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Pediatric Surgery Surgery about the book… Addressing the need of pediatricians and pediatric surgeons for a one-stop, comprehensive text on pediatric surgery, Complications in Pediatric Surgery covers each case a physician may encounter upon treating the pediatric surgical patient, from fetus to adolescent. Complications in Pediatric Surgery provides separate and concise chapters, each of which P COMPLICATIONS IN concentrates on a specific area of the body. The chapters highlight common surgical errors and EDIATRI complications, as well as the approaches and techniques to be used in the face of such COMPLI complications. Including key expert opinions in each section, this text explores following therapeutic areas: • head and neck surgery • appendicitis • thoracic and chest wall surgery • hepatobiliary surgery • extracorporeal life support • surgery of the spleen PEDI ATR IC • fetal surgery • oncologic surgery • abdominal wall and hernia surgery • laparoscopic and thorascopic surgery • intestinal and vascular access • pediatric trauma C C • esophageal surgery • transplantation ATIONS • stomach, duodenum, and small intestine • urologic surgery • colon and anorectal surgery S URGERY SURGERY about the editor... MICHAEL G. CATY is the John E. Fisher Chair in Surgery and Surgeon-in-Chief of the Women and EDITED BY MIchAEL G. CATY, M.D. Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, and he holds the academic position of Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics at the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA. Dr. Caty attended I Boston College, Boston, and received his M.D. from the University of Massachusetts, Worcester, N Massachusetts, USA. He trained in general surgery at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and in pediatric surgery at Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Associate Editors Printed in the United States of America Philip L. Glick, M.D., M.B.A. Marc A. Levitt, M.D. Jeffrey H. Haynes, M.D. CATY DK3443 nC nM nY nK nPMSXXX nPMSXXX COMPLICATIONS IN PEDI ATR IC SURGERY Caty_978-0824728366_TP.indd 1 10/30/08 12:26:07 PM COMPLICATIONS IN PEDI ATR IC SURGERY Edited by MICHAEL G. CATY, M.D. State University of New York at Buffalo Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo, New York, USA Associate Editors Philip L. Glick, M.D., M.B.A. State University of New York at Buffalo Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo, New York, USA Marc A. Levitt, M.D. University of Cincinnati School of Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Jeffrey H. Haynes, M.D. Medical College of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Richmond, Virgina, USA Caty_978-0824728366_TP.indd 2 10/30/08 12:26:07 PM SJT SJT IHBK013-FM IHBK013-Caty October 25, 2008 7:57 Char Count= Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017 C 2009 by Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. Informa Healthcare is an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10987654321 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8247-2836-X (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8247-2836-6 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequence of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Complications in pediatric surgery / edited by Michael G. Caty. p.;cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8247-2836-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8247-2836-X (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Children–Surgery–Complications. I. Caty, Michael G. [DNLM: 1. Surgical Procedures, Operative. 2. Child. 3. Infant. 4. Intraoperative Complications. WO 925 C737 2008] RD137.C586 2008 617.9 8–dc22 2008035269 For Corporate Sales and Reprint Permissions call 212-520-2700 or write to: Sales Department, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, 16th floor, New York, NY 10017. Visit the Informa Web site at www.informa.com and the Informa Healthcare Web site at www.informahealthcare.com SJT SJT IHBK013-FM IHBK013-Caty October 25, 2008 8:9 Char Count= Foreword Drs. Caty, Glick, Levitt, and Haynes have produced a different kind of book on Complications in Pediatric Surgery. They have divided this book into two sections: the first section is devoted to systematic issues, as they relate to complications and the second section deals with specific organ systems and operations. Most textbooks on surgical complications are organized in the same way as the second section of this book, namely, along organ systems and operations. The first section of this book provides a unique and innovative addition to the literature on patient safety. In the current era, hospitals and medical centers are intensely focused on safety and error prevention, spending a huge amount of their resources and money on these problems. This becomes immediately obvious when we see the introduction of electronic medical records and order entries in most medical centers in the United States. It impacts on surgeons more specifically with regards to the “time outs” we all go through in the operating room before each surgical procedure. Site marking is another example of these efforts in the operating room. Medical centers are looking to the aviation industry’s experience with error reduction as a template for medical error reduction. Thus, the chapter by John Nance on this subject is a welcome addition to the book. The second section of the book, as mentioned above, represents a more traditional approach to complications in surgery, being organized along organ systems and specific diag- noses and operations. The authors have again been innovative in this section by having experts on various operations answering a specific list of questions about the technical details of the various operations. As we all know, one cannot learn to do an operation from a textbook or atlas because all the small details of the operation, which can make the difference between success and failure, cannot all be illustrated through drawings or photographs. The saying “the devil is in the details” is applicable to a complex operation. However, the approach the editors have taken by asking a list of detailed questions about the procedure to the expert comes as close as possible to watching the expert actually do the operation. In summary, this new textbook of Complications in Pediatric Surgery offers both traditional and innovative approaches to pediatric surgical error reduction and management, and will be a significant addition to any pediatric surgeon’s library. Arnold G. Coran, M.D. Professor of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. SJT SJT IHBK013-FM IHBK013-Caty October 25, 2008 8:9 Char Count= SJT SJT IHBK013-FM IHBK013-Caty October 30, 2008 10:21 Char Count= Preface As pediatric surgeons, our goal is to achieve optimal surgical outcomes. In order to attain success, it is imperative that we avoid complications. The phrase primum non nocere (first do no harm) is known to all who practice medicine. This mandate has been central to the practice of medicine and demands that physicians avoid medical error. The publication of “To Err Is Human” by the Institute of Medicine in 1999 crystallized the problem of medical error in the United States, demonstrating that within hospitals each year approximately 100,000 patients died due to medical error. This was a sentinel event in health care, calling for improved medical safety both in and out of hospitals. The report emphasized not only individual physician error, but also the significant role “systems” errors play. Our textbook attempts to balance a perspective between systems issues and the more traditional organ based complication avoidance strategies. In the first part of the text, systems approaches to medicine are explored from several points of view, including aviation, the legal system, medication safety, and evidence-based medicine. The second part of the text follows an organ-based approach to complication recognition and avoidance. Contained within the second part of the text is a series of discussions with experts on complication avoidance and management. Each expert responded to a series of questions pertaining to an operation with which they had considerable experience and expertise. These responses come from years of experience in the management of these problems and should prove useful to all pediatric surgeons. Complications in Pediatric Surgery is the authors’ and editors’ contribution to improve the practice of pediatric surgery. It is our hope that the medical community, and in turn all patients, will benefit from the information contained within this text. Michael G. Caty, M.D. SJT SJT IHBK013-FM IHBK013-Caty October 30, 2008 10:21 Char Count= SJT SJT IHBK013-FM IHBK013-Caty October 30, 2008 9:59 Char Count= Contents Foreword Arnold G.
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