Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System
ANNUAL REPORT
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Ministry of Interior Ministry of Health Ministry of Public Works Handicap International Belgium and Transport
Notice: This report may be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced or translated in part or in whole, but not for the purposes of sale. Website: www.roadsafetycambodia.info
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... i List of Figures ...... iii Abbreviations ...... iv Foreword ...... v Note from the Ministry of Public Work and Transport and National Road Safety Committee ...... v Note from the Minister of Health ...... vi Note from the Ministry of Interior ...... vii Note from World Health Organization ...... viii Note from Handicap International Belgium ...... ix Executive Summary ...... x Key figures ...... x Recommendations ...... xii I. Introduction ...... 1 II. Data Source ...... 2 III. Main evolution of data ...... 3 IV. General Figures ...... 6 IV.1 Regional and National Comparisons ...... 6 IV.2 Victim Information ...... 7 IV.2.1 Age ...... 8 IV.2.2 Gender ...... 9 IV.2.3 Occupation ...... 10 IV.2.4 Type of road user ...... 11 IV.2.5 Transfer to hospital ...... 12 IV.2.6 Severity of injuries ...... 13 IV.2.7 Nature of injuries ...... 14 IV.2.8 Seatbelt ...... 14 IV.3 Crash information ...... 15 IV.3.1 Hit and Run ...... 15 IV.3.2 Type of collision ...... 15 IV.3.3 Type of road ...... 17 IV.3.4 Characteristic of road ...... 18 IV.3.5 Urban/rural area ...... 19 IV.4 Vehicle involved Information ...... 19 IV.4.1 Type of vehicle involved...... 19 IV.4.2 Manoeuvre of vehicle ...... 20 IV.4.3 Characteristics of vehicle ...... 20 IV.5 Causes of crashes ...... 21 V. Motorbike riders and helmet wearing ...... 23 VI. Speed related ...... 29 VII. Drunk Driving ...... 34 VIII. Pedestrians ...... 39 IX. Blackspot ...... 44 IX.1 Phnom Penh ...... 44 IX.2 Kampong Cham...... 44 IX.3 Kandal ...... 46 IX.4 Siem Reap ...... 48 Tables ...... 49 1. Evolution of data during the years ...... 49 2. Trend of population, registered vehicles, and fatalities by years ...... 51 3. Number of fatalities by national roads and years ...... 51 4. Number of fatalities per kilometre by national roads and years ...... 51 5. Number of fatalities in the whole country by month category and years ...... 52 6. Number of fatalities in Phnom Penh by month category and years...... 52 7. Number of fatalities in Phnom Penh by district and years...... 52 8. Number of fatalities by age category and years...... 53 9. Number of fatalities by type of transportation and years ...... 53 10. Number of casualties by time category and severity of injury - 2009 ...... 54 i
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
11. Number of fatalities by time and month category - 2009 ...... 55 12. Number of fatalities by time category and type of transportation - 2009 ...... 56 13. Number of casualties by month category and severity of injury - 2009 ...... 56 14. Number of casualties by type of transportation, severity of injury and age category - 2009 ...... 57 15. Number of fatalities by type of transportation, gender and age category - 2009 ...... 58 16. Number of fatalities by type of transportation, road user and age category - 2009 ...... 59 17. Number of casualties by type of transportation, gender and severity of injury - 2009 ...... 60 18. Number of casualties by type of transportation, severity of injury and month category - 2009 ...... 61 19. Number of casualties by occupation, severity of injury and month category - 2009 ...... 62 20. Number of casualties by occupation, severity of injury and age category - 2009 ...... 63 21. Number of casualties by occupation, type of road user and age category - 2009 ...... 64 22. Number of casualties by occupation, severity of injury and type of transportation - 2009 ...... 65 23. Number of casualties by occupation, type of road user and severity of injury - 2009 ...... 66 24. Number of casualties by province and severity of injury - 2009 ...... 67 25. Number of fatalities by province and month category - 2009 ...... 68 26. Number of fatalities by province and age category - 2009 ...... 69 27. Number of fatalities by province and type of transportation - 2009 ...... 70 28. Number of fatalities by province and human error - 2009 ...... 71 29. Number of fatalities by province and years 2006-2009 ...... 72 30. Data collection forms ...... 73 31. Feedback form ...... 76 Glossary ...... 77 References ...... 80 Contacts ...... 81
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
List of Figures
Figure 1: RCVIS data collection flow in 2009 ...... 1 Figure 2: Percentage of injured and fatalities reported to RCVIS by traffic police and health facilities – 2009 ...... 2 Figure 3: Number of health centers, hospitals and district traffic police reported to RCVIS by provinces ...... 2 Figure 4: Evolution of road fatalities, population and vehicles in Cambodia, 1998 – 2009 (base 100 = 1998) ...... 3 Figure 5: Fatality rates in Cambodia 1998 – 2009 and its target for 2010 and 2020 ( 1) ...... 3 Figure 6: Fatality rates per 10,000 registered two-wheeler and four-wheeler ( 2), 2007–2009 ...... 4 Figure 7: Number of fatalities on main national road network, 2007–2009 ...... 4 Figure 8: The evolution of the numbers of fatalities by main holidays, 2007–2009 ...... 5 Figure 9 The evolution of the numbers of fatalities by month, 2007 – 2009 ...... 5 Figure 10: Fatality rates – comparisons between selected countries in Asia – 2009 ...... 6 Figure 11: Number of fatalities by province – 2009 ...... 6 Figure 12: Number of fatalities by district in Phnom Penh, 2007–2009 ...... 7 Figure 13: Breakdown of casualties by severity of injury, 2006–2009 ...... 7 Figure 14: Breakdown of road crash cost by severity of injury in 2009 ...... 7 Figure 15: Breakdown of fatalities by age category, 2007– 2009 ...... 8 Figure 16: Age pyramid of fatalities by daytime and nighttime – 2009 ...... 8 Figure 17: Percentage injured and fatalities aged between 0-14 by type of transport – 2009 ...... 9 Figure 18: Number of fatalities by gender – different age categories – 2009 ...... 9 Figure 19: Percentage of casualties by gender caused by human error – 2009 ...... 10 Figure 20: Percentage of injured and fatalities by occupation – 2009 ...... 10 Figure 21: Number of fatalities by type of transportation, 2007– 2009 ...... 11 Figure 22: Percentage of casualties by road user type and severity of injury – 2009 ...... 11 Figure 23: Percentage of casualties by type of transport for different age categories – 2009 ...... 12 Figure 24: Duration to arrive at the hospital in Phnom Penh versus provinces – 2009 ...... 12 Figure 25: Percentage of casualties by severity of injury – 2009 ...... 13 Figure 26: Percentage of casualties by severity of injuries and time category – 2009 ...... 13 Figure 27: Percentage of casualties by category of nature of injuries – 2009 ...... 14 Figure 28: Percentage of 4-wheeler driver casualties wearing seatbelt – 2009 ...... 14 Figure 29: Percentage of 4-wheeler driver using seatbelt by severity of injury – 2009 ...... 15 Figure 30: Percentage of crashes and fatalities resulting from hit and runs, 2007–2009 ...... 15 Figure 31: Percentage of fatalities by type of collisions – 2009 ...... 16 Figure 32: Percentage of crash by type of collision and severity of crash – 2009 ...... 16 Figure 33: Percentage of crash by characteristic of road and type of collision – 2009 ...... 17 Figure 34: Percentage of crash by human error and type of collision – 2009 ...... 17 Figure 35: Percentage of crash by type of road and human error – 2009 ...... 18 Figure 36: Percentage of crash and fatalities by characteristic of road – 2009 ...... 18 Figure 37: Percentage of crash by severity of crash and characteristic of road – 2009 ...... 18 Figure 38: Percentage of crashes in urban and rural areas and types of collision – 2009 ...... 19 Figure 39: Estimated vehicles involved in crashes – 2009...... 19 Figure 40: Percentage of vehicle involved by type of collision – 2009 ...... 20 Figure 41: Percentage of vehicles involved in crash by maneuver of vehicle – 2009 ...... 20 Figure 42: Percentage of vehicles involved by characteristics of vehicle and severity of crash – 2009 ...... 21 Figure 43: Percentage of crash by cause of crashes – 2009 ...... 21 Figure 44: Percentage of crash and fatalities by caused by human error – 2009 ...... 22 Figure 45: Percentage of crashes during day vs. night caused by human error – 2009 ...... 22 Figure 46: Percentage of crashes by severity of crash and caused by human error – 2009 ...... 23 Figure 47: Number of motorbike casualties by year and severity of injury – 2009 ...... 23 Figure 48: Number of motorbike fatalities by day, 2007 – 2009 ...... 23 Figure 49: Number of motorbike driver casualties by age category and severity of injury – 2009 ...... 24 Figure 50: Number of motorbike casualties by province and severity of injury – 2009 ...... 24 Figure 51: Percentage of motorbike fatalities by time category – 2009 ...... 25 Figure 52: Percentage of motorbike fatalities that suffered from head injuries, 2007 – 2009 ...... 25 Figure 53: Percentage of motorcycle casualties by month category and helmet use – 2009 ...... 26 Figure 54: Percentage of motorcycle casualties by helmet use and daytime and nighttime – 2009 ...... 26 Figure 55: Important locations for motorbike crashes and non-helmet wearing in Phnom Penh – 2009 ...... 27 Figure 56: Important locations for motorbike crashes and not wearing helmet in the provinces – 2009 ...... 28 Figure 57: Number of casualties by severity of injury caused by Speed-related, 2006 – 2009 ...... 29 iii
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 58: Percentage of fatality by time caused by Speed-related – 2009...... 29 Figure 59: Number of fatalities by month category caused by Speed-related 2007 – 2009 ...... 29 Figure 60: Percentage of casualties by day of week caused by Speed-related – 2009 ...... 30 Figure 61: Percentage of fatalities by age and type of transportation caused by Speed-related – 2009 ...... 30 Figure 62: Number of casualties by province and severity of injury caused by Speed-related – 2009 ...... 31 Figure 63: “Blackspot” locations of fatalities caused by speed-related in Phnom Penh – 2009 ...... 32 Figure 64: “Blackspot” locations of fatalities caused by speed-related in the provinces – 2009 ...... 33 Figure 65 : Number of casualties by severity of injury caused by drunk driving – 2009 ...... 34 Figure 66: Percentage of fatalities by time caused by drunk driving– 2009 ...... 34 Figure 67: Percentage of casualties by day and night caused by drunk driving– 2009 ...... 34 Figure 68: Percentage of casualties (injured and fatalities) in drunk driving crashes– 2009 ...... 35 Figure 69: Percentage of fatalities by age and type of transportation caused by drunk driving– 2009 ...... 35 Figure 70: Number of casualties by province and severity of injury caused by drunk driving – 2009 ...... 36 Figure 71: Blackspot location of fatalities caused by drunk driving in Phnom Penh – 2009 ...... 37 Figure 72: Blackspot location of fatalities caused by drunk driving in the provinces – 2009 ...... 38 Figure 73: Number of pedestrian casualties by severity of injury, 2006–2009...... 39 Figure 74: Number of pedestrian fatalities by time ...... 39 Figure 75: Number of pedestrian fatalities by month category, 2007–2009...... 39 Figure 76: Percentage of pedestrians injured and fatalities by age category – 2009 ...... 40 Figure 77: Percentage of pedestrian fatalities by age category and location – 2009 ...... 40 Figure 78: Percentage of pedestrians injured and killed by human error – 2009 ...... 41 Figure 79: Number of pedestrian casualties by province and severity of injury – 2009 ...... 41 Figure 80: Blackspot locations for pedestrian casualties in Phnom Penh – 2009 ...... 42 Figure 81: Blackspot locations for pedestrian casualties in the Province – 2009 ...... 43 Figure 82: All blackspot locations in Phnom Penh – 2009 ...... 44 Figure 83: All blackspot locations in Kampong Cham – 2009 ...... 45 Figure 84: All blackspot locations in Kandal – 2009 ...... 47 Figure 85: All blackspot locations in Siem Reap – 2009 ...... 48
Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations Avg Average GPS Global Positioning System HIB Handicap International Belgium MoH Ministry of Health MoI Ministry of Interior NR National Road NRSC National Road Safety Committee RCVIS Road Crash Victim and Information System WHO World Health Organization
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Foreword
Note from the Ministry of Public Work and Transport and National Road Safety Committee
As the national economy keeps growing, the volume of all modes of transports is also increasing every year. The registered vehicles, up to 2009, have reached almost 1,400,000. Since road users have understood limitedly the Road Traffic Law, contributing to the causes of road crashes, road crash fatalities have increased almost double. On average, 05 persons are killed and another 55 injured every day, irrespective of orphans, widows and people with disability left behind. Of which, they have affected the living hood of citizens, and have contributed negative impacts on poverty reduction policy of the Royal Government. Furthermore, road crashes have posed a burden on financial status of the survived members.
To counteract with the current situation, Royal Government of Cambodia and National Road Safety Committee have developed a five-year action plan in phase one 2006-2010 – composed of 15 action points – and in the progress of developing ten-year action plan in phase two 2011-2020. The phase two action plan is particularly differentiated from the phase one because it is associated with Decade of Actions for Road Safety , in which it is a new strategy addressed in the international inter-ministerial meeting hosted in Moscow, Russia, on November 2009 with the aims to prevent road crashes in an effective manner.
In the name of Royal Government and National Road Safety Committee, I would like to appreciate the high efforts and responsibilities of all relevant bodies, authority, non-government organizations and private sector, who are contributing actively in developing the phase two national road safety action plan. We are, through this development, trying with our existing resources to fight against the road crash battle, in which it is occurring alarmingly in Cambodia.
I would like to share the achievements, and highly appreciate the engagement from Handicap International Belgium that has been helping and cooperating with Royal Government of Cambodia and National Road Safety Committee conducting traffic law awareness for road users with the aim to bring about change what is called unruly toward rule and courteous behaviour on roads.
At last, I would like to call upon, particularly, road users to take part in preventing and minimizing road crashes by ever obeying traffic law. Only a possibly vigorous engagement from road users can accomplish road crash prevention to the lowest level, which was stated in goal of ASEAN’s action plan.
Minister of Ministry of Public Work and Transport and Chairman of National Road Safety Committee
Tram Iv Toek
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Note from the Minister of Health
The Ministry of Health has collaborated with the Ministry of Interior, National Road Safety Committee, World Health Organization and Handicap International Belgium to collect all road-crash related and other injury data from hospitals, health centers along the roads across Cambodia. The data has been analyzed and used to develop this national report “Road Crash and Victim Information System – RCVIS”, which will be disseminated to various national institutions and relevant NGOs. The analysis highlighted accurate information of crashes, fatalities, causes of injuries and so on.
Coming across the experiences from RCVIS and other injuries, which have been increasing alarmingly and affecting public health, the Ministry of Health has been committed and further extended RCVIS to Injury Surveillance System (ISS) that is currently implemented in Hospitals and Health Centers.
Since road crashes remain high in its rate, the Ministry of Health has been vigorous in prevention of injuries and road crashes through public health education at national to grass root level focusing on health impacts caused by injuries and road crashes, road traffic law and correct helmet wearing to sustain life. We are, particularly, improving medical emergency system to achieve a greater quality by equipping health facility and ambulances with medical equipments, and grounding health staffs and traffic police across the country in first aid skill, aiming at saving casualty’s lives at the accident scenes before dispatching to hospitals.
The Ministry of Health will be fully committed to prevent road crashes and other injures in Cambodia, and continues collaborating with Ministry of Interior, National Road Safety Committee, World Health Organization and Handicap International Belgium on collecting road crash and injuries data for the high benefits of taking immediate interventions and disseminating RCVIS and ISS report to the concerning bodies.
The Ministry of Health would like to thank to World Health Organization that have allocated both financial and technical support to the Ministry of Health for implementing its road safety activities to reduce fatalities, disabilities and injuries caused by road crashed and other injuries that impacts public health. It also thanks to Handicap International Belgium that have collaborated with the Ministry of Health on developing and analyzing the data from road crashes and injuries.
At last, I would like to wish all road users safety, and appeal for obeying traffic law altogether and wearing helmets and seatbelts correctly any time on the roads.
Minister of Ministry of Health HE Dr. Mom Bunheng
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Note from the Ministry of Interior
It is, comparing to vehicle volume, assumed that road crash has been decreased. However, the fatalities, injuries and property damages remain serious.
General Commissariat of National Police, under the leading of Prime Minister Hun Sen and Ministry of Interior , has vigorously enforced and made awareness of Road Traffic Law across the nation.
Achievements accomplished from these efforts are the behavior change of road users to adhere the culture of Traffic Law obeying, helmet wearing, rear vision mirrors and number plate installing, seatbelt sustaining, traffic sign obeying, vehicle technicality inspecting and so on. Speed-related and drink driving, the contributors to road crashes, meanwhile, are also forcefully prevented.
Education and awareness on traffic law and recommendations from the premier are conducted and disseminated accordingly by various channels. And in which, road safety related private sector such as good and passenger transport commercial, gas companies, driving schools, beverage companies and public have been motivated to obeying the traffic law and push forwards to achieve road safety.
A smooth cooperation between national and international stakeholders, in cash and in kind, is also strongly made, in which contributing to road safety improving in Cambodia.
The actions taken are significant components in reducing road crashes and improving traffic order, so as to gain public support. And, it is an evident of profound commitments with the sense of responsibility from General Commissariat of National Police.
On behalf of the Management of General Commissariat of National Police, I would express a sincere appreciation towards traffic police force and that towards national and international agencies, private sector and general public who have enthusiastically involved in achieving road safety.
General Commissariat of National Police would like to take this opportunity to appeal to the general public for obeying Traffic Law, adhering courtesy and saving lives to create safety for all.
General Commissioner of National Police General, Neth Savoeun
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Note from World Health Organization
Deaths and injures caused by road traffic crashes is one of the major disease burdens in the world as reported recently in the WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety. Every year, over 1.27 million people die due to traffic accidents and another 50 million people are injured. Road traffic casualties cover all age groups especially the young population and most of them are in developing countries. In recent years, due to rapid economic growth and urbanization, the number of motor vehicles in Cambodia has also increased rapidly. Road traffic accidents leading to deaths and injuries are alarming and among the highest in this region. According to the Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) annual report, in 2009 there were 1,717 people died and 19,139 injured from road traffic crashes. This means that more than 4 people die on the road everyday. WHO applauds the continued commitment of the Royal Government of Cambodia in road traffic safety in the country. WHO is working closely with relevant government counterparts and partners to develop programmes and activities to reduce fatalities, injuries and diabilities caused by road traffic crashes. These include the National Road Safety Committee (NRSC), Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Interior (MOI), Ministry of Public Work and Transport (MPWT), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS), Handicap International Belgium (HIB), Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) and Japan International Coopertation Agency (JICA) and Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP). In 2009, we have put efforts on capacity building, promote public awareness, and stringent enforcement on helmet wearing, drink-driving, Speed-related, overloading, and other risk of factors. We start to see some improvements. In 2009, the fatality rate per 10,000 registered vehicles has decreased from 15.1 to 12.3. The helmet wearing rate has increased significantly from 45% before enforcement date in January 2009 to 65% at the end of 2009. For this, it is important to maintain reliable road accident data system to monitor trends, prioritize public health issues, and setup effective measure for road safety interventions. We believe that the continuation of good coordination and collaboration across the government, development partners,, and civil society will lead to a successful results and more tangible outputs in reducing road traffic crashes in the country. Finally, WHO is committed to provide continuous technical assistance to the Royal Government of Cambodia on road safety programmes and the necessary interventions to ensure the achievement of national objectives and targets for preventing road traffic fatalities, injuries and disabilities in Cambodia.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Note from Handicap International Belgium
Road safety is a critical issue in Cambodia. The number of road crashes, fatalities and disabilities is still alarming. Over the last five years, the number of crashes increased by 217% and the number of fatalities almost doubled. Road crashes disproportionately affect the most vulnerable. Almost 90% of road crash casualties are motorbike riders, pedestrians and bicyclists . Although the fatality rate per 10,000 registered vehicles has reduced, compared to 2008, the absolute number of the fatalities and the rate per 100,000 inhabitants kept increasing. Based on the research study on the cost of road crashes, conducted by Handicap International Belgium with technical support from the Institute of Mobility-Hasselt University in Belgium, road crashes in 2009 had an enormous impact on the social and economic welfare of Cambodia with an estimated annual cost of 248 million USD an increase of 135 million USD compared to 2003.
Handicap International Belgium, together with our valuable partners the Ministry of Interior (MoI), Ministry of Health (MoH), National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) and World Health Organization (WHO) are proud to present this RCVIS 2009 annual report. It has become a necessary reference for road safety plans, strategies, and has particularly contributed to the development of the 2011-2020 National Road Safety Action Plan . The report clearly highlight the evolution of the road crashes since 2004 and the main risk factors with relevant recommendation on Speed-related, drink driving, vulnerable road users (motorbike riders, pedestrians, bicyclists) and high risk locations on the Cambodian road networks. The report also show the progress in the Cambodian Road Safety interventions, especially the impacts of the law enforcement on helmet wearing, which contributed to the reduction of the head injuries among motorcycle fatalities (86% in 2008 to 76% in 2009).
Furthermore, the year 2009 was noted for the significant progress in term of the system handover to our government counterpart, Ministry of Health. The system has extended into the Injury Surveillance System (ISS) under the Ministry of Health structure. Appropriate trainings were organized to assigned staff within the ministry. The ISS database was developed and piloted. Following the commitment from the government and trainings, the system already was set up in Ministry of Interior in early 2010. Thank to our collaboration with the International Road Traffic Accident Database (IRTAD), our system can be upgraded through combining the raw data from police and health facilities. It will be piloted and set up in NRSC at the end of 2010.
We would like to express our appreciations to the collaboration and commitment from the government counterparts, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Health and National Road Safety Committee and their staff, who devoted their time in filling each data collection forms and their commitment in managing the system after the handover. Each of them has contributed to the success and recognition of the system in the region as well as worldwide. A particular thankfulness also goes to our generous donors, the Belgian Cooperation and European Union for their continuous support in this critical issue and the publication of this report.
