~ 20 9 2 2 147 93 63 Philadelphia !50 103 50 16 50 22 250 141 56 Militant/Harris Freeman Pittsburgh 175 94 30 24 10 3 215 121 56 Solidarity action for Massey miners held in Detroit in 1985 Oakland, C.aHf 150 109 100 16 50 18 300 143 48

Albany,NY 20 14 14 Next 'Militant' will carry .final Amherst, Mass. 5 6 1 7 Annandale, N.Y. 20 11 2 13 circulation and fund drive totals Cincinnati 10 10 10 Louisville, Ky. 7 6 6 BY NORTON SANDLER The fund helps support the circulation San Jose, c.,;r. 75 43 50 19 62 As we go to press, final totals for the fall and distribution of the Militant, the Spanish­ 39 circulation campaign and the Socialist Pub­ language monthly PerspectivaMundial, the Coal Teams 39 lications Fund are still being counted. Marxist magazine New lnte,rnational, the Other U.S.area s 28 3 31. Big progress on both campaigns has French-language Nouvelle lnternationale Australia 6 6 12 been registered since the scoreboards that and Pathfmder books and pamphlets. Britain 118 141 7 266 appeared in the last issue of the Militant Since the last circulation scoreboard, our Canada 127 51 46 224 were tabulated November 18. distributors have so far reported selling 371 New Zealand 33 19 52 Our supporters have organized an all-out copies of New International, 263 PM sub­ push during the final days of both cam­ scriptions, and 1,143" Militant subscrip- Puerto Rico 19 19 paigns, extending their efforts right !JP to tions. . Other lntemat'l 16 8 24 Eleven areas have already gone over the deadline. Totab 5,94YT 1,336 1,242 8,485 69% Since then, our readers have sent in their goal for the Circulation campaign, and more than $57,000 for the Socialist Publi­ 15 have surpassed their fund drive goal. Drive Goals 6,000 2,000 1,500 9,500 cations Fund, and we were still counting at The final scoreboards will be printed Should Be 9,500 100% press time. next week.

6 The Militant December 11, 1987 Portraits of Sandino, Fonseca painted on Pathfinder mural BY SUSAN APSTEIN The painting of the two revolutionary NEW YORK - The first portrait to be leaders has brought the six-story-high completed on what will be one of the Pathfinder mural to life. largest murals in the United States was that Work began in early October on this ar­ of August Cesar Sandino, symbol of the tistic promotional project for the Pathfinder Nicaraguan revolution. Sandino led an army publishing house. Guillen was the first of of Nicaraguans against U.S. marines oc­ many artists from around the world who cupying their country in the 1920s and '30s. are corning to work on portraits of more Shortly after the finishing touches were than 20 revolutionary fighters to be fea­ put on Sandino's image, Carlos Fonseca's tured on the mural. Pathfinder has pub­ Victor Mashabela of Mrican National Congress (right, with Pathfinder director portrait was painted on the mural. Fonseca lished the writings of these figures, whose Steve Clark) is on tour promoting mural project, which will also depict ANC leader was the founder of Central American ideas are looked to by fighters for social Nelson Mandela. Marxism and of the Sandinista National change all over the world. International art­ Liberation Front. ists and other supporters of the mural will Noting the recent massive invasion of freedom. He stressed the important role be touring the country, speaking about art Angola by the South African regime, he books and pamphlets published by Path­ Well-known Nicaraguan artist Arnoldo explained that advancing the revolution in finder play in this. Guillen had just com­ Guillen painted Sandino's likeness and and the revolutionary struggles in their countries. Nicaragua and defending Angola's inde­ pleted a month-long tour sponsored by worked with two other Nicaraguan artists, pendence are part of the same struggle. The Pathfinder, speaking in several cities. Bayardo Gamez and Balazar Gutierrez, to Victor Mashabela of the African Na­ continuity of this struggle is portrayed in Pathfinder director Steve Clark pointed put Fonseca's portrait on the wall of the tional Congress of South Africa has begun the revolutionary leaders depicted on the to the title of the book of writings and Pathfinder Building in New York City. touring to promote the mural and Pathfind­ mural, he said. speeches by Nelson Mandela, The Struggle Gamez and Gutierrez did the sketch for er books. Mashabela, who works at the is My Life, as a good description of what Fonseca. Following the 1979 Nicaraguan ANC Observer Mission to the United Na­ Guillen, speaking at the same meeting, the revolutionary leaders who will be revolution, Guillen painted a similar image tions, spoke at a November 21 rally to cele­ said it is necessary to answer U.S. govern­ painted on the mural all have in common. of Fonseca that flanks the door of the Na­ brate the mural held at the Pathfinder ment lies about the revolution in his coun­ They are supremely confident of working tional Palace in Managua. bookstore in Manhattan. try, including lies about lack of artistic people's capacity to organize to struggle and change society, he explained. Jean-Marie Tjibaou, leader ofthe Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front of New Australia meetings promote new Che book Caledonia, who was present at the meet­ ing, was greeted by the 90 rally partici­ BY RON POULSEN House in Havana, Cuba. work closely with Guevara, especially in pants with a standing ovation. He is in New SYDNEY, Australia-"Above all, Che Muniz's tour was jointly sponsored by 1960 when she headed up propaganda York to speak before the UN General As­ was a teacher - always teaching by his the Cuba Friendship Societies and Path­ work for the just-nationalized enterprises sembly urging national independence from own example." This is why Che Guevara, finder. Her two-week visit to five Austra­ formerly owned by U.S. corporations. French imperialism for the Pacific island the Argentine-born leader of the Cuban lian cities, and to three cities in New Zea­ Later, when Che became Cuba's minister colony of New Caledonia. revolution, was and still is such "a great in­ land the following week, added an extra di­ for industry, she worked closely with him Brazilian composer Thiago de Mello, spiration to the younger generation." mension to kicking off sales and promotion as a member of the ministry's executive Irish artist Cathy Owens, and Irish-Ameri­ These were the words of Mirta Muniz, of the book. This was because of the staff. can muralist John O'Brien also attended. veteran Cuban revolutionary and a close firsthand experience that Muniz was able to In the transformation of the Cuban econ­ More than $500 was collected toward a collaborator with Che Guevara, who offer about the life and ideas of Che, who omy, as elsewhere, Che led by example. $100,000 mural fundraising project. toured Australia and New Zealand in was, as Deutschmann put it, "one of the "Che not only organized the voluntary The next day the Pathfinder Building November. She was here to help promote great revolutionaries of the 20th century." work every Sunday, but he was always the opened its doors for people in the neighbor­ the new book Che Guevara and the Cuban Muniz met Che the first day of the vic­ first into the truck, ready to cut cane or do hood to view the mural and learn firsthand Revolution, a collection of Che's speeches tory of the Cuban people over the Batista whatever work was needed," Muniz said. about the project. The open house in Man­ and writings published by Pathfinder/ dictatorship on Jan. 1, 1959. She hadjust Guevara also played a role in deepening hattan's Greenwich Village was attended Pacific and Asia. helped lead the takeover of the central tele­ the internationalism of the Cuban revolu­ by more than 80 people who talked to Guil­ Muniz was accompanied throughout the vision and radio station, and Guevara was tion. When Che led in the formation of a len and project director Mike Alewitz. tour and the many associated meetings by the first military commander of Fidel Cas­ broad organization of solidarity with Viet­ Among those who stopped by were Bob David Deutschmann of Pathfinder/Pacific tro's July 26 Movement to arrive in nam in Cuba, Muniz became involved as Himmel from the Save the Village Com­ and Asia, who edited the book in collab­ Havana. well. (She was later to visit Vietnam in mittee; a teacher from the School of Visual oration with the Jose Marti Publishing Over the next few years, Muniz was to 1974.) Arts who worked with the New Masses Muniz today works as director of press magazine in the 1930's; residents of and information for the National Assembly Westbeth, a nearby center and residence of People's Power, Cuba's elected govern­ for artists; and a group of Puerto Rican art­ ... w ...... ing body. As such, her tour to help publicize ists. The event was videotaped by students Atlanta 3,300 3,560 3,330 the book sparked considerable interest by from New York University who are pro­ Austin, Minn. 1,555 1,697 1,536 $150,000 the media here with interviews on national ducing a documentary on the mural. Baltimore 1,700 1,700 1,500 television, in some of the main daily news­ Later that afternoon Guillen addressed a Birmingham 4,000 4,310 4,130 papers, and on several radio programs. reception attended by several dozen people Boston 5,000 5,166 4.lll Socialist The public meetings to launch the book at the Aljira Center for Contemporary Arts Charleston, W.Va. 2,875 2,957 1,927 drew more than 150 people in Sydney, al­ in Newark cosponsored by the center, the mural project, and City Without Walls art Chicago 5,000 4,993 3.568 most 60 people in Brisbane, and more than Pall&cations gallery. The mayor of Masaya, Nicaragua, Cleveland 3,000 3,536 3,476 100 in Melbourne. At each of these meet­ on tour in New Jersey, also spoke. Detroit 2,000 4,425 3,390 ings, as well as those in the industrial cities Victor Mashabela's tour on behalf of the 2,000 Fud of Wollongong and New Castle, copies of Des Moines 2,199 2,169 mural project will take him to the following Greensboro, N.C. 1,700 1,760 1,760 the new Che book were sold to more than one-third of those present. cities this month: Morgantown, West Vir­ Houston 6,000 7,093 6,573 At a rally August 13 we announced the Participating on the broad platform to ginia, December 4 and 5; Greensboro, Kansas City 2,500 2,238 1,563 krunching mthis fund, which has a goal of welcome Muniz and to salute Che's inspi­ North Carolina, December 6-8; Atlanta, Los Angeles 15,000 15,092 14,992 raising $150,000. ration were representatives of different or­ December 9-11; Cleveland, December 12- Morgantown, W.Va. 2,000 1,985 1,860 ganizations, including the African National 15, and Birmingham, Alabama, December Miami 3,000 3,033 3,003 Its purpose is to finance publication mthe Mil- Congress of South Africa (in Sydney and 17-19. Milwaukee 2,400 2,274 1,448 itant, the monthly Pmpectiva MUIJdial, the Melbourne), the Revolutionary Democrat­ To become a s·ponsor of the Pathfinder Newark 7,000 7,285 6,645 Marmt magazine New lntematitml, the ic Front-Farabundo Marti National Libera­ mural project, for more information, and to New York City 15,000 16,685 15,011 French-language Nouvelle Intemalitmle, tion Front of El Salvador in Sydney, and contribute financially, clip and mail the (Wand 8,000 8,657 8,357 and Pathfinder books and pamphlets. Labor Party parliamentarians in most cen­ coupon below to the project at 410 West Omaha 1,600 1,712 1,537 ters. St. New York, N.Y. 10014. Pittsburgh 2,600 2,778 2,553 As of December 3, $164,589 has been The new Cuban consul general to Aus­ Philmle)pbja 5,500 5,760 4,510 pledged and $148,225 collected. tralia, Francisco Marchante, was present Plaoix 1,500 1,843 1,553 on the platform in Sydney and Melbourne. 0 Please add my name as a sponsor of the Purlkmd 2,300 2,205 1.005 I wish to help the fund, enclosed is: In Brisbane, Wollongong, and New Pathfinder Mural Project. Castle, Muniz 111et with key figures of the 0 Enclosed is a tax-deductible contribu- Prim, UDh 500 550 500 _ $500 _ $100 San Diego 2,500 2,698 2,513 - $1.000 respective Trades and Labor Councils. tion of $ Make checks While in Sydney and Melbourne she also payable to the Anchor Foundation. Seattle 6,000 7,485 7,485 _ $25 $ other San Franciml 6,000 6.240 5,930 met with trade union officials. Over parlia­ 0 I would like copies of the mentary lunches, she also met a range of mural project brochure. · Sail Lab City 3,000 3,383 3,353 Name St. Louis 5,500 7,095 6,840 Australian Labor Party parliamentarians. 0 I would like to work on, paint, or docu­ Address ment the project. Twin Cities, Minn. 6,000 6,200 5,931 Perhaps the impact of Muniz's visit was City best summed up in Wollongong. She spoke Please send me a catalog of Pathfinder Washingbl, D.C. 7,000 6,005 6,210 0 State Zip of Che Guevara's life and ideas reflected in books and pamphlets. Other 7,740 5,950 Name ______.;·J Phooe the book at a trade union reception. The lnternalimlal 1,244 1.056 Organization/Union new secretary of the South Coast Trades Phone ---~~------­ and Labor Council, Paul Matters, re­ Address ------Mail to Fall Socialilt PublicatioDJ Fund, 410 sponded, that "Australia, as elsewhere, is City ------Wm St., lfew York:, lf.Y. 10014. on the verge of a very grave crisis, and in State _ _ __ Zip ------,..... IG ... IIUII I•JZS the course of the struggles to come, books Signature ------"'--- - like this with the ideas of Che - will as­ Organization/union/schoo.______sume great importance for workers."

