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Effects of Myrmecochore Species Abundance
EFFECTS OF MYRMECOCHORE SPECIES ABUNDANCE, DIVERSITY, AND FRUITING PHENOLOGY ON APHAENOGASTER (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) NESTING AND FORAGING IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN RICH COVE FORESTS A Thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Western Carolina University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology. By Mary N. Schultz Director: Dr. James T. Costa, Western Carolina University Biology Department Committee Members: Dr. Beverly Collins, Western Carolina University Biology Department Dr. Robert Warren III, State University of New York College at Buffalo Biology Department April, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members and director for their assistance and support, particularly logistical, conceptual, and editorial guidance from Dr. Beverly Collins; statistical and editorial assistance from Dr. Robert Warren; and keen proofreading and editorial comments from Dr. James T. Costa. I would also like to thank Dr. Mark Bradford, Yale school of Forestry and Environmental Studies, for funding my research. I am eternally grateful to my husband, David Clarke, for his continued unwavering support, in the field and out; none of this would have been possible without him. Lastly, my sincere appreciation for generous counsel and sage advice from my friends, Josh Kelly and Jay Kranyik. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... -
Native and Non-Native Ant Impacts on Native Fungi
State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College Digital Commons at Buffalo State Biology Theses Biology 8-2021 Native and non-native ant impacts on native fungi Chloe Mokadam State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College, [email protected] Advisor Robert J. Warren II, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology First Reader Christopher Pennuto, Ph.D., Professor of Biology Second Reader Olga Novikova, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology Department Chair Daniel L. Potts, Ph.D., Chair and Associate Professor of Biology To learn more about the Biology Department and its educational programs, research, and resources, go to https://biology.buffalostate.edu/. Recommended Citation Mokadam, Chloe, "Native and non-native ant impacts on native fungi" (2021). Biology Theses. 45. https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/biology_theses/45 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/biology_theses Part of the Biology Commons Native and non-native ant impacts on native fungi by Chloe Mokadam An Abstract of a Thesis in Biology Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts August 2021 Buffalo State College State University of New York Department of Biology 1 ABSTRACT OF THESIS Non-native ant impacts on native fungi Organisms produce weapons for defense against pathogens and competitors. In response, competitors and pathogens develop resistance to these weapons. However, when a species invades a new range, its “novel weapons” may be more effective against native species that did not co-evolve with them. Via specialized glands and microbial associates, ants produce antifungal weapons for defense against entomopathogenic fungi. -
Evolution of Colony Characteristics in the Harvester Ant Genus
Evolution of Colony Characteristics in The Harvester Ant Genus Pogonomyrmex Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Christoph Strehl Nürnberg Würzburg 2005 - 2 - - 3 - Eingereicht am: ......................................................................................................... Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission: Vorsitzender: ............................................................................................................. Gutachter : ................................................................................................................. Gutachter : ................................................................................................................. Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: .............................................................................. Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am: ............................................................................. - 4 - - 5 - 1. Index 1. Index................................................................................................................. 5 2. General Introduction and Thesis Outline....................................................... 7 1.1 The characteristics of an ant colony...................................................... 8 1.2 Relatedness as a major component driving the evolution of colony characteristics.................................................................................................10 1.3 The evolution -
Hybridization in Ants
Rockefeller University Digital Commons @ RU Student Theses and Dissertations 2020 Hybridization in Ants Ian Butler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/ student_theses_and_dissertations Part of the Life Sciences Commons HYBRIDIZATION IN ANTS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Rockefeller University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ian Butler June 2020 © Copyright by Ian Butler 2020 HYBRIDIZATION IN ANTS Ian Butler, Ph.D. The Rockefeller University 2020 Interspecific hybridization is a relatively common occurrence within all animal groups. Two main factors make hybridization act differently in ants than in other species: eusociality and haplodiploidy. These factors serve to reduce the costs of interspecific hybridization in ants while simultaneously allowing them to take advantage of certain benefits. Eusociality may mitigate the effects of hybridization by allowing hybrids to be shunted into the worker caste, potentially reducing the effects of hybrid sterility. In haplodiploid species, males do not have a father. They instead develop from unfertilized eggs as haploid clones of their mother. This means that interspecifically mated queens do not completely sacrifice reproductive potential even if all hybrids are sterile because they can still produce fertile males. These factors in turn suggest that hybridization should be more common among the social Hymenoptera than other animal groups. Nevertheless, current data suggest that ants hybridize at rates similar to other animal groups, although these data are limited. Furthermore, there is a large amount of overlap between cases of interspecific hybridization and cases of genetic caste determination. A majority of the cases in ants where caste is determined primarily by genotype are associated with hybridization. -