Country Director Jeroen STOL
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Executive Summary
The RCVIS Annual Report 2009 reviews the main road crash trends in Cambodia compared to previous years. In 2009, 21,519 road crash casualties were reported resulting from 12,538 estimated crashes. 1,717 were fatalities (an average of 4.7 fatalities per day) and 7,022 were severely injured. 18,410 estimated vehicles were involved in those crashes. The number of fatalities increased by 4% compared to 2008. The report also shows that over the last 5 years, the number of fatalities has almost doubled while the number of registered motorized vehicles has increased by 142%. Although the fatality rate per 10,000 registered vehicles has decreased from 15.1 in 2008 to 12.3 in 2009, the fatality rate per 100,000 inhabitants has increased from 12.3 in 2008 to 12.7 in 2009.
The report clearly shows that the leading causes of road crashes, fatalities, and injuries (potentially leading to disability) are related to speed-related and drunk driving, in combination with low helmet wearing rates, particularly among passengers and children. Almost 70% of fatalities were due to speed-related and drunk driving behaviours. Additionally, more than 70% of motorbike fatalities had head injuries. We believe that road crashes are preventable, and with appropriate interventions fatalities and injuries leading to permanent disability in Cambodia can be reduced.
Attention to identifying the most vulnerable road users continues to be a serious concern for the Royal Government of Cambodia and stakeholders. Based on the current report, the majority of fatalities were motorbike riders and pedestrians, representing more than 80% of road crash fatalities. The majority of motorbike fatalities in 2009 were young road users between 15 to 29 years old, while most pedestrians were children and elderly, who are most commonly injured in the afternoon and nighttime hours.
Utilizing a Global Positioning System (GPS) database, the report highlights the most dangerous locations for road users and pedestrians. Significantly, the report disaggregates data related to pedestrian/motorbike/vehicle crashes, age groups, and crashes related to speed-related, drunk driving, or other behaviour related risk factors. The locations identified in the report as being at high risk for road users and pedestrians are primarily located along the national Cambodian highways in Phnom Penh, Kampong Cham, and Kandal Provinces.
Furthermore, based on the research study, conducted by Handicap International Belgium and the Institute of Mobility – Hasselt University in Belgium, road crashes had an enormous impact on the social and economic welfare of Cambodia in 2009. The study estimates the annual economic cost of road crashes in 2009 to equal approximately 248 million USD. This estimation represents an increase of 135 million USD compared to 2003.
This report details the key findings of road crashes and casualties, and provides recommendations on how these findings can be used to improve road safety in Cambodia.
Key figures
General figures - In 2009, 21,519 casualties were reported. Among them, 1,717 were fatalities and 7,020 were severe injuries. Compare to 2008, the number of fatalities increased by 5%. - Annual economic cost of road crashes in 2009 is equal approximately 248 million USD. This estimation represents an increase of 135 million USD compared to 2003. - Over the last 5 years, the number of fatalities has almost doubled. At the same time, the population has increased by 6% and the number of registered motorized vehicles has increased by 142%. - There were slight increases in the fatality rate among 100,000 inhabitants from year to year since 2005 (7.1 to 12.7). - The number of fatalities during Khmer New Year has increased since 2007. Compared to 2008, the number of fatalities during Pchum Ben increased by 22% and during Khmer New Year by 14%. - The highest number of fatalities, severe injuries and superficial injuries occurred during the evening time. A peak was observed between 7pm to 8pm. - In the comparison of fatality rates per 10,000 registered vehicles among ASEAN member countries, Cambodia has the highest rate. - The peak of fatalities shifted from 25-29 years old in 2007 and 2008 to 20-24 years old in 2009.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
- The percentages of fatalities by occupation followed a similar pattern as casualties: farmers represented the highest percentage, constituting the larger group of fatalities and injuries (35% of fatalities, 30% of injured), followed by workers and students. - 8% of casualties were fatalities and 33% were severe injuries. 58% of those fatalities died immediately at the scene, followed by died at a hospital (35%) and died on the way of transferring to a hospital (7%). - Motorcycles made up the vast majority (70%) of vehicles involved in road crashes in 2009, followed by passenger vehicles (15%) and goods vehicles (6%). - National roads accounted for a large proportion of total fatalities (68%). - Human errors contributed to 97% of crashes. Vehicle defects accounted for around 3.5% and road environment accounted around 2 %.
Motorbike riders and helmet wearing - Around 71% of the fatalities were motorbike riders. Compared to 2008, the numbers of motorbike and pedestrian fatalities increased by 10% and 4% respectively. - 76% of motorbike fatalities suffered head injuries in 2009. This percentage of head injuries decreased compared to 2008 (86%) and 2007 (84%). - The percentage of casualties wearing a helmet increased from 6% in 2008 to 20% in 2009. The helmet wearing rate among casualties in Phnom Penh was higher than in the provinces (25%, 18%). - 36.63% of fatalities were killed in motorcycle and 4-wheeler collisions (passenger and goods vehicles) and another 17.46% in motorcycle-motorcycle collisions.
Speed related crashes - Speed-related was the leading cause of crashes in Cambodia. It represented more than 50% of fatalities, while another 17% were caused by drunk driving. Dangerous overtaking also contributed to a high proportion (12%) among fatalities. - The peak of fatalities caused by speed-related was noticed from 6 pm to 8 pm. - Phnom Penh was the most affected by road crashes due to speed-related (16%), followed by Siem Reap Province (12%) and Kampong Cham province (9%).
Drunk driving crashes - Most of the fatalities from drunk driving crashes happened from 6pm to 11.59pm. Peaks were observed between 6pm to 8pm. - In drunk driving crashes, most of the fatalities were motorbike riders. All of 5-9 year old fatalities were motorbike riders and all of 0-4 year old fatalities were pedestrians.
Pedestrians - 13% of fatalities were pedestrians. More than half of them (8% among 13%) were killed by 4-wheel vehicles. - Compared to 2008, the number of pedestrian fatalities increased the most in July (60%) and October (38%) but decreased in December (45%). - A peak of fatalities was noticed among people older than 55 years (24%), while the percentage of injuries was only 11%. - Speed-related was the leading cause of pedestrian injuries and fatalities (61%, 66%).
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Recommendations
Based on the statistics presented in this report and a situational analysis of road safety in the country, key recommendations are presented in this section. Additionally, RCVIS will also provide recommendations based on main risk factors and most vulnerable road user groups. The objective of these recommendations is to contribute to the development of the 2011-2020 National Road Safety Action Plan with particular focus to the development of the helmet wearing, drunk driving and speed-related action plan.
Prioritized Main Risk Factors
1. Speed-related
Speed related road crashes contributed to more than 50% of road crash fatalities in Cambodia in 2009. Driving in excess of the legal speed limit and inappropriate speed for the conditions on the road are the highest risk factor identified by the RCVIS database. A few recommendations should be taken:
• National action plan on speed-related should be developed to ensure effectiveness of the intervention and cooperation among stakeholders. • Public awareness should be enhanced. o The month of April should be specifically targeted as the rate of road crashes increases significantly during the Khmer holiday season. o Young road users, ages 15-29 years old, should be specifically targeted. o Villages along the Cambodian national highways in Kampong Cham, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap provinces should be specifically targeted. • Promote to the public in local media, the focus by police on speed compliance/enforcement activity • Law enforcement should be enhanced. o Appropriate equipment for speed detection and enforcement should be provided to traffic officers. Training should be provided to give traffic officers the technical skill to utilize modern technological equipment to enforce speed-related laws. o Slow speed areas should be set up, especially around schools to make sure speed are reduced (for example to 30km/h) o Speed checkpoints at the high risk locations below, should be set up to enforce speed-related limits. Checkpoints should be organized from 6 pm to 8 pm during the weekends at the following locations: Phnom Penh o Russian Blvd, Ta Nguon Village, Kakab Communce, Dangkao District, o Conner of Norodom Blvd and street 310, Boeng Keng Kang 1 Communce, Chamkar Mon District, o Street 271, Tumnob Tuek Commune, Chamkar Mon District, Provinces o Street 7Makara, Sangkat 4 commune, Preah Sihanouk Krong, Preah Sihanouk Province o National road 5, Prey Svay, Boeng Khnar, Khnach Romeas, and Daeum Chres Village, Boeng Khnar Commune, Bakan District, Pursat Province o Street Ek Reach, Mondol Pir Village, Sangkat 2 Commune, Preah Sihanouk Krong, Preah Sihanouk Province o National road 5, Baliley Village, Paoy Paet Commune, Paoy Paet Krong, Banteay Meanchey Province o National road 5, Ou Ta Paong Village, Ou Ta Paong Commune, Bakan District, Pursat Province
2. Drunk Driving
Drunk driving is the second leading risk behavior for road crashes and fatalities (13%, 17%). Important actions are recommended below:
• National action plan for drunk driving should be developed and implemented. xii
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
• Law enforcement should be enhanced. o Appropriate technical equipment should be provided to traffic officers for detecting drivers who are over the legal drinking limit. Training should be provided to traffic officers to give them the technical skill to utilize modern technological equipment to better enforce drunk driving laws. o Checkpoints should be set up to enforce drinking and driving laws at high risk locations. Checkpoints should be organized from 6pm to 11pm, especially on Saturday and Sunday, at the suggested locations below: Phnom Penh o Russian Blvd, Ta Nguon Village, Kakab Commune, DangKao District, o Street 110, Srah Chak Commune, Doun Penh District, o Corner of street 245 and 93, Boeng Keng Kong 1 Commune, Chamkar Mon District, Provinces o National road 5, Anlong Vil and Beng Village, Anlong Vil Communes, Sangkae Districts, Battambang Province o Provincial road, Phum Ti Muoy Village, Smach Meanchey Commune, Khemarak Phoumin Krong, Koh Kong Province o Minor road, Andoung Pou and La Edth Village, Kampong Pranak Commune, Preah Vihear Krong, Preah Vihear Province o Provincial road, Voat Village, Kracheh Commune, Kracheh Krong, Kratie Province o Street 334, Tarang Bal and Me Phleung Village, Koy Trabaek and Svay Rieng Commune, Svay Rieng Krong, Svay Rieng Province o Provincial road 211, Ta Khmau Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province • Public awareness should be enhanced. o Public awareness campaigns should be organized to focus on the drunk driving behaviors of young people aged between 20 and 29 years old. o Drunk driving awareness campaigns should focus on the geographic areas found to be most at risk including: Kampong Cham, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap provinces. • Promote to the public in local media, the focus by police on drink driving compliance/enforcement activity.
3. Helmet Wearing
Majority (76%) of motorbike fatalities get head injuries. It is crucial that helmet wearing should be promoted and enforced among motorbike riders. • National helmet wearing action plan should be updated and implemented for 2011 onwards. • Legislation should be updated: o Revise the traffic law to include mandatory helmet wearing for passengers, particularly among children. o Increase the existing fine for not wearing helmets. • Raise public awareness and education: o Organize public campaigns on correct helmet wearing and proper helmet standards. o Increase helmet access (for example, helmet subsidy or helmet loans at schools) • Enhanced law enforcement: Set up checkpoints to enforce helmet wearing laws. Checkpoints should be organized from 6pm to 8pm and especially during the weekend among young motorbike riders (16 to 25 years old)
Target Vulnerable Road Users
4. Motorbike riders
Motorbike riders are the most vulnerable road users in Cambodia. They represent 71% of total fatalities. 76% of motorbike crashes result in drivers suffering heard injuries. Important actions are recommended below:
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
• Develop and implement enhanced law enforcement measures and public awareness campaigns during national holidays, particularly during the Khmer New Year. At least 3 provinces should be prioritized: Phnom Penh, Kampong Cham and Kandal. • Create separate motorcycle lanes along national roads and main urban roads • Target following areas, which are the highest risk areas among motorbike riders, for enhanced law enforcement and better emergency assistances (as mentioned in the recommendation 7 and 10 below), particularly on Speed-related, Drink Driving and dangerous overtaking, especially on Saturday nights:
o Phnom Penh Russian Blvd, at the border of Trapeang Lvea and Ta Nhuon Village, Kakab Commune, Dangkao District Chaom Chau street , at the border of Trapeang Thloeng and Chaom Chau Village, Chaom Chau Commune, Dangkao District, National road 4, at the border of Thnal Bambaek and Prey Pring Village, Chaom Chau Commune, Dangkao District, Conner of the Russian BVLD and street 107, Mittakpheap Commune, 7 Makakra District, At the roundabout (National road 2, Monivong Blvd and Norodom Blvd), Tonle Basak Commune, Chamkar Mon District, o Provinces: Ti Muoy Village, Smach Meanchey Commune , Khemarak Phoumin krong, Koh Kong Province Street 7 Makara, Sangkat Buon Commune, Preah Sihanouk Krong, Preah Sihanouk Province National road 6+56, Sampong Svay, Phum Bei and Phum Muoy Village, Kampong Svay, Preah Ponlea Commune, Serei Saophaon Krong, Banteay Meanchey Province Provincial road 22, Spean Thma, Trapeang Proeng, and Kandal Village, Stung Treng Commune, Stung Treng krong , Stung Treng Province Street Ek Reach, Mondol Pir Village, Sangkat Pir Commune, Preah Sihanouk krong, Preah Sihanouk Province
5. Pedestrians
Pedestrians are the second most vulnerable road user group on the Cambodian road network. The most at-risk pedestrian groups are children aged between 0 and 9 years old, accounting for 30% of total pedestrian fatalities, and elderly persons, aged 55 years and above, accounting for 24% of pedestrian fatalities. Key recommends are listed below: • Awareness and education concerning safe road behaviors for pedestrians should be developed to target identified high risk age groups (particularly children and elderly). Specific focus should be given to safe crossing behavior and visibility at night. • Advanced research studies on pedestrian behavior should be conducted to identify and pilot appropriate intervention strategies for reducing pedestrian injuries and fatalities. • Safe School Zones should be developed to promote the safety of students when entering and exiting schools. Safe school zone measures should include increased enforcement of appropriate lower speed limits and ensuring school cross-walks are respected and clearly-marked. Additionally, the concept of the safe school zones should be integrated into the school curriculum. Based on data presenting child pedestrian injuries and fatalities, areas recommended for safe school zone improvement include:
o Phnom Penh Street 271, Tumnob Tuek Commune, Chamkar Mon District, Monivong Blvd, border of Wat Phnom and Srah Chak Commune, Doun Penh District, Conner of street 110 and 107, Mittakpheap Commune, 7 Meakkakra District, Monivong Blvd, border of Boeng Trabaek and Boeng Keng Kang 1 Commune, Chamkar Mon District, o Provinces: National road 5, in Anlong Vil and Beng Village, Anlong Vil commune, Sangkae District, Battambang Province
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
National road 6, Chong Kausu Village, Sla Kram Commune, Siem Reap Krong, Siem Reap Province National 56, Phum 2 Villages, Kampong Svay and Preah Ponlea Commune, Serei Saophaon Krong, Banteay Meanchey Province National road 7, Andoung Chraoh Village, Ampil Commune, Kampong Siem District, Kampong Cham Province Provincial road, Thmei Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province • Pedestrian Infrastructure /facilities such as crosswalks, pedestrian bridges, sidewalks, should be improved in the following areas: National road 5, Kraol Kou Village, Kilomet 6 Commune, Ruessei Kaev District, Phnom Penh Monireth Blvd, Phneat and Damnak Thum Villages, Stung Meanchey Commune, Mean Chey District, Phnom Penh National road 5, at the border of Baliley Village, Paoy Paet Commune, Paoy Paet Krong, Banteay Meanchey • A program to lower speed limits and support this with substantial police enforcement should be progressively introduced at higher pedestrian risk locations.
Improve Road Safety Management:
6. Capacity building of the National Road Safety Committee
The National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) is the body tasked with overall management and coordination of road safety in Cambodia. Although an improvement of their capability has been observed in recent years, the NRSC requires continuous information and capacity building to strengthen their ability to make a significant impact on reducing crashes, fatalities and injuries on the roads of Cambodia. 2010-2011 will be crucial years for the development of the NRSC as the committee will be tasked to develop and implement a new 10 year Action Plan for Road Safety in Cambodia. The new action plan will be developed in line with the United Nations decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020. Additionally, prioritized actions should be also put in to support: • municipalities in improving their road signage and markings and understanding of crash risk and its treatment • the public works department in planning for and providing safer infrastructure
7. Capacity Building and Support to Law Enforcement Police
In addition to supporting the National Road Safety Committee’s ability to identify priority areas of action and define policy to address these priority needs, the national law enforcement system must also be supported to ensure the full and proper implementation of NRSC policy and action plan. The Royal government of Cambodia, along with all uni-lateral and bi-lateral donors, must prioritize the provision of technical and financial support for traffic police. Specialized equipment and trainings are required to strengthen the capacity of Cambodia’s police officers and enable their ability to enforce all aspects of the Cambodian traffic law.
8. Driver Training and Licensing
Driving schools are the training grounds for future drivers of Cambodia. Therefore, it is essential that safe driving behavior is instilled in the new generation of Cambodian road users. RCVIS recommends that a rigorous evaluation of the driving schools and driving license system be carried out. The objective of the evaluation should include an assessment of teaching curriculums, teaching practices, and license testing procedures. Furthermore, the driver training curriculum should stress the key behavioral risk factors leading to road crashes in Cambodia and the behaviors necessary to reduce crash risks.
9. Research
Road safety research is critical to improving the knowledge and understanding about contributing factors to road crashes. A body of research should be compiled for the purpose of providing a qualitative understanding of behaviors leading to road crashes. Based on a comprehensive, research-based knowledge foundation,
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
evidenced based strategies and policies can be developed, and funds for Road Safety interventions can be more easily obtained. Recommended areas of research include:
• A sociological assessment of dangerous road behaviors in the context of Cambodia, with a particularly focus on speed-related and drunk driving and measure that would reduce non-compliance with the road laws. • The situation analysis of vulnerable road users in Cambodia, with specific focus on motorbike riders, pedestrians, cyclists, children and persons with disability.
As the road safety context in Cambodia is rapidly evolving, steps must be taken to ensure a continuous flow of accurate and comprehensive information to decision-making bodies in Cambodia, specifically the National Road Safety Committee. To ensure that future policies and action plans focusing on road safety are designed with accurate and up to date information, focus should also be placed on developing local researchers with capabilities to conduct ongoing road safety-related research, building upon linkage developed with international university road safety research departments.
10. Emergency Assistance
The report also recommends for more attention from the Royal Government of Cambodia, donors and road safety stakeholders for a better development of an Emergency Medical Services strategy and action plan coupled with a fundraising strategy, to begin addressing this critical gap in the road safety sector. Actions should be focused on: ••• First Aid and On Site Management: Development of local capacity of first aid among first responders (police, firemen) and community volunteers at blackspot locations as identified in this report, ••• Aspects of Transportation: Development of fleet of ambulances, equipment, trained staff; Identification of other appropriate means of transports such as tricycle, taxi; and appropriate emergency routes particularly along the national roads ••• Capacity of Hospitals : Development of hospital staff qualification in the emergency medical system and improvement of emergency equipment; ••• Mechanisms to Manage the System : Improvement of dispatch centers, protocol and standards, trained personnel and equipments; creating coordinating body; developing policy, legislation, regulations;
11. Partnership
Road Safety is a multi-disciplinary, multi-sectoral thematic which cannot be delivered by one agency alone. Strong partnerships and collaborations are crucial elements to the success of the country interventions. Government bodies, civil society organizations and private sector should keep improving these partnerships and cooperation to maximize the effectiveness of the intervention. Partnerships should be strengthened from national up to grassroots levels and from local to regional and international platforms. While missions and actions of each stakeholder can be varied, it is important that the general objectives and strategies are common in order to reduce road crashes, fatalities, injuries and disabilities.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
I. Introduction
Road safety funding and actions, decision-making, policy and strategy are effectively set and implemented based on evidence gathered through accurate and comprehensive data collection systems. HIB, therefore, has focused resources since 2004 to initiate the Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS), in close collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MoH), Interior (MoI), and Public Works and Transport (MPWT). The RCVIS has expanded to cover 193 districts/cities in all 24 provinces by collecting, centralizing, analysing and disseminating information provided by three different sources: public hospitals, private clinics and traffic police.
The objective of the Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) is to provide government and development stakeholders in Cambodia with accurate, continuous and comprehensive information on road crashes and victims for the purposes of increasing understanding of the current road safety situation, planning appropriate responses and policy, and evaluating impact of current and future initiatives.
Figure 1 : RCVIS data collection flow in 2009
RCVIS is now recognized by national and international stakeholders as the only official source of road crashes and casualty data for Cambodia.
Since the beginning of 2009, RCVIS has been progressively handed over to its government counterparts: the MoI, MoH and National Road Safety Committee (NRSC). To strengthen the sustainability of the system after the handover, HIB will continue to provide technical support to the ministries, especially on the system management and advanced data analysis to ensure the quality of the reports. A new upgraded version of the combined database for the NRSC is expected to pilot at the end of the year after the successful handover of the police data to the MoI. Appropriate capacity-building trainings on database management will be continued to appointed staff in those three organizations.
This annual report analyses the information collected by RCVIS for the year 2009. It is a synthesis of all the monthly reports that were published throughout 2009. The previous annual reports (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008), as well as all monthly reports and other information related to road safety, can be found on the following website: www.roadsafetycambodia.info .
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
II. Data Source
RCVIS has combined two main data sources (traffic police and health facilities). To avoid double entries between health facilities and traffic police data, when a casualty is reported by a health facility as well as by the traffic police, it is taken into account only once (shared around 8% among fatalities and 6% among injured people). In 2009, traffic police played a very important role in collecting data on fatalities. As shown in the figure below, almost 95% of fatalities throughout Cambodia were reported by traffic police. Although health facilities reported around 15% of fatalities, they played a more important role in collecting traffic injury data. More than 50% of those injuries were reported by hospital or health center staff.
Figure 2 : Percentage of injured and fatalities reported to RCVIS by traffic police and health facilities – 2009
There was a slight increase in the number of districts reported by traffic police, but the coverage areas that were reported by traffic police were still the same as last year (whole country). This increase of districts was due to the re-arrangement of the new district structures. On the other hand, although the total number of hospitals and health centers were increased as compared to 2008, the data collection forms were not reported and sent regularly. For example, only two of the main hospitals in Phnom Penh participated in the data collection. This caused significant under-reported cases, especially among injury data.