December 11, 1987 The Militant 7 Meetings in Canada ·hit attacks on rights BYJOHNSTUDER unions as well as peace organizations, new restrictive immigration laws. "All the AND ART YOUNG groups fighting environmental destruction, major imperialist powers are doing it: the A victory in a recent fight against racist immigrant workers and political refugees, United States, Britain, France, all of abuse and political exclusion at the hands student associations, the Communist Party, them," he said. "This is because the ruling of Canadian and U.S. immigration cops and other groups. classes in these countries fear the substan­ has inspired fighters for political rights and The most well-known example is a case tial changes taking place in the composi­ racial justice on both sides of the border. brought against four staff members of the tion of the working class in their countries. On September 19, Canadian immigra­ Confederation of National Trade Unions "One of the results of their bloodsucking tion agents stopped James Mac Warren at (CSN) for allegedly plotting to use explo­ of the oppressed countries around the Montreal's Dorval International Airport. sives in connection with a bitter struggle world," Warren stated, "has been to drive They barred Warren, a leader of the against the union-busting Manoir Richelieu people out of their native countries into the Socialist Workers Party and a veteran hotel. CSIS agent Marc Boivin, sent under­ industrialized centers. The imperialist Black rights activist, from entering Can­ cover into the union as an agent pro­ powers' exploitation of the world is creat­ ada. He was held in custody for five and a vocateur, is now the government's star wit­ ing refugees by the millions. half hours, and strip-searched. The immi­ ness against the four. gration agents examined Warren's personal Claudette Carbonneau of the Montreal 'Immigrants not docile' papers and publicly attempted to brand him Central Council of the CSN spoke at the "The reason they fear this process is that as a dope smuggler. PRDF meeting in Quebec about the case. these immigrants are not docile," Warren U.S. customs agents at the airport par­ She attacked the CSIS 'claim that it wasn't continued. "They are victims of exploita­ ticipated in the abuse and conspired with spying on the union, but only looking for tion, the ones who are hurt the most, the Canadian authorities to detain Warren and · subversives. CSN leaders have answered ones who will fight the hardest once they victimize him. that the only secret underground group· in get into the imperialist metropolises. They Supporters of political rights and oppo­ the labor federation was the police agents are political activists in the countries they nents of racism protested this discrimina­ themselves. come from and they will be political activ­ tion. Attorneys representing Warren - Other unionists joined Carbonneau at the ists in the countries they move to. Leonard Boudin in the United States and Canadian PRDF meeting in protesting se­ This is what the capitalists fear. And this Stuart Russell in Canada- filed protests, cret police attacks on the unions and in sup­ is why we are getting these new racist im­ demanding a full,explanation of the viola­ porting Warren's right to travel to Canada migration laws." tion of Warren's right to travel and the per­ free from government abuse. These in­ Warren explained that as these immi­ sonal abuse administered by agents of both cluded Raymond Johnston, vice-president grant workers are entering the work force countries. Letters and telegrams from po­ of the Quebec Teachers' Federation; Paul of the imperialist powers, the working litical and union activists followed. Heffernan, president of the Toronto local Blackstock classes already inside these countries are As a result of this campaign, Warren has of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers; Mac Warren, a leader of Socialist Work­ facing attacks on their living and working been able to enter Canada three times since Yves Dufour of Local 510 of the Canadian ers Party, was harassed by immigration conditions, which are awakening new in­ his expulsion. Statements by a Canadian Auto Workers; Marie-Jose Toulouse, shop police and barred from Canada in Sep­ terest in politics and struggle. "The rulers immigration spokesperson that there was chair of the Amalgamated Clothing and tember. After numerous protests forced in the United States, Canada, and the other some reason, which he could not publicly Textile Workers Union at Imperial Pants in Canadian officials to admit him, he giants are driven to slash democratic rights reveal, to bar Warren on the first visit were Montreal; and Bob Braxton and Carol spoke to broad meetings sponsored by and use their political police to attack shown to be groundless. Glemaud, a garment worker and a Haitian Political Rights Defense Fund. workers- native as well as immigrant," The high point of this campaign was machinist both fighting firings due to union he said. "And this opens the door to the three meetings sponsored by the Political and political activity on the job. Women's Congress. She was finally given greatest fear of the rulers - that these two Rights Defense Fund held in Montreal, To­ forces will come together in defense of a room when the clerk was informed she ronto, and New York October 29-31. (See their mutual interests." Step-up in racist harassment was a guest of the college. November 13 Militant for a report on the Warren thanked the audiences for what Victimization of Black and Hispanic vis­ The Afro Canadian, a Black newspaper New York event.) A wide range of speak­ they had done in his case, dealing a blow to itors and immigrants, such as the abuse of in Montreal, reported that a Black scholar ers protested the abuse of Warren and dis­ the racist policies of Canadian and U.S. au­ Warren, is increasing. This has been espe­ invited to lecture in Montreal on the same cussed how to unite to defend political thorities and reafirming the right to travel. cially true following the adoption of a new weekend Mac Warren was detained, was rights. "This victory is a precedent for everyone," immigration law, described at the Toronto also barred entry. The recent victory in the Socialist Work­ meeting by Geraldine Sadoway, a member he concluded, "because it shows that we ers Party and Young Socialist Alliance of the Law Union of Ontario, as "the most John Braithewaite of the Black Commu­ can come together and successfully defend lawsuit against the U.S. government - drastic immigration legislation we've seen nity Council of Quebec described the dis­ the right to be politically active. which exposed FBI crimes and won a land­ in Canada since before World War II." crimination Montreal Blacks face in hous­ Dan Heap, a New Democratic Party ing; employment, and immigration policy, mark court ruling that FBI spying, disrup­ A group of students from Concordia member of Parliament and a strong critic of tion, and blacklisting are unconstitutional University attended the Montreal meeting and the police harassment they suffer. "The government immigration policy, told the incident against Mac was a very good ex­ - served as an example that it is possible and reported that shortly after Warren was Toronto meeting about the Canadian gov­ to wage a successful public fight against barred from Canada, Angela Davis also at­ ample of this kind of discrimination," he ernment's proposed new emergency mea­ explained. "He was not refused because he government attacks. tempted to enter Canada at Dorval airport. sures bill. Heap explained that this bill Davis, a Black leader of the U.S. Com­ is a socialist, but because he is a Black would grant the authorities the power to de­ socialist." Not an isolated incident munist Party, was coming to speak at their clare an "emergency" and suspend civil Recent revelations have exposed an campus. She was detained and interrogated Brian Wright McLeod of the Canadian liberties. It must be exposed and fought, he elaborate espionage operation organized by at the airport and allowed in only after Alliance in support of the Native Peoples said. the Canadian Security Intelligence Service agreeing to leave Canada within four days. told the Toronto meeting of the abuse suf­ Johanne Galipeau of the League for (CSIS), the Canadian government's coun­ Later, a desk clerk attempted to deny her fered by Native people. Rights and Civil Liberties, Quebec's main terpart to the FBI. These revelations have a room at the Hotel Maritime when shear­ Other speakers described how the Cana­ civil rights organization, described her exposed widespread CSIS use of pro­ rived accompanied by Lynn Calliste, co­ dian government uses political as well as group's support for Warren's fight. She an­ vocateurs and police spies against the coordinator of the Concordia Black racist grounds for its discriminatory immi­ nounced that the league has decided to call gration practices. together all interested organizations and in­ Victor Regalado, a prominent refugee dividuals to coordinate action in defense of from El Salvador, addressed the Montreal democratic rights. Join the fight meeting. Regalado lost a lengthy battle for Political Rights Defense Fund political asylum in Canada and is currently under a deportation order for "national se­ John Studer, executive director of the for democratic rights curity" reasons. Because of the wide public Political Rights Defense Fund, and John Steele, organizer of the PRDF meeting in Help the Political Rights Defense fund protect the Bill of knowledge and support for his fight to re­ main in Canada, he has not been deported. Canada, addressed both Canadian gather­ Rights. Support the suit brought by the Socialist Workers Dave Humphreys of the Irish Freedom ings. Party and Young Socialist Alliance against government Association told the Toronto meeting of the They explained the importance of the spying. authorities decision to bar Gerry Adams victory over government spying in the from Canada. Adams is the president of the Socialist Workers Party suit as a precedent revolutionary organization in Ireland , Sinn in the fight for political rights in both Fein, and is an elected member of the Brit­ Canada and the United States. DECISION: ish Parliament representing West Belfast in "The PRDF victory is a blow against the Northern Ireland. U.S. government's efforts to use its 'na­ Government spying tional security' laws to harass and vic­ and disruption are timize ;til those fighting against its anti­ unconstitutional 'Standard operating procedure' worker policies," Steele said. and illegal In his talks to all three meetings, Warren "The fight waged by PRDF shows that began by describing how he was abused by Complete text of Judge Thomas attacks on democratic rights can be beaten Canadian and U.S. immigrations officials back. By defending each other, by apply­ Griesa' s August 1986 decision in Socialist Workers Party v. FBI law- on September 19. He pointed out that other ing the working-class motto 'an injury to U.S. socialists had arrived at Dorval the one is an injury to all,'" Steele told the filii• ~·~ suit. plus text of his injunction bar- Rights same day and had been allowed into the Canadian audiences, "an effective struggle Defense ring use of FBI files. Fund country. They were white. But like many can be waged against these laws and police other nonwhites, Warren was selected for agencies." further investigation. Only after going In Canada, Warren's lawyer Stuart Rus­ D Enclosed is my tax-deduc- through his personal papers did the offi­ sell, PRDF supporters, and other activists tible contribution of $ __ Name cials discover that he was a socialist leader. are continuing to press for all government D I want to be a sponsor of Address "What they did to me was not a new pol­ files on Warren. PRDF. icy," Warren explained. "It's what they do City At the end of October; Leonard Boudin D Send me ___ copies of to people like me, of my color. It was stan­ was informed by Samuel Banks of the U.S. the federal judge's deci- State Zip dard operating procedure. It all starts with Customs Service that the agency is now sion ($1 each). Organization the racist nature of the immigration laws conducting an investigation into the con­ themselves. For them the political victimi-. Signature duct of the U.S. officials involved in the zation was a bonus." · · abuse of Warren and will provide a com­ Send to: Political Rights Defense Fund. P.O. Box 649, Cooper Station. NY. NY 10003 Warren explained that Canada is not the plete report on the results of the investiga­ only country in the process of adopting tion.

