DOCSLIB.ORG

Yucca Mountain Project Area Exists for Quality Data Development in the Vadose Zone Below About 400 Feet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

< I Mifflin & Associates 2700 East Sunset Road, SufteInc. C2 Las Vegas, Nevada 89120 PRELIMINARY 7021798-0402 & 3026 FAX: 702/798-6074 ~ADd/tDaeii -00/( YUCCA MOUNTAIN PRO1. A Summary of Technical Support Activities January 1987 to June 1988 By: Mifflin & Associates, Inc. LaS Vegas, Nevada K) Submitted to: .State of Nevada Agency for Nuclear Projects Nuclear Waste Project Office Carson City, Nevada H E C El V E ii MAY 15 1989 NUCLEAR WASTE PROJECt OFFICE May 1989 Volume I 3-4:0 89110o3028905a, WASTE PLDR wM-11PDC 1/1 1 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRO DUCTION ............................................................................................................................ page3 AREAS OF EFFORT A. Vadose Zone Drilling Program ............................................................................................. 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................... 9 B. Clim ate Change Program ....................................................................................................... 15 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 16 Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 18 Appendix B ............................................................................................................................... 24 C. Geochem istry and Mineralogy Program ................................................................................. 34 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 35 Geochemical RetardatiorvTransport of Radionuclides to the Accessible Environment ........... 37 Issues ............................................................................................................................... 38 Site-Specific Mineralogy and Geophysical Studies to Establish the Hydrogeology of the Vadose Zone ................................................................................. 49 Issues ............................................................................................................................... 50 Past Climate and Related Genesis of Authigenic Desert Carbonates and Silicates .......... 54 Issues ............................................................................................................................... 55 Appendix C ............................................................................................................................... 61 D. Disturbed Zone Program ....... ........................................ 62 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 63 Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 65 Ap pendix D............................................................................................................................... 71 E. Review of Technical Docum ents Program ............................................................................ 77 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 78 Appendix E ............................................................................................................................... 80 -2- MY89051 Id INTRODUCTION The Nevdda Nuclear Waste Project Office, State of Nevada, has developed a technical oversight program as provided for In the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA). This Act and subsequent amendments has led to the selection of Yucca Mountain In Nevada for site characterization as a high-level nuclear waste repository. The Intent and letter of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act Is to establish a geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste that is predicated on long-term waste Isolation soley supported by a combination of the geologic environment and engineered barriers. A 10,000 year time frame for waste Isolation is required due to the long-lived nature of the radionuclides associated with high-level radioactive waste and the need to prevent these radionuclides from reaching the accessible environment in any significant concentrations. The technical and scientific challenge of establishing such a repository is unprecedented due to a combination of factors, Including: the large volumes and heat-producing nature of the waste, the long period of time necessary for waste Isolation from hydrologic or other natural systems, and the Impossibility of using or relying upon engineered barriers for prolonged waste Isolation. The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) has been charged with executing the selection, construction, and operation of the high-level nuclear waste repository program; and the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has the regulatory responsibility of issuing the varying licenses for construction and operation of the repository. The State of Nevada, as an affected party under the NWPA, has an oversight role. The Nuclear Waste Project Office of the State of Nevada executes the technical oversight, and Mifflin & Associates, Inc. (MAI) Is one of its technical support contractors In hydrogeology and closely-related technical areas. This report is a summary of the technical support activities of Mifflin & Associates, Inc., during the 18-month period beginning 01 January 1987 and ending on 30 June 1988. It covers the following topics: Vadose Zone Drilling Site Selection, Permits, and Quality Assurance (QA) Procedures Climate Change Geochemistry and Mineralogy Disturbed Zone Hydrogeology Review of Technical Documents The report is organized by generally discussing each topic from the following perspectives: Issue(s) Objective(s) of Activity Finding(s) Interpretation of Finding(s) Additional Work Needed Recommended Program Existing Program Each Topic/Section has its own Appendix and Is preceded by a general Introduction. In order to keep the size of the report reasonable, while at the same time, ensuring coverage of crucial points, only lists of technical procedures and research plans contained in the past monthly reports are provided as well as three samples of such technical documents: Technical Procedures for Documentation of Research Activities and Daily Drilling Activity Summary Form; Research Plan for Sampling at or near Yucca Mountain; Research Plan for Vadose Drilling and Cuttings Sampling at or near Yucca Mountain. However, all published works and important progress reports or findings emanating from our activities are Included in the Appendices for each section. -3- MY89051 ld I I Section A Vadose-Zone Drilling Program -4- MY89051 ld Vadose-Zone Drilling Program Introduction Review of the DOE vadose-zone drilling program and borehole history reports Indicate that water or water-based fluids have been Injected Into all drillholes which fully penetrated the vadose zone at Yucca Mountain. In addition, UZ-1 borehole was drilled with a vacuum method at great expense but failed to fully penetrate a zone of (perched?) saturation. UZ-1 Is so large in diameter that moisture conditions may not equilibrate to predrilling conditions before the useful lives of the emplaced monitoring instruments terminate. UZ-6 also did not fully penetrate the vadose zone using the same method and it also proved extremely costly. UZ-6 is also too large In diameter for useful monitoring .of moisture with conventional instruments. Numerous shallow moisture-monitoring holes (N-series neutron logging) were drilled with the ODEX method using air as the circulation fluid, but the depths achieved (maximum is less than 400 ft.) are Insufficient to study the full thickness of the vadose zone. The WT-series holes were drilled with air-foam, which requires addition of large amounts of water. The G and H series holes were drilled using conventional drilling fluids. Therefore, not one borehole at Yucca Mountain project area exists for quality data development In the vadose zone below about 400 feet. The Ideal drilling method should be capable of air drilling to 2,000 feet for full penetration of the vadose zone in some areas. The proposed State of Nevada vadose-zone drilling program sites are located to sample as many of the unsaturated tuff zones as possible without drilling on the repository block or in the DOE "core" area. The first round of drilling would establish the methodology In terms of drilling and sampling in the hydrogeologic environment of Yucca Mountain and allow analytical results on samples to be compared with DOE postulates. DOE samples of either water or rock from the repository block would not be comparable to sample obtained utilizing the proposed drilling methodology. Eventually, similar data must be developed from several boreholes on the repository block to confidently characterize the site. The proposed State of Nevada sites are located to allow penetration- in the vadose zone for suspected key hydrostratigraphic horizons at the repository block. The uppermost
Recommended publications
  • Spatially-Explicit Modeling of Modern and Pleistocene Runoff and Lake Extent in the Great Basin Region, Western United States