Figure 3: Number of health centers, hospitals and district traffic police reported to RCVIS by provinces 1
2006 2007 2008 2009 Reported by Health District Health District Health District Health District Hospitals Hospitals Hospitals Hospitals Centers Polices Centers Polices Centers Polices Centers Polices Banteay Meanchey 4 3 8 7 2 8 3 2 8 4 1 8 Battambang 1 4 9 0 2 11 0 1 12 1 1 13 Kampong Cham 10 9 13 10 9 16 5 10 16 5 10 16 Kompong Chhnange 3 2 7 0 2 7 0 2 7 2 2 7 Kampong Speu 4 2 7 3 3 8 3 2 8 1 1 7 Kampong Thom 6 2 7 4 2 8 2 2 8 0 3 9 Kampot 0 4 8 1 4 8 0 3 8 0 4 8 Kandal 16 3 9 8 3 9 2 1 10 0 2 10 Kep 2 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 2 1 2 Koh Kong 0 2 6 0 2 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 Kratie 1 2 5 0 1 5 0 0 5 0 1 5 Mondol Kiri 0 0 5 0 2 5 0 2 5 0 1 5 Pailin 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 Phnom Penh 0 11 7 0 10 7 0 6 7 0 5 8 Preah Vihear 3 1 5 7 1 7 7 1 7 9 0 6 Prey Vaeng 6 3 12 3 5 12 6 1 12 2 6 12 Pursat 0 2 5 0 1 6 0 0 6 0 0 7 Ratanak Kiri 0 1 6 0 0 9 0 0 9 3 1 7 Siem Reap 1 3 7 1 3 11 1 3 12 1 3 10 Preah Sihanouk 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 3 0 1 4 Stueng Traeng 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 4 0 1 5 Svay Rieng 1 3 7 0 3 7 0 2 7 0 3 8 Takeo 0 1 9 0 2 10 0 1 10 0 1 10 Oddar Meanchey 3 1 3 1 2 5 1 0 5 1 1 6 Total 61 62 153 45 62 176 30 42 179 31 49 182
1 Some hospitals and health centres did not report for a whole year. 2
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
III. Main evolution of data
Road crashes, casualties and fatalities continue to increase at a greater rate than road traffic and population . Over the last 5 years, the number of fatalities has almost doubled . At the same time, the population 2 has increased by 6% and the number of registered motorized vehicles has increased by 142%.
Figure 4: Evolution of road fatalities, population and vehicles in Cambodia 3, 1998 – 2009 (base 100 = 1998)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Population Registered Vehicles Fatalities
There were slight increases in the fatality rate among 100,000 inhabitants from year to year since 2005 (7.1 to 12.7). On the other hand, decreases in the fatality rate per 10,000 registered vehicles were also observed since 2006 (18.1 to 12.3).
Figure 5: Fatality rates in Cambodia 1998 – 2009 and its target for 2010 and 2020 (1) 25 21.5 18.4 18.1 20 17.8 15.7 15.1 15 12.0 12.4 12.7 11.7 12.3 12.7 12.3 8.3 10.0 10 6.4 6.7 7.1 7.0 3.7 3.4 3.8 4.4 5 0.9 1.7 2.0 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Target for for Target 2010 for Target 2020
Number of fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants Number of fatalities per 10,000 registered vehicles
2 Number of population in 2009 was calculated by using projection rate in General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 3 Sources : Numbers of fatalities from 1998 to 2005 were based on traffic police only and from 2006 to 2009 were based on RCVIS 3
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
At the same time, the fatality rates among two-wheelers and four-wheelers have also decreased.
Figure 6: Fatality rates per 10,000 registered two-wheeler and four-wheeler (2), 2007–2009
16.0 14.7 14.0 12.6 11.7 12.0 11.1 10.0 8.3 6.8 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Two-wheeler Four-wheeler
2007 2008 2009
More than half of the fatalities occurred along the main National Roads (NR) in Cambodia. Compared to 2008 , NR 5 contributed to the highest number of fatalities, followed by NR 6 and NR 7. The increase was observed since 2007 on NR 5. The number of fatalities has also increased significantly along NR 6 and NR 7.
On the other hand, a significant decrease was noticed on National Road 4 (45%).
Figure 7: Number of fatalities on main national road network, 2007–2009
300
250 230 239 217
200 180 166 178 134 131 134 146 150 110 110 83 97 100 86 60 50 51 58 28 43 42 50 33 38
0 NR1 NR2 NR3 NR4 NR5 NR6A NR6 NR7
2007 2008 2009
Comparing fatalities per kilometre, National Road 1 was the most deadly followed by National Road 5 and National Road 6A in 2009. Significant decreases were noticed on National Road 4 compared to 2008.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Generally, the number of road crashes noticeably increased during the major national holidays, which accounted for almost 12% of fatalities in 2009. The number of fatalities during Khmer New Year has increased since 2007. Compared to 2008, the number of fatalities during Pchum Ben increased by 22% and during Khmer New Year by 14%. However, on Water Festival and Chinese New Year, the numbers of fatalities decreased by 10% and 27% respectively .
Figure 8: The evolution of the numbers of fatalities by main holidays, 2007–2009 100 89 90 78 80 74 70 60 55 48 50 50 38 40 41 41 40 29 30 26 20 10 0 Chinese New Year Khmer New Year Pchum Ben Water Festival
2007 2008 2009
In 2009, the peak of fatalities was recorded in April. The number of fatalities had increased in almost every month compared to 2007, except October and November. A significant increase between 2008 and 2009 was observed in August (64%).
Figure 9 The evolution of the numbers of fatalities by month, 2007 – 2009
250
200
150
100
50
0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2007 2008 2009
In Phnom Penh, the total number of fatalities decreased by 15% as compared to 2008. The significant decreases were in May, June and December. Additionally, a significant increase was noticed in August (131%) , compared to 2008.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IV. General Figures
IV.1 Regional and National Comparisons
In the comparison of fatality rates per 10,000 registered vehicles among ASEAN member countries (3), Cambodia has the highest rate. The fatality rate per 100,000 inhabitants is a bit lower than Vietnam but higher than LAO PDR.
Figure 10 : Fatality rates – comparisons between selected countries in Asia – 2009
14.0 12.9 12.4 12.7 12.3 12.0
10.0 8.6 8.0
6.0
4.0 3.5
2.0
0.0 Lao PDR Vietnam Cambodia
Number of fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants Number of fatalities per 10,000 registered vehicles
Phnom Penh contributed to the highest number of fatalities in 2009, followed by Kampong Cham and Kandal provinces. Conversely, the lowest numbers of fatalities were noticed in Kep and Pailin provinces.
Figure 11: Number of fatalities by province – 2009 300 251 250 221 200 200
150 110 94 98 100 84 70 70 70 66 57 53 61 23 43 42 50 30 5 22 22 17 4 4 0
In terms of population density, the highest fatality rates were in Koh Kong, Kep, Phnom Penh and Preah Sihanouk provinces.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Phnom Penh shared around 15% of the total fatalities. Dangkao district was the most deadly followed by Ruessei Keo district. The number of fatalities has significantly increased in Dangkao district since 2007. On the other hand, a decrease in fatalities was observed in almost all districts in Phnom Penh, which led to an overall decrease of 15% compared to 2008.
Figure 12: Number of fatalities by district in Phnom Penh, 2007–2009
120 97 100 93 77 81 80 69
60 46 48 38 41 39 40 31 30 33 28 25 20 24 22 20 13 8 6 8 0 0 0 Chamkar Doun Penh 7 Makara Toul Kork Mean Chey Dangkao Ruessei Sen sok Mon Keo
2007 2008 2009
IV.2 Victim Information
This section highlights traffic casualties which are broken down by the severity of injuries resulting from road crashes. In 2009, 21,519 casualties were reported. Among them, 1,717 were fatalities and 7,020 were severe injuries . Compare to 2008, the number of fatalities increased by 5% .
Figure 13: Breakdown of casualties by severity of injury, 2006–2009
Year Fatalities Severe injuries Slight Injuries Unknown Total 2006 1,292 6,033 17,836 985 26,146 2007 1,545 7,150 17,655 1,053 27,403 2008 1,638 7,226 15,985 947 25,796 2009 1,717 7,022 12,117 663 21,519
At the end of 2009, Handicap International Belgium, in collaboration with the Institute of Mobility – Hasselt University of Belgium conducted a research study on the cost of road crashes in Cambodia. The research found that road crashes in 2009 cost Cambodia 248 million USD (4). In addition, the average cost (in USD) on property loses, suffering, medical treatment and so on were also addressed.
Figure 14: Breakdown of road crash cost by severity of injury in 2009
TOTAL lost output Serious injuries Description Fatalities Slight injuries Damage Total recovered disabled
Property damage $2,520,147 $48,706,472 $706,244 $5,053,407 $3,199,056 $60,185,326 Administrative costs $4,837,134 $28,572,432 $414,300 $5,033,274 $3,432,464 $42,289,604 Lost output per casualty $37,755,682 $8,654,545 $6,347,301 $817,292 $0 $53,574,820 Medical costs $2,585,659 $13,228,188 $599,777 $1,771,944 $0 $18,185,567 Human Costs $13,502,117 $52,371,515 $4,899,738 $2,699,057 $0 $73,472,426
TOTAL lost $61,200,737 $151,533,152 $12,967,360 $15,374,975 $6,631,520 $247,707,744 7
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IV.2.1 Age - The average age of an injured person was 28 years old and of a fatality was 31 years old . - The economically active population (20-54 years old) was the most affected, representing 79% of fatalities . - People aged between 0-9 years old represented 7% of casualties and 6% of fatalities. Conversely, people aged more than 55 years old represented 6% of casualties and 10% of fatalities, meaning that an elderly person has more chance of being killed than a child. - The peak of fatalities shifted from 25-29 years old in 2007 and 2008 to 20-24 years old in 2009 .
Figure 15: Breakdown of fatalities by age category, 2007– 2009
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
2007 2008 2009
The proportion of young adult fatalities (ages 20-29) affected by crashes was greater at nighttimes than daytimes (44% compared to 29%) while the proportion of people aged between 0 and 14 years old was higher in the daytime than nighttime (13% compared to 3%).
Figure 16 : Age pyramid of fatalities by daytime and nighttime – 2009
100% 90% 11% 0-4 5-9 80% 13% 25% 10-14 15-19 70% 18% 60% 20-24 25-29 50% 11% 19% 7% 40% 10% 8% 30-34 35-39 30% 8% 8% 20% 7% 6% 6% 40-44 45-49 10% 11% 8% 0% 50-54 >=55 Day(6am to 6pm) Night(6pm to 6am)
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
In 2009, the number of children (ages 0-14) injured in road crashes was stable compared to 2008 . They represented 8% of total fatalities and 11% of all casualties. - 64% of them were student. - 83% of them were injured in provinces. - 29% of them were injured in motorbike-pedestrian collisions, followed by motorbike-motorbike collisions (22%) and motorbike-bicycle collisions (9%). - The peak of casualties among children was observed between 5pm to 6pm. - 52% of them were injured due to Speed-related, followed by not respect the right of way (10%). - 42% of them were motorbike riders, followed by pedestrians (36%) and bicyclists (14%). Notably, more than half of child fatalities were pedestrians.
Figure 17 : Percentage injured and fatalities aged between 0-14 by type of transport – 2009
100% 9% 14% 80% 14% 10%
60% 35% 56% 40%
20% 42% 20% 0% Injured Fatalities
Motorbike Pedestrian Bicycle Other
IV.2.2 Gender
In 2009, Males accounted for 73% of casualties. Males were much more likely than females to be killed by road crashes in 2009. It is noticed that number of female fatalities aged above 55 years old was higher than other age groups.
Figure 18 : Number of fatalities by gender – different age categories – 2009
350 304 300 231 250
200 159 150 115 115 111 95 101 100 85 52 63 38 27 47 29 45 30 50 18 18 23 9 24 26 19 23 25 - 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55 Avg
Male Female
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
More females were injured in road crashes due to Speed-related than males (61% compared to 56%), while more males were injured due to drunk driving than females (18% compared to 8%).
Figure 19 : Percentage of casualties by gender caused by human error – 2009
100% Speed related 90%
80% Drunk driving 53% 70% 58% 60% Dangerous overtaking
50% Not respect right of way 40% 18% 8% 30% 10% Change direction without due 10% care 20% 11% 10% Driving againt flow of traffic 10% 5% 3% 2% 4% 0% 4% 4% Other Male Female
IV.2.3 Occupation
- The economically active part of the population (students, workers and farmers) was the most affected by road crashes. - The percentages of fatalities by occupation followed a similar pattern as casualties: farmers represented the highest percentage, constituting the larger group of fatalities and injuries (35% of fatalities, 30% of injured), followed by workers and students.
Figure 20 : Percentage of injured and fatalities by occupation 4 – 2009
12% Other 17% 4% Child 3% 3% Motor taxi driver 3% 6% Vendor/Small business 5% 5% House keeping/Servant 4% 22% Student 14% 18% Worker 19% 30% Farmer 35%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Injured Fatalities
The numbers of farmers among casualties have continued to increase from year to year. Between 2008 and 2009, the number of farmer fatalities increased by 16%, while there was a slight decrease among student fatalities (5%). Moreover, farmers shared around 40% of all casualties in provinces, while only 6% among casualties in Phnom Penh. Conversely, workers constituted a higher percentage in Phnom Penh than in the provinces (36% vs 17%).
4 Child aged between 0 and 5 years old. 10
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IV.2.4 Type of road user
Around 71% of the fatalities were motorbike riders. Compared to 2008, the numbers of motorbike and pedestrian fatalities increased by 10% and 4% respectively.
Figure 21: Number of fatalities by type of transportation, 2007– 2009
1400 1218 1200 1107 971 1000
800
600
400 206 207 215 71 200 115 78 75 116 111 99 29 28 12 35 36 33 73 65 0 Other Agriculture Goods Passenger Bicycle Pedestrian Motorbike vehicle vehicle vehicle
2007 2008 2009
• Pedestrian fatality rate was almost double the injured rate (7% among injured, but 13% among fatalities). • Motorbike riders represent the largest group for all severities, accounting for 77% of severe casualties and 71% of fatalities.
Figure 22 : Percentage of casualties by road user type and severity of injury – 2009
100% Motorbike 90% 80% Pedestrain 70% Bicycle 71% 77% 77% 60% 79% Passenger vehicle
50% Goods vehicle 40% Agriculture vehicle 30% 13% 20% 8% 7% 8% 4% 4% 4% 10% 4% 6% 6% 5% 6% 0% Fatality Severe Slight All
As shown in the figure next page: • The highest percentage of motorbike riders was observed among casualties aged between 15-29 years old.
• Children (less than 15 years old) and elderly (older than 54 years old) were very vulnerable as pedestrians, which shared a high proportion among other types of transports
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
• Bicyclists shared the highest proportion among children aged between 5-14 years old compared to other age categories.
Figure 23: Percentage of casualties by type of transport for different age categories – 2009
100% Motorbike 90% 30% Pedestrian 80% 47% 47% Bicycle 70% 65% 60% 79% 80% 79% 75% 75% Passenger vehicle 83% 87% 85% 50% Goods vehicle 51% 17% 40% Agriculture vehicle 39% 30% 16% Other 25% 20% 6% 6% 11% 8% 10% 5% 5% 6% 0%
IV.2.5 Transfer to hospital
SAMU/Ambulance played a better role to save casualties in Phnom Penh than in provinces. 59% of casualties were transferred to a hospital by ambulance in Phnom Penh, while 65% of casualties in provinces were transferred by private transportation and 40% of them took more than 2 hours to reach the first health facility/hospital. Only 30% of them can reach a hospital in less than 30minutes.
Figure 24: Duration to arrive at the hospital in Phnom Penh versus provinces – 2009 100% 9% 4% 90% <10 miniutes 25% 80% 10-30 minutes 39% 70% 30 minutes-1 hour 15% 60% 1 hour- 2 hours 50% 16% 40% 19% > 2 hours 30% 14% 20% 40% 10% 19% 0% Phnom Penh Province
In addition, the time of transferring to a hospital is more crucial among serious injuries. 43% of severe casualties in the country were transferred to a hospital in longer than 2 hours. Only half of those serious injuries were transported by SAMU/Ambulance.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IV.2.6 Severity of injuries
8% of casualties were fatalities and 33% were severe injuries. 58% of those fatalities died immediately at the scene, followed by died at a hospital (35%) and died on the way of transferring to a hospital (7%).
Figure 25: Percentage of casualties by severity of injury – 2009
Superficial 56% Died on crash site 58% Unknown, 3%
Fatalities 8%
Died during transferring 7%
Died at hospital Severe 35% 33%
The highest number of fatalities, severe injuries and superficial injuries occurred during the evening time. A peak was observed between 7pm to 8pm.
Figure 26: Percentage of casualties by severity of injuries and time category – 2009
5% Severity of injury Superficial s Severe
e 4%
i
t Fatality
l
a u
s a 3% c
f o
e
g 2% a
t
n e
c
r
e 1%
P
0%
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
------
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Crash time in category
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IV.2.7 Nature of injuries
In total, 39% of casualties suffered from head injuries. Upper/lower wound/cuts represented 20% of casualties and upper/lower fracture accounted for 20%. It is interesting to note that the total percentage of head injuries among casualties was decreased from 45% in 2008 to 39% in 2009.
Figure 27: Percentage of casualties by category of nature of injuries 5 – 2009
Multiple wound/cuts 19% Pelvis wound/cuts 1% Upper/lower wound/cuts 20% Multiple fracture 2% Pelvis fracture 1% Upper/lower fracture 20% Abdominal only 1% Thorax only 2% Face only 12% Multiple( not including cranial) 2% Multiple(including cranial 8% Cranial only 31%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
IV.2.8 Seatbelt
Following stricter enforcement by traffic police in 2009 on seatbelt-wearing among 4-wheel drivers and front-seat passengers, seatbelt wearing was increased among casualties from 14% in 2008 to 34% in 2009. Seatbelt- wearing among drivers of passenger vehicles was higher than drivers of goods vehicles (16%, 10%).
4-wheeler driver casualties aged between 35-39 years old represented a high percentage of seatbelt wearing (46%). A low percentage of seatbelt wearing was noticed among casualties aged 20-24 years old.
Figure 28: Percentage of 4-wheeler driver casualties wearing seatbelt – 2009
100%
80% 54% 62% 61% 62% 57% 71% 65% 67% 60% 78%
40%
46% 43% 20% 38% 35% 39% 33% 38% 22% 29% 0% 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
Wearing seatbelt Not wearing seatbelt
5 Percentages may add up to more than 100% as a casualty may have injuries to more than one body region. 14
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Wearing a seatbelt can reduce severity of injuries during a crash. As shown in the figure below, 45% of casualties where the person was not wearing a seatbelt were either severe or fatalities, while a lower percentage (36%) was observed among people wearing seatbelts.
Figure 29: Percentage of 4-wheeler driver using seatbelt by severity of injury – 2009
100% 90% 80% 55% Superficial 70% 64% 60% Severe 50% 40% Fatalities 30% 35% 20% 28% 10% 8% 10% 0% Wearing seatbelt Not wearing seatbelt
IV.3 Crash information
IV.3.1 Hit and Run
Hit and run crashes occur when the driver responsible intentionally escapes afterwards. In 2009, hit and run crashes represented 24% of overall crashes and 37% of fatalities. It is noted that the percentage of fatalities caused by hit and run decreased from year to year.
Figure 30 : Percentage of crashes and fatalities resulting from hit and runs, 2007–2009 50% 43% 42% 40% 37%
30% 24% 25% 24% 20%
10%
0% 2007 2008 2009
Crash Fatality
• The peak of hit and run crashes was noticed from 6 pm to 8 pm. • 29% of hit and run crashes were head-on collision. • Hit and run crashes occurred much more in the provinces than in Phnom Penh (88% vs 12%). • In hit and run crashes, Speed-related represents 51% of crashes, followed by dangerous overtaking (12%).
IV.3.2 Type of collision
36.63% of fatalities were killed in motorcycle and 4-wheeler collisions (passenger and goods vehicles) and another 17.46% in motorcycle-motorcycle collisions. 15
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
13% of fatalities were pedestrians . More than half of them (8% among 13%) were killed by 4-wheeler vehicles.
Figure 31: Percentage of fatalities by type of collisions – 2009 Collision Motorbike Passenger vehicle Goods vehicle Agriculture vehicle Bicycle Other Total Motorbike 17.46% 17.46% Passenger vehicle 22.34% 1.06% 23.40% Goods vehicle 14.29% 2.00% 1.76% 18.05% Agriculture vehicle 3.00% 0.41% 0.18% 0.06% 3.65% Bicycle 1.99% 1.18% 0.77% 0.06% - 4.00% Pedestrian 4.59% 5.70% 2.47% 0.47% - - 13.23% Stationary object 4.53% 0.59% 0.24% - - - 5.36% Animal 1.18% - - 0.06% - - 1.24% Single vehicle collision 6.23% 2.12% 1.59% 1.41% - 0.12% 11.47% Other 1.59% 0.30% 0.12% - 0.12% - 2.13% Total 77.20% 13.36% 7.13% 2.06% 0.12% 0.12% 100%
Head-on crashes accounted for 28% of the total crashes, followed by right-angle collisions (26%) and rear-end collisions (17%). Head-on collisions represented a high proportion of fatal and severe crashes. Right-angle collisions shared high percentages among severe and slight crashes. Additionally, accidents involving pedestrians also significantly contributed to fatal crashes.
Figure 32: Percentage of crash by type of collision and severity of crash – 2009
100% Head-on 90% 24% 30% 31% Rear-end 80% Right-angle 70% 16% Slide-swipe 60% 16% 17% Hit pedstrian 50% 17% 34% Single vehicle collision 40% 27% 5% Other 30% 11% 20% 8% 12% 11% 10% 9% 7% 9% 4% 5% 0% Fatal crash Severe crash Slight crash
Head-on collisions and rear-end collisions were much higher at night time than during the day while right-angle collisions and side-swipe collisions were much higher during the daytime than at night.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Head-on collisions shared similar proportions among all kinds of roads. The high proportions of right-angle collisions occurred on junctions (X, T, Y- junctions), while single vehicle collisions were observed mostly on bridges, slopes and curve roads.