8 The Militant December 11, 1987 Joining in work of a Cuban volunteer construction brigade U.S. visitors see success of new movement BY ELIZABETH STONE We were introduced to another volun­ HAVANA, Cuba - Traveling around teer, a sound technician for a radio station, this city today you see construction sites who they claimed was now "the best ce­ and buildings going up everywhere. This is ment mixer in Havana." Another man the work of what Cubans call the micro­ working with us, who was outdoing him­ brigade movement - a gigantic effort by self shoveling and hauling sand, turned out tens of thousands of Cubans to build badly to be a veterinarian. · needed housing, child-care centers, clinics, "Everyone works together here," one of hospitals, and otherfacilities. the women explained. "We have old Workers on the microbrigades are vol­ people and young men and women, work­ unteers who leave their jobs on a temporary ers, students, and housewives. We have basis to work on construction projects. one woman working who is 76 years old." They continue to be paid at their regular At break time we were called over to workplace and coworkers fill in for them. meet another woman who proudly Also other volunteers work without pay explained that she was one of the 28 full­ Havana child-care center. Tens of thousands of Cubans have joined revived "micro­ after their regular jobs-in the evenings or time brigadistas on the project. She had brigades" to help overcome shortage of daycare and other facilities. A rising social on weekends. left her regular secretarial job and planned problem was created when the brigades were disbanded from the mid-1970s to 1986. The goals of the microbrigade campaign to work with the construction brigades for are very ambitious. In Havana alone, dur­ the next five years. much enthusiasm is that they are a way for try to find individual solutions to their ing the two-year period 1987-88 they plan "Did she like this better than being a sec­ masses of Cubans to get involved in solv­ problems. Facilities for child care and to build 100 child-care centers, 12,000 retary?" we asked. "Yes," she said, "It's ing serious problems that have plagued the other services of use to the community as a combination home-offices for the family more active- much better than sitting at a country for a long time. There is a great whole simply didn't get built even if they doctor program, 10 health clinics, 28 desk." She added, "More important to me deal of dissatisfaction among Cubans with were planned. bakeries, 3 swimming-pool complexes, 14 is that this is beautiful work, because I'm the construction industry, which has car­ The wage gap and the differential in the special schools, and more than 20,000 working with others to build things we ried out its work at a snail's pace during the real standard of living between the lowest­ housing units. need - like child-care centers and hous­ past decade and was continually leaving paid workers and those who earned more Longer-term projections call for even ing." projects unfinished. began to widen. more massive building, not only in Havana We were told that at this site, like many The housing crisis in Havana is severe. To combat these and other negative but throughout the country. The goal of the others, work is going on in shifts around The city's population has doubled since campaign is to do nothing less than elimi­ the clock. Everyone is anxious to make the trends, a process called "rectification" was 1959 and new housing has not come close opened up in the spring of 1986 with the re­ nate by the year 2000 a number of the most deadline they have set - 50 child-care to meeting the demand. Many older build­ pressing social problems facing Cuban centers, serving 10,000 children, by the born microbrigades playing a central role. ings in the city are badly in need of repair. The method of the microbrigade - working people. A slogan you often see end of the year. Some have even collapsed, while the walls hanging on buildings, especially at con­ mobilizing the masses of people to solve Impact of brigades of others don't buckle only because they their problems - is now being counter­ struction sites, is "Forward to the year are shored up. posed to doing things through bureaucratic 2000!" Over 20,000 workers are part of the To overcome this problem, a massive and administrative means. I had a chance to catch some of the en­ brigades in Havana, a figure expected to housing repair capaign is projected, as well thusiasm of the campaign when, along with expand rapidly to 30,000. More than 3,000 as the construction of 250,000 new housing In the workplaces, wage incentives such other U.S. journalists, I spent a Saturday of the volunteers are women. units in Havana by 2000. as bonuses continue to be used. But the afternoon working on a microbrigade Everyone is urged to pitch in regardless Another problem being confronted is the bonuses are being adjusted to make them building a child-care center. of what other responsibilities they have. 62 neighborhoods that the Cubans have more fair, and the workers on the lowest Our group of journalists were all women On our visit to Cuba we met leaders of the designated as -"unhealthy." These are areas end of the payscale are getting a raise. and we were in Cuba to find out about the Federation of Cuban Women, trade union where newly arrived city residents have put Most important, the brigades are being situation of women there, so it was appro­ leaders, people in government ministries, up makeshift housing, that goes without used to show that with collective effort and priate that the brigade we worked on was and even one of Cuba's leading poets, who benefit of city services. The plan is to tear leadership, Cuba's immediate social needs sponsored by Cuba's mass women's or­ said they were working on the brigades. down these neighborhoods and to form can be met today and tomorrow - not in ganization, the Federation of Cuban The movement is having an impact, not microbrigades made up of the residents of some distant future. Women. only on those who actually do the work, the areas to build new housing. The microbrigades are also building but in factories, offices, and other work­ Already one such brigade has created a more respect for physical labor and for Beehive of activity places that are releasing people for the new neighborhood of 84 homes. "We'll workers who do manual labor. When we arrived at the site it was a bee­ brigades. Most workplaces in Cuba are in solve this problem they same way we're Before the brigades began there was a hive of activity, with many women, as well fact overstaffed, leading to problems of solving others," Cuba's President Fidel shortage of construction workers in Ha­ as men, pitching in. Two women greeted low productivity, inefficiency, and low Castro has explained, "with the same vana because there is no structural un­ us, and before we knew it they had us sift­ morale. The brigades provide an opportu­ method of microbrigades and the masses." employment in Cuba and most workers ing and shoveling sand for concrete. Both nity to deal with this, not by layoffs and un­ Child care is another big need, due to a preferred other jobs. To take up the slack, women were social workers who partici­ employment as capitalism does, but by dramatic growth in the number of women workers were recuited from other parts of pated in the brigade on weekends and after shifting workers to meet social needs. working. In Havana women hold 44 per­ the country for construction in Havana, work. Workers are challenged to send the best, cent of the jobs. Nationwide the percentage thus adding further to the housing shortage- How had they learned their construction most responsible workers to the brigades is 38. Now with the growing awareness of the skills? "We learn everything right here," and at the same time to try to make their There is a lot of pride in Cuba in the pub­ importance of this effort, there is no labor one said. "How to prepare cement, how to workplaces more efficient. lic child-care facilities built by the revolu­ shortage in construction. If anything, the lay tiles, paint- all those things." One reason the brigades have evoked so tion, which are better quality and more organizers of the brigades are struggling to numerous than in the United States. But find enough construction materials to keep after 1980, just when the need increased, up with the number of volunteers. new centers weren't built. Why? Those re­ This new attitude toward physical work New! sponsible said there weren't enough mater­ is also spreading to other areas. The work­ ials or labor. But, the real reason involved ers who are working in construction as and the deeper problems, which the Cubans are their regular jobs are becoming inspired Che Guevara now trying to correct. and working with more efficiency because Cuban Revolution they feel that they too can have an effect in Reliance on administrators solving big problems. Writings and Speeches of The problems began in the mid-1970s The microbrigade movement, and the with the establishment of the New Eco­ broader rectification process, are also rees­ Ernesto Che Guevara nomic Planning and Management System. tablishing what the revolution's goals and Published 20 years after Guevara's As part of the reorganization, volunteer priorities should be. As one young leader work and microbrigades for construction of the Federation of Cuban Women death, this selection includes articles were phased out on the grounds that they explained to me, "When you stop building and speeches on the Cuban revolu­ were incompatible with the new system, child care, when housing stops being a tionary war, Cuba's efforts to over­ which relied more and more on wage dif­ priority, when you stop building things come economic backwardness in ferentials and bonuses to encourage pro­ people need, then you are in danger of los­ the face of U.S. attacks, the task of ductivity and efficient use of resources. Po­ ing all the revolution stands for." developing a new social conscious­ litical leadership and social consciousness Fidel Castro spoke along similar lines at ness in a society on the road to were downgraded in importance. It became the inauguration of the first child-care cen­ more accepted that any extra effort on the ter completed by the microbrigades. He socialism, and Cuba's commitment part of workers should only be done for explained that it is precisely attitudes to­ to freedom struggles throughout the pay. Big stress was placed on bonuses, ward social needs, such as child care, that world. which were paid to workers if they overful­ distinguishes capitalism from socialism. 416 pp .• $11.95. filled production quotas. Pointing out that under capitalism 500 Please add 75~ for postage. At many workplaces, production quotas years passed in Cuba without the building Published by Pathfinder/Pacific and Asia in were kept low so that bonuses would be ar­ of a single child care center, he said, "We Sydney, Australia. tificially high. don't want to return to any idea that child Pathfinder, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. As a result of these political and eco­ care is unimportant. . . . Now we have 10014•47TheCut, London, SE18LL, Eng­ nomic changes, collective action to solve land • P.O. Box 37, Leichhardt, Sydney, 100,000 children in child care centers in NSW 2040, Australia. pressing social problems such as housing the whole country. We are going to raise and child care declined and people began to that to 200,000, if this is necessary."

December 11, 1987 The Militant 9 Salvadoran rebel leaders return home Zamora, Ungo announce new political alliance; speak at public rallies

BY HARRY RING tiona! Liberation Front, but they know they Utilizing the opening for democratic cannot dictate our alliances." rights provided by the Guatemala peace ac­ cords, Guillermo Ungo and Ruben Zam­ The return of Zamora and Ungo and ora, two exiled leaders of El Salvador's lib­ their political initiatives pose a major new eration movement, returned to their home­ challenge for the beleaguered regime of El land. They immediately began addressing Salvador's U.S. sponsored president, Jose public rallies and moved to create a new Napoleon Durarte. three-party political alliance. "We have to change the unjust structures Crisis-ridden regime of this society - so forward with the bat­ Despite continuing efforts, the 56,000- tle," Zamora declared at one rally. member army has been unable to defeat the Zamora and Ungo are leaders of the forces of the FMLN. And the dramatic re­ Revolutionary Democratic Front (FOR), turn of Zamora and Ungo testifies to the the political coalition allied with El Sal­ weakness of the regime on the political vador's armed insurgent force, the front. Its instability is reflected in some of Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front its recent actions. (FMLN). In a particularly scandalous move, the They went back to El Salvador, without Duarte-controlled National Assembly waiting for an invitation, on the basis of the voted an amnesty October 27 that ensures Guatemala accords signed last August by immunity from prosecution for the right­ the governments of El Salvador, Nicara­ wing death squad members who murdered gua, Honduras, Guatemala, and Costa an estimated 40,000 Salvadorans. Rica. The pact provides that subscribing The amnesty is also supposed to provide governments ensure the political rights of for the release of political prisoners. There opposition forces. are an estimated 1,000 of these, all but a Guille~o Ungo (left) and Ruben Zamora, exiled leaders of the Revolutionary Dem­ Exiled handful of whom are real or alleged left­ wing opponents of the regime. ocratic Front on their return to El Salvador. In exile since 1980, these leaders have Zamora and Ungo had been forced to taken advantage of the Central America peace accords to return home and deepen leave El Salvador in 1980 during a wave of According to an Amnesty International political organizing against the U.S.-backed Duarte regime. assassinations by government-backed right­ study last year, 90 percent of these have wing death squads. Both had been been in jail more than four years without a gram, along with the Salvadoran director the triggerman, Capt. Alvaro Saravia, to targeted, and Zamora's brother had been trial. Another study found that of 443 pris­ of the program. the church and later heard him discuss the murdered. During their exile, they served oners, all but two said they had been tor­ At the insistence of Catholic church offi­ execution with D' Aubuisson. as principal spokespeople for the liberation tured, usually during their first few weeks cials, a last-minute change was made in the movement. The two have already received of detention. amnesty law to exclude those who mur­ Saravia was taken into custody by U.S. telephone death threats since they returned. dered Archbishop Oscar Romero during a marshalls at his Miami home, and the Sal­ Killers to be freed vadoran government said it was moving to At a November 30 press conference in mass in 1980. Among the right-wing butchers slated have D' Aubuisson stripped of his legal im­ the capital city of San Salvador, Ungo and With that, Durarte discovered, after for freedom under the amnesty are the five munity so he could be prosecuted. Zamora announced formation of the Dem­ seven years, that the government had a wit­ National Guard members who raped and ocratic Convergence. This is an alliance of ness to testify that the Romero murder was D' Aubuisson responded by pointing to murdered four U.S. church women in the National Revolutionary Movement, led the work of Roberto D' Aubuisson, the ul­ Col. Reynaldo Lopez, a Duarte stalwart 1980. The amnesty would also free two by Ungo, the Popular Social Christian trarightist who now sits in the National As­ and former head of the notorious National guardsmen doing time for gunning down Movement, led by Zamora, and the Social sembly. Police, as a perpetrator of death-squad kill­ two U.S advisers to a government land pro- Democratic Party. The witness reported that he had driven ings. A four-point program of the coalition was reported, including negotiating an end to the eight-year war, withdrawal of U.S. CIA campus appointment sparks protests military "advisers," economic reform, and political democracy." Ungo said the coalition has not yet de­ BY JEFFREY LEVINE dents may have about the agency." his views. Organizers of the protests have cided if it will participate in the March SANTA BARBARA, Calif. - The ap­ There have been daily articles in the frequently invited him to present his side to 1988 elections slated by the government. pointment of CIA official George Chritton campus newspaper defending or opposing rallies and meetings. Ungo also said that he and Zamora had to the University of California faculty here the appointment, and foes have organized "Academic freedom and the Central In­ met with the U.S. ambassador in San Sal­ by Chancellor Barbara Uehling has sparked several protest rallies. telligence Agency are completely incom­ vador. wide debate and protest. On November 16 John Stockwell, the patible," explained one student leader. "A former head of the CIA task force on An­ CIA agent is prohibited by law to provide "It was a respectful conversation where The CIA, which is paying Chritton's sal­ gola who helped expose U.S. collaboration certain information and can be required to our differences were clearly defined," ary, describes his role on the faculty as part with the apartheid regime of South Africa give disinformation. Ungo said. "The American dream is that of a program to "enhance CIA's recruiting against the Angolan people, spoke to 1,200 we break with the Farabundo Marti Na- efforts ... and to respond to concerns stu- people on campus. "If a student in one of Chritton' s classes asks him about the role of the CIA in over­ On November 5, just before Chritten's throwing the Guatemalan government in Subscribe to 'Perspectiva Mundial' appointment was officially announced, the 1950s, or the capture and murder of more than 800 students and faculty pro­ Che Guevara, or the ties between the CIA tested in front of the administration build­ and the South African regime, his employ­ Washington's domestic secret war ing. About 150 students occupied the of­ er can and will require him to withhold in­ fice of the chancellor and 38, including this formation or lie." As a reader of the Militant you reporter, were arrested. A faculty member opposed to the ap­ are familiar with our weekly In the news release announcing the ap­ pointment noted the CIA's record of send­ coverage of the struggles of %tr:'rn31~ pointment, Uehling declared, "The most ing agents to other countries under the working people around the important issue is freedom of speech and cover of being academic researchers. He world. the capacity of a university to provide for said the administration's open collabora­ the expression of a broad range of ideas." tion with the CIA will cast suspicion on If you can read or are studying Washington Foes of the appointment state that no one University of California faculty members hace todo lo is challenging Chritten' s right to express Spanish, there is a complemen­ posible por who do research abroad. tary monthly magazine for you: sabotear Perspectiva Mundial. PM is a acuerdos de Spanish-language socialist mag­ Esquipulas Antiwar youth groups in U.S. send azine that carries many of the same articles you read in the greetings to Guatemala conference Militant. The December issue of PM fea­ NEW YORK - On November 30, 11. allowed to recruit on their campuses and to tures an article by Larry Seigle on U.S. youth organizations sent a message of pressure legislators to oppose contra aid." the secret war the U.S. rulers solidarity to the Conference of Central The message was signed by: Phil Stein­ American Youth for Peace, meeting in berg, Democratic Socialists of America have been carrying out against Guatemala City, Guatemala, November Youth Section; Reginald Ramsey, Georgia democratic rights working people Subscriptions: $7 for one year; 29- December 2. Black Students Association; Chris Nisan, in this country have won. $4 for six months; Introductory Marketplace Forum of St. Paul, Min­ offer, $2.00 for five months. The message said, in part, "We youth in Seigle describes a 50-year do­ the U.S. share the aims of your conference. nesota; Kim Paulus, National Student Ac­ mestic contra operatio.n against 0 Begin my sub with current We are in solidarity with the youth of Cen­ tion' Center; Luis Eduardo Mendieta, Na­ unions, Black rights fighters, and issue. tral America, and we pledge to work to de­ tional Student Convention '88- Rutgers communists. mand that the U.S. government respect the Host Planning Council; Anne Johnstone, Name~------,.-­ sovereignty of the nations of Central Amer­ Progressive Student Network; Brenda Davenport, Southern Christian Leadership The article gives a background Address------­ ica and comply with the Guatemala peace to the lawsuit against police spy­ accords. Conference national student coordinator; ing and sabotage launched by the City/State/Zip-----­ Sarajean Rossitto, Students Association of "Thousands of youth are traveling to the State University of New York; Fred Socialist Workers Party and Young Clip and mail to PM, 410 West Nicaragua on volunteer brigades in the Azcarate, United States Students Associa­ Socialist Alliance in 1973. St., New York, NY 10014. spirit of Ben Linder. tion; Francisco Picado, Young Socialist "Across the U.S., students are organiz­ Alliance; and Naomi Green, Youth for Life ing protests to demand that the CIA not be of Arizona.