Nutritional Ecology of Aphaenogaster Ants in Response to Climate Change Katie A
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2018 Nutritional Ecology of Aphaenogaster Ants in Response to Climate Change Katie A. Miller University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Katie A., "Nutritional Ecology of Aphaenogaster Ants in Response to Climate Change" (2018). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 899. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/899 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY OF APHAENOGASTER ANTS IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE A Thesis Presented by Katie Ann Miller to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Biology May, 2018 Defense Date: March 21st, 2018 Thesis Examination Committee: Sara Helms Cahan, Ph.D., Advisor Kimberly Wallin, Ph.D., Chairperson Nicholas Gotelli, Ph.D. Jason Stockwell, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT Climate change is predicted to impact organismal nutritional ecology. Increased temperatures can directly accelerate physiological rate processes, which in turn, impact nutritional requirements. Climate change can also impact organisms indirectly by altering the quality and quantity of nutritional resources, creating the potential for nutritional mismatch between what nutrients are available in the environment and what organisms require. -
Evolutionary Innovations in Ants to Thermally Stressful Environments Andrew D
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2017 Evolutionary Innovations In Ants To Thermally Stressful Environments Andrew D. Nguyen University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Evolution Commons, and the Physiology Commons Recommended Citation Nguyen, Andrew D., "Evolutionary Innovations In Ants To Thermally Stressful Environments" (2017). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 739. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/739 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVOLUTIONARY INNOVATIONS IN ANTS TO THERMALLY STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTS A Dissertation Presented by Andrew D. Nguyen to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Biology May, 2017 Defense Date: March 29, 2017 Dissertation Examination Committee: Sara Helms Cahan, Ph.D., Co-advisor Nicholas J. Gotelli, Ph.D., Co-advisor Jill Preston, Ph.D., Chairperson Brent Lockwood, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT Temperature is a fundamental environmental force shaping species abundance and distributions through its effects on biochemical reaction rates, metabolism, activity, and reproduction. In light of future climate shifts, mainly driven by temperature increases, how will organisms persist in warmer environments? One molecular mechanism that may play an important role in coping with heat stress is the heat shock response (HSR), which protects against molecular damage. -
Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Ant Biodiversity in the Temperate Forest Communities of the Northeastern United States
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Fall November 2014 TURNING UP THE HEAT ON THE LITTLE THINGS THAT RUN THE WORLD: EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ANT BIODIVERSITY IN THE TEMPERATE FOREST COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Israel Del Toro University of Massachusetts - Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Del Toro, Israel, "TURNING UP THE HEAT ON THE LITTLE THINGS THAT RUN THE WORLD: EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ANT BIODIVERSITY IN THE TEMPERATE FOREST COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 176. https://doi.org/10.7275/vk8p-ae52 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/176 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TURNING UP THE HEAT ON THE LITTLE THINGS THAT RUN THE WORLD: EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ANT BIODIVERSITY IN THE TEMPERATE FOREST COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES A Dissertation Presented by ISRAEL DEL TORO Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SEPTEMBER 2014 Organismic and Evolutionary Biology © Copyright by Israel Del Toro 2014 All Rights Reserved TURNING UP THE HEAT ON THE LITTLE THINGS THAT RUN THE WORLD: EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ANT BIODIVERSITY IN THE TEMPERATE FOREST COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES A Dissertation Presented by ISRAEL DEL TORO Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Aaron M. -
Effects of Hybridization and Life History Tradeoffs on Pathogen Resistance in the Harvester Ants (Pogonomyrmex) Yainna M
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2015 Effects of hybridization and life history tradeoffs on pathogen resistance in the Harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex) Yainna M. Hernaiz-Hernandez University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hernaiz-Hernandez, Yainna M., "Effects of hybridization and life history tradeoffs on pathogen resistance in the Harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex)" (2015). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 518. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/518 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF HYBRIDIZATION AND LIFE HISTORY TRADEOFFS ON PATHOGEN RESISTANCE IN THE HARVESTER ANTS (POGONOMY RMEX) A Thesis Presented by Yainna Hernáiz-Hernández to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Specializing in Biology May, 2015 Defense Date: March 26, 2015 Thesis Examination Committee: Sara Helms Cahan, Ph.D., Advisor Douglas Johnson, Ph.D., Chairperson Joseph Schall, Ph.D., Emeriti Faculty Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT A fundamental challenge faced by all organisms is the risk of infection by pathogens that can significantly reduce their fitness. The evolutionary dynamic between hosts and pathogens is expected to be a coevolutionary cycle, as pathogens evolve by increasing their level of virulence and hosts respond by increasing their level of resistance. -
Some Ant Micros