Figure 33: Percentage of crash by characteristic of road and type of collision – 2009
100% 15% Head-on 90% 24% 24% 21% 23% 22% 30% 29% 80% 9% 5% 5% Rear-end 70% 13% 13% 17% 9% 10% 60% 19% 12% Right-angle 47% 17% 50% 24% 28% 16% 40% 22% 63% 49% 9% Slide-swipe 6% 6% 30% 6% 15% 9% 8% 31% Hit pedstrian 20% 13% 6% 20% 10% 5% 10% 7% 11% 11% 5% 12% 9% 8% Single vehicle 0% collision Other
More than 60% of crashes that were due to “driving against the flow of traffic” were head on collisions. Around 50% of “change direction without due care” and “not respects the rights of way” were right-angle collisions. Figure 34: Percentage of crash by human error and type of collision – 2009
Other 21% 15% 35% 7% 14% Head-on
Driving again flow of traffic 62% 23% 9% Rear-end
Change direction without due care 16% 9% 53% 10% 8% Right-angle Slide-swipe Notrespect right of way 29% 7% 48% 9% 6% Hit pedstrian Dangerious overtakeing 39% 16% 16% 23% Single vehicle collision Drunk driving 33% 19% 15% 6% 7% 10% Other Speed related 26% 20% 22% 6% 12% 6%
0% 50% 100%
IV.3.3 Type of road
No significant difference between percentages of crashes in daytime and night time was observed on the national roads. On the other hand, the percentage of road crashes at night on major and minor roads was higher than during the day. In 2009, national roads accounted for a large proportion of total fatalities (68%). Speed-related was the main cause of crashes on all kind of roads. It shared more than 50% of overall crashes, followed by drunk driving .
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 35: Percentage of crash by type of road and human error – 2009
100% 90% 25% Speed related 80% 51% 54% 45% 57% 70% 47% 25% Drunk driving 60% Dangerous overtakeing 50% 12% 18% 18% 14% 40% 58% Not respect right of way 6% 6% 13% 30% 12% 6% 20% 11% 22% 11% 19% Change direction without due care 10% 25% 0% Driving against flow of traffic National Local Provincial Major Minor Other road road road road in road in Other city/town city/town
IV.3.4 Characteristic of road 78% of all crashes occurred on straight roads, which also contributed to 81% of fatalities . Figure 36: Percentage of crash and fatalities by characteristic of road – 2009
1% Y-junction 0% 1% Roundabout 1% 1% Bridge 1% 1% Slope 2% 5% T-junction 2% 6% X-junction 4% 7% Curve 9% 78% Straight road 81%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Crashes Fatalities
A high percentage of fatal crashes was notice on slopes and bridge.
Figure 37: Percentage of crash by severity of crash and characteristic of road – 2009
100% 90% 21% 20% 21% 22% 26% 33% 26% 80% 38% Slight crash 70% 60% 37% 51% 46% 50% 53% Severe crash 58% 40% 62% 55% 51% 30% Fatal crash 20% 42% 26% 29% 31% 10% 12% 13% 18% 16% 0%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IV.3.5 Urban/rural area
A rural area is an area excluding adjacent buildings, schools, markets, and population living along the road. The proportion of crashes that occurred in rural areas due to Speed-related was much more than in urban area (58%, 50%), while not respecting the right of way had a higher percentage in urban area than in rural area (18%, 13%). 76% of fatal crashes occurred in rural areas.
Head-on collisions in rural areas showed a higher proportion than in urban areas (32%, 22%) while right-angle collisions had a higher proportion in urban areas than in rural areas (33%, 27%).
Figure 38: Percentage of crashes in urban and rural areas and types of collision – 2009
100% 90% 23% Head-on 32% 80% Rear-end 70% 17% Right-angle 60% 16% 50% Slide-swipe 33% 40% 23% Hit pedstrian 30% 8% 20% 9% Single vehicle collision 9% 10% 10% 3% 7% Other 0% 5% 5% Urban Rural
IV.4 Vehicle involved Information
In 2009, 18,410 vehicles were estimated to be involved in road crashes which caused at least one injured person.
IV.4.1 Type of vehicle involved
Motorcycles made up the vast majority (70%) of vehicles involved in road crashes in 2009, followed by passenger vehicles (15%) and goods vehicles (6%).
Additionally, more motorcycles were involved in road crashes at night than during the daytime (66%, 64%). Passenger vehicles were also involved in more road crashes at night than during the day (26%, 21%) in Phnom Penh, but they were involved in more daytime crashes than night crashes in the provinces (19%, 16%).
Figure 39: Estimated vehicles involved in crashes 6 – 2009
Type of transportation Number Percentage Bicycle 834 5% Motorbike 12,832 70% Passenger vehicle 2,754 15% Goods vehicle 1,186 6% Agriculture vehicle 452 2% Other 352 2% Total 18,410 100%
6 Number of vehicles were estimated based on data from both sources: traffic police and health facilities 19
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Head-on, rear-end, and right-angle collisions shared the majority of crashes among each type of vehicle. Notably, head-on and right-angle collisions shared higher proportions in motorbike crashes than in other vehicle crashes, while rear-end collisions contributed the highest in bicycle crashes. Figure 40 : Percentage of vehicle involved by type of collision – 2009
100% 18% 19% Head-on 90% 26% 25% 34% 35% 80% Rear-end 70% 36% 29% 60% 23% Right-angle 16% 19% 36% 50% Slide-swipe 40% 20% 25% 31% 25% 30% 30% Hit pedestrian 26% 13% 8% 20% 6% 9% 5% Single vehicle collision 7% 5% 10% 5% 15% 6% 12% 5% 7% 0% Other Motorbike Bicycle Passenger Goods Agriculture Other vehicle vehicle vehicle
IV.4.2 Manoeuvre of vehicle
79% of vehicles involved in crashes occurred while going straight ahead , followed by left turn (10%) and overtaking (5%). The percentage of left turn was much higher among bicycles (25%) compared to other vehicle crashes.
Figure 41: Percentage of vehicles involved in crash by maneuver of vehicle – 2009
100% Go straight 90% Left turn 80% Overtaking 70% 67% 68% 73% 60% 80% 82% 77% Right turn 50% Reversing 40% U-turn 30% Sudden start 7% 17% 20% 25% 10% Sudden stop 11% 6% 6% 10% 7% 5% 10% 6% Parking 0% Other Motorbike Bicycle Passenger Goods Agriculture Other vehicle vehicle vehicle
IV.4.3 Characteristics of vehicle
66% of vehicles involved in crashes were left-hand drive and 15% were right-hand drive. Almost 20% of passenger and goods vehicles were right-hand drive.
There was no significant difference in term of severities of crashes between left-hand drive and right-hand drive vehicles.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 42: Percentage of vehicles involved by characteristics of vehicle and severity of crash – 2009
100% 90% 30% 30% 80% 70% Fatal crash 60% Severe crash 50% 48% Slight crash 40% 54% 30% 20% 10% 16% 22% 0% Left-hand drive Right- hand drive
IV.5 Causes of crashes
A road crash can result from many causal factors. The contribution of factors in a crash is very important in the development of key action to prevent crashes and injuries. RCVIS divides causes into three categories: human error, road environment (road and weather conditions), and vehicle defects.
Generally, human errors contributed to 97% of crashes . Vehicle defects accounted for around 3.5% and road environment accounted around 2 %.
Figure 43: Percentage of crash by cause of crashes – 2009
As shown in the figure on the next page, Speed-related was the leading cause of crashes in Cambodia . It represented more than 50% of fatalities , while another 17% were caused by drunk driving . Dangerous overtaking also contributed to a high proportion (12%) among fatalities. The percentages of fatalities in speed and drunk driving were higher than percentages of crashes, which could demonstrate that a person has a higher risk of death in speed and drunk driving crashes than those due to other kinds of human errors.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 44: Percentage of crash and fatalities by caused by human error – 2009
5% Other 4% 3% Driving against flow of traffic 2% 4% Change direction without due care 3% 9% Not respect right of way 7% 13% Dangerous overtaking 14% 13% Drunk driving 18% 48% Speed related 52%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Crashes Fatalities
Speed-related shared similar proportions in day and night crashes (around 50%). Drunk driving contributed to 21% of night crashes and 9% of day crashes. Conversely, “dangerous overtaking” and “not respecting the right of way” share higher percentages during the daytime than at night.
Figure 45: Percentage of crashes during day vs. night caused by human error – 2009
100% Speed related 90% 80% Drunk driving 51% 50% 70% Dangerous overtaking 60% 50% 9% Not respect right of way 40% 21% 11% 30% Change direction without due 8% care 20% 16% 11% Driving against flow of traffic 10% 5% 6% 0% Other Day (6am-6pm) Night(6pm-6am)
Speed-related was the main factor for causing crashes in both Phnom Penh and provinces . Crashes that were due to “not respecting the right of way” had a higher proportion in Phnom Penh than in the provinces.
Speed-related, drunk driving and dangerous overtaking had larger proportions in fatal crashes, compared to severe and slight crashes, as shown in figure 46.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 46: Percentage of crashes by severity of crash and caused by human error – 2009
100% Speed related 90% 80% Drunk driving 53% 52% 47% 70% Dangerous overtaking 60%
50% 13% Not respect right of way 12% 40% 17% 7% 30% 9% Change direction without due 12% 19% 20% 15% care 7% Driving against flow of traffic 10% 0% Other Fatal crash Severe crash Slight crash
V. Motorbike riders and helmet wearing
82% of registered vehicles7 are motorbikes. 77% of casualties were motorbike riders. The number of motorbike fatalities increased by 10% compared to 2008.
Figure 47: Number of motorbike casualties by year and severity of injury – 2009
Year Fatalties Severe injuries Slight injuries Unknown Total 2006-2008 Avg 942 5,020 12,929 638 19,529 2006 749 4,110 12,924 568 18,351 2007 971 5,349 13,375 663 20,358 2008 1,107 5,600 12,489 683 19,879
2009 1,218 5,384 9,507 498 16,607
In 2009, the peak of motorbike fatalities occurred on Saturdays. Compared to 2008, the number of fatalities increased almost every day except Monday.
Figure 48: Number of motorbike fatalities by day 8, 2007 – 2009
Year Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Total 2006-2008 avg 130 106 119 124 77 225 162 942 2006 99 97 84 101 74 170 124 749 2007 133 92 134 118 76 220 198 971 2008 157 128 140 152 80 286 164 1,107 2009 142 141 172 167 98 291 207 1,218
Motorbike fatalities were suffered more in the early part of the year with a high proportion in April, which corresponds with Khmer New Year. Compared to 2008, the number of fatalities increased by 71% in March and 72% in August. Speed-related is the leading cause of motorbike casualties and fatalities (51%, 40%) . Drunk driving represented a higher percentage of motorbike fatalities than motorbike casualties (20%, 16%), followed by dangerous overtaking (14%, 10%). 83% of motorbike fatalities were suffered on straight roads, followed by curved roads (9%). Motorbike fatalities were suffered on curved roads in the provinces much more than in Phnom Penh (10%, 3%). Conversely, motorbike fatalities were suffered on X-junction roads in Phnom Penh more than in the provinces (11%, 2%).
7 Vehicle registration in 2009, Ministry of Public Work and Transport 8 Each day counts from 06:00 am to 05:59 am. 23
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
53% of motorbike fatalities were aged between 15-29 years old. Figure 49: Number of motorbike driver casualties by age category and severity of injury – 2009
Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total Age category Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 5 - 9 0 0% 1 0% 1 0% 0 0% 2 0% 10 - 14 2 0% 39 1% 54 1% 1 0% 96 1% 15 - 19 102 11% 572 15% 1007 16% 41 13% 1,722 15% 20 - 24 226 25% 991 26% 1714 27% 86 28% 3,018 26% 25 - 29 170 19% 729 19% 1307 20% 60 20% 2,267 20% 30 - 34 75 8% 328 9% 610 10% 30 10% 1,043 9% 35 - 39 88 10% 315 8% 507 8% 15 5% 925 8% 40 - 44 68 8% 263 7% 365 6% 21 7% 717 6% 45 - 49 66 7% 235 6% 316 5% 13 4% 630 6% 50 - 54 30 3% 126 3% 171 3% 11 4% 338 3% >=55 53 6% 180 5% 265 4% 13 4% 511 4% Unknown 8 1% 40 1% 60 1% 13 4% 121 1% Total 888 100% 3,819 100% 6,377 100% 304 100% 11,391 100%
Phnom Penh was the most affected by road crash casualties (19% of total motorbike casualties), followed by Kandal province (10%) and Kampong Cham province (10%). Figure 50 : Number of motorbike casualties by province and severity of injury – 2009
Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Banteay MeanChey 76 6% 298 6% 519 5% 6 1% 899 5% Battambang 54 4% 254 5% 493 5% 23 5% 824 5% Kampong Cham 150 12% 466 9% 917 10% 57 11% 1,590 10% Kampong Chhnang 41 3% 158 3% 458 5% 26 5% 683 4% Kampong Speu 44 4% 169 3% 226 2% 18 4% 457 3% Kampong Thom 59 5% 186 3% 437 5% 17 3% 699 4% Kampot 20 2% 222 4% 394 4% 31 6% 667 4% Kandal 139 11% 486 9% 945 10% 39 8% 1,609 10% Kep 2 0% 22 0% 69 1% 5 1% 98 1% Koh Kong 11 1% 45 1% 122 1% 3 1% 181 1% Kratie 36 3% 162 3% 183 2% 4 1% 385 2% Mondol Kiri 4 0% 38 1% 44 0% 34 7% 120 1% Oddar MeanChey 33 3% 114 2% 279 3% 24 5% 450 3% Pailin 2 0% 46 1% 97 1% 0 0% 145 1% Phnom Penh 208 17% 828 15% 1,973 21% 107 21% 3,116 19% Preah Sihanouk 35 3% 168 3% 175 2% 2 0% 380 2% Preah Vihear 17 1% 56 1% 167 2% 6 1% 246 1% Prey Veng 49 4% 230 4% 282 3% 9 2% 570 3% Pursat 38 3% 135 3% 143 2% 8 2% 324 2% Rotanak Kiri 18 1% 65 1% 115 1% 4 1% 202 1% Siem Reap 69 6% 745 14% 502 5% 12 2% 1,328 8% Stung Treng 12 1% 53 1% 163 2% 4 1% 232 1% Svay Rieng 56 5% 189 4% 352 4% 26 5% 623 4% Takeo 45 4% 242 4% 432 5% 27 5% 746 4% Unknown 0 0% 7 0% 20 0% 6 1% 33 0% Total 1,218 100% 5,384 100% 9,507 100% 498 100% 16,607 100%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
A large proportion of motorbike fatalities happened between 3pm to 11pm. Peaks of motorbike fatalities were noticed from 6 pm to 8 pm Figure 51: Percentage of motorbike fatalities by time category – 2009
14% 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 00:00 00:00 - 00:59 01:00 - 01:59 02:00 - 02:59 03:00 - 03:59 04:00 - 04:59 05:00 - 05:59 06:00 - 06:59 07:00 - 07:59 08:00 - 08:59 09:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 10:59 11:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 12:59 13:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 14:59 15:00 - 15:59 16:00 - 16:59 17:00 - 17:59 18:00 - 18:59 19:00 - 19:59 20:00 - 20:59 21:00 - 21:59 22:00 - 22:59 23:00 - 23:59
76% of motorbike fatalities suffered head injuries in 2009 . This percentage of head injuries decreased compared to 2008 (86%) and 2007 (84%). Figure 52: Percentage of motorbike fatalities that suffered from head injuries, 2007 – 2009
88% 86% 86% 84% 84% 82% 80% 76% 78% 76% 74% 72% 70% 2007 2008 2009
At the same time, the percentage of casualties wearing a helmet increased from 6% in 2008 to 20% in 2009. The helmet wearing rate in Phnom Penh was higher than in the provinces (25%, 18%). The wearing rate was higher among driver casualties (25%) than among passenger casualties (8%). This can be due to the fact that helmets are compulsory only for motorbike drivers and that there has been enhanced enforcement by traffic police, especially in Phnom Penh, since January 2009 but only on drivers. A research study, conducted by Handicap International Belgium, showed that the average wearing rate measured in Phnom Penh (4)9 in August 2009 was 85% among drivers and 11% among passengers. In addition, according to another study by the Ministry of Health at the end of 2009 (5), the helmet wearing rate among drivers was 65% and among passenger was 9% in 7 provinces: Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kompong Chhnang, Kompong Thom, Kandal, Siem Reap and Takeo.
9 This survey of helmet wearing was conducted by Handicap International Belgium during 6 days at the beginning of February 2009 at different times and locations to measure the effectiveness of helmet wearing awareness campaigns in 2009. 25
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
The percentage of helmet wearing among motorbike casualties seems a bit higher from July to December 2009. Figure 53: Percentage of motorcycle casualties by month category and helmet use – 2009
100% 90% 80%
70% 67% 75% 75% 72% 74% 73% 60% 81% 83% 86% 84% 89% 83% 50% 40% 30%
20% 33% 25% 25% 28% 26% 27% 10% 17% 17% 19% 14% 16% 11% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Wearing helmet Not wearing helmet
The rate of helmet wearing was higher during the daytime (22%) than at night (17%). Figure 54: Percentage of motorcycle casualties by helmet use and daytime and nighttime – 2009
100% 90% 22% 17% 80% 70% Wearing helmet 60% Not wearing helmet 50% 40% 78% 83% 30% 20% 10% 0% Day(6am-6pm) Night(6pm-6am)
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Based on the data from the Global Positioning System (GPS), several important locations were identified for better actions to prevent road crashes among motorcyclists in Phnom Penh: • Top 5 locations with the highest number of motorbike crashes o Russian Blvd, at the border of Trapeang Lvea and Ta Nhuon Village, Kakab Commune, Dangkao District o Chaom Chau street , at the border of Trapeang Thloeng and Chaom Chau Villages, Chaom Chau Commune, Dangkao District, o National road 4, at the border of Thnal Bambaek and Prey Pring Village, Chaom Chau Commune, Dangkao District, o Conner of the Russian BVLD and street 107, Mittakpheap Commune, 7 Makakra District, o At the roundabout (National road 2, Monivong Blvd and Norodom Blvd), Tonle Basak Commune, Chamkar Mon District, • Top 5 locations with the highest number of casualties that were not wearing helmets during crashes: o Monivong Blvd, Voat Phnum and Srah Chak Commune, Doun Penh District, Phnom Penh o Russian Blvd, Ta Nhuon Village, Kakab Commune, Dangkao District, Phnom Penh o Conner of street Sisovath and 148, Phsar Kandal and Chey Chumneh Commune, Doun Penh District, o Conner of street 205 and 274. Veal Vong and Tuol Svay Prey Pir Commune, Chamkar Mon 7Makara Districts, o Street Chaom Chau, Chaom Chau and Trapeang Thloeng Village, Chaom Chau Commune, Dangkao District, Figure 55: Important locations for motorbike crashes and non-helmet wearing in Phnom Penh – 2009
Legend Source: Police Data only Main Road District Boundary Location with highest number of Ruessei Keo Motorbike crashes Not wearing helmet casualties
Doun Penh Toul Kork
7 Meakkakra
Chamkar Mon Dangkao
Meanchey
N
W E
S
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
In addition, GPS was also used to identify several important locations in the provinces for motorcyclist intervention: • Top 5 locations with the highest number of motorbike crashes: o Ti Muoy Village, Smach Meanchey commune, Khemarak Phoumin krong, Koh Kong Province o Street 7 Makara, Sangkat Buon District, Preah Sihanouk Krong, Preah Sihanouk Province o National road 6+56, Sampong Svay, Phum Bei and Phum Muoy Village, Kampong Svay, Preah Ponlea Commune, Serei Saophaon Krong, Banteay Meanchey Province o Provincial road 22, Spean Thma, Trapeang Proeng, and Kandal Villages, Stung Treng Commune, Stung Treng krong , Stung Treng Province o Street Ek Reach, Mondol Pir Village, Sangkat Pir Commune, Preah Sihanouk Krong, Preah Sihanouk Province • Top 5 locations with the highest number of casualties that were not wearing helmets during crashes o Provincial road 22, Spean Thma, Trapeang Proeng and Kandal Village, Stung Treng Commune, Stung Treng krong, Stung Treng Province o National road 78, Phum Bei and Phum Muoy Village, Labansiek Commune, Ban Lung krong, Rattanak Kiri Povince o Conner of National road 6 and 56, Sampong Svay, Phum Bei and Phum Muoy Village, Kampong Svay and Preah Ponlea Commune, Serei Saophaon Krong, Banteay Meanchey Province o National road 5, Anlong Vil and Beng Village, Anlong Vil commune, Sangkae District, Battambang Province o Conner of National road 21B and 115, Preaek Samroang Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Provice
Figure 56: Important locations for motorbike crashes and not wearing helmet in the provinces – 2009
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
VI. Speed related
Speed-related was the main cause of crashes and casualties in Cambodia. In 2009, 8,476 casualties were injured in speed related crashes. Among them, 839 (10%) were fatalities and 3,285 (35%) were severe injuries. Compared to 2008, the number of fatalities increased by 3%. Figure 57: Number of casualties by severity of injury caused by Speed-related, 2006 – 2009
Year Fatalities Severe injuries Slight injuries Unknown Total 2006-2008 avg 731 3,264 7,460 367 11,822 2006 614 2,543 6,842 332 10,331 2007 762 3,481 8,036 423 12,702 2008 818 3,767 7,502 346 12,433 2009 839 3,285 4,253 99 8,476 The peak of fatalities caused by Speed-related was noticed from 6 pm to 8 pm. Figure 58: Percentage of fatality by time caused by Speed-related – 2009
12% 11%
10% 8% 8% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1%
0% 00:00 00:00 - 00:59 01:00 - 01:59 02:00 - 02:59 03:00 - 03:59 04:00 - 04:59 05:00 - 05:59 06:00 - 06:59 07:00 - 07:59 08:00 - 08:59 09:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 10:59 11:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 12:59 13:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 14:59 15:00 - 15:59 16:00 - 16:59 17:00 - 17:59 18:00 - 18:59 19:00 - 19:59 20:00 - 20:59 21:00 - 21:59 22:00 - 22:59 23:00 - 23:59
The number of fatalities caused by Speed-related increased from year to year since 2006. Compared to the 2006- 2008 average, number of fatalities increased almost every month except for July and November. Figure 59: Number of fatalities by month category caused by Speed-related 2007 – 2009
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2007 2008 2009
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
High percentages of fatalities due to Speed-related were noticed on Saturday and Sunday (23%, 16%). The following figure depicts that the percentage of fatalities on Saturday suffered at night was more than during the daytime (31%, 15%). The highest proportion was observed on Saturday night. Figure 60 : Percentage of casualties by day of week caused by Speed-related – 2009
100% 12% 90% 15% Mon 13% 80% 14% Tue 70% 12% 14% 60% Wed 15% 50% 15% Thu 40% 14% Fri 30% 28% 20% 12% Sat 10% 16% 17% Sun 0% Day(6am-5:59pm) Night(6pm-5:59am)
Motorbikes contributed to the biggest proportion of fatalities in speed related crashes. The highest percentages were observed among 15-29 year old fatalities. Children less than 15 years old suffered the most as pedestrians in speed related crashes. A large proportion of bicyclist fatalities was noticed among young teenagers (10-14 years old). Figure 61: Percentage of fatalities by age and type of transportation caused by Speed-related – 2009
100% 6% 14% 90% Motorbike 80% 42% 50% Pedestrian 70% 59% 67% 48% 73% 71% Bicycle 60% 80% 81% 82% 79% 50% 85% Passenger vehicle 40% 37% Goods vehicle 30% 38% 19% 19% 13% 7% 8% 20% 5% Agriculture vehicle 10% 6% 5% 5% 5% 7% 14% 11% 11% 10% 6% 4% 11% 5% 6% 5% 15% 7% 5% Other 0% 5% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
A high proportion of fatalities caused by Speed-related was noticed on straight roads in both Phnom Penh and the provinces, but it is important to note that Speed-related caused more fatalities at X-junctions in Phnom Penh than in the provinces (13%, 2%). Conversely, fatalities due to Speed-related showed higher percentages in the provinces than in Phnom Penh (9%, 4%).