10 The Militant December 11, 1987 Opposition coalition is winner in elections in Suriname BY NELS J'ANTHONY It was founded by the civil servants' con­ power, they nationalized several indus­ Elections were held November 26 in the federation and a union federation of indus­ tries, including a Dutch-owned power South American country of Suriname. Ac­ trial workers known as C-47. company. cording to unofficial and incomplete re­ The elections were the first since In 1982 the Dutch government put on the turns, a coalition of three opposition parties Bouterse and a group of other noncom­ squeeze by halting $100 million in annual won 80 percent of the vote. As a result, it misioned officers won power in 1980. aid that it had committed itself to provide will recieve at least 40 of the 51 seats in the Under a new constitution, approved by until 1990. The $1 00 million represents National Assembly. the voters in September, a national assem­ more than 10 percent of the gross national Most of the balance of the votes report­ bly was created whose newly elected mem­ product in a country of 400,000 people. edly went to the National Democratic bers are to elect a president. Laws will be Washington has also cut off aid to Party, led by Lt. Col. Desi Bouterse, who enacted not by the assembly but by a na­ Suriname and, in 1983, Reagan officials heads the government and to the recently tional council that remains to be estab­ admitted a CIA plan to overthrow the established Surinamese Labor Party. lished. Bouterse government. The United States is In September, as a U.S. trade unionist, I The winning electoral coalition indi­ Suriname's biggest trade partner. was invited to Suriname for a week by the cated it did not anticipate creation of full Also, the Dutch, French, and U.S. gov­ Confederation of Civil Servants' Organiza­ civilian rule. ernments have given help to a right-wing tions, and was able to observe some of the Suriname has been a leading producer of military gang that has dealt blows to Lt. Col. Desi Bouterse initial election campaigning. bauxite, an aluminum ore. Unitil 1975 it Suriname's economy. They have forced I attended several rallies of the Labor was a Dutch colony. the shutdown of one of the largest bauxite The three parties that comprised the win­ Party, which had been launched on July 1. When the Bouterse forces came to mines and one of the country's two bauxite ning coalition in the election were estab~ processing plants. The rightists also forced Iished in the 1940's under Dutch colonial the abandonment of Suriname's three rule, and its top leadership includes politi­ cooking oil processing plants. The rebels cians who were ousted in the 1980 over­ Cancel debt, urges Guyanese operate out of the neighboring French col­ tum. The coalition is supported by those ony of Guyane. with wealth and property. BY NANCY ROSENSTOCK Between 1977 and 1986 real wages de­ When the Bouterse regime first came to During my stay, I attended two Labor NEW YORK -Calling for cancellation clined by 48 percent. At the same time, power, union officials say they looked to it Party rallies in the capital city of of Guyana's debt, Cheddi Jagan, general prices have skyrocketed. So far in 1987 the as a defender of the country against Dutch, Paramaribo and one to lauch the party in secretary gf the People's Progressive Party Guyanese dollar was devalued by 130 per­ U.S., and other foreign interests. the district of Saramacca. There, despite of Guyana and that country's formerprime cent, raising the prices of imported goods. They say that in the seven years since, government and employer intimidation, minister, spoke to a meeting held at Casa however, little progress has been made and The government of President Desmond 200 people turned out. In P!ifamaribo, the de las Americas here. The November 15 harsh measures have be~n illlposed. larger of the two rallies drew more than Hoyte of the People's National Congress, There is a shortage of food, severe infla­ 300 people. event was sponsored by the Committee for Jagan pointed out, is putting Guyana in the a Free Guyana and the Association of Con­ tion, and increased unemployment. And hands of the International Monetary Fund. cerned Guyanese-USA and was attended there is continuing domination of the Nels J' Anthony was an oil worker in The People's Progressive Party, on the ecoonomy by such companies as Royal Louisiana and a member of the Oil, Chem­ by 150 people. other hand, he said, calls for suspension of Dutch Shell and Alcoa, the U.S. aluminum Jagan said that Latin America was in a payments on the foreign debt and an in­ ical and Atomic Workers union at the time grave crisis highlighted by its huge foreign processor. he visited Suriname. crease in the minimum wage. debt. Guyana, a West Indies country bor­ dering on Venezuela, has a foreign debt of Citing massive rigging of past elections, $1.5 billion, making it among the highest Jagan called for measures to insure free and in the world on a per capita basis, he said. fair elections. This demand is being raised -WORI.D NEWS BRIEFS-- Jagan pointed out that workers' and by the Patriotic Coalition for Democracy, a farmers' income is steadily falling as well. group of five opposition parties. Senate committee votes American, said the offer will give work­ ers a direct stake in the corporation. It to end aid to Panama constitutes, he said, an alternative to "centralist socialism on the one hand and Protests target U.S.-run contra war Following similar actions taken by the rigorous capitalism on the other." White House in July and the House For­ The National Union of Mineworkers During November, protests demanding with the Central American peace accords. eign Affairs Committee in October, the immediate response was to reject the an end to the U.S. war againstNicaragua The demonstration was organized by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee offer. "It stinks," said Cyril Ramaphosa, and calling for a halt to the contras took Emergency Coalition Against Contra Aid, voted unanimously November 19 to end general secretary of the NUM. Terming place in several cities. which includes more than 25 solidarity and all but humanitarian aid to Panama. The the offer political and economic black­ More than 1 ,000 participated in a Los antiwar organizations. Mira Brown, a co­ . Senate measure also includes an em­ mail, he said, "This initiative is an at­ Angeles demonstration November 7, which worker of slain U.S. volunteer Ben Linder, bargo on sugar imports from Panama, as tempt to undermine the strength of the marched through the city's Central Ameri­ spoke to the rally, along with congressman well as a proviso to allow the CIA to unions. They won't be tricked into a pal­ can community. Large numbers of college Michael Lowry and others. continue paying certain Panamanians in try share-ownership scheme." students participated, as well as contin­ In Boston, 80 people came to demon­ its employ in that country. Ramaphosa pointed out the role of gents from Children of War, National strate against the scheduled appearance of This is the latest move in the U.S.-in- Anglo Ameri.can in rejecting the union's . spired campaign to force the ouster of Union of Salvadoran Workers Support Adolfo Calero, a top contra leader, at Bos­ demands during the miners' strike ear­ Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega, Pana­ Committee, Young Koreans United, and ton University on November 24. Although lier this fall . "They refused to grant the ma's top military commander and de others. he canceled out, the evening protest went pay rises which could have ended the ahead as planned. Candles lit up crosses facto political leader. The U.S. frames strike and now they are coming in On the same day 200 demonstrators took bearing the names of Nicaraguan war vic­ its campaign as a call for a return to ci­ through the back door and offering part in an antiwar demonstration in St. tims, as demonstrators marched through vilian rule. Earlier this year, U.S.-sup­ shares. What matters to the workers is Louis. A highlight of the day was the an­ the Boston University campus. Beverly ported protests calling for Noriega's res­ not wealth in the future but wages now," nouncement that a 40-foot cargo container Treumann, a prominent solidarity activist ignation . were .S\aged by a .coalition of he said. filled with clothing, sports equipment, four and director of the NICA school, spolce to conservative forces in Panama, includ­ tons of medicine, and an entire dentist's of­ the ra:tly, along with a representative from ing the Chamber of Commerce. fice would be shipped from St. Louis to Anti-Cuban terrorist to the Pledge of Resistance, The Panamanian government charges Nicaragua in the coming week. The effort that the anti-Noriega campaign is an ef­ attempt return to U.S. was organized by Missouri Quest for fort to .undo the 1977 agreement with Peace. Washington to return control of the Orlando Bosch, the anti~Cuban ter­ In Seattle more than 500 marched on Panama Canal to Panama in 1999. The rorist assumed responsible for master­ November 14 to demand U.S. compliance National Assembly voted November 24 minding the 1976 bombing of a Cuban to urge the start of talks to remove the airliner, is planning to try to return to the United States Southern Command from United States, the Miami Herald re­ Panama. ports. Among the 73 people who were Sign up for a killed in that crash, which took place off work brigade to South African miners Barbados, was the Cuban fencing team. At the time, Cuban President Fidel Cas- Nicaragua reject stock offer . tro charged the CIA with also being di­ rectly involved. Two harvest brigades. Jan. 3-17; and On November 26 the Anglo American Jan. 9-30. Contact Nicaragua Network, Since 1976 Bosch has been in prison Corp. -the giant South African mining in Venezuela, wherehe and three others 2025 I St. NW., Suite 212, Washington, and industrial conglomerate whose hold­ D.C. 20006. Telephone (202) 223-2328. were tried for the terrorist bombing. · Approximate cost, $540 not including ings include DeBeers diamond group - Two remain in prison, serving 20-year U.S. to Mexico City round trip. announced a plan to offer shares of stock sentences for the crime; one mysteri­ to its 250,000employees, most of whom ously escaped from prison; and Bosch Construction brigade to the Adtmtk are Black. Included are 100,000 mem­ has now been acquitted for the second Coast region. Volunteers will go to the bers of the National Union of Mine­ time of actually planting the bomb. This Atlantic Coast town of La Fe near Blue­ workers, the anti-apartheid union that paves the way for his return to Miami, fields to build housing for the English­ represents Black miners. The stock will which he fled in 1974 after serving sev­ speaking Black community there. Partic­ be held in trust for four years, after eral years in a U.S. prison for an attack ipants will have opportunity to witness which the employees may do what they on a Polish freighter in the ·Port of autonomy prQCess of the coast peoples. please with it. The stock's value is esti­ Cost: approximately $650. Scholarships Miami. His flight constituted a parole mated at $750 over five years ~ about violation, for which he faces possible ar­ available. For more information·ct>ntact: · three months' wages fora Black miner. ACLA, P.O. Box 4184, Atlanta, Ga. rest · upon his return. While living in 30302. Tel: (404) 377-1079; or•Witness Anglo American recorded after-tax prof­ Miami, he made public calls for killing for Peace, 222 E. Lake Dr., Decatur, Ga. Militant/Jim Garrison its of $550 million in 1986 .. Cuban diplomats, invading Cuban em­ 30030. St. Louis march November 7 against Gavin Reily,· the chairman of Anglo bassies, and hijacking Cuban planes. contra aid.