    Spatially-Explicit Modeling of Modern and Pleistocene Runoff and Lake Extent in the Great Basin Region, Western United States

    Spatially-explicit modeling of modern and Pleistocene runoff and lake extent in the Great Basin region, western United States Yo Matsubara1 Alan D. Howard1 1Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia P.O. Box 400123 Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 Abstract A spatially-explicit hydrological model balancing yearly precipitation and evaporation is applied to the Great Basin Region of the southwestern United States to predict runoff magnitude and lake distribution during present and Pleistocene climatic conditions. The model iteratively routes runoff through, and evaporation from, depressions to find a steady state solution. The model is calibrated with spatially-explicit annual precipitation estimates and compiled data on pan evaporation, mean annual temperature, and total yearly runoff from stations. The predicted lake distribution provides a close match to present-day lakes. For the last glacial maximum the sizes of lakes Bonneville and Lahontan were well predicted by linear combinations of decrease in mean annual temperature from 0 to 6 °C and increases in precipitation from 0.8 to 1.9 times modern values. Estimated runoff depths were about 1.2 to 4.0 times the present values and yearly evaporation about 0.3 to 1 times modern values. 2 1. Introduction The Great Basin of the southwestern United States in the Basin and Range physiographic province contains enclosed basins featuring perennial and ephemeral lakes, playas and salt pans (Fig. 1). The Great Basin consists of the entire state of Nevada, western Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming. At present it supports an extremely dry, desert environment; however, about 40 lakes (some reaching the size of present day Great Lakes) episodically occupied the Great Basin, most recently during the last glacial maximum (LGM) [Snyder and Langbein, 1962; Hostetler et al., 1994; Madsen et al., 2001].
  • Open-File/Color For