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Phnom Penh was the most affected by road crashes due to speed-related (16%), followed by Siem Reap Province (12%) and Kampong Cham province (9%). Figure 62: Number of casualties by province and severity of injury caused by Speed-related – 2009
Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Banteay MeanChey 47 6% 145 4% 251 6% 0 0% 443 5% Battambang 52 6% 145 4% 276 6% 8 8% 481 6% Kampong Cham 99 12% 277 8% 387 9% 7 7% 770 9% Kampong Chhnang 37 4% 99 3% 200 5% 2 2% 338 4% Kampong Speu 29 3% 82 2% 81 2% 1 1% 193 2% Kampong Thom 51 6% 100 3% 127 3% 1 1% 279 3% Kampot 23 3% 184 6% 204 5% 2 2% 413 5% Kandal 74 9% 215 7% 399 9% 12 12% 700 8% Kep 2 0% 12 0% 29 1% 3 3% 46 1% Koh Kong 14 2% 44 1% 72 2% 2 2% 132 2% Kratie 44 5% 131 4% 113 3% 1 1% 289 3% Mondol Kiri 5 1% 22 1% 29 1% 4 4% 60 1% Oddar MeanChey 27 3% 54 2% 124 3% 3 3% 208 2% Pailin 0 0% 14 0% 25 1% 0 0% 39 0% Phnom Penh 96 11% 436 13% 831 20% 24 24% 1387 16% Preah Sihanouk 23 3% 107 3% 83 2% 1 1% 214 3% Preah Vihear 11 1% 30 1% 47 1% 1 1% 89 1% Prey Veng 42 5% 169 5% 179 4% 3 3% 393 5% Pursat 53 6% 147 4% 168 4% 6 6% 374 4% Rotanak Kiri 6 1% 22 1% 23 1% 0 0% 51 1% Siem Reap 55 7% 627 19% 312 7% 7 7% 1001 12% Stung Treng 5 1% 47 1% 98 2% 1 1% 151 2% Svay Rieng 18 2% 72 2% 83 2% 1 1% 174 2% Takeo 26 3% 103 3% 111 3% 9 9% 249 3% Unknown 0 0% 1 0% 1 0% 0 0% 2 0% Total 839 100% 3285 100% 4253 100% 99 100% 8476 100%
Based on the data from the Global Positioning System (GPS), several important locations were identified as the highest in fatalities and crashes due to speed-related in Phnom Penh: • Top 3 locations identified as the highest numbers of speed related crashes: o Street 110, Ta Nguon Village, Kakab Communce, Dangkao District, o Norodom Blvd and street 310, Boeng Keng Kang 1 Communce, Chamkar Mon District, o Street 271, Tumnob Tuek Commune, Chamkar Mon District,
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 63: “Blackspot” locations of fatalities caused by speed-related in Phnom Penh – 2009
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Based on the data from the Global Positioning System (GPS), several important locations were identified as the highest fatalities and crashes due to Speed-related in provinces: • Top 5 locations identified as highest speed related crashes: o Street 7Makara, Sangkat 4 Commune, Preah Sihanouk Krong, Preah Sihanouk Province o National road 5, Prey Svay, Boeng Khnar, Khnach Romeas, and Daeum Chres Village, Boeng Khnar Commune, Bakan District, Pursat Province o Street Ek Reach, Mondol Pir Village, Sangkat 2 Commune, Preah Sihanouk Krong, Preah Sihanouk Province o National road 5, Baliley Village, Paoy Paet Commune, Paoy Paet Krong, Banteay Meanchey Province o National road 5, Ou Ta Paong Village, Ou Ta Paong Commune, Bakan District, Pursat Province
Figure 64: “Blackspot” locations of fatalities caused by speed-related in the provinces – 2009
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
VII. Drunk Driving
Drunk driving is the second major cause of road crashes and casualties in Cambodia. 2009 saw 2,353 casualties due to drunk driving. Among them, 284 (12%) were fatalities and 797 (34%) resulted in severe injuries. Compared to 2008, the number of fatalities remained the same. Figure 65: Number of casualties by severity of injury caused by drunk driving – 2009
Year Fatalities Severe injuries Slight injuries Unknown Total 2006-2008 avg 271 932 2,675 119 3,997 2006 243 920 3,083 133 4,379 2007 287 956 2,750 113 4,106 2008 284 920 2,192 111 3,507 2009 284 797 1,247 25 2,353
Most of the fatalities from drunk driving crashes happened from 6pm to 11.59pm. Peaks were observed between 6pm to 8pm. Figure 66: Percentage of fatalities by time caused by drunk driving– 2009
16% 14% 14% 14% 12% 12% 10% 10% 8% 8% 8% 6% 5% 6% 4% 4% 3% 3% 4% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 00:00 00:00 - 00:59 01:00 - 01:59 02:00 - 02:59 07:00 - 07:59 08:00 - 08:59 09:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 10:59 11:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 12:59 13:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 14:59 15:00 - 15:59 16:00 - 16:59 17:00 - 17:59 18:00 - 18:59 19:00 - 19:59 20:00 - 20:59 21:00 - 21:59 22:00 - 22:59 23:00 - 23:59
The highest percentages of fatalities due to drunk driving were noticed on Saturday and Sunday nights. Figure 67: Percentage of casualties by day and night caused by drunk driving– 2009
100% 12% 90% 15% Mon 14% 80% 16% Tue 70% 12% 11% 60% Wed 17% 50% 17% Thu 40% 15% Fri 30% 27% 20% 13% Sat 10% 13% 17% Sun 0% Day(6am-5:59pm) Night(6pm-5:59am)
Among people older than 29 years old, there were more fatalities than injuries in drunk driving crashes. 34
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Around half of injured road users and fatalities aged between 15-29 years old. Figure 68: Percentage of casualties (injured and fatalities) in drunk driving crashes– 2009
30% 28%
25% 23% 19% 20% 16% 15% 13% 12% 10% 9% 9% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 6% 7% 4% 5% 3% 3% 1% 1%2% 1% 2% 1% 0% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
Injured Fatalities
20-34 year old fatalities represented a higher proportion in Phnom Penh than in the provinces while fatalities aged between 15-19 years old and between 45-49 years old had higher proportions in the provinces than in Phnom Penh. In drunk driving crashes, most of the fatalities were motorbike riders. All of 5-9 year old fatalities were motorbike riders and all of 0-4 year old fatalities were pedestrians. Motorbike riders and bicyclists shared equally among 10-14 year old fatalities. Figure 69: Percentage of fatalities by age and type of transportation caused by drunk driving– 2009
100% 90% Motorbike 80% 50% 47% Pedestrian 70% 74% 78% Bicycle 60% 86% 90% 89% 89% 92% 88% 50% 100% 100% Passenger vehicle 40% 37% Goods vehicle 30% 50% 20% 9% Agriculture vehicle 11% 10% 6% 9% 11% 5% 8% 11% Other 0% 5% 5% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
High proportions of drunk driving fatalities were noticed on straight roads in Phnom Penh and in the provinces. Additionally, fatalities on curved roads had a higher percentage in the provinces than in Phnom Penh (9%, 4%). 86% of fatalities in the districts that form the outskirts of Phnom Penh were killed on straight roads, compared to 54% in central districts. 27% of fatalities in central districts were killed at X-junctions.
Phnom Penh, Kampong Cham and Siem Reap contributed to the highest numbers of fatalities in drunk driving crashes.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 70 : Number of casualties by province and severity of injury caused by drunk driving – 2009
Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Banteay MeanChey 21 7% 50 6% 61 5% 1 4% 133 6% Battambang 12 4% 32 4% 81 6% 2 8% 127 5% Kampong Cham 52 18% 113 14% 164 13% 4 16% 333 14% Kampong Chhnang 3 1% 25 3% 47 4% 1 4% 76 3% Kampong Speu 0 0% 6 1% 13 1% 0 0% 19 1% Kampong Thom 6 2% 16 2% 23 2% 0 0% 45 2% Kampot 3 1% 23 3% 31 2% 1 4% 58 2% Kandal 27 10% 55 7% 106 9% 1 4% 189 8% Kep 0 0% 1 0% 9 1% 0 0% 10 0% Koh Kong 4 1% 11 1% 23 2% 0 0% 38 2% Kratie 11 4% 24 3% 19 2% 0 0% 54 2% Mondol Kiri 0 0% 2 0% 3 0% 0 0% 5 0% Oddar MeanChey 4 1% 19 2% 29 2% 0 0% 52 2% Pailin 0 0% 12 2% 9 1% 0 0% 21 1% Phnom Penh 40 14% 108 14% 190 15% 4 16% 342 15% Preah Sihanouk 5 2% 23 3% 38 3% 2 8% 68 3% Preah Vihear 7 2% 15 2% 25 2% 0 0% 47 2% Prey Veng 10 4% 19 2% 32 3% 1 4% 62 3% Pursat 7 2% 11 1% 21 2% 0 0% 39 2% Rotanak Kiri 6 2% 12 2% 11 1% 0 0% 29 1% Siem Reap 16 6% 113 14% 131 11% 4 16% 264 11% Stung Treng 2 1% 5 1% 13 1% 1 4% 21 1% Svay Rieng 35 12% 57 7% 85 7% 1 4% 178 8% Takeo 13 5% 45 6% 82 7% 2 8% 142 6% Unknown 0 0% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0% 1 0% Total 284 100% 797 100% 1247 100% 25 100% 2353 100%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Based on the data from the Global Positioning System (GPS), several important locations were identified as blackspots for the highest number of fatalities in drunk driving crashes in Phnom Penh: • Top 3 locations identified as highest drunk driving crashes o Street 110, Ta Nguon Village, Kakab Commune, DangKao District, o Street 110, Srah Chak Commune, Doun Penh District, o Corner of street 245 and 93, Boeng Keng Kong 1 Commune, Chamkar Mon District. Figure 71: Blackspot location of fatalities caused by drunk driving in Phnom Penh – 2009
Legend Source: Police Data only
Main Road Ruessei Keo District Boundary Location with highest number of
Drunk driving crashes
Doun Penh Toul Kork
7 Meakkakra
Chamkar Mon Dangkao
Meanchey
N
W E
S
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Based on the data from the Global Positioning System (GPS), several important locations were identified as blackspots for the highest numbers of fatalities in drunk driving crashes in provinces: • Top 6 locations identified as highest drunk driving crashes: o National road 5, Anlong Vil and Beng Village, Anlong Vil commune, Sangkae District, Battambang Province o Provincial road, Phum Ti Muoy Village, Smach Meanchey Commune, Khemarak Phoumin Krong, Koh Kong Province o Minor road, Andoung Pou and La Edth Village, Kampong Pranak Commune, Preah Vihear Krong, Preah Vihear Province o Provincial road, Voat Village, Kracheh Commune, Kracheh Krong, Kratie Province o Street 334, Tarang Bal and Me Phleung Villages, Koy Trabaek and Svay Rieng Commune, Svay Rieng Krong, Svay Rieng Province o Provincial road 211, Ta Khmau Village, Ta Khmau Commue, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province
Figure 72: Blackspot location of fatalities caused by drunk driving in the provinces – 2009
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
VIII. Pedestrians
Without helmet, seat belt or other means of protection, pedestrians are very vulnerable. In 2009, 1,635 pedestrian were injured or killed. Among them, 215 (13%) were fatalities and 589 (36%) received severe injuries. Compared to 2008, pedestrian fatalities increased by 4%. The number of fatalities has been increasing since 2006. Figure 73: Number of pedestrian casualties by severity of injury, 2006–2009
Year Fatalities Severe injuries Slight injuries Unknown Total 2006-2008 avg 204 568 1,183 79 2,034 2006 198 582 1,162 119 2,061 2007 206 585 1,260 71 2,122 2008 207 537 1,127 48 1,919 2009 215 589 790 41 1,635 More than half of pedestrians were killed from 3pm to midnight. A peak was observed between 3pm to 4pm. Figure 74: Number of pedestrian fatalities by time 10% 9% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 00:59 - 00:00 00:00 01:00 - 01:59 02:00 - 02:59 03:00 - 03:59 04:00 - 04:59 05:00 - 05:59 06:00 - 06:59 07:00 - 07:59 08:00 - 08:59 09:00 - 09:59 10:00 - 10:59 11:00 - 11:59 12:00 - 12:59 13:00 - 13:59 14:00 - 14:59 15:00 - 15:59 16:00 - 16:59 17:00 - 17:59 18:00 - 18:59 19:00 - 19:59 20:00 - 20:59 21:00 - 21:59 22:00 - 22:59 23:00 - 23:59
Compared to 2008, the number of pedestrian fatalities increased the most in July (60%) and October (38%) but decreased in December (45%). Figure 75: Number of pedestrian fatalities by month category, 2007–2009 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2007 2008 2009
Age distributions of pedestrian fatalities were much different from age distributions among overall fatalities. A high percentage of pedestrians were injured or died among the 0-9 years old category (42%, 30%).
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
A peak of fatalities was noticed among people older than 55 years (24%), while the percentage of injuries was only 11%. This showed a high probability of death among elderly once they were hit in road crashes. Figure 76: Percentage of pedestrians injured and fatalities by age category – 2009 30% 28% 24% 25% 21% 20% 14% 15% 11% 9% 9% 10% 8% 7% 7% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 5% 4% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3%
0% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
Injured Fatalities
Proportions of child pedestrian fatalities (less than 10 years old) and elderly (older than 55 years old) in the provinces were much more than in Phnom Penh (57%, 30%) while 20-29 year old pedestrian fatalities in Phnom Penh were much higher than in the provinces (42%, 13%). Figure 77: Percentage of pedestrian fatalities by age category and location – 2009 100% 6% 9% 90% 6% 0-4 5-9 80% 12% 23% 10-14 15-19 70% 18% 60% 5% 8% 20-24 25-29 50% 24% 5% 40% 30-34 35-39 30% 20% 40-44 45-49 10% 25% 18% 50-54 >=55 0% Phnom Penh Provinces
More than 70% of pedestrians were killed along national roads, and another 13% along local roads.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Speed-related was the leading cause of pedestrian injuries and fatalities (61%, 66%), followed by drunk driving. Figure 78: Percentage of pedestrians injured and killed by human error – 2009
7% Other 8% 1% Driving againt flow of traffic 1% 6% Change direction without due care 5% 8% Not respect right of way 7% 4% Dangerous overtaking 2% 13% Drunk driving 11% 61% Speed related 66%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Injured Fatalities
Kandal, Kampong Cham and Phnom Penh contributed to the highest proportions among other provinces. Figure 79: Number of pedestrian casualties by province and severity of injury – 2009 Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Banteay MeanChey 19 9% 43 7% 31 4% 1 2% 94 6% Battambang 17 8% 46 8% 35 4% 7 17% 105 6% Kampong Cham 22 10% 51 9% 101 13% 0 0% 174 11% Kampong Chhnang 4 2% 14 2% 38 5% 2 5% 58 4% Kampong Speu 5 2% 7 1% 15 2% 1 2% 28 2% Kampong Thom 17 8% 21 4% 47 6% 1 2% 86 5% Kampot 3 1% 24 4% 39 5% 3 7% 69 4% Kandal 35 16% 53 9% 92 12% 2 5% 182 11% Kep 1 0% 4 1% 6 1% 0 0% 11 1% Koh Kong 4 2% 9 2% 4 1% 0 0% 17 1% Kratie 7 3% 29 5% 14 2% 0 0% 50 3% Mondol Kiri 0 0% 7 1% 6 1% 5 12% 18 1% Oddar MeanChey 6 3% 17 3% 29 4% 1 2% 53 3% Pailin 0 0% 8 1% 4 1% 0 0% 12 1% Phnom Penh 18 8% 83 14% 174 22% 8 20% 283 17% Preah Sihanouk 3 1% 21 4% 6 1% 1 2% 31 2% Preah Vihear 1 0% 6 1% 5 1% 0 0% 12 1% Prey Veng 11 5% 20 3% 23 3% 1 2% 55 3% Pursat 14 7% 21 4% 19 2% 0 0% 54 3% Rotanak Kiri 0 0% 4 1% 2 0% 0 0% 6 0% Siem Reap 11 5% 36 6% 26 3% 2 5% 75 5% Stung Treng 1 0% 3 1% 5 1% 0 0% 9 1% Svay Rieng 8 4% 23 4% 26 3% 2 5% 59 4% Takeo 8 4% 39 7% 41 5% 4 10% 92 6% Unknown 0 0% 0 0% 2 0% 0 0% 2 0% Total 215 100% 589 100% 790 100% 41 100% 1635 100%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
RCVIS identified 2 locations with the highest numbers of pedestrian casualties in Phnom Penh: National road 5, Kraol Kou Village, Kilomet 6 Commune, Ruessei Kaev District, Phnom Penh Monireth Blvd, Phneat and Damnak Thum Village, Stueng Meanchey Commune, Mean Chey District, Phnom Penh Figure 80: Blackspot locations for pedestrian casualties in Phnom Penh – 2009
Legend Source: Police Data only
Main Road
Ruessei Keo District Boundary Location with highest number of
Pedestrian casualties
Doun Penh Toul Kork
7 Meakkakra
Chamkar Mon Dangkao
Meanchey
N
W E
S
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Anthother location was also identified with the highest number of pedestrian casualties in Banteay Meanchey Province: National road 5, at the border of Baliley and Kbal Spean Village, Paoy Paet Commune, Paoy Paet Krong, Banteay Meanchey Province. Figure 81: Blackspot locations for pedestrian casualties in the Province – 2009
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IX. Blackspot
From July 2006, Handicap International Belgium and the Ministry of Interior decided to introduce Global Position System (GPS) devices to the traffic police in all provinces. The GPS technology can identify road crash locations on the Cambodian Road Network easily, quickly and accurately by using Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping. The data has been used to identify locations that have the highest numbers of crashes, deaths or injuries and to understand the nature of crashes. The system also helps to develop priority actions to improve the physical condition or management of hazardous locations by implementing appropriate solutions at these locations. The term “blackspot” in this report has been defined as a section on the road that has the highest number of road crashes/fatalities/casualties in one year period, in a selected area, such as Phnom Penh or the provinces. Based on this definition, blackspots were identified in Phnom Penh, Kampong Cham, Kandal and Siem Reap. IX.1 Phnom Penh The map below presents high risk locations for motorbike crashes, pedestrian casualties, student casualties, drunk driving crashes, speed related crashes and not wearing helmet casualties. Figure 82: All blackspot locations in Phnom Penh – 2009
Legend Source: Police Data only Main Road District Boundary Location with highest number of Ruessei Keo Motorbike crashes Pedestrian casualties Student casualties Drunk driving crashes Speeding-related crashes