December 11, 1987 The Militant 11 -THE GREAT SOCIETY------

And the end is not yet - "The Creeping subversion - FBI sweeteners and little, if any apple hours because of emotional burn­ Cadillac's '88 Allante will be situation is a little confusing." - snoopers who feel they're under­ juice. out. Dealing with sometimes sui­ available in black and red, as well Contra honcho Alfonso Robelo. paid for working in New York are cidal, depressed, morose, un­ as white, silver, and gold. considering a sick-out. A swastika included?- "An­ happy people is a draining experi­ tique Arms Arsenal" in North ence." Tough sitl,aation - College The Eastern route - Miami­ Carolina offers a fighting knife, Republicans at Florida Atlantic based Eastern Airlines proposes to assertedly widely used by U.S. A statement? - Folk in University in Boca Raton held a lay off 3,000 workers and hire marines and the Nicaraguan con­ Tuxedo, New York, were irked by "Contra Month" series of talks on Harry welfare recipients as reservation tras, for $100, with lO percent as­ official inaction on a landfill they Nicaragua. "It was pretty dismal," agents, with Florida subsidizing sertedly going to the contras. In­ deem a health hazard. In the recent the club leader said. So dismal that Ring part of their wages. Meanwhile, dudes "a certificate from the election, Town Justice Richard they may scratch the slated "Afgha­ we assume, the laid-off workers leadership of the Counter Revolu­ Barone, a part owner of the land­ nistan Freedom-Fighters Month." will be eligible for welfare. tion." fill, was again nominated by the Don't hold your breath- As­ Republicans, Democrats, and Don't be so touchy.,...- "It con­ serting that "illegal" strikes would The system that works Conservatives. He was dumped by firms the general public's disdain not be tolerated, Philippine Presi­ Capitalist competition insures a Not-to-worry line - To help a write-in candidate. for the Congress. It makes us look dent Corazon Aquino told busi­ better product, right? Like Beech­ harried small investors during the like a bunch of greedy insensitive nessfolk, "Now there is order on nut, which pleaded guilty to market dive, a securities associa­ jerks." Rep. James Slattery on the the shop floors, and I hope soon a peddling phony apple juice for tion opened a hotline that was A touch of class - "After all, move by House members to sneak greater compassion and sense of babies and accepted a $2 million promptly flooded with calls. Plus, people who spend $55,000 for a through a 3 percent raise for them­ justice in the hearts of manage­ fine. The "1 00 percent apple a spokesperson said, "We decided car want to be noticed." - An selves as part of a deficit-reduction ment." juice" included beet, can, and corn today to limit operators to four auto industry analyst, noting that bill. -CALENDAR------MINNESOTA political program. Special invited guests in­ Speakers: Steve Warshell, Socialist Workers CALIFORNIA clude the Sechaba Singers of the African Na­ Party; member Oil, Chemical and Atomic San Francisco Austin tional Congress. Sat., Dec. 5. Program, 8:30 Workers; Bill Kelly, Student Review newspa­ Celebrate the Publication of Che Guevara The Wall Street Crash- What It Means for p.m.; dinner, 6 p.m. 317 W 125th St. Donation: per; Tom Price, member Students Against IUJII tiJe Cubu Revolutioo. Speakers: Luis Working People and Farmers. Speaker: Phil $15.00. Sponsor: Friends of the "Venceremos Apartheid at University of Utah; Brian St. Flores, Farabundo Marti National Liberation Norris, Socialist Workers Party. Sun., Dec. 6, Brigade." For more information call (212) 349- Clair, member Young Socialist Alliance. Sat., Front-Revolutionary Democratic Front of El 6 p.m. 407 112 N Main St. Donation: $2. Spon­ 6292. Dec. 5 7:30. Salvador; Carlos Hernandez, leader of the Wat­ sor: Militant Labor Forum. For more informa­ Celebrate the Publication of Che Guevara All events at 147 E 900 South. Translation to sonville cannery strike; David Deutschmann, tion call (507) 433-3461. and the Cuban Revolution. Speakers: David Spanish. Donation: $5 for conference. Sponsot: editor of Che book. Translation to Spanish. Minneapolis Deutschmann, editor of book; Gus Newport, Militant Forum and YSA of Salt Lake City and Sat., Dec. . 12, 7 p.m. Media Art Gallery, 360 Education, Commemoration, and Celebra­ former mayor of Berkeley, Calif. , and co-chair Price. For more information call (801) 355- 9th St. (btw. Harrison and Folsom). Donation: tion of Namibian WooieD's Day. Educational­ of U.S. Peace Council; Roger Green, N.Y. 1124 (Salt Lake) or (801) 637-6294 (Price). $3. Sponsor: Pathfinder bookstores of San Fran­ cultural program. Sat. , Dec. 12, 7:30 p.m. state assemblyman and chair of the N.Y. State Celebrate A Victory for Democratic Rights. cisco and Oakland. For more information call People's Center, 2000 S 5th St. Sponsor: Black and Puerto Rican Legislative Caucus; Speakers: Bill Arth, Political Rights Defense (415) 282-6255 or 420-1165. Namibian Women's Day Coalition. For more Sun. , Dec. 6, 3 p.m. Mabel Dean Bacon High Fund; Nancy Jones, American Federation of information call (612) 822-3670. School Annex, 240 2nd Ave. (near 15th St.). Government Employees Local 2199; Andrew FLORIDA What's Behind U.S. Intervention in the Per­ Manhattan. For more information call (212) Hunt, editorial board of University of Utah Miami sian Gulf! Public forum and speak-out. Tue., 226-8445 or 741-0690. Daily Chronicle; John Sillito, professor Weber Dec. 15, 7:30p.m. University Luthern Church A Report on the Howard Beach Trial: Stop State College. Sat., Dec. 12, 7:30p.m. North­ Behind the Prison Uprisings: the Cuba-U.S. Racist Attacks. Speaker: Michael Baumann, west Multipurpose Center, room 17, 1300 W Immigration Agreement. Speakers: to be an­ of Hope, 6th St. SE and 13th Ave. SE. Dona­ tion:$2. For more information (612) 827-5364. Militant reporter at the Howard Beach trial. 300 N. Donation: $2. Sponsor: PROF. For nounced. Translation to Spanish. Fri., Dec. ll , Translation to Spanish. Fri., Dec. 11 , 7:30p.m. more information call (801) 363-5380. 7:30p.m. 137 NE 54th St. Donation: $2. Spon­ St. Paul 79 Leonard St. Donation: $3. Sponsor: Militant sor: Militant Labor Forum. For more informa­ Labor Forum/Foro Perspectiva Mundial. For tion call (305) 756-1020. Union-busting and Drug Testing: The Chal­ WEST VIRGINIA lenges Facing the Labor Movement. Speaker: more information call (212) 226-8445. ILLINOIS Michael Maggi, director of Political Rights De­ Un Saludo Navideiio. A Christmas Concert Morgantown fense Fund in Twin Cities and member of Oil, with Roy Brown. Sat., Dec. 12. 7:30p.m. An Evening in Solidarity with the People of Chicago Chemical and Atomic Workers Local 6-662. Casa de las Americas. 104 W 14th (between 6th South Africa. Featured speaker: Victor To Make a Revolution It Takes Revolution­ Sat. , Dec. 5, 7:30p.m. 508 N Snelling Ave. and 7th avenues). For more information call Mashabela, member of the Youth Section of the aries. A Socialist Educational Conference. Donation: $2. Sponsor: Militant Forum. (212) 675-2584. African National Congress and member of Se­ "South Africa: the Coming Revolution." Glasnost: Do Gorbacbev's Reforms Mean chaba Singers, the ANC's cultural group; others Sat., Dec. 12, 2 p.m. Better Days Ahead for Soviet Working OREGON to be announced. Sat. , Dec. 5. Reception, 6:30 "United States: the Wall Street Crash and the p.m.; program, 7:30p.m. 221 Pleasant St. Do­ People? Speaker: Wendy Lyons, Socialist Portland Decline of U.S. Capitalism." Sat., Dec. 12,7 Workers Party and meat-packer member of nation: $2. Sponsor: Pathfinder Books. For p.m. "The Truth Must Not Just Be tbe Truth; It more information call (304) 296-0055. United Food and Commercial Workers union. Must Also Be Told." Support tbe Socialist "Cuba and Nicaragua: Workers and Farmers Sat., Dec. 19, 7:30p.m. 508 N Snelling Ave. in Power." Sun., Dec. 12, 11 a.m. Speakers: re­ Publication Fund. Speakers: John Olmsted, Donation: $2. Sponsor: Militant Labor Forum. coordinator, Ben Linder Construction Brigade; gional leaders of the Socialist Workers Party. For more information call (612) 644-6325. Informal "Join the Young Socialist Alliance" Ilona Gersh, Socialist Workers Party; Dave Subscribe to discussions after classes. Translation to NEBRASKA Worthington, Painters Union Local 724; Fred Spanish. 6826 S Stony Island Ave. Donations: Auger, thesis student, Pacific Northwest Col­ 'Barricada $2 per class or $5 for conference. Sponsors: Omaha lege of Art. Sat., Dec. 5, 6 p.m. 2732 NE Chicago YSA and SWP. For more information Rally in Defense of Political Rights ..Speakers: Union. Donation: $4. Sponsor: Socialist Publi­ Internacional' call (312) 363-7322. Dan Cobos, ex-U.S. Air Force sergeant whore­ cations Fund. For more information call (503) cently won conscientious objector status in pro­ 284 2067. Barricada lnternacional, the biweekly MARYLAND test of U.S. Nicaragua policy; Bill Hearndon, official voice of the Sandinista National Baltimore BLAC; John McFarland, president, United UTAH Liberation Front, is available in English Steelworkers of America Local 8729; Bob Salt Lake City or Spanish. The price is 6 months for Cuba's Revolutionary PoHcy in Africa: The Schwarz, Omaha Political Rights Defense Fight Against South African Aggression in Educational Conference. "Fascism: What It Is $12, one year for $24. Fund. Sat., Dec. 12, reception, 6 p.m; program and How to Fight It." Two classes. Sat. , Dec. Angola. Speakers: G.I. Johnson, United Steel­ 7 p.m .. Unitarian First Church, 3114 Harney. workers of America District 8 Civil Rights 5, 3 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. Dinner at 6 p.m. Send check or money order to: Donation: $3. Sponsor: PROF. For more infor­ Speakers: Judy Stranahan, Socialist Workers Committee; Ken Morgan, Socialist Workers mation call (402) 553-0245. Nica News Party. Translation to Spanish. Sat., Dec. 12, Party, member International Ladies' Garment P.O. Box 398, Stn."E" 7:30 p.m.; dinner, 6 p.m. 2913 Greenmount Workers' Union; Karen Stockert, Young NEW YORK Socialist Alliance, member United Steelwork­ Toronto, Ontario Ave. Donation: forum, $2; dinner, $3. Sponsor: M6H 4E3 Canada Militant Labor Forum. For more information Manhattan ers of America. call (301) 235-0013. An Evening of Cuban Festivities. Cultural and "Speak Out Against the Aryan Nations." -IF YOU LIKE THIS PAPER, LO·OK US UP·.__. ------Where to find the Socialist Workers Party, (904) 877-9338. 4725 Troost. Zip: 64110. Tel: (816) 753-0224. Mark Mateja, Edinboro University of Pa. Zip: Young Socialist Alliance, and Pathfinder GEORGIA: Atlanta: SWP, YSA, 132 Cone St. Louis: SWP, YSA, 4907 Martin Luther 16412. Tel: (814) 398-2754. Philadelphia: bookstores. St. NW, 2nd Floor. Zip: 30303. Tel: (404) 577- King Dr. Zip: 6311 3. Tel: (3 14) 361 -0250. SWP, YSA, 2744 Germantown Ave. Zip: 4065. NEBRASKA: Omaha: SWP, YSA, 140 S. 191 33. Tel: (215) 225-0213. Pittsburgh: SWP, ALABAMA: Birmingham: SWP, YSA, ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA, 6826 S. 40th St. Zip: 68131. Tel: (402) 553-0245. YSA, 4905 Penn Ave. Zip: 15224. Tel: 1306 1st Ave. N. Zip: 35203. Tel: (205) 323- Stony Island Ave. Zip: 60649 .. Tel: (312) 363- NEW JERSEY: Newark: SWP, YSA, 141 (41 2) 362-6767. 3079. 7322. Halsey. Zip: 07102. Tel: (201) 643-3341. New TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Mike Rose, 7409 ARIZONA: Phoenix: SWP, YSA, 1809 W. INDIANA: Muncie: YSA, c/o Maurice Scott Brunswick: YSA, c/o Keith Jordan, 149 Somer­ Berkman Dr. Zip: 78752. Tel. (51 2) 452-3923. Indian School Rd. Zip: 85015. Tel: (602) 279- Peret, 11 25 W. Marsh St. Zip: 47303. Tel: (317) set St. Zip: 08903. Tel: (201) 828-1874. Houston: SWP, YSA, 4806 Almeda. Zip: 77004. 5850. Tucson: YSA, c/o UrsulaKolb, P.O. Box 282-2996. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Lisa Sand­ Tel: (71 3) 522-8054. 853. Zip: 85702-0852. Tel: (602) 795-2146. IOWA: Des Moines: SWP, YSA, 2105 For­ berg, 120 Lark St. Zip: 12210. Tel: (518) UTAH: Price: SWP, YSA, 23 S. Carbon Ave., CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles: SWP, YSA, est Ave. Zip: 50311. Tel: (515) 246-1695. 463-8001 . Mid-Hudson: YSA, Box 1042, Suite 19, P.O. Box 758. Zip: 84501. Tel: (801) 2546 W. Pico Blvd. Zip: 90006. Tel: (213) 380- LOUISIANA: New Orleans: YSA, P.O. Box Annandale. Zip: 12504. Tel: (914) 758-0408. 631-6294. Salt Lake City: SWP, YSA, 147 E. 9460. Oakland: SWP, YSA, 3702 Telegraph 53224. Zip: 70153. Tel: (504)484-6418. New York: SWP, YSA, 79 Leonard St. Zip: 900 South. Zip: 84111. Tel: (801) 355-1124. Ave. Zip: 94609. Tel: (415) 420-1165. San MARYLAND: Baltimore: SWP, YSA, 2913 10013. Tel: (212) 219-3679 or 925-1668. Path­ VIRGINIA: Portsmouth: YSA, P.O. Box Diego: SWP, YSA, 2803 B St. Zip: 92102. Tel: Greenmount Ave. Zip: 21218. Tel: (301) 235- finder Books, 226-8445. Rome: YSA, c/o Cos­ 6538, Churchland Station. Zip: 23707. (619) 234-4630. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, 0013. mos Andoloro, 7172 Rickmeyer Rd. Zip: 13440. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP, YSA, 3284 23rd St. Zip: 94110. Tel: (415) 282-6255. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, c/o Stony Brook: YSA, P.O . Box 1384,Patchogue, 3165 Mt. Pleasant St. NW. Zip: 20010. Tel: San Jo8e: SWP, YSA, 46112 Race St. Zip: David Warshawshky, P.O. Box 1383, Hampshire N.Y. Zip: 11772. (202) 797-7699, 797-7021. 95126. Tel: (408) 998-4007. Seaside: YSA, c/o College. Zip: 01002. Tel: (413) 5494843. Bos­ NORTH CAROLINA: Greensboro: SWP, WASIDNGTON: Seattle: SWP, YSA, Brian Olewude, 1790 Havana St. Zip: 93955. ton: SWP, YSA, 605 Massachusetts Ave. Zip: YSA, 2219 E Market. Zip: 27401. Tel: (919) 5517 Rainier Ave. South. Zip: 98118. Tel: Tel: (408) 394-7948. 02118. Tel: (617) 247-6772. 272-5996. (206) 723-5330. Stockton: YSA, c/o Ted Barratt and Gustavo MICffiGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, 2135 OffiO: Cleveland: SWP, YS'A, 2521 Mar­ WEST VIRGINIA: Charleston: SWP, Mendoza, 825 N. San Jose St. Zip: 95203. Tel: Woodward Ave. Zip:48201 . Tei: (313) 96I-0395. ket Ave. Zip: 4411 3. Tel: (216) 861-6150. YSA, 116 McFarland St. Zip: 25301 . Tel: (304) (209) 941-8544. MINNESOTA: Austin: SWP, YSA, 407 112 N. Columbus: YSA , P.O. Box 02097. Zip: 345-3040. Morgantown: SWP, YSA, 221 FLORIDA: Miami: SWP, YSA, 137 NE Main. Zip: 55912. Tel: (507) 433-3461. Twin 43202. Pleasant St. Zip: 26505. Tel: (304) 296-0055 . 54th St. Mailing address: P.O. Box 370486. Zip: Cities: SWP, YSA, 508 N. Snelling Ave., St. OREGON: Portland: SWP, YSA, 2732 NE WISCONSIN: Milwaukee: SWP, YSA, 33137. Tel: (305) 756-1020. Tallahassee: Paul. Zip: 55104. Tel: (61 2) 644-6325. Union. Zip: 9721 2. Tel: (503) 287-741 6. 4707 W. Lisbon Ave. Zip: 53208. Tel: (414) YSA, P.O. Box 20715. Zip: 32316. Tel: MISSOURI: Kansas City: SWP, YSA, PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, c/o 445-2076.