SOME ANT MACROS Anthony Thomas Email: mothman AT nbnet.nb.ca Introduction See the article “Some Fly Macros” in the April 2015 issue of Micscape Magazine for an introduction to my macro photography. Here 12 of the ant genera found locally are imaged to show some of the various forms these tiny insects exhibit. In other parts of the world there are some really bizarre ants; many illustrated in AntWeb. The common names used here are from Ellison et al. 2012. “A Field Guide to the Ants of New England”. Yale University Press. The Ants Ants, of course, are Insects in the Order: Hymenoptera which includes the bees, wasps, and sawflies as well as the ants. The ants are placed in their own Family: Formicidae. The family is further subdivided into Subfamilies, Genera, and finally Species. In North America there are 10 Subfamilies, 73 Genera, and about 1,000 species. Where I live in New Brunswick, Canada, there are perhaps 15 genera and about 60 species. Within genera species identification is often difficult. However, it is relatively easy to place an ant into its correct genus. Most local ants are small, about 5mm or less for the workers and perhaps 13mm for the queens of some of the larger species. At 5mm the workers make interesting subjects for macro-photography; here I will show some of the different genera I have been able to find in the last couple of years. 1] Subfamily Ponerinae, The Wretched, Laboring Ants, Ponera These are regarded as primitive ants more closely related to the wasps than are the other subfamilies. -
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)* by William P
A COMPARISON OF THE NEST PHENOLOGIES OF THREE SPECIES OF POGONOMYRMEX HARVESTER ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)* BY WILLIAM P. MACKAY Departamento de Entomologia Colegio de Graduados Escuela Superior de Agricultura Ciudad Jufirez, Chih. M6xico INTRODUCTION Ants are among the most abundant animals in most habitats (Petal 1967) and may even be the dominant insects in many ecosystems (Nielsen 1972; Nielsen and Jensen 1975). Harvester ants of the genus Pogonomyrmex are a major component of the energy flux through ecosystems (Golley and Gentry 1964). Ants of this genus have become increasingly important in ecological studies, including mutualism (O'Dowd and Hay 1980), competition (Mares and Rosenzweig 1978; Reichman 1979; Davidson 1980), predation (Whitford and Bryant 1979), foraging (Whitford and Ettershank 1975; H611dobler 1976a; Whitford 1976, 1978a; Davidson 1977a, b; Taylor 1977), community structure (Davidson 1977a, b; Whitford 1978b), and impact on ecosystems (Clark and Comanor 1975; Reichman 1979). It is difficult to investigate harvester ants as seasonal processes occurring inside the nest are generally unknown and the nest populations are usually underestimated. This investigation compares the nest phenologies of three species of Pogonornyrmex harvester ants: P. montanus MacKay, P. subnitidus Emery, and P. rugosus.Emery, which occur at high, mid, and low altitudes respectively. These data form the basis for a comparison of the ecological energetics of the three species (MacKay 1981). MATERIALS AND METHODS The species investigated. The altitudinal comparison is based on three species of harvester *This research constitutes Chapter 3 of a dissertaion submitted to the faculty of the University of California, Riverside, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Ph.D. -
Effects of Forest Edges, Exotic Ants and Nonnative Plants on Local Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Urban Forest Fragments of Northeastern Ohio
Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU ETD Archive 2010 Effects of Forest Edges, Exotic Ants and Nonnative Plants on Local Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Urban Forest Fragments of Northeastern Ohio Kaloyan Ivanov Cleveland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/etdarchive Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation Ivanov, Kaloyan, "Effects of Forest Edges, Exotic Ants and Nonnative Plants on Local Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Urban Forest Fragments of Northeastern Ohio" (2010). ETD Archive. 141. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/etdarchive/141 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in ETD Archive by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF FOREST EDGES, EXOTIC ANTS AND NONNATIVE PLANTS ON LOCAL ANT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) DIVERSITY IN URBAN FOREST FRAGMENTS OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO KALOYAN IVANOV Master of Science in Entomology Sofia University Sofia, Bulgaria 2000 Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN REGULATORY BIOLOGY at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY December, 2010 This dissertation has been approved for the Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and for the College of Graduate Studies by Date: Dr. Joe B. Keiper, Virginia Museum of Natural History Major Advisor Date: Dr. B. Michael Walton, BGES / CSU Advisory Committee Member Date: Dr. Robert A. Krebs, BGES / CSU Advisory Committee Member Date: Dr. Jaharul Haque, The Cleveland Clinic Advisory Committee Member Date: Dr. -
The Study of Mutualistic Benefits to Plants in Myrmecochory Mariah Taylor Patton [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Trace University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Publications and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Other Works Fall 2014 “Redirecting” the Study of Mutualistic Benefits To Plants In Myrmecochory Mariah Taylor Patton [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_ecolpubs Recommended Citation Patton, Mariah T. "“Redirecting” the study of mutualistic benefits ot plants in myrmecochory" (2014). University of Tennessee Honors Thesis Projects. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Redirecting” the study of mutualistic benefits to plants in myrmecochory By Mariah Patton Mentor: Dr. Charles Kwit 1 Abstract Myrmecochory is typically cast as a mutualistic relationship in which seed dispersal of plants with elaiosome-bearing seeds is performed by ants. Benefits of this mutualism may seem simple at first: ants gain a nutritive reward via elaiosomes, while plant propagules gain protection and a more suitable microsite for establishment and growth. However, there is growing literature suggesting that ants may not consistently receive benefits from elaiosome-based diets, and studies depicting plant benefits are constrained by the “ideal” model framework, by temporal limitations, and by limitations of sources of mortality that have typically been investigated.