Doun Penh Not wearing helmet casualties Toul Kork
7 Meakkakra
Chamkar Mon Dangkao
Meanchey
N
W E
S
IX.2 Kampong Cham Locations below were identified as blackspots in Kampong Cham: • Locations with the highest number of motorbike crashes: ο National road 71, Thnal Baek Village, Svay Teab Commune, Chamkar Leu District, Kampong Cham province.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
ο National road 71, Sameakki Village, Bos Khnaor Commune, Chamkar Leu District, Kampong Cham Province. ο National road 7, Andoung Chraoh Village, Ampil Commune, Kampong Siem District, Kampong Cham province. ο National road 7, Phum Pram and Phum Buon Village, Veal Vong Commune, Kampong Cham District, Kampong Cham Province. ο National road 7, Phum Pram and Slab Kdaong Village, Veal Vong and Chob Commune, Kampong Cham and Thoung Khmum District, Kampong Cham Province • Locations with the highest number of student casualties ο National road 7, Andoung Chraoh Village, Ampil Commune, Kampong Siem District, Kampong Cham province. • Locations with the highest number of not-wearing helmet casualties ο National road 71, Thnal Baek Village, Svay Teab Commune, Chamkar Leu District, Kampong Cham province ο National road 71, Sameakki Village, Bos Khnaor Commune, Chamkar Leu District, Kampong Cham Province ο National road 7, Andoung Chraoh Village, Ampil Commune, Kampong Siem District, Kampong Cham province ο National road 7, Phum Pram and Slab Kdaong Village, Veal Vong and Chob Commune, Kampong Cham and Thoung Khmum District, Kampong Cham Province • Locations with the highest number of speed related crashes ο National road 71, Ta Ong Village, Ta Ong Commune, Chamkar Leu District, Kampong Cham Province. ο National road 7, Phum Pram and Phum Buon Village, Veal Vong Commune, Kampong Cham District, Kampong Cham Province Figure 83: All blackspot locations in Kampong Cham – 2009
N Legend Source: Police Data only Main National Road W E 6 National Road Number District Boundary Location with highest number of Stueng Trang S Motorbike crashes
Student casualties Chamkar Leu Speeding related crashes Not wearing helmet casualties
6 Krouch Chhmar Cheung Prey
Batheay Prey Chhor Kampong Siem Dambae 7
6 Tboung Khmum Kampong Cham
Kang Meas Kaoh Soutin Memot
Srei Santhor Ou Reang Ov 7 Ponnea Kraek
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IX.3 Kandal Locations below were identified as blackspots in Kandal: • Locations with highest number of motorbike fatalities: ο Nationalr road 4, Prey Boeng Village, Kantoak Commune, Angk Snuol District, Kandal province ο National road 4, Peuk Commune, Angk Snuol District, Kandal province ο National road 21B, Preaek Samroang Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal province ο National road 2, Daeum Mien Village, Daeum Mien Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province ο National road 1, Khsom Village, Banteay Daek Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province • Locations with highest number of student casualties ο Provincial road, Ta Khmau Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province ο Conner of Provincial road 201 and 110, Thmei Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province • Locations with highest number of not-wearing helmet casualties ο National road 21B, Preaek Samroang Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal province ο National road 2, Daeum Mien Village, Daeum Mien Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province ο National road 8, Anlong Village, Preaek Ta Mak Commune, Khsach Kandal District, Kandal Province ο National road 1, Preaek Cheang Prum Village, Veal Sbov Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province ο National road 1, Khsom Village, Banteay Daek Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province ο National road 2, Preaek Hou Village, Preaek Hou Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province • Locations with highest number of speed related crashes ο Conner of National road 2 and provincial road 120, Kandal Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province ο National road 1, Kbal Chrouy Village, Kampong Phnum Commune, Leuk Daek District, Kandal Province ο Provincial road, Preaek Chrey Village, Spean Thma Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province ο National road 2, Ta Khmau Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province ο Conner of Provincial road 201 and 110, Thmei Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal Province • Locations with highest number of drunk driving crashes ο Provincial road 211, Ta Khmau Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau Krong, Kandal province
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Figure 84: All blackspot locations in Kandal – 2009
6 Mukh Kampul Ponhea Lueu 5 8 Khsach Kandal
Angk Snoul Lvea Aem
1 4
Ta Khmau Kien Svay
3 Kandal Stueng 2
N S’ang
W E
Leuk Daek S
Legend Source: Police Data only Main National Road 6 National Road Number District Boundary Kaoh Thum Location with highest number of Motorbike crashes
Student casualties Drunk driving crashes Speeding related crashes Not wearing helmet casualties
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
IX.4 Siem Reap
Locations below were identified as blackspots in Siem Reap: • Locations with highest number of motorbike crashes: ο National road 6, Chong Kausur Village, Sla Kram Commune, Siem Reap Krong, Siem Reap Province ο National road 6, Khuos Village, Svay Dangkum Commune, Siem Reap Krong, Siem Reap Province ο National road 6, Banteay Chas Village, Sla Kram Commune, Siem Reap Krong, Siem Reap Province • Locations with highest number of not-wearing helmet casualties ο National road 6, Chong Kausur Village, Sla Kram Commune, Siem Reap Krong, Siem Reap ο National road 6, Banteay Chas Village, Sla Kram Commune, Siem Reap Krong, Siem Reap Province • Locations with highest number of speed related crashes ο National road 6, Chong Kausur Village, Sla Kram Commune, Siem Reap Krong, Siem Reap Province ο National road 6, Chamreh Village, Spean Tnaot Commune, Chi Kraeng District, Siem Reap Province Figure 85: All blackspot locations in Siem Reap – 2009
Srei Snam Varin N
W E Angkor Chum Svay Leu
Kralanh S Angkor Thum
Banteay Srei
Puok
Prasat Bakong 6 Siem Reap Soutr Nikom Legend Source: Police Data only Chi Kraeng Main National Road 6 National Road Number District Boundary Location with highest number of Motorbike crashes
Speeding related crashes Not wearing helmet casualties
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Tables
1. Evolution of data during the years10
2008 2009 Crash information Phnom Penh Provinces Country level Phnom Penh Provinces Country level Number of crashes 1,202 8,813 10,015 2,116 10,422 12,538 Number of vehicle involved 4,791 16,514 21,305 3,140 15,270 18,410 Percentage of vehicle involved Bicycle 4% 186 5% 805 5% 991 3% 101 5% 733 5% 834 Motorbike 83% 3,852 70% 11,526 72% 15,378 73% 2,302 69% 10,530 70% 12,832 Passenger vehicle 10% 466 14% 2,302 13% 2,768 15% 456 15% 2,298 15% 2,754 Good vehicle 4% 176 7% 1,162 6% 1,338 7% 212 6% 974 6% 1,186 Agriculture vehicle 0% 0 2% 307 1% 307 0% 0 3% 452 2% 452 Other 2% 111 2% 412 2% 523 2% 69 2% 283 2% 352 Day of accident Percentage of crashes occured during the weekend (from Friday 6 pm to Sunday midnight) 43% 517 35% 3,085 36% 3,601 43% 915 35% 3,668 37% 4,582 Time of accident Percentage of crashes occured during nighttime 57% 685 28% 2,468 31% 3,153 66% 1,396 35% 4,085 44% 5,481 (from 6 pm to 5.59 am) Peak(s) of accident 10pm-12pm 6pm-8pm 7pm-8pm 11pm-12pm 6pm-7pm 6pm-7pm Cause of accident Percentage of crashes occurred due to human error 99% 1,190 98% 8,637 98% 9,827 99% 2,089 97% 10,084 97% 12,173 High speed 44% 529 48% 4,230 48% 4,759 46% 965 52% 5,195 49% 6,160 Alcohol abuse 14% 168 14% 1,234 14% 1,402 14% 287 14% 1,375 13% 1,661 Non respect of rights of way rules 20% 240 13% 1,146 14% 1,386 16% 333 13% 1,349 13% 1,682 Dangerous overtaking 10% 120 10% 881 10% 1,002 11% 236 9% 941 9% 1,177 Changing lane without due care 4% 48 8% 705 8% 753 4% 93 4% 429 4% 522 Driving against flow of traffic 4% 48 2% 176 2% 224 5% 97 3% 255 3% 352 Other 3% 36 3% 264 3% 300 4% 78 5% 540 5% 618 Percentage of crashes due to vehicle defect 1% 12 2% 176 2% 188 1% 32 3% 312 3% 344 Percentage of crashes due to road conditions 0% 0 4% 353 4% 353 0% 0 2% 212 2% 212 Percentage of crashes due to weather conditions 1% 12 1% 88 1% 100 0% 0 0.38% 40 0.32% 40 Type of collision Head-on 32% 385 25% 2,203 26% 2,588 45% 948 26% 2,751 30% 3,699 Rear-end 10% 120 16% 1,410 15% 1,530 11% 224 17% 1,742 16% 1,966 Right-angle 32% 385 27% 2,380 28% 2,764 23% 485 26% 2,691 25% 3,176 Side-swipe 5% 60 11% 969 10% 1,030 5% 106 8% 878 8% 984 Fell alone 1% 12 6% 529 5% 541 1% 22 6% 637 5% 659 Hit pedestrain 5% 60 7% 617 7% 677 8% 169 9% 941 9% 1,110 Hit and Run crashes 27% 325 22% 2,058 24% 2,382 29% 608 24% 2,456 24% 3,064 Percentage of four-wheeled vehicles with Left-hand-drive 72% 298 62% 1,486 63% 1,784 74% 494 62% 2,029 64% 2,523 Right-hand-drive 8% 31 22% 534 20% 566 6% 40 17% 556 15% 596 Percentage of crashes occurred in urban areas 27% 325 22% 1,939 23% 2,263 23% 494 35% 3,620 33% 4,113 Type of road Percentage of crashes occurring on national roads 21% 252 63% 5,552 58% 5,805 24% 508 63% 6,576 57% 7,084 Percentage of crashes occuring on provincial 0% 0 13% 1,146 11% 1,146 0% 0 13% 1,340 11% 1,340 roads Percentage of crashes occuring on local/track 1% 12 18% 1,586 16% 1,598 1% 30 18% 1,851 15% 1,881 roads Percentage of accident occuring on paved roads 98% 1,178 75% 6,610 78% 7,788 99% 2,097 79% 8,234 82% 10,332 Characteristics by type of road Percentage of crashes occuring on straight roads 73% 877 77% 6,786 77% 7,663 68% 1,439 79% 8,271 77% 9,710 Percentage of crashes occuring on junctions (X, T, 25% 301 14% 1,234 15% 1,534 29% 588 11% 1,158 14% 1,746 Y- junctions and roundabout) Percentage of crashes occuring on curves 1% 12 8% 705 7% 717 2% 41 7% 781 7% 821
10 The numbers of crashes and vehicles involved for 2008 and 2009 were estimated based on data from both sources: traffic police and health facilities. 49
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
2008 2009 Victim information Phnom Penh Provinces Country level Phnom Penh Provinces Country level Number of casualties 6,137 19,659 25,796 3,620 17,899 21,519 Severity of injuries Percentage of deaths 5% 297 7% 1,341 6% 1,638 7% 243 8% 1,474 8% 1,717 Percentage of severely injured casualties (requiring 21% 1,321 30% 5,914 28% 7,235 26% 958 34% 6,064 33% 7,022 chirurgical intervention of ICU) Percentage of slight injury casualties 70% 4,287 62% 11,698 62% 15,985 63% 2,281 55% 9,837 56% 12,117 Percentage of gender Male 73% 4,470 74% 14,468 73% 18,938 73% 2,633 73% 13,108 73% 15,741 Female 27% 1,640 26% 5,092 26% 6,732 27% 968 27% 4,896 27% 5,864 Percentage of casualities' age 0-4 3% 203 3% 587 3% 790 3% 115 2% 446 3% 561 5-9 5% 278 5% 859 4% 1,137 3% 123 4% 731 4% 854 10-14 3% 194 3% 606 3% 800 3% 104 4% 661 4% 765 15-19 9% 556 11% 2,060 10% 2,616 13% 476 15% 2,729 15% 3,205 20-24 21% 1,281 18% 3,532 19% 4,813 26% 954 21% 3,841 22% 4,795 25-29 29% 1,775 24% 4,608 25% 6,383 22% 779 15% 2,738 16% 3,517 30-34 9% 514 7% 1,398 7% 1,912 9% 339 8% 1,420 8% 1,759 35-39 6% 376 8% 1,497 7% 1,873 6% 213 7% 1,251 7% 1,464 40-44 5% 272 6% 1,188 6% 1,460 4% 137 6% 1,086 6% 1,223 >=45 10% 602 15% 3,065 14% 3,667 9% 341 16% 2,789 15% 3,130 Percentage of type of road user Drivers 62% 3,785 56% 10,918 57% 14,703 24% 881 58% 10,417 53% 11,298 Passengers 30% 1,840 35% 6,941 34% 8,781 67% 2,434 32% 5,787 38% 8,221 Pedestrains 7% 437 8% 1,482 7% 1,919 8% 277 8% 1,358 8% 1,635 Percentage of casualties by type of transport Motorbike riders 84% 5,167 75% 14,712 77% 19,879 84% 3,049 76% 13,558 77% 16,607 Passenger vehicle riders 3% 173 7% 1,314 6% 1,507 3% 96 6% 1,097 6% 1,193 Good vehicle riders 1% 39 3% 574 2% 613 1% 27 3% 522 3% 549 Bicycle riders 4% 218 4% 824 4% 1,042 3% 101 4% 748 4% 849 Percentage of casualties occupation Students 34% 1,875 20% 3,721 22% 5,596 26% 951 19% 3,356 20% 4,307 Farmers 3% 147 34% 6,327 25% 6,474 4% 140 34% 6,072 29% 6,212 Workers 28% 1,562 18% 3,327 19% 4,889 8% 295 16% 2,836 15% 3,131 House keepers 7% 409 4% 810 5% 1,219 7% 271 4% 647 4% 918 Vendors/small businesses owners 8% 460 5% 919 5% 1,379 8% 284 5% 872 5% 1,156 Childs 4% 203 3% 592 3% 795 4% 148 3% 609 4% 757 Motorbike taxis 4% 221 3% 589 3% 810 4% 146 3% 461 3% 607 Time to transfer casualties to hospital Less than 10 minute after the accident 4% 168 2% 190 3% 358 9% 213 4% 298 5% 511 Between 10 and 30 minutes after the accident 48% 2,269 23% 2,105 37% 4,374 39% 924 25% 1,956 28% 2,880 Between 30 minutes and 1 hour after the accident 18% 871 15% 1,332 16% 2,203 19% 440 15% 1,163 16% 1,603 Between 1 hour and 2 hours after the accident 13% 612 16% 1,395 13% 2,007 14% 333 16% 1,262 16% 1,595 More than 2 hours after the accident 17% 834 44% 3,994 31% 4,828 19% 437 40% 3,139 35% 3,576 Ways to transfer casualties to hospital By ambulance 29% 1,445 26% 2,627 27% 4,072 84% 1,154 54% 4,517 58% 5,671 By their private transportation 65% 3,221 64% 6,537 64% 9,758 2% 28 35% 2,929 31% 2,957
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
2. Trend of population, registered vehicles, and fatalities by years
Fatalities Fatalities per Fatalities per 10,000 Year Population Registered vehicles Fatalities (average per day) 100,000 population registered vehicle
1998 11437656 277211 102 0.3 0.9 3.7 1999 11623304 304918 196 0.5 1.7 6.4 2000 11805103 335069 401 1.1 3.4 12.0 2001 11989745 369298 459 1.3 3.8 12.4 2002 12177275 420418 535 1.5 4.4 12.7 2003 12367738 447428 824 2.3 6.7 18.4 2004 12561180 485612 1042 2.9 8.3 21.5 2005 12757648 574829 904 2.5 7.1 15.7 2006 12957189 714,463 1,292 3.5 10.0 18.1 2007 13,182,721 868,852 1,545 4.2 11.7 17.8 2008 13,388,910 1,084,320 1,638 4.5 12.3 15.1 2009 13,595,099 1,391,656 1,717 4.7 12.7 12.3
3. Number of fatalities by national roads and years
National Road 2006-2008 average 2006 2007 2008 2009 Change over 2008 NR1 81 75 83 86 110 28% NR2 50 41 50 60 51 -15% NR3 33 27 28 43 33 -23% NR4 149 148 134 166 97 -42% NR5 213 192 217 230 239 4% NR6 145 125 178 131 180 37% NR6A 43 33 58 38 42 11% NR7 120 117 134 110 146 33% Total 834 758 882 864 898 4%
4. Number of fatalities per kilometre by national roads and years
National Road 2006-2008 Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 Change over 2008 N1 0.49 0.45 0.50 0.52 0.66 27% N2 0.42 0.34 0.42 0.50 0.43 -15% N3 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.21 0.16 -22% N4 0.70 0.69 0.63 0.78 0.45 -42% N5 0.53 0.47 0.54 0.57 0.59 4% N6 0.43 0.37 0.57 0.39 0.53 36% N6A 0.57 0.44 0.77 0.51 0.56 10% N7 0.27 0.26 0.30 0.25 0.33 32%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
5. Number of fatalities in the whole country by month category and years
Month Category 2006 - 2008 average 2006 2007 2008 2009 % Change over 2008 January 141 130 143 151 156 3% February 118 67 125 163 156 -4% March 130 145 105 139 180 29% April 177 174 161 195 208 7% May 105 85 111 119 136 14% June 105 96 110 109 135 24% July 114 89 117 136 121 -11% August 98 88 117 88 144 64% September 119 91 132 135 135 0% October 127 122 152 107 109 2% November 126 93 144 140 99 -29% December 132 112 128 156 138 -12% Total 1,492 1,292 1,545 1,638 1,717 5%
6. Number of fatalities in Phnom Penh by month category and years. Month category 2006 - 2008 average 2006 2007 2008 2009 % Change over 2008 January 21 18 24 20 31 55% February 21 12 20 32 21 -34% March 22 22 24 20 19 -5% April 24 17 20 36 21 -42% May 24 15 30 26 15 -42% June 25 19 22 34 15 -56% July 28 18 32 33 20 -39% August 18 13 27 13 30 131% September 21 13 31 20 32 60% October 21 19 29 16 21 31% November 21 9 21 32 18 -44% December 17 19 18 15 8 -47% Total 263 194 298 297 251 -15%
7. Number of fatalities in Phnom Penh by district and years.
District 2006 - 2008 average 2006 2007 2008 2009 % Change over 2008 Chamkar Mon 34 18 38 46 31 -33% Doun Penh 26 19 28 30 20 -33% 7 Meakkakra 7 7 8 6 13 117% Toul Kork 23 20 25 24 22 -8% Mean Chey 34 27 33 41 39 -5% Dangkao 66 41 77 81 67 -17% Ruessei Keo 71 61 83 69 48 -30% Sen sok N/A N/A N/A N/A 8 N/A Unknonw 2 1 6 0 3 300% Total 261 194 298 297 251 -15%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
8. Number of fatalities by age category and years.
Age category 2006-2008 average 2006 2007 2008 2009 Change over 2008 0-4 42 35 45 47 36 -23% 5-9 65 66 72 57 61 7% 10-14 27 31 22 29 36 24% 15-19 99 80 98 119 207 74% 20-24 231 175 248 269 357 33% 25-29 326 271 331 376 255 -32% 30-34 115 101 125 120 141 18% 35-39 137 131 141 138 134 -3% 40-44 101 86 102 114 114 0% 45-49 97 96 92 103 118 15% 50-54 58 54 64 55 70 27% >=55 157 129 161 180 164 -9% Unknown 37 37 44 31 24 -23% Total 1,492 1,292 1,545 1,638 1,717 5%