12 The Militant December 11, 1987 Cuba, U.S. renew immigration accord

Continued from front page prisoners, many of whom have been in jail most of those who want to leave. for several years. In the initial years of the revolution, . When Washington then turned around Washington did everything it could to en­ and announced it was going to deport more courage all those who wished to leave than 2,000 of them, rebellions broke out in Cuba to come to the United States, includ­ the two main prisons where Cuban immi­ ing many professionals. When the U.S. grants are held. door was shut in 1962, thousands of those In response to the prisoners taking of who had come faced separation from their hostages and burning down substantial families, who had expected to follow . parts of the prisons, the Reagan administra­ In 1965 Cuba opened the port of tion has indicated it might ease its deporta­ Cariamoca for those wanting to leave, tion plans somewhat. But nothing concrete compelling Washington 'to again accept has been announced to date. Cuban emigres. Spokespeople for the prisoners claim But in 1973 new U.S. immigration re­ that they will be imprisoned or worse if strictions reduced this to a trickle. they are returned to Cuba. However, In 1980 Cuba opened the port of Marie!, Ramon Sanchez, chief of the Cuban inter­ near Havana, for anyone who wanted to ests section in Washington, D.C., has as­ go. This was done in response to ongoing sured that those deported "will be exoner­ U.S. provocations. ated from illegal activities they might have Washington, and several Latin Ameri­ committed before their departure from can regimes complicit with it, had been Cuba." making it a policy not to grant visas to Cu­ He further noted that the couple hundred bans who tried to leave legally. But they Cubans who were deported during the few readily granted "political asylum" to those months the agreement was in effect in who left illegally - by crashing into em­ Militant 1984-85 have been well treated and rein­ bassies, hijacking boats, etc. Miami demonstration against U.S. propaganda station "Radio Marti." Protesters tegrated into Cuban society. "If you want When Marie! was opened, Cubans in saw Washington's broadcasts as obstacle to U.S.-Cuba immigration agreement. to go there and talk with them, you are wel­ Aorida organized a boatlift, and an esti­ come," he told reporters. mated 125,000 Cubans came to the United The reactionary view of the Cuban de­ States. people opt to stay, despite the hardships as­ the United States. tainees, which lies behind their treatment Initially, the administration of President sociated with the struggle to build The courts have ruled they have no con­ in this country, was articulated by Republi­ James Carter declared it welcomed the socialism right on the doorstep of the stitutional rights. Their alternatives are de­ can presidential candidate and former sec­ Marie! immigrants with open arms. But biggest military power in the world, which portation or imprisonment for life. Those retary of state Alexander Haig. when the number turned out to be far more has carried out an unrelenting campaign of in Atlanta are incarcerated in one of the than expected, the U.S. government abrupt­ military, economic, and political hostility worst federal prisons in the country. In He told Wall Street Journal reporters on ly declared such immigration illegal and toward the Cuban revolution since its in­ fact, it was in such disrepair that it was or­ November 25 that if it were up to him, as began seizing boats participating in the lift. ception. dered to be closed by the fall of 1984, but soon as the Cubans got here he would have The immigrants were thrown into virtual the Justice Department decided to use it for "put them all in straitjackets and helicop­ concentration camps and processed at a No rights, no freedom the Cubans. tered them late at night down to a port in snail's pace as authorities claimed to be More than 7,600 Marielitos, as those The Immigration and Naturalization Ser­ Miami and escorted them back in an old weeding out mental patients, spies, and who came over in 1980 are called, are im­ vice announced in October that it was re­ scow with the Atlantic fleet, telling Mr. criminals. prisoned in the United States. Almost half viewing the cases of the imprisoned Cu­ (Fidel) Castro 'We're returning your illegal The big-business media repeats the slan­ of them are people who have already bans with an eye toward releasing entries, and if you take any action it's an der that among the Cubans who came to the served sentences for crimes committed in thousands. This raised the expectations of act of war. '" United States via Marie! were thousands of dangerous criminals and mentally ill people released from Cuban prisons and hospitals. This is the justification U.S. au­ A 'peace-keeping' force won't aid Haiti thorities cite for the wholesale jailing and deportation of Cuban immigrants. Continued from front page murdering peasant demonstrators. decision to take control of the elections. Answering these charges, Castro council turned a blind eye to the violence As the November 29 elections neared explained in 1984 that Cubans "feel too and refused protection for the candidates During the summer, Namphy dissolved . much respect for patients" to do such a and for those organizing the elections. One the Autonomous Confederation of Haitian and the determination of the people to see them through became clear, the pro­ thing. And, he affirmed, "no one guilty of presidential hopeful, Yves Volel, was Workers- one of four union federations Duvalier forces organized a series of vio­ blood crimes left via Mariel." killed in full view of reporters on October in Haiti - and jailed its leaders. It also It's not surprising that there are moved to take control of the upcoming lent attacks designed to force them to be 13. canceled. The assaults on election day pro­ thousands of people in Cuba who are at­ On the day of the elections, witnesses re­ elections from the constitutionally man­ vided Namphy - whose tacit approval, if tracted to the United States, the richest ported that government soldiers joined pro­ dated civilian electoral council. country in the world. Duvalier gunmen in carrying out a series of These acts were met with a massive not direct involvement, had allowed the However, the young people who have murderous assaults that resulted in more wave of strikes and protests demanding the violence to escalate - with the excuse he come over, who have never lived in a than 34 deaths and at least 75 people junta's resignation, beginning in late June needed to call off the elections. capitalist society, are often sorely disap­ seriously wounded. Some of them were and lasting for several weeks. Workers also The danger now is that the U.S. govern­ pointed. They find that not only aren't the hacked to death with machetes. Voting sta­ demanded.a series of elementary economic ment - which showed little concern for streets of Miami paved with gold, but that tions, churches, and radio stations were at­ measures - such as reopening all factories the democratic aspirations of the Haitian medical care and education cost money; tacked with submachine guns, hand gre­ and raising the minimum wage. people during the 30-year reign of the that jobs and decent housing are scarce; nades, and fires. Radio Soleil, the Catholic Although the army murdered a number Duvalier dynasty - will use these de­ and that racism against people with dark radio station that helped organize protests of protesters, the Haitian people forced the velopments to justify a military interven­ skins who speak Spanish is rampant. against Duvalier and the Namphy regime, government to back down, rescinding its tion, under the guise of supervising demo­ Many people leaving Cuba want to get had its transmitter destroyed. dissolution of the union and reversing its cratic elections. out from under the pressures associated Charging that the electoral council had with being in the front lines of the world, "imperiled the unity of the nation," Nam­ fight for national liberation and socialism. phy called off the elections and disbanded - 10 AND 25 YEARS AGO--­ But 99 percent of Cuba's 10 million the council. The electoral body had been established as a result of a March referen­ dum approving a new constitution for THE· MILITANT Grenadian fighters Haiti. THE Dec. 9, 1977 plan convention Haitian people force elections MILITANT Haiti's government has faced massive On November 28 the racist regime in Published in the Interests of the Wor. ing People Continued from back page popular opposition since assuming power Rhodesia announced that its troops had Dec. 10,1962 Price 10c nada," Rojas said. following Duvalier's ouster. Known by its killed 1 ,200 people in two raids into neigh­ Invitations to the March 13, 1988, Lon­ Creole initials KNG, the National Council boring Mozambique. Recently a short novel was published in don conference on "The Grenada Revolu­ of Government is headed by military offi­ A November 28 dispatch in the London the USSR describing life in a Stalin con­ tion: Beacon of Anti-Imperialist Struggle cers who served Duvalier loyally. Namphy Observer reported on what reporters who centration camp. The past weeks have seen in the Caribbean" have gone out to indi­ and another junta member were top officers went to the site right after one of the a rash of anti-Stalin poems in the Soviet viduals and organizations around the in Duvalier's army. Rhodesian raids saw. According to the Ob­ press such as Yevgeny Yevtushenko's Sta­ world. The invitation is signed by Peter The popular uprising that forced server, "most of the victims whose bodies lin's Heirs. David for the New Jewel Movement Sup­ Duvalier from power also· pressured the could be seen at the camp were women and A further stage in the thaw in Soviet arts, port Group of the United Kingdom, Rojas new government to take measures distanc­ children . .. . which has been going on more or less said. ing itself from some of the most hated fea­ "At the camp the reporters visited, a steadily since Stalin's death, seemed to According to Rojas, Peter David was tures of the Duvalier regime. These in­ mass grave had been bulldozed for the have been reached. Abstract painters, 12- head of Radio Free Grenada during the last cluded formally dissolving the Tontons bodies of 20 girls appareptly between the tone composers, avant-garde literary year of the revolution. In October 1983, Macoutes, allowing the drafting of a new ages of 10 and 14. They had reportedly stylists - most of them young people - Rojas said, David supervised Coard's constitution, and scheduling elections. The been sitting in their classroom when the began taking their works out into public . propaganda attempting to justify the mur­ elections were to begin the tran~ition to a Rhodesians attacked. view. derous coup by spreading lies and slanders civilian government, starting with the elec­ Carter's administration reacted mildly to Then suddenly last week the news from against Maurice Bishop. . tion of a new president. the slaughter, expressing concern over the Moscow told of Premier Nikita Khru­ The aim of Coard's supporters in calling Workers, peasants, students, and wom­ challenge to Mozambique's "territorial in­ shchev's boorish attack on some works of the London gathering, Rojas said, is "to en began organizing, taking advantage of tegrity." abstract art currently on exhibition there seek international recognition and hope­ the openings won by forcing Duvalier from Twelve hundred people massacred, and and Pravda printed an editorial denouncing fully exonerate themselves in the the eyes power. At every stage, however, they have Washington expresses "concern"! Real in­ avant-garde cultural trends, following of revolutionists around the world. had to battle the Namphy government, dignation from the hypocrite in the White through with two articles on the same "I'm convinced they will fail to achieve which has allowed pro-Duvalier elements House is reserved for issues such as the theme and a cartoon of a donkey splashing those objectives." to continue acting with impunity, including Cuban aid program in Africa. paint on a canvas with its tail.

December 11 , 1987 The Militant 13 -EDITORIAlS------Ruling .rich see Imperialist wars on the rise honteless as pests, "America today is at peace," asserted President Ronald colonized by Paris. not huntan beings Reagan in his November 28 weekly radio address. But In New Caledonia, a 10,000-strong French police and nothing could be further from the truth. army presence is used to brutally suppress and intimidate BY DOUG JENNESS Washington and its allies are, in fact, increasing their the native Kanak people. A few weeks ago Joyce Brown was picked up by city use of military force against the peoples of Asia, Africa, And in October, hundreds of French troops were sent authorities in New York on a sidewalk in front of a hot­ and Latin America. And as the international economic to Tahiti after French riot police attacked striking water­ air vent that had been her home for nearly a year. She was and social crisis of the capitalist system worsens, this side workers. taken from the posh upper east side area of Manhattan to trend will deepen. • In El Salvador, where a civil war rages, Washington the psychiatric ward of Bellevue Hospital. Reagan's statement came in the wake of the November has provided the government·$3 billion in the past seven Brown went to court to fight for her release on the 24 announcement by the U.S. and Soviet governments years, along with military training and U.S. military per­ grounds that she is not mentally ill, and a state judge that they have agreed on a bilateral treaty banning sonnel. ruled in her favor. But the city has appealed, and she re­ medium- and shorter-range nuclear missiles. U.S. money goes into massive bombing of the civilian mains confined in the hospital. Any steps by Washington and Moscow to limit the populations in rebel-controlled areas, Brown was the first homeless person to be removed production, deployment, and testing of nuclear weapons from the streets under Mayor Edward Koch's recent dic­ • Washington has raised the idea of military interven­ tate that homeless people deemed to be mentally ill - will, of course, be welcomed by working people every­ tion into Haiti under the guise of a "peace-keeping" force should be rounded up. where. with other governments in the region. Such a mission, far But these negotiations over nuclear weapons are occur­ Brown's case highlights the extent to which the from safeguarding peace and democracy, would be de­ number of homeless people is mounting and becoming ring in the context of a world where imperialist wars - signed to repress and intimidate the only social forces not peace - are more and more the order of the day. that really can bring peace and social justice to Haiti - • South Africa occupies pride of place in im­ the workers and peasants. perialism's aggression, engaging in direct military as­ saults that would be politically difficult for Washington The place where Washington has suffered a serious LEARNING ABOUT or other imperialist powers to get away with. setback to its military drive is in Nicaragua. In sub-Saharan Africa, the South African government The Nicaraguan workers and farmers, under the SOCIALISM is carrying out one of the bloodiest invasions to date in its leadership of the Sandinista National Liberation Front, 12-year-old war against Angola. have been able to decisively defeat the U.S.-run contras in the battlefield. This is what led to the Guatemala ac­ more visible in cities across the country, including in And for the first time, the South African regime has many small towns in rural areas. opeQly admitted that it is involved in this war on the side cords. But the contra war has not ended. In fact, the Reagan None of the statistics takers seem to know exactly how of the antigovernment armed bands known as the Na­ many homeless there are; some federal government esti­ tional Union for the Total Independence of Angola administration is asking Congress for $30 million more for the terrorist contra bands that have murdered, tor­ mates the figure as high as 2 million. (UNITA). But one thing is certain, the number has reached the Washington has backed South African aggression tured, raped, and kidnapped thousands of Nicaraguans in the past six years. point where the homeless can't be hidden from public against Angola ever since the country won its freedom view. And it's the appearance of homeless and pan­ Even as the contra war falters, however, Washington from Portuguese colonialism in 1975. handlers in the better-off neighborhoods and in many is carrying out a sustained campaign, day in and day out, • The neighboring .country of Mozambique is also public places that is annoying the wealthy. They see the targeting Nicaragua as the cause of war in the region and under an unrelenting siege from the right-wing bands of men, women, and children without homes, sleeping in demanding it make the maximum amount of political the Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo). A crea­ the doorways, parks, and sidewalks in their part of town concessions to prove that it is really complying with the ture of the South African government, Renamo has as a nuisance. They want to be free from the unseemly Guatemala accords. helped devastate undeveloped Mozambique. In the past sight and smells of the homeless. It irritates their snob­ And Washington has put pressure on its imperialist al­ six weeks alone, 373 people have been killed in attacks bish sensibilities. lies to put the squeeze on Nicaragua as well. West Ger­ by Renamo. As a recent New York Times headline put it, "A First many, France, Britain, Italy, and the Netherlands have • Since early 1986, French troops have been stationed Look at Homeless is Raw Sight for Tourists." The article all suspended or sharply reduced bilateral economic aid in the former colony of Chad, fighting against Libyan­ complained that as visitors, many of them from New to Managua. supported rebel forces. At the beginning of this year, York City's suburbs," march through Grand Central Ter­ What this all adds up to is an uneven but steady esca­ they were joined by U.S. military personnel, and Wash­ minal or the Port Authority bus station, headed for lation by the imperialist ruling classes to settle its prob­ ington kicked in $15 million in emergency military aid. Macy's, the South Street Seaport or a Broadway On November 5 the White House announced it had lems by force of arms. matinee" they must "pass the homeless men numbed by agreed to supply the Chadian regime with hand-held While Washington's defeat in the war in Indochina in Thunderbird who snore under newsprint blankets and the Stinger antiaircraft missiles. 197 5 underlined the weakening of imperialism, the U.S. ragged women .... " • In the Persian Gulf, Washington has assembled the ruling class is fighting to reestablish its ability to use its Recently, the Times reporter grumbles, "transportation troops abroad. And it has made headway. largest armada since World War II. Dozens of U.S. war­ hubs have become unofficial barracks for the homeless." ships and 15,000 military personnel patrol the area. To Many of these wars, which were once covert CIA op­ The wealthy are pressuring government officials to get date, there have been six incidents of armed clashes be­ erations, are now openly backed and publicly justified by Washington and its allies. this annoyance out of their communities, and out of their tween U.S. and Iranian forces. sight. Washington has been able to get the backing of its al­ And they carry a real danger of escalation, like the massive U.S. military commitment in the Persian Gulf. Koch's order to pick up the "mentally ill" is a pretext lies in West Germany, Britain, Italy, France, Belgium, to help accomplish that. The Democratic Party liberals support this gunboat and the Netherlands for its war on the Iranian people. Some cities are trying other methods. In Seattle, a new The recent decision of the Arab League to condemn diplomacy- in some cases with criticism. And despite universal verbal opposition to apartheid in South.Africa, city ordinance against "aggressive" panhandling has just Iran and to back Iraq in the Iran-Iraq war has given Wash­ gone into effect. ington a boost in its imperial aggression in the region. the international silence in the face of South Africa's in­ vasion of Angola and the Angolan government's call ·for Last year in Santa Barbara, California, a ban on sleep­ • In Afghanistan, Washington has given well over a 'ing in public places was dropped only after big protests. solidarity is ominous. . billion dollars to the reactionary armed bands that are In Washington, D.C., a fence was set up to keep the fighting to overturn the Afghani government. there is mounting pressure on those who support the Kanaks in New Caledonia, the African National Con­ homeless from sleeping in the subway stations. London has also supplied ground-to-air missiles to In some cities, homeless persons picked up for being rebel forces in Afghanistan. gress of South Africa, the people of Angola, Mozam­ bique, and Iran, the governments of Cuba and Nicaragua, "mentally ill" are given bus tickets to other cities. • In Kampucbea, a coalition of pro-capitalist groups In scores of cities and towns across the country, shel­ based in Thailand - including the Khmer Rouge, which to retreat, to back off. In the face of that pressure, workers, farmers, and all ters have been set up. These, too, are primarily designed is responsible for the death of millions of Kampucheans to keep the homeless out of the way than provide any -is waging a war against the people of Kampuchea. The supporters of peace and justice in the imperialist coun­ tries must make the fight against intervention a key part serious relief. Besides being totally inadequate to cope money and political support for this war, too, comes with the growing numbers of homeless, the conditions in from Capitol Hill. of their program to defend themselves from the employ­ ing classes' drive toward austerity, war, and totalitarian most of them are abominable. • In the Pacific, French troops are used with impunity In addition to the shelter system, New York City pays rule. to suppress independence struggles by the island peoples rent to the owners of 62 hotels who put up more than 32,000 families. These run-down welfare hotels are notorious for their crowded quarters and dangerous health and safety conditions. The growing number of homeless is part of the grow­ New blow to U.S. anti-Cuba drive ing pauperization of millions of working people - in the cities and the countryside. While the economic upturn of In a serious blow to Washington's never-ending effort revolution, whichovefthrew the U.S.-backed dictator­ the past few years has meant prosperity for the employers to isolate Cuba and read it out of Latin America, .the re­ ship of Fulgencio Batista and started the process of build­ and many professional people, as well as upper layers of cent meeting of presidents of eight Latin American coun­ ing a socialist society, prioritizing the needs of Cuba's the working class, conditions have been devastating for tries agreed that Cuba should be invited to rejoin regional workers and peasants. the unemployed, those driven off their farms, and the organizations from which it was expelled in the 1960s. Washington feared that other Latin American peoples, lower-paid sections of the population. This has been "There is a consensus among the presidents that we inspired by revolutionary Cuba's accomplishments, paralleled by an attack on unemployment benefits, job ought to struggle for the total integration of Cuba into the might also rise up against imperialist domination. So the training, food stamps, and other transfers of funds and inter-American system," said Jose Sarney, president of U.S. rulers have sought to make Cuba a pariah in the aid to those in need. Brazil. hemisphere, claiming it isn't really a Latin American The credo of the government increasingly is that the The other countries represented at the conference country but rather a member of the "Soviet bloc." poor have the right to exist - but not as human beings. were: Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Mexico was the only Latin American country that Rather, they are seen as pests to be kept in check. Uruguay, and Venezuela. It was the first Latin American maintained normal diplomatic and commercial ties with This situation is reminiscent of the Poor Laws adopted summit meeting ever held without U.S. government par­ Havana. in Britain in the last century that abolished all relief in ticipation. But in recent years, many other countries in the region money and provisions. The only aid allowed was admis­ Sarney also said that Cuba's presence in such regional have moved to restore diplomatic and trade relations with sion to workhouses, where the conditions were genuinely organizations was "indispensable" to their normal func­ the Cuban government. barbaric. tioning. The presidents' meeting, which was held in Acapulco, As the social crisis deepens in this country, we can see Cuba was expelled from the Organization of American Mexico, was called to discuss the enormous foreign debt that more and more this is the stance of the ruling rich. States in 1962 following pressure by Washington on the burden facing Latin America and the wars raging in Cen­ other countries in the hemisphere. Cuba is also not a tral America. Cuba's president, Fidel Castro, has been member of the Inter-American Development Bank and the leading voice internationally of the fight to cancel the Latin American Association for Development and In­ Latin America's debt and forge a new, equitable world tegration. economic order, as well as of the struggle against U.S. The U.S. government is a bitter f~ of the 1959 Cuban intervention in Nicaragua and El Salvador.

14 The Militant DeCember 11, 1987 Chicago teachers' union strike ends. in standoff

BY BRENDA BRDAR The schools were closed by the strike and only 1 to 2 the street, voiced their support for Chi<;ago teacher pay The record-long, 19-day strike of the Chicago Teach­ percent of teachers crossed the picket lines to report to raises, and explained their reasons. ers Union ended in a standoff on October 5. "work" at district offices. Attempts by the board to turn The fact that the teachers went back to work as a solid The union had been up against all the local gov­ parents against the teachers met with very limited suc­ unit, after putting up a fight and winning some small con­ ernmental bodies. This included the Illinois state legisla­ cess. cessions, shows that the local powers-that-be were not ture; the Chicago Board of Education; the office of the As the days dragged on, the Board of Education hoped successful in beating back the union, or defeating it. now deceased Democratic mayor, ·Harold Washington; that the strike would lose support from teachers. Instead, While this round in the fight for decent education is and the aldermanic (city) council. Moreover, Jesse parent mobilizations and pressure on the board increased. over, the fundamental issues in the strike were not re­ Although most of these demonstrations did not raise clear solved. Questions such as how public education, includ­ demands in support of the teachers-"open the schools" ing ·teachers' salaries, should be paid for, and how the was often demanded - their targets were the Board of quality of education can be improved significantly, were UNION TALK Education, the mayor's office, and the state of Illinois not really addressed, let alone solved. building, not the teachers' union. It will take other battles and the development of a mas­ Jackson's organization, Operation PUSH, did not sup­ The board was finally forced to propose a pay raise of sive social struggle to answer such questions. port the teachers. 4 percent the first year, 4 percent the second year (this is The strike w.as a test for the union; and a probe by the But one demand pushed by the teachers' union and fre­ contingent upon more funds being allocated next year), quently seen on picket signs - "Chop the top" -points local ruling bodies to see wb.at they could get away with and a small reduction in some class sizes. The board in weakening the union. in the wrong direction. "Chop the top" refers to cuttihg maintained, however, that the pay raise could only come personnel who do not directly work with the students, as The stage for this struggle was set last spring, when from teacher layoffs. The Chicago Teachers Union held the state legislature refused to allocate the funds neces­ well as some programs. While there is, no doubt, waste the position that the funds for pay raises could come from at the top (as is the case with most other institutions in sary to grant teachers and other school employees a small other sources in the school budget. pay raise. capitalist society), this demand serves to divide the pub­ The strike began when the Board of Education insisted Teacher confidence and dissatisfaction with this settle­ lic education work force, and pit worker against worker. ment was voiced through a large no-vote on the contract. that no money was available for pay increases. In fact, a Most importantly, this demand accepts the idea of cuts 2 percent cut in pay was proposed, based on cutting three After having been out for 19 days, many felt that not enough was won, and that the lay-off threat was too real. in the first place. The teachers' union was advocating days from the school year. "chopping the top" to pay for teachers' raises. So the The union's original detnands were for a 10 percent in­ Nine thousand of the 22,000 teachers who voted, framework of fighting over a limited "pie" was accepted. crease the first year, 5 percent the second year, and a re­ voted against the contract. And this took place two weeks Instead, the union should have demanded: "No cuts in duction in class size. after teachers returned to work. the education budget. More funds are needed, not less!" The strike involved 29,000 teachers and 13,000 other Due to continued pressure on the board following the Placing the struggle in this broader context will be nec­ school employees. It affected approximately 400,000 strike, its original threat to lay teachers off and shut down essary to develop a winning strategy for the upcoming students and their families. The fa:ct that the other school the magnet schools was dropped. · battle~ to improve education... . , , • employee unions stuck with the teachers· was significant. Judging by a local televised news speak~out, the Tqis has not alway~ ,be(!n t~e case 'in past 'teach~rs~ teachers ·continue to have the support of most working B~enda Brdar is a member of the Chicago Teachers strikes. · ' ' · · ·· · ' · · " · · people i!l Chicago. Six of seven persons interviewed on Union, American Federa(ion of.T~achers, Locall. ···, . . ... , · .. ~ -LETTERs~·----~~------~~