9. Number of fatalities by type of transportation and years .
Type of transportation 2006-2008 average 2006 2007 2008 2009 Change over 2008 Motorbike 942 749 971 1107 1218 10% Pedestrian 204 198 206 207 215 4% Bicycle 70 67 73 71 65 -8% Passenger vehicle 110 102 116 111 99 -11% Goods vehicle 95 92 115 78 75 -4% Agriculture vehicle 33 29 35 36 33 -8% Other 29 31 28 27 12 -56% Unknown 9 24 1 1 0 -100%
Total 1492 1292 1545 1638 1717 5%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
10. Number of casualties by time category and severity of injury - 2009
Time Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total 00:00 - 00:59 24 96 101 4 225 01:00 - 01:59 36 62 132 5 235 02:00 - 02:59 19 53 77 5 154 03:00 - 03:59 18 38 74 0 130 04:00 - 04:59 13 68 103 6 190 05:00 - 05:59 32 87 125 13 257 06:00 - 06:59 40 218 359 20 637 07:00 - 07:59 48 299 530 34 911 08:00 - 08:59 51 283 579 27 940 09:00 - 09:59 60 311 545 33 949 10:00 - 10:59 74 315 549 24 962 11:00 - 11:59 54 302 679 29 1,064 12:00 - 12:59 49 307 515 32 903 13:00 - 13:59 92 317 670 26 1,105 14:00 - 14:59 74 367 596 34 1,071 15:00 - 15:59 103 440 713 29 1,285 16:00 - 16:59 108 445 747 40 1,340 17:00 - 17:59 95 487 926 50 1,558 18:00 - 18:59 156 584 915 35 1,690 19:00 - 19:59 169 590 956 33 1,748 20:00 - 20:59 105 410 605 34 1,154 21:00 - 21:59 107 281 394 13 795 22:00 - 22:59 79 215 288 14 596 23:00 - 23:59 61 204 221 13 499 Unknown 50 243 718 110 1,121 Total 1,717 7,022 12,117 663 21,519
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
11. Number of fatalities by time and month category - 2009
Time Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 00:00 - 00:59 331512260100 24 01:00 - 01:59 021605552343 36 02:00 - 02:59 124113001132 19 03:00 - 03:59 522301110210 18 04:00 - 04:59 011000341102 13 05:00 - 05:59 234316115222 32 06:00 - 06:59 414605415343 40 07:00 - 07:59 597832141413 48 08:00 - 08:59 570852393153 51 09:00 - 09:59 5510466683115 60 10:00 - 10:59 8810937965225 74 11:00 - 11:59 338364162567 54 12:00 - 12:59 843982230325 49 13:00 - 13:59 8 121011 3 6 6 9 12 3 8 4 92 14:00 - 14:59 4 610166 1 5104 4 3 5 74 15:00 - 15:59 10 9 6 15 9 4 8 5 1112 6 8 103 16:00 - 16:59 9 11 9 171115 4 6 9 7 3 7 108 17:00 - 17:59 106 5138167 2 8 8 6 6 95 18:00 - 18:59 13 11 17 19 16 11 6 14 13 11 10 15 156 19:00 - 19:59 11 20 20 19 12 14 11 9 16 12 12 13 169 20:00 - 20:59 186177 9 2 8129 6 9 2 105 21:00 - 21:59 6 8 16 4 11 9 14 4 9 5 9 12 107 22:00 - 22:59 118 4129 2 8105 4 1 5 79 23:00 - 23:59 3 5104 3 1 2 6 6 6 015 61 Unknown 441659435216 50 Total 156 156 180 208 136 135 121 144 135 109 99 138 1,717
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
12. Number of fatalities by time category and type of transportation - 2009
Time Motorbike Pedestrian Bicycle Passenger Vehicle Good vehicle Agriculture Vehicle Other Total 00:00 - 00:59 21 20 1 0 0 024 01:00 - 01:59 25 60 3 2 0 036 02:00 - 02:59 10 20 3 3 1 019 03:00 - 03:59 741 4 2 0 018 04:00 - 04:59 921 1 0 0 013 05:00 - 05:59 15 51 6 5 0 032 06:00 - 06:59 20 67 4 0 2 140 07:00 - 07:59 31 83 1 2 2 148 08:00 - 08:59 30 73 5 2 4 051 09:00 - 09:59 40 11 4 3 1 1 060 10:00 - 10:59 51 74 2 9 1 074 11:00 - 11:59 30 95 7 3 0 054 12:00 - 12:59 28 53 4 5 3 149 13:00 - 13:59 65 95 8 5 0 092 14:00 - 14:59 46 11 3 5 7 2 074 15:00 - 15:59 72 18 1 3 4 3 2 103 16:00 - 16:59 79 12 4 6 3 4 0 108 17:00 - 17:59 72 11 3 2 4 2 195 18:00 - 18:59 119 16 9 6 1 2 3 156 19:00 - 19:59 141 15 3 4 3 3 0 169 20:00 - 20:59 82 10 3 4 6 0 0 105 21:00 - 21:59 87 14 0 3 1 1 1 107 22:00 - 22:59 66 62 3 0 1 179 23:00 - 23:59 41 10 0 3 6 0 161 Unknown 31 90 8 1 1 050 Total 1,218 215 65 99 75 33 12 1,717
13. Number of casualties by month category and severity of injury - 2009
Month Category Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total January 156 740 1,504 46 2,446 February 156 549 1,209 34 1,948 March 180 690 1,404 64 2,338 April 208 785 1,429 37 2,459 May 136 532 864 77 1,609 June 135 591 814 40 1,580 July 121 544 947 71 1,683 August 144 465 841 70 1,520 September 135 569 861 89 1,654 October 109 497 654 49 1,309 November 99 483 815 53 1,450 December 138 577 775 33 1,523 Total 1,717 7,022 12,117 663 21,519
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
14. Number of casualties by type of transportation, severity of injury and age category - 2009
Severity Transportation 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-44 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55 Unknown Total of injury Pedestrian Superficial 138 235 71 53 53 39 30 26 19 31 19 68 8 790 Severe 55 143 45 40 41 36 33 22 38 28 17 85 6 589
Fatality 1944 11 11 17 12 11 6 7 11 9 50 7 215 Sub-total 212 422 127 104 111 87 74 54 64 70 45 203 21 1,594 Motorbike Superficial 192 169 211 1,575 2,380 1,768 827 658 499 427 285 428 88 9,507
Severe 49 72 130 853 1,356 927 426 382 336 306 183 308 56 5,384 Fatality 10 10 6 167 295 211 105 102 91 86 45 79 11 1,218
Sub-total 251 251 347 2,595 4,031 2,906 1,358 1,142 926 819 513 815 155 16,109 Bicycle Superficial 20 63 122 92 43 31 15 15 18 22 14 35 2 492 Severe 4 23 57 55 19 13 11 12 8 12 13 39 5 271
Fatality 12105 6 4 1 3 5 6 219 1 65 Sub-total 25 88 189 152 68 48 27 30 31 40 29 93 8 828 Passenger Vehicle Superficial 19 14 10 54 119 106 80 64 65 46 32 43 4 656
Severe 4 9 10 31 65 75 37 35 25 29 14 40 13 387 Fatality 224 819107146 8 8 9 2 99
Sub-total 25 25 24 93 203 191 124 113 96 83 54 92 19 1,142 Goods vehicle Superficial 4 10 12 41 66 55 26 12 6 17 8 11 7 275 Severe 2 6 4 21 32 26 21 15 12 16 9 14 3 181
Fatality 322 91212146 3 5 2 3 2 75 Sub-total 9 18 18 71 110 93 61 33 21 38 19 28 12 531 Agriculture Vehicle Superficial 8 4 25 51 32 24 17 14 14 9 4 10 2 214
Severe 3 12 11 21 23 13 9 11 6 11 6 3 0 129 Fatality 113674112232 0 33
Sub-total 12 17 39 78 62 41 27 26 22 22 13 15 2 376 Other Superficial 4 5 4 25 39 31 21 16 11 15 3 9 1 184 Severe 1111216129 7 5 5 8 3 0 80
Fatality 000112220012 1 12 Sub-total 5 6 5 38 56 45 32 25 16 20 12 14 2 276
Note: In 663 casualties the severity of injury is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
15. Number of fatalities by type of transportation, gender and age category - 2009
Transportation Gender 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-44 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55 Unknown Total
Motorbike Male 3 7 5 129 263 192 87 92 70 73 30 61 6 1,018 Female 7 3 1 37 31 19 18 10 21 13 15 18 1 194 Sub-total 10 10 6 167 295 211 105 102 91 86 45 79 11 1,218 Pedestrian Male 12269 8 12 10 6 4 5 8 6 12 2 120 Female 7182 3 5 2 5 2 2 3 338 2 92 Sub-total 19 44 11 11 17 12 11 6 7 11 9 50 7 215 Bicycle Male 016 4 1 2 1 2 2 5 113 1 39 Female 114152013116 0 26 Sub-total 12105 6 4 1 3 5 6 219 1 65 Passenger Vehicle Male 023 6 1410 5 10 4 5 6 8 1 74 Female 201250242321 1 25 Sub-total 224 8 1910 7 14 6 8 8 9 2 99 Goods vehicle Male 222 7 912135 2 2 1 3 1 61 Female 100230111310 1 14 Sub-total 322 9 121214 6 3 5 2 3 2 75 Agriculture Vehicle Male 102453112212 0 24 Female 011221000020 0 9 Sub-total 113674112232 0 33
Other Male 000102210002 1 9 Female 000010010010 0 3 Sub-total 000112220012 1 12
Note: In 9 fatalities the gender is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
16. Number of fatalities by type of transportation, road user and age category - 2009
Transportation Road user 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-44 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55 Unknown Total Motorbike Driver 0 0 2 102 226 170 75 88 68 66 30 53 8 888 Passenger 10 10 4 63 67 40 30 14 23 20 15 25 3 324 Unknown 000221000001 0 6 Sub-total 10 10 6 167 295 211 105 102 91 86 45 79 11 1,218 Pedestrian Pedestrian 19 44 11 11 17 12 11 6 7 11 9 50 7 215 Total 19 44 11 11 17 12 11 6 7 11 9 50 7 215 Bicycle Driver 01104 6 4 1 3 5 6 219 1 62 Passenger 110100000000 0 3 Sub-total 12105 6 4 1 3 5 6 219 1 65 Passenger Vehicle Driver 000336371152 0 31 Passenger 2245164475737 2 68 Sub-total 224 819107146 8 8 9 2 99 Goods vehicle Driver 000037732200 0 24 Passenger 322995731323 2 51 Sub-total 322 91212146 3 5 2 3 2 75 Agriculture Vehicle Driver 000242000002 0 10 Passenger 113432112230 0 23 Sub-total 113674112232 0 33 Other Driver 000102210002 1 9 Passenger 000010010010 0 3 Sub-total 000112220012 1 12
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
17. Number of casualties by type of transportation, gender and severity of injury - 2009
Transportation Gender Fatality Severe Slight Unknown Total Motorbike Male 1,018 4,189 7,095 352 12,654 Female 194 1,184 2,356 132 3,866 Sub-total 1,212 5,373 9,451 484 16,520 Pedestrian Male 120 324 451 18 913 Female 92 262 334 21 709 Sub-total 212 586 785 39 1,622 Bicycle Male 39 149 288 8 484 Female 26 119 203 13 361 Sub-total 65 268 491 21 845 Passenger Vehicle Male 74 244 459 41 818 Female 25 142 194 9 370 Sub-total 99 386 653 50 1,188 Goods vehicle Male 61 129 210 16 416 Female 14 51 64 2 131 Sub-total 75 180 274 18 547 Agriculture Vehicle Male 24 90 134 7 255 Female 9 39 79 4 131 Sub-total 33 129 213 11 386 Other Male 9 61 113 18 201 Female 3 19 70 3 95 Sub-total 12 80 183 21 296
Note: In 115 casualties the gender is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
18. Number of casualties by type of transportation, severity of injury and month category - 2009
Severity Transportation Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total of injury Motorbike Superficial 1,219 957 1,126 1,094 664 651 761 667 675 499 654 540 9,507 Severe 606 419 529 624 393 441 414 350 429 375 385 419 5,384 Fatality 117 108 130 151 98 88 94 103 97 70 69 93 1,218 Sub-total 1,942 1,484 1,785 1,869 1,155 1,180 1,269 1,120 1,201 944 1,108 1,052 16,109 Pedestrian Superficial 107 89 107 86 46 40 60 40 60 57 48 50 790 Severe 54 45 61 54 56 46 53 33 52 50 37 48 589 Fatality 13 21 28 22 15 20 16 10 19 22 17 12 215 Sub-total 174 155 196 162 117 106 129 83 131 129 102 110 1,594 Bicycle Superficial 60 42 48 39 54 31 40 33 27 27 38 53 492 Severe 28 16 31 16 29 22 22 18 23 23 23 20 271 Fatality 857762547653 65 Sub-total 96 63 86 62 89 55 67 55 57 56 66 76 828 Passenger Vehicle Superficial 51 61 59 64 49 44 39 54 60 40 37 98 656 Severe 22 43 31 30 24 41 24 30 44 26 14 58 387 Fatality 5 7 8 9 9 15 1 12 5 8 2 18 99 Sub-total 78 111 98 103 82 100 64 96 109 74 53 174 1,142 Goods vehicle Superficial 21 22 35 71 22 26 18 15 18 10 9 8 275 Severe 10 13 21 21 14 22 9 17 17 15 8 14 181 Fatality 5 7 5105 8 4116 1 5 8 75 Sub-total 36 42 61 102 41 56 31 43 41 26 22 30 531 Agriculture Vehicle Superficial 19 16 16 63 14 13 16 9 6 11 18 13 214 Severe 11 11 7 32 10 6 7 10 1 5 14 15 129 Fatality 562712130213 33 Sub-total 35 33 25 102 25 21 24 22 7 18 33 31 376 Other Superficial 27 22 13 12 15 9 13 23 15 10 11 13 183 Severe 9 2108 613157 3 3 2 3 81 Fatality 320220011001 12 Sub-total 39 26 23 22 23 22 28 31 19 13 13 17 276
Note: In 663 casualties the severity of injury is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
19. Number of casualties by occupation, severity of injury and month category - 2009 Severity Occupation Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total of injury Student Superficial 343 259 313 276 165 163 191 125 177 154 179 167 2,512 Severe 166 93 157 163 103 134 114 85 115 105 110 106 1,451 Fatality 14 31 19 28 17 17 14 14 22 20 21 13 230 Sub-total 523 383 489 467 285 314 319 224 314 279 310 286 4,193 Child Superficial 51 57 63 64 34 30 37 31 39 32 33 36 507 Severe 11 11 22 26 14 12 13 12 14 12 9 14 170 Fatality 038482764124 49 Sub-total 62 71 93 94 56 44 57 49 57 45 44 54 726 Worker Superficial 312 242 257 218 146 142 150 170 122 102 117 111 2,089 Severe 154 103 119 130 88 105 99 117 84 78 75 93 1,245 Fatality 32 22 35 36 30 19 23 33 28 15 17 24 314 Sub-total 498 367 411 384 264 266 272 320 234 195 209 228 3,648 Farmer Superficial 356 270 347 516 263 231 281 242 260 174 249 223 3,412 Severe 195 160 211 266 171 166 153 99 180 137 152 188 2,078 Fatality 51 49 67 67 43 39 35 38 45 38 35 54 561 Sub-total 602 479 625 849 477 436 469 379 485 349 436 465 6,051 Soldier Superficial 27 20 21 25 14 15 27 20 26 11 11 14 231 Severe 9 6 6 11 7 17 11 13 10 9 8 7 114 Fatality 422641662112 37 Sub-total 40 28 29 42 25 33 44 39 38 21 20 23 382 Police Superficial 13 16 22 9 8 6 10 12 14 11 13 10 144 Severe 3 7108 7 5 5 8104137 87 Fatality 125321332421 29 Sub-total 17 25 37 20 17 12 18 23 26 19 28 18 260 Vendor/Small Business Superficial 65 56 79 54 53 43 79 69 48 43 50 42 681 Severe 32 26 38 34 37 29 28 21 37 32 16 31 361 Fatality 6961349464357 76 Sub-total 103 91 123 101 94 81 111 96 89 78 71 80 1,118 Government employee Superficial 31 32 57 17 24 29 35 25 18 18 23 22 331 Severe 14 8 6 14 15 19 14 15 10 16 7 16 154 Fatality 428326334414 44 Sub-total 49 42 71 34 41 54 52 43 32 38 31 42 529 Motor taxi driver Superficial 48 34 34 36 32 20 26 26 26 10 18 23 333 Severe 21 17 15 21 11 25 19 18 13 17 17 13 207 Fatality 332357466525 51 Sub-total 72 54 51 60 48 52 49 50 45 32 37 41 591 House Keeping/Servant Superficial 76 56 61 53 31 27 34 31 34 29 24 32 488 Severe 40 34 33 37 21 17 28 20 28 27 20 28 333 Fatality 1010 3 15 5 11 6 2 0 1 5 4 72 Sub-total 126 100 97 105 57 55 68 53 62 57 49 64 893 Tourist/Expatriate Superficial 5115 4 9 6 210207 6 7 92 Severe 8825651210485 64 Fatality 210123031200 15 Sub-total 15 20 7 10 17 14 3 15 31 13 14 12 171 Other Superficial 177 156 145 157 85 102 75 80 76 63 92 88 1,296 Severe 87 76 71 70 52 57 59 55 58 56 48 69 758 Fatality 29 22 25 29 14 20 16 24 17 15 8 20 239 Sub-total 293 254 241 256 151 179 150 159 151 134 148 177 2,293
Note: In 663 casualties the severity of injury is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
20. Number of casualties by occupation, severity of injury and age category - 2009 Severity Occupation 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-44 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55 Unknown Total of injuries Student Superficial 0 375 439 1,004 549 120 10 3 1 1 2 1 7 2,512 Severe 0 210 244 586 339 52 5 3 1 1 4 0 6 1,451 Fatality 04831904911 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 230 Sub-total 0 633 714 1,680 937 183 15 6 2 2 6 1 14 4,193 Child Superficial 3851190 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 507 Severe 117530 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 Fatality 36120001000000 0 49 Sub-total 5381840 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 726 Worker Superficial 0 1 1 279 705 520 223 126 92 64 28 33 17 2,089 Severe 0 0 0 159 373 332 126 99 63 44 14 23 12 1,245 Fatality 0 0 2 39 111 69 33 23 14 9 6 4 4 314 Sub-total 0 1 3 477 1,189 921 382 248 169 117 48 60 33 3,648 Farmer Superficial 0 0 6 361 785 629 321 323 262 251 148 294 32 3,412 Severe 0 2 5 177 452 333 191 194 174 173 138 219 20 2,078 Fatality 0 0 3 42 101 94 46 55 52 55 33 77 3 561 Sub-total 0 2 14 580 1,338 1,056 558 572 488 479 319 590 55 6,051 Soldier Superficial 0 0 0 5 35 40 40 40 34 25 7 5 0 231 Severe 0 0 0 0 15 17 23 20 11 16 8 3 1 114 Fatality 000243763714 0 37 Sub-total 0 0 0 7 54 60 70 66 48 48 16 12 1 382 Police Superficial 0 0 0 1 19 29 19 28 16 18 8 5 1 144 Severe 0 0 0 1 8 10 4 161825 5 0 0 87 Fatality 000021565631 0 29 Sub-total 0 0 0 2 29 40 28 50 39 49 16 6 1 260 Vendor/Small Business Superficial 0 0 0 33 136 167 96 77 55 52 28 31 6 681 Severe 0 0 0 14 58 76 36 40 41 36 22 33 5 361 Fatality 00061987691235 1 76 Sub-total 0 0 0 53 213 251 139 123 105 100 53 69 12 1,118 Government employee Superficial 0 0 0 3 45 107 28 25 28 30 25 35 5 331 Severe 0 0 0 1 14 33 13 11 24 14 11 30 3 154 Fatality 000044647748 0 44 Sub-total 0 0 0 4 63 144 47 40 59 51 40 73 8 529 Motor taxi driver Superficial 0 0 0 9 52 68 65 50 26 35 15 9 4 333 Severe 0 0 0 3 32 50 32 29 19 21 10 8 3 207 Fatality 0000891066615 0 51 Sub-total 0 0 0 12 92 127 107 85 51 62 26 22 7 591 House Keeping/Servant Superficial 0 0 1 55 76 78 29 25 27 28 50 115 4 488 Severe 0 0 5 19 53 33 18 26 21 25 18 113 2 333 Fatality 074583621027 0 72 Sub-total 0 0 6 81 133 116 55 54 54 55 78 255 6 893 Tourist/Expatriate Superficial 0 0 0 2 15101715 8 7 8 8 2 92 Severe 10051111966537 0 64 Fatality 000212322102 0 15 Sub-total 1 0 0 9 27 23 29 23 16 13 11 17 2 171 Other Superficial 0 5 8 139 314 286 168 93 83 56 46 68 31 1,297 Severe 0 2 4 68 197 155 89 40 52 47 17 56 31 758 Fatality 0 1 0 19 54 48 16 23 10 13 9 31 15 239 Sub-total 0 8 12 226 565 489 273 156 145 116 72 155 77 2,294
Note: In 663 casualties the severity of injury is unknown. 63
Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
21. Number of casualties by occupation, type of road user and age category - 2009
Occupation Road User 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-44 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55 Unknown Total Student Pedestrian 033112748 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 518 Driver 0 44 2421,147735 163 13 5 0 2 3 1 11 2,366 Passenger 0 273350505205 26 3 1 1 0 3 0 2 1,369 Sub-total 0 648 7191,700949 191 16 6 1 2 6 1 14 4,253 Child Pedestrian 2201000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 321 Driver 610000000000 1 8 Passenger 333900 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 426 Sub-total 5591910 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 755 Worker Pedestrian 0 0 0 24 37 25 20 12 16 6 6 9 1 156 Driver 0 0 1 217 769 659 251 177 119 87 36 33 22 2,371 Passenger 0 1 2 240 413 240 116 58 34 24 8 18 11 1,165 Sub-total 0 1 3 481 1,219 924 387 247 169 117 50 60 34 3,692 Farmer Pedestrian 0 0 1 18 36 24 30 23 27 35 22 101 6 323 Driver 0 0 6 310 858 733 353 400 307 289 170 301 37 3,764 Passenger 0 2 6 254 446 310 178 157 165 155 125 194 13 2,005 Sub-total 0 2 13 582 1,3401,067 561 580 499 479 317 596 56 6,092 Soldier Pedestrian 000030311102 0 11 Driver 0 0 0 4 39 49 55 55 38 40 14 8 2 304 Passenger 00 0 211911139 9 3 2 0 69 Sub-total 0 0 0 6 53 58 69 69 48 50 17 12 2 384 Police Pedestrian 000010015300 0 10 Driver 0 0 0 1 23 34 22 41 37 44 14 6 1 223 Passenger 000145272230 0 26 Sub-total 0 0 0 2 28 39 24 49 44 49 17 6 1 259 Vendor/Small Business Pedestrian 000449342645 1 42 Driver 0 0 0 36 159 178 112 81 73 56 37 40 10 782 Passenger 0 0 0 17 50 67 28 39 30 39 13 24 2 309 Sub-total 0 0 0 57 213 254 143 124 105 101 54 69 13 1,133 Government employee Pedestrian 000022004113 0 13 Driver 0 0 0 4 54 113 34 33 50 43 32 61 4 428 Passenger 00009291276699 4 91 Sub-total 0 0 0 4 65 144 46 40 60 50 42 73 8 532 Motor taxi driver Pedestrian 000002300110 0 7 Driver 0 0 0 11 88 118 97 79 51 57 26 20 6 553 Passenger 000256872522 1 40 Sub-total 0 0 0 13 93 126108 86 53 63 29 22 7 600 House Keeping/Servant Pedestrian 0015575638954 0 103 Driver 0 0 3 45 64 54 25 27 25 24 23 74 4 368 Passenger 0 0 2 31 69 56 27 22 27 25 50 127 2 438 Sub-total 0 0 6 81 138 117 57 55 55 57 82 255 6 909 Tourist/Expatriate Pedestrian 000020010012 0 6 Driver 0 0 0 3 9 101212 9 7 6 10 1 79 Passenger 1 0 0 5 19131710 8 7 4 5 1 90 Sub-total 1 0 0 8 30 23 29 23 17 14 11 17 2 175 Other Pedestrian 0 3 2 6 17 18 10 9 7 11 1 30 11 125 Driver 0 0 1 129 420 356 209 129 113 83 44 77 46 1,607 Passenger 0 6 9 91 152 127 64 23 30 25 27 56 30 640 Sub-total 0 9 12 226 589 501 283 161 150 119 72 163 87 2,372
Note: In 363 casualties the type of road user is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
22. Number of casualties by occupation, severity of injury and type of transportation - 2009