Canadian paperworkers and promoted .by AIPAC culmi~ Public rec!lgmt10n o( Nikolai I've been especially interested nated in anti-terrorism bills- i.e. Bukharin in the Soviet Union is in your coverage of the paper in­ anti-PLO bills, .introduced in both closely related to Gorbachev's dustry strikes. I'm in the Canadian houses of Congress. reexamination of this period of Paperworkers Union here, work­ While the sponsors claim that history when bureaucratic policy ing at Island Paper Mills. - this legislation will combat terror­ took the first workers' state to the We face similar demands when ism, to date there have been no alle­ edge of an abyss. Bukharin op­ our collective agreement expires gations of criminal activity by any posed collectivization, although in six months. So far, no pulp and staff member in the PLO offices. not from a Leninist point of view. paper ernployer here in British And, according to the U.S. State Gorbachev extends no compar­ Columbia has tried to run· with and Justice departments, the PLO able recognition to Trotsky. The scabs. However, a new mill is is a duly registered entity under point is not one's preferred attach­ being built in Prince Albert, Sas­ the Foreign Agents Registration ment to this or that historical fig­ katchewan, by none other than the Act, complying with all relevant ure, but rather~· politics, and what same construction company scab­ U.S. laws. Therefore, the PLO is such lack of recognition indicates bing the strikers there. entitled to the right of individual, about the policy of the Soviet Bill Burgess organizational, and institutional Union. Restoring Trotsky to Vancouver, Canada political expression. The First Soviet history . could only be Amendment guarantees this right. accompanied by recognition of However, this pending legisla- another departure from Leninist Depression cake tion, now cleverly disguised as a policy, specifically, from inter­ Recent boxes of Sun-Maid rai- Senate amendment to the State nationalism. sins have featured a recipe under Department authorization bill and DougHord the heading "A Taste of the Past." touted as the Anti-Terrorism Act Morgantown, West Virginia The recipe is for Great Depression of 1987, is legislation that'would · cake. The introduction . reads, ultimately negate PLO participa­ Gays in the military "Take away the milk, the eggs, tiqn in .the Middle East 'peace · At the prese~t time I am. in the and the bu~er, and what do you t<~-lks. process of completing a project have left? kgrea(tasting cake that . Kenneth. Crouch . : disc(jmlnation against became . ~puhir . after th~ , st9ck · Dec'atur, lllinpis. · co~cerning market cra_sn,.O.f 1?29." . '· . : gays in the military. . . Past is prolpgue? · · Can;t ·do ~ithout As a U.S, Anny Reserve cap- A reader . · · · tain awaiting my own o~ster .from Stamford, Connecticut . This is my third renewal of the:. the . system . because . of . .&exual Militant. I wouldn ~ t be without it. · orientatiqn,.-I know that the issue . Recent.. coverage ;of . :C~ba , . of eliminating gOod personnel be­ Tibet China, and the. Soviet Union has cause of gayness is totally archaic M~YSl Could you write an article on been excellent. As usual, the Mili- in this day and age. My project \\liN~~'{ Tibet? I heard foreign correspon­ tant perspective is ctear, open- hopes to expose and describe this t.\OLt~ ~ILL dents were expelled and no word minded, and accurate. emotional and mental trauma. StVl~ AU. since. I would appreciate your anal­ G.F , . ::.. Lam seeking .iildividualsfora Nt ~ooT~ · ysis ofthe Tibet-China relationship Billerica, Massachusetts ._:_: mariuscript'C.Oneeming gay experi- .· . Of l~IS and current happenings. My im­ ences while in the military and 1Rtt. pression is that it was a colonialist need veterans from pre-World takeover in the 1950s and not Gorbach'ev's ·speech Significantly, Mikhail Gorba­ War II to present- aii branches, popular with the Tibetan masses. all ranks ~ · who have been in­ chev's November 2 speech admits Gail McDonald volved in "homosexual ·purges," that a departure from V.I. Lenin's Salt Lake City; Utah been otherwise investigated for policy toward ..the peasantry oc­ sexual orientation, or have re­ curred . wheri tbe worker-peasant Editor replies: · ceived a less than honorable dis­ alliance was (Uptured in the late In the October 23 issue of the Mil­ charge. Present active members or J 920s by forced .collectivization. itant we carried an article entitled those· who completed service "Behind Tibet independence pro­ Writing in tbe mid-1930s, Leon under honorable conditions may tests." . Trotsky noted that the great dan­ also respond. Strict confidentiality gers this. adventurous policy had will be maintained. lf interested, p()sed to the workers' republic. "In write to: Manuscript Subject, P.O. those years ofeconomic chaos and PLO offices Box 2370, Portland, Ore. 97208. civil war in the.villag e," he wrote, Mary Ann Humphrey At its annual policy conference "the Soviet Union was essentially Portland, Oregon in May 1987, the powerful Zionist paralyzed in the face of a foreign lobby, American Israel Public Af­ enemy. The discontent of the The letters column is an open fairs Committee (AIPAC), listed peasantry swept through the army. forum for all viewpoints on sub­ the closing of the Palestine Infor­ Mistrust and vacillation demora­ jects of general interest to our mation Office in Washington, lized the bureaucratic machine, readers. Please keep your letters D.C., and the UN office in New and the commanding cadres. A brief. Where necessary they will York as its top priority. Con­ blow either from the East or West be abridged. Please indicate if sequently, legislation drafted by at that period might have had fatal you prefer that your initials be the American Jewish Congress consequences." used rather than your full name. Toles

December 11, 1987 The Militant IS THEMJLITANT Caribbean anti-imperialist groups meet Oppose scheme to 'unify' region under Washington's thumb

BY STEVE CLARK .,. The SL Vincent declaration insists "that A conference of 10 anti-imperialist po­ Bermuda the People's Agenda must contain de­ litical organizations in the Caribbean has mands for the implementation of economic declared "its commitment to Caribbean un­ policies that emphasize full employment, ification and confidence in the ability of the self- reliance, and developmental strategies Caribbean peoples to determine the future ATLANTIC OCEAN based on the satisfaction of fundamental of the region." human needs." ~) The conference, held November 20-22 The declaration raises "the demand for in Kingstown, St. Vincent, was a gathering the demilitarization of the region, for the of member organizations from English­ ,1. :.h~a\ t 'Islands recognition of the Caribbean as a zone of speaking countries in the Anti-Imperialist ,,~ - peace and independence." It calls for "re­ Organizations of the Caribbean and Central ., - spect for human rights and the principle of America. Participating organizations in­ J ··' ideological pluralism, for the deepening of cluded the Dominica Labour Party; Feb­ democracy, both representative and par­ ruary 18 Movement of Trinidad and To­ V Irgin Puert o I slands ticipatory, and for the defense of our re­ bago; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement ~ ';J S..,t!Br. ~n g uilt a • ,._,... •St. Maarten gion's sovereignty and independence." 11 •Barbuda of Grenada; Movement for National Unity S t. Kitts.'\ tAntigua Nevis •Montserr at of St. Vincent; People's Progressive Party 'f';Guade loupe The foreign policy of a Caribbean state of Guyana; United People's Movement of Dominica\ must stand "on the principles of nonalign­ 'Martinique ment, self-determination, and non-interfer­ St. Vincent; Workers Party of Jamaica; and CARIBBEAN SEA Working People's Alliance of Guyana. St. Lutia f Bar bad os ence in the affairs of sovereign nations." St. V incen t f ' Participants also came from the Socialist The St. Vincent conference also adopted Bloc of the Dominican Republic and resolutions demanding independence for Puerto Rican Socialist Party, which are Puerto Rico; supporting the Central Amer­ members of the Coordinating Committee ica peace accords; and expressing solidar­ of the Anti- Imperialist Organizations. ity with the Haitian people. The meeting was called to discuss the proposal for a unified Eastern Caribbean The November 20-22 gathering in St. state initiated by several leaders of proim­ Vincent received newspaper and radio perialist governments and parties in the re­ coverage throughout the English-speaking gion. [Jose] Martf, [Walter] Rodney, and consideration by the people before any re­ Caribbean. It was the first subregional [Maurice] Bishop." ferendum or other device is initiated for gathering sponsored by the Anti-Im­ Public meeting opens event "Like these genuine representatives of soliciting popular support." - perialist Organizations of the Caribbean The St. Vincent gathering opened the Caribbean masses," the declaration To facilitate such mass involvement, the and Central America since its founding in November 20 with a public meeting, at­ continues, "the conference recognized that conference called for "broad-based, non­ Havana, Cuba, in June 1984. tended by more than 100 people. Rafael the real impulse for unity has always come governmental committees in each country The Anti-Imperialist Organizations to­ (Fafa) Taveras, president of the Anti-Im­ from the Caribbean peoples" and their ef­ of the OECS .. . to discuss, debate, define, day encompasses some 37 political parties perialist Organizations of the Caribbean forts to transcend "all the barriers imposed and struggle for a People's Agenda." and movements, of diverse political out­ and Central America, was the first speaker. by colonialism." looks, from 22-countries in the English-, Taveras is a leader of the Socialist Bloc of The OECS leaders' proposal, to the con­ People's Agenda French-, Spanish-, Dutch-, and Creole­ the Dominican Republic. trary, "is unworthy of the support of the Caribbean political unity, the declara­ speaking Caribbean and Central America. Don Rojas, who represents Grenada's people of the Eastern Caribbean," says the tion states, "will be useless if it cannot con­ The success of the St. Vincent meeting Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement on the declaration. "This initiative is singularly front misery and despair, hopelessness, gives "a new impetus to the anti-imperialist Coordinating Committee of the Anti-Im­ innocent of anything to do with the people alienation, oppression, and exploitation" in movement in the English- speaking Carib­ perialist Organizations, gave the keynote of the OECS." the Caribbean. Instead, such unity must bean," according to conference participant speech. Other delegates presented greet- This "vague and inadequate" proposal "promote social and economic justice, Don Rojas. ings. . rejects involvement by the Caribbean guarantee human rights, democracy, cul­ "And it gives a new importance to the The delegates' discussion of Caribbean people, the declaration states. It "must now tural and intellectual sovereignty, and a Anti-Imperialist Organizations of the unity opened November 21 with presenta­ be followed by the publication of an offi­ better quality of life for the Caribbean Caribbean and Central America in this re­ tions from James Millette of the February cial document, dealing in specifics, · for people." gion," Rojas said. 18 Movement of Trinidad and Tobago; Oscar Allen of the United People's Move­ ment of St. Vincent; and Michael Douglas, a leader of the Dominica Labour Party. The recent debate on Caribbean political Grenadian fighters plan convention unification was sparked last summer by proposals at the annual conference of the BY STEVE CLARK trafficking have returned to Grenada on a Maurice Bishop Youth Organization laun­ Organization of Eastern Caribbean States HAVANA, Cuba - "We are planning large scale. Grenada's sovereignty and for­ ched in the second half of 1987. (OECS), which embraces seven smaller the biggest political event in the life of the eign policy, according to Marryshow, have As a result of this work, Marryshow English-speaking islands: Antigua, Domi­ Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement given way once more "to domination by said, the MBPM held its most successful nica, Grenada, Monserrat, St. Kitts, St. [MBPM] since its founding in 1984," said Washington, London, and Toronto." public event ever this October 19 to mark Lucia, and St. Vincent. This discussion Terry Marryshow in an interview here in No alternative to this political course, the accomplishments of the Grenada revo­ spread rapidly to the four larger English­ early November. Marryshow said, is offered by the ruling lution and the anniversary of the assassina­ speaking Caribbean nations of Barbados, MBPM leader Marryshow was referring NNP or by the two parliamentary opposi­ tion of Maurice Bishop four years ago. Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and To­ to the party's first convention, tentatively tion parties, the New Democratic Council According to Marryshow, some 3,000 bago, which together with the OECS coun­ scheduled for mid-March 1988, nine years of George Brizan and Francis Alexis and people attended the event in the town of tries make up the Caribbean Community after the triumph of the Grenada revolu­ the Grenada United Labour Party of former Victoria in St. Mark's Parish. The gather­ (Caricom). tion. The convention was called by a dictator Eric Gairy. ing featured cultural and sporting events, Opponents of the OECS leaders' scheme November 1 meeting of the MBPM's Na­ "All three are right-wing, pro-im­ as well as speeches by MBPM and MBYO point out that far from strengthening Carib­ tional Representative Council. perialist, anti-progressive parties," accord­ leaders Kendrick Radix, Einstein Louison, bean unity and sovereignty, it would actu­ Since the destruction of the revolution ing to Marryshow. "They represent the in­ and Marry show. ally reinforce domination of the region by and U.S. invasion of Grenada in October terests of a few big businessmen, not the The MBPM event, Marryshow said, was U.S., British, and Canadian imperialism. 1983, Marry show said, democratic and majority of Grenada's working people. much larger than the October activities Local Caribbean ruling families and pol­ trade union rights have been under constant Only the MBPM points to an alternative to sponsored by the NNP and New Democrat­ iticians hope to get a few more crumbs attack, and economic and social conditions put Grenada back onto a firm revolutionary ic Council this year. from imperialist superprofits, and share of the population have greatly deteriorated. and anti-imperialist path." Washington's interest in a regional army The U.S.-installed New National Party The MBPM advocates an end to U.S. Don Rojas, the MBPM's Havana repre­ strong enough to help crush strikes, pro­ (NNP) regime of Herbert Blaize has dis­ domination and the establishment of a gov­ sentative, interviewed here along ·with tests, and rebellions by working people. mantled the economic development pro­ ernment that will restore the policies and Marryshow, pointed out that a March 1988 jects and the educational and health-care programs carried out by the Grenadian gathering has also been called by support­ Unification for who? programs of the revolutionary government people under the leadership of Maurice ers of former deputy prime minister Ber­ The declaration coming out of the St. of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, he said. Bishop. nard Coard, who organized the overthrow Vincent meeting stresses that the par­ According to Marryshow, the current re­ These are among the questions that Mar­ of the People's Revolutionary Government ticipating organizations are "dedicated to gime is planning some 2,000 layoffs of ryshow said would be discussed at the and assassination of Bishop and other the unity of the peoples" not only of the civil servants this year. Overall unemploy­ March 1988 MBPM convention. It will be popular leaders in October 1983. Rojas English-speaking Caribbean, but also "of ment, he said, has shot back up to 40 per­ a "broad, open, and democratic forum," he was Bishop's press secretary at the time. the wider Caribbean as a whole." cent from its level of under 15 percent dur­ said, and will give MBPM members the The gathering called by Coard' s sup­ The historical origins of this goal, it ing the last year of the revolution. opportunity to elect the leadership commit­ porters, Rojas pointed out, is scheduled for states, "can be traced ... to progressive re­ Police brutality has become com­ tees and bodies of the party. London, not Grenada. "Unlike the MBPM, gionalists, Caribbean nationalists, and monplace, and the NNP regime is planning According to Marryshow, the gathering Coard's supporters have not dared to or­ anti-imperialists such as [T.A.] Mar­ to restore a standing army, Marryshow will register the gains of the reorganization ganize a single public event inside Gre- ryshow, [Marcus] Garvey, [Uriah] Butler, said. In addition, prostitution and drug and membership drive that the MBPM and Continued on Page 13

16 The Militant December 11, 1987