Severity Occupation Motorbike Pedestrian Bicycle Passenger Vehicle Goods vehicle Agriculture Vehicle Other Total of injuries Student Superficial 1,860 274 247 54 31 30 16 2,512 Severe 1,070 174 120 35 16 25 11 1,451 Fatality 145 5516 6 3 5 0 230 Sub-total 3,075 503 383 95 50 60 27 4,193 Child Superficial 239 195 29 24 5 9 6 507 Severe 63 90 4 3 3 6 1 170 Fatality 16 25 1 2 4 1 0 49 Sub-total 318 310 34 29 12 16 7 726 Worker Superficial 1,722 67 36 100 66 47 51 2,089 Severe 1,011 68 35 54 45 19 13 1,245 Fatality 237 18 9 17 23 7 3 314 Sub-total 2,970 153 80 171 134 73 67 3,648 Farmer Superficial 2,789 134 120 138 90 92 49 3,412 Severe 1,652 123 87 77 52 59 28 2,078 Fatality 420 59 32 18 11 16 5 561 Sub-total 4,861 316 239 233 153 167 82 6,051 Soldier Superficial 194 5 3 17 9 2 1 231 Severe 84 5 0 15 5 4 1 114 Fatality 30 1 0 4 1 1 0 37 Sub-total 308 11 3 36 15 7 2 382 Police Superficial 126 2 1 12 0 1 2 144 Severe 74 6 0 3 2 0 2 87 Fatality 27 1 0 1 0 0 0 29 Sub-total 227 9 1 16 2 1 4 260 Vendor/Small Business Superficial 566 17 6 58 13 6 15 681 Severe 270 22 3 44 11 5 6 361 Fatality 57 2 0 14 3 0 0 76 Sub-total 893 41 9 116 27 11 21 1,118 Government employee Superficial 288 2 2 33 2 0 4 331 Severe 119 100 21 4 0 0 154 Fatality 30 1 0 10 3 0 0 44 Sub-total 437 132 64 9 0 4 529 Motor taxi driver Superficial 314 4 1 7 0 0 7 333 Severe 192 2 1 4 1 0 7 207 Fatality 48 1 0 0 0 0 2 51 Sub-total 554 7 2 11 1 0 16 591 House Keeping/Servant Superficial 380 4420 26 5 6 7 488 Severe 248 4310 20 7 1 4 333 Fatality 48 16 3 2 2 1 0 72 Sub-total 676 103 33 48 14 8 11 893 Tourist/Expatriate Superficial 47 3 4 33 0 0 5 92 Severe 33 3 0 26 1 0 1 64 Fatality 8 0 0 6 1 0 0 15 Sub-total 88 6 4 65 2 0 6 171 Other Superficial 982 43 23 154 54 21 20 1297 Severe 568 43 11 85 34 10 7 758 Fatality 152 36 4 19 24 2 2 239 Sub-total 1702 122 38 258 112 33 29 2294
Note: In 663 casualties the severity of injury is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
23. Number of casualties by occupation, type of road user and severity of injury - 2009
Occupation Road User Fatality Severe Slight Unknown Total Student Pedestrian 55 174 274 15 518 Driver 108 829 1,369 60 2,366 Passenger 66 435 839 29 1,369 Sub-total 229 1,438 2,482 104 4,253 Child Pedestrian 25 90 195 11 321 Driver 0 1 7 0 8 Passenger 24 79 304 19 426 Sub-total 49 170 506 30 755 Worker Pedestrian 18 68 67 3 156 Driver 183 822 1,319 47 2,371 Passenger 112 346 684 23 1,165 Sub-total 313 1,236 2,070 73 3,692 Farmer Pedestrian 59 123 134 7 323 Driver 359 1,289 2,035 81 3,764 Passenger 142 636 1,185 42 2,005 Sub-total 560 2,048 3,354 130 6,092 Soldier Pedestrian 1 5 5 0 11 Driver 28 90 173 13 304 Passenger 8 19 41 1 69 Sub-total 37 114 219 14 384 Police Pedestrian 1 6 2 1 10 Driver 27 72 116 8 223 Passenger 1 8 15 2 26 Sub-total 29 86 133 11 259 Vendor/Small Business Pedestrian 2 22 17 1 42 Driver 46 222 484 30 782 Passenger 27 109 169 4 309 Sub-total 75 353 670 35 1,133 Government employee Pedestrian 1 10 2 0 13 Driver 33 113 273 9 428 Passenger 10 27 52 2 91 Sub-total 44 150 327 11 532 House Keeping/Servant Pedestrian 16 43 44 0 103 Driver 22 128 204 14 368 Passenger 33 159 237 9 438 Sub-total 71 330 485 23 909 Tourist/Expatriate Pedestrian 0 3 3 0 6 Driver 8 31 39 1 79 Passenger 7 29 50 4 90 Sub-total 15 63 92 5 175 Other Pedestrian 43 43 36 3 125 Driver 777 492 246 92 1,607 Passenger 341 205 71 23 640 Sub-total 1,161 740 353 118 2,372
Note: In 363 casualties the type of road user is unknown.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
24. Number of casualties by province and severity of injury - 2009
Fatality Severe Superficial Unknown Total Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Banteay MeanChey 110 6% 397 6% 651 5% 10 2% 1,168 5% Battambang 94 5% 381 5% 673 6% 37 6% 1,185 6% Kampong Cham 221 13% 661 9% 1,275 11% 64 10% 2,221 10% Kampong Chhnang 57 3% 221 3% 606 5% 35 5% 919 4% Kampong Speu 53 3% 203 3% 284 2% 28 4% 568 3% Kampong Thom 98 6% 252 4% 578 5% 19 3% 947 4% Kampot 30 2% 319 5% 525 4% 39 6% 913 4% Kandal 200 12% 632 9% 1,209 10% 48 7% 2,089 10% Kep 4 0% 29 0% 91 1% 5 1% 129 1% Koh Kong 23 1% 70 1% 160 1% 4 1% 257 1% Kratie 61 4% 244 3% 244 2% 7 1% 556 3% Mondol Kiri 5 0% 55 1% 62 1% 49 7% 171 1% Oddar MeanChey 42 2% 156 2% 381 3% 31 5% 610 3% Pailin 4 0% 63 1% 114 1% 1 0% 182 1% Phnom Penh 251 15% 977 14% 2,325 19% 145 22% 3,698 17% Preah Sihanouk 43 3% 224 3% 223 2% 4 1% 494 2% Preah Vihear 22 1% 76 1% 203 2% 8 1% 309 1% Prey Veng 70 4% 283 4% 352 3% 12 2% 717 3% Pursat 70 4% 208 3% 217 2% 13 2% 508 2% Rotanak Kiri 22 1% 84 1% 149 1% 7 1% 262 1% Siem Reap 84 5% 845 12% 614 5% 15 2% 1,558 7% Stung Treng 17 1% 78 1% 202 2% 6 1% 303 1% Svay Rieng 70 4% 233 3% 416 3% 33 5% 752 3% Takeo 66 4% 323 5% 537 4% 36 5% 962 4% Unknown 0 0% 8 0% 26 0% 7 1% 41 0% Total 1,717 100% 7,022 100% 12,117 100% 663 100% 21,519 100%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
25. Number of fatalities by province and month category - 2009
Province Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Banteay MeanChey 9 12 13 16 9 5 7 6 7 14 6 6 110 Battambang 11 8 10 15 6 9 5 4 10 7 6 3 94 Kampong Cham 23 29 21 21 22 23 11 20 10 10 8 23 221 Kampong Chhnang 4 7 5 6 5 5 7 5 0 1 3 9 57 Kampong Speu 6 3 8 7 6 4 2 7 3 1 1 5 53 Kampong Thom 3 9 6 9 10 9 8 14 12 5 4 9 98 Kampot 2 0 5 1 2 4 4 0 5 2 3 2 30 Kandal 9 20 24 28 21 12 11 15 16 13 14 17 200 Kep 1000000102004 Koh Kong 0 3 5 1 5 3 3 0 1 1 1 0 23 Kratie 4 5 9 8 5 6 1 1 2 6 6 8 61 Mondol Kiri 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 Oddar MeanChey 4 2 2 16 2 2 3 4 2 1 4 0 42 Pailin 011001000001 4 Phnom Penh 31 21 19 21 15 15 20 30 32 21 18 8 251 Preah Sihanouk 10 2 6 3 3 5 3 6 3 2 0 0 43 Preah Vihear 1 2 2 6 3 0 1 1 2 0 0 4 22 Prey Veng 6 6 3 9 4 8 7 6 8 0 4 9 70 Pursat 5 8 8 5 3 4 2 4 7 10 7 7 70 Rotanak Kiri 3 0 3 8 1 0 2 0 0 3 0 2 22 Siem Reap 12 7 3 5 3 14 10 8 6 4 3 9 84 Stung Treng 1 2 4 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 4 17 Svay Rieng 3 6 8 11 2 4 6 9 5 5 5 6 70 Takeo 6 3158 8 2 7 3 4 1 3 6 66 Total 156 156 180 208 136 135 121 144 135 109 99 138 1,717
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
26. Number of fatalities by province and age category - 2009
Province 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-44 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55 Unknown Total Banteay MeanChey 3 2 4 11 26 14 11 10 6 9 2 12 0 110 Battambang 2 7 2 9 25 7 8 3 6 6 4 8 7 94 Kampong Cham 5 12 6 29 37 18 25 27 20 17 8 17 0 221 Kampong Chhnang 0 1 1 7 10 14 0 7 1 5 1 8 2 57 Kampong Speu 3 2 0 3 20 4 1 4 1 4 3 8 0 53 Kampong Thom 3 1 7 13 13 10 5 10 9 12 5 9 1 98 Kampot 020574321303 0 30 Kandal 7 10 1 29 36 34 18 11 9 10 5 27 3 200 Kep 001100010010 0 4 Koh Kong 0 2 0 3 3 3 3 1 0 3 1 3 1 23 Kratie 1 3 3 511134 4 6 2 4 5 0 61 Mondol Kiri 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 Oddar MeanChey 1 2 1 4 13 4 4 4 4 1 1 3 0 42 Pailin 000201001000 0 4 Phnom Penh 3 1 3 32 63 60 25 17 15 7 8 12 5 251 Preah Sihanouk 1 0 0 7 7 10 6 0 3 3 3 2 1 43 Preah Vihear 0 3 1 3 4 2 0 1 3 1 1 2 1 22 Prey Veng 0 5 0 8 14 9 5 9 3 7 1 9 0 70 Pursat 0 3 1 5 1312 4 4 5 8 4 10 1 70 Rotanak Kiri 0 0 0 3 5 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 0 22 Siem Reap 1 4 0 5 25 15 6 2 4 4 11 5 2 84 Stung Treng 1 0 2 1 2 0 3 2 2 2 0 2 0 17 Svay Rieng 1 1 0 11 10 10 5 5 8 5 4 10 0 70 Takeo 4 0 311116 3 8 5 5 2 8 0 66 Total 36 61 36 207 357 255 141 134 114 118 70 164 24 1,717
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
27. Number of fatalities by province and type of transportation - 2009
Province Motorbike Pedestrian Bicycle Passenger Vehicle Goods vehicle Agriculture Vehicle Other Unknown Total
Banteay MeanChey 76 19 3 4 3 5 0 0 110
Battambang 54 17 7 6 6 3 1 0 94
Kampong Cham 150 22 9 23 11 6 0 0 221
Kampong Chhnang 41 4 1 4 5 1 1 0 57
Kampong Speu 44 5 0 2 1 0 0 1 53
Kampong Thom 591710 6 2 3 10 98 Kampot 20 3 1 3 3 0 0 0 30
Kandal 139 35 8 8 10 0 0 0 200
Kep 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 Koh Kong 11 4 0 5 2 1 0 0 23
Kratie 36 7 1 13 3 1 0 0 61
Mondol Kiri 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 Oddar MeanChey 33 6 1 0 0 2 0 0 42
Pailin 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 4
Phnom Penh 208 18 5 12 5 0 3 0 251 Preah Sihanouk 35 3 1 2 2 0 0 0 43
Preah Vihear 17 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 22
Prey Veng 49 11 5 4 0 1 0 0 70
Pursat 38144 1 11 1 10 70
Rotanak Kiri 18 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 22
Siem Reap 69 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 84
Stung Treng 12 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 17
Svay Rieng 56 8 0 1 2 2 1 0 70 Takeo 45 8 6 0 3 1 3 0 66 Total 1,218 215 65 99 75 33 11 1 1,717
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
28. Number of fatalities by province and human error - 2009
Speed Drunk Dangerous Not respect Change direction Driving against Province Other Unknown Total related driving overtaking right of way without due care flow of traffic Banteay MeanChey 472116 4 9 2 56 110 Battambang 52 12 6 7 1 2 5 9 94 Kampong Cham 99 52 34 4 8 1 9 14 221 Kampong Chhnang 37 3 4 2 2 0 2 7 57 Kampong Speu 29 0 15 2 3 0 0 4 53 Kampong Thom 516 7 5 2 2 1411 98 Kampot 23 3 0 0 0 1 0 3 30 Kandal 74 27 32 29 4 9 7 18 200 Kep 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 Koh Kong 14 4 4 0 0 0 0 1 23 Kratie 44 11 0 2 0 1 0 3 61 Mondol Kiri 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Oddar MeanChey 27 4 2 3 1 0 1 4 42 Pailin 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 4 Phnom Penh 96 40 35 25 11 7 5 32 251 Preah Sihanouk 23 5 4 5 1 2 0 3 43 Preah Vihear 11 7 2 0 0 0 0 2 22 Prey Veng 42 10 4 2 2 2 4 4 70 Pursat 53 7 4 0 0 0 0 6 70 Rotanak Kiri 6 6 3 0 3 0 3 1 22 Siem Reap 55 16 1 5 3 0 2 2 84 Stung Treng 5 2 3 5 0 0 0 2 17 Svay Rieng 18 35 3 2 4 3 1 4 70 Takeo 261313 7 1 1 14 66 Total 839 284 192 110 55 33 62 142 1,717
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
29. Number of fatalities by province and years 2006-2009 Province 2006-2008 average 2006 2007 2008 2009 Change over 2008 Phnom Penh 263 194 298 297 251 -15% Kampong Cham 202 183 224 199 221 11% Kandal 168 134 148 223 200 -10% Banteay MeanChey 68 50 62 92 110 20% Kampong Thom 81 61 120 62 98 58% Battambang 82 80 83 84 94 12% Siem Reap 70 70 65 76 84 11% Prey Veng 51 50 46 56 70 25% Pursat 43 37 51 42 70 67% Svay Rieng 45 40 47 47 70 49% Takeo 62 51 70 64 66 3% Kratie 39 36 35 45 61 36% Kampong Chhnang 60 66 62 51 57 12% Kampong Speu 73 92 53 75 53 -29% Preah Sihanouk 48 40 51 52 43 -17% Oddar MeanChey 16 6 12 30 42 40% Kampot 25 18 32 24 30 25% Koh Kong 31 24 20 48 23 -52% Preah Vihear 11 9 9 16 22 38% Rotanak Kiri 16 6 22 19 22 16% Stung Treng 8 6 8 9 17 89% Mondol Kiri 10 7 14 10 5 -50% Kep 7 8 4 9 4 -56% Pailin 6 3 8 7 4 -43% Unknown 8 21 1 1 0 -100% Total 1,492 1,292 1,545 1,638 1,717 5%
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
30. Data collection forms Two different data collection forms are being used: the hospital data collection form, using the casualty as point of entry, and the traffic police data collection form, using the crash as entry point. Duplicate entries are checked using the name of the casualty, the date and time of crash, as well as the location.
Road traffic and other type of injury form
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Traffic police data collection form
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
31 . Feedback form
Please send back this form to the following address: By mail: Handicap International – Road Safety Program Manager – #18, Street 400 – Phnom Penh By fax: +855 (0)23/216 270
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Glossary
Agriculture vehicle The vehicle used at farms. Sometimes, it is invented locally, by combining with other machine or parts of another vehicle. Ex: Ox-machine.
Blackspot A section on the road, less than 300 meters in length, that has the highest number of road crashes/fatalities/casualties in one year period, in a selected area.
Car driver Who makes living mainly on driving a passenger/goods vehicle.
Casualty Person was killed or injured in a road crash.
Change direction without due care Going straight then drivers turn left or right suddenly or U-turn without giving a sign to other road users.
Change lane without due care Change lane left or right while still proceeding in the same direction (go straight) without giving a sign to other road users.
Child (in figures) Person whose age is less than 6 years old.
Damage only Any road crash which does not result in any injuries.
Dangerous overtaking Overtaking without examination of the traffic situation.
Died at hospital Person died after arriving hospital.
Died on scene Person was killed immediately during road crash.
Died on the way to hospital Person died during transferring to hospital.
Driver Driver or operator of motorized or non-motorized vehicle (including cyclist, riding an animal).
Driving against flow of traffic All drivers driving against the flow of traffic, except pedestrians.
Drunk driving The accident involves a drunk driver with a blood-alcohol level over the legal limit.. Assumption by traffic police.
Farmer A person who works on farm.
Fatal crash Any road crash resulting in at least one person killed immediately or dying within 30 days, as a result of the crash.
Fatality Person was killed immediately or died within 30 days, as a result of the crash.
Four-wheeler vehicle It is all kind of passenger and goods vehicles, with 4 wheels.
Goods vehicle More than four-wheel vehicle used to transport goods.
Head-on The front of both vehicles collided with each other.
Hit and run When the driver responsible intentionally escapes afterwards.
Hit animal The moving vehicle collided with an animal.
Hit object off road The moving vehicle collided with stationary object off road (ex. tree, postS)
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Hit object on the road The moving vehicle collided with stationary object on road (ex. barrierS)
Hit parked vehicle The moving vehicle collided with a parked vehicle.
Hit pedestrian The moving vehicle collided with pedestrian.
Housekeeping/servant A person who stays home to look after the family or to clean others’ houses.
Human error Any road crash caused by human mistake.
Local road/track Road connect national/provincial road to village/commune at countryside or road outside urban areas.
Major road in city Roads are located in the city with double central lines, but which are not national or provincial roads.
Minor road in city Roads are located in the city with no double central lines.
Motor taxi driver A person who makes a living mainly on driving a motor taxi.
Motorbike/two-wheeler vehicle Two-wheeled, road motor vehicle.
National road Major country roads linking major population centers and provinces in different parts of the county, permitting speeds of 90km/h.
Not respect right of way Not giving right of way to pedestrians or other vehicles on the roads, especially on junction roads.
Not respect traffic light All drivers that drive through traffic light while it’s red.
Not respect traffic signs All drivers that drive without respecting the traffic signs.
Other government employee All government employees, except police, soldier and teacher.
Overturned/single vehicle Refers to single vehicle crashes.
Passenger vehicle More than four-wheeled vehicle use to transport passenger from one place to another (including minibus, bus)
Passenger A person who travels in/on a vehicle, without operating it (e.g. the persons who sit behind a motorbike, tricycle, carS etc)
Paved road Roads covered by asphalt or asphalt with pebble.
Pedestrian A person walking/standing on the road or footpath/sidewalk at the time of crashes. They are not in a vehicle.
Provincial road Major roads linking population centres within a province or they are developed and maintained by provincial public work and transport departments.
Rear-end The front side of the first vehicle collides with the rear side of the second vehicle. Right-angle Angle impact where the front of the first vehicle collides with the side of the second vehicle.
Road conditions Condition of road linked to road crash
Road environment The combination between road and weather condition which is linked to a road crash
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Serious crash Any road crash resulting in at least one person who requires hospitalization for at least 24 hours because of injuries sustained in the crash, while no one was killed.
Serious/severe injury Person was hospitalized for at least 24 hours because of injuries sustained in the crash.
Severity of crash The severity of the road crash, based on the most severe injury of any person involved.
Severity of injury The injury severity level for a person involved in the crash.
Side swipe The vehicle collided side by side while travelling in the same directions.
Slight crash Any road crash resulting in at least one of the participants of the crash being hospitalized less than 24 hours or not hospitalized, while no participant was seriously injured or killed.
Speed related All vehicles using high speed over the legal limit or using non-appropriate speed in relation with geographical conditions and the conditions of weather, traffic, their vehicles, and loading.
Student Someone who is attending school from primary school to university.
Superficial/Slight/minor injury Person was injured and hospitalized for less than 24 hours or not hospitalized.
Teacher Someone who instructs people and has certificate to identify themselves.
T-junction Dead end road, T intersection
Tourist/Expatriate Foreigners who work or temporary stay in the country and do not have Cambodian’s ID card.
Unemployed Someone who is jobless or has no permanent job.
Unpaved/non-cemented Roads are not paved or non-cemented.
Urban area Refer to the place where buildings or houses are closely constructed with each other, exit or entrance to that is placed with sign or name of cities/ towns, even at day time or night time.
Using mobile phone Using mobile phone while driving without connection device or without stopping vehicle at the edge of road to use it.
Vehicle defects Vehicle defect is the main cause of the crash, without clearly checking.
Vendor/small business Someone who buys and sells goods
Weather conditions Weather linked to road crash
Worker Someone who works in factory/working-class/ construction site.
Wrong use of high beam Wrong using of high beam at night.
X-junction Crossroads, road intersection with four directions.
Y-junction Y-junction road
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
References
1. National Road Safety Committee. National Road Safety Action Plan 2006-2010 , 2006. Phnom Penh, Royal Government of Cambodia National Road Safety Committee. 2. "Statistics of vehicle registered in 2009." (2010): Department of Public Work and Land Transport (Jan, 2010). 3. Jonathon Passmore , Road Safety & Injury Prevention/Team Leader NCD/HP , WHO Vietnam and Handicap International Belgium, LAO PDR. 4. Handicap International Belgium. Cost Analysis of Road Crashes in Cambodia . Phnom Penh: Handicap International Belgium, 2010. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine. Helmet Survey , 2009. Phnom Penh, Ministry of Health, WHO.
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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System Annual Report 2009
Contacts
Further analysis and additional information is available on request. Please do not hesitate to contact one of the following persons:
For general road safety information and additional analysis/customized reports :
Ms. Socheata SANN Road Safety Program Manager Handicap International Belgium Mobile: 012 563 172 E mail: [email protected]
Mr. Panhavuth SEM Ms. Amra OU RCVIS Manager RCVIS Officer Handicap International Belgium Handicap International Belgium Mobile: 012 545 334 Mobile: 016 338 178 E mail: [email protected] E mail: [email protected]
For information regarding the National Road Safety Action Plan
HE. UNG Chun Hour Director General of Transports & Director of Land Transport Department Permanent Member of National Road Safety Committee Secretary General of General Secretariat of National Road Safety Committee Ministry of Public Works and Transport Mobile: 012 818 835 Email: [email protected]
For information regarding the national traffic law enforcement
General HIM Yan Director of Order Department General Commissariat of National Police Ministry of Interior Mobile: 012 590 978
For information regarding emergency assistance :
Dr. PRAK PISETH Raingsey Director Preventive Medicine Department Ministry of Health Mobile: 012 862 022 Email: [email protected]
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Editor
RCVIS Handicap International Belgium # 18, Street 400, Phnom Penh Kingdom of Cambodia Phone: +855 – 23 – 217 298 Email: [email protected] Website: www.roadsafetycambodia.info
Handicap International Belgium
With the support of:
European Union Belgian Cooperation World Health Organization