    Open-File/Color For

    Questions about Lake Manly’s age, extent, and source Michael N. Machette, Ralph E. Klinger, and Jeffrey R. Knott ABSTRACT extent to form more than a shallow n this paper, we grapple with the timing of Lake Manly, an inconstant lake. A search for traces of any ancient lake that inundated Death Valley in the Pleistocene upper lines [shorelines] around the slopes Iepoch. The pluvial lake(s) of Death Valley are known col- leading into Death Valley has failed to lectively as Lake Manly (Hooke, 1999), just as the term Lake reveal evidence that any considerable lake Bonneville is used for the recurring deep-water Pleistocene lake has ever existed there.” (Gale, 1914, p. in northern Utah. As with other closed basins in the western 401, as cited in Hunt and Mabey, 1966, U.S., Death Valley may have been occupied by a shallow to p. A69.) deep lake during marine oxygen-isotope stages II (Tioga glacia- So, almost 20 years after Russell’s inference of tion), IV (Tenaya glaciation), and/or VI (Tahoe glaciation), as a lake in Death Valley, the pot was just start- well as other times earlier in the Quaternary. Geomorphic ing to simmer. C arguments and uranium-series disequilibrium dating of lacus- trine tufas suggest that most prominent high-level features of RECOGNITION AND NAMING OF Lake Manly, such as shorelines, strandlines, spits, bars, and tufa LAKE MANLY H deposits, are related to marine oxygen-isotope stage VI (OIS6, In 1924, Levi Noble—who would go on to 128-180 ka), whereas other geomorphic arguments and limited have a long and distinguished career in Death radiocarbon and luminescence age determinations suggest a Valley—discovered the first evidence for a younger lake phase (OIS 2 or 4).
  • Bildnachweis

    Bildnachweis

    Bildnachweis Im Bildnachweis verwendete Abkürzungen: With permission from the Geological Society of Ame- rica l – links; m – Mitte; o – oben; r – rechts; u – unten 4.65; 6.52; 6.183; 8.7 Bilder ohne Nachweisangaben stammen vom Autor. Die Autoren der Bildquellen werden in den Bildunterschriften With permission from the Society for Sedimentary genannt; die bibliographischen Angaben sind in der Literaturlis- Geology (SEPM) te aufgeführt. Viele Autoren/Autorinnen und Verlage/Institutio- 6.2ul; 6.14; 6.16 nen haben ihre Einwilligung zur Reproduktion von Abbildungen gegeben. Dafür sei hier herzlich gedankt. Für die nachfolgend With permission from the American Association for aufgeführten Abbildungen haben ihre Zustimmung gegeben: the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Box Eisbohrkerne Dr; 2.8l; 2.8r; 2.13u; 2.29; 2.38l; Box Die With permission from Elsevier Hockey-Stick-Diskussion B; 4.65l; 4.53; 4.88mr; Box Tuning 2.64; 3.5; 4.6; 4.9; 4.16l; 4.22ol; 4.23; 4.40o; 4.40u; 4.50; E; 5.21l; 5.49; 5.57; 5.58u; 5.61; 5.64l; 5.64r; 5.68; 5.86; 4.70ul; 4.70ur; 4.86; 4.88ul; Box Tuning A; 4.95; 4.96; 4.97; 5.99; 5.100l; 5.100r; 5.118; 5.119; 5.123; 5.125; 5.141; 5.158r; 4.98; 5.12; 5.14r; 5.23ol; 5.24l; 5.24r; 5.25; 5.54r; 5.55; 5.56; 5.167l; 5.167r; 5.177m; 5.177u; 5.180; 6.43r; 6.86; 6.99l; 6.99r; 5.65; 5.67; 5.70; 5.71o; 5.71ul; 5.71um; 5.72; 5.73; 5.77l; 5.79o; 6.144; 6.145; 6.148; 6.149; 6.160; 6.162; 7.18; 7.19u; 7.38; 5.80; 5.82; 5.88; 5.94; 5.94ul; 5.95; 5.108l; 5.111l; 5.116; 5.117; 7.40ur; 8.19; 9.9; 9.16; 9.17; 10.8 5.126; 5.128u; 5.147o; 5.147u;
  • Coyote Lake Lahontan Cutthroat Trout

    Coyote Lake Lahontan Cutthroat Trout

    Oregon Native Fish Status Report – Volume II Coyote Lake Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Existing Populations Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in the Coyote Lakes basin are remnant of a larger population inhabiting pluvial Lake Lahontan during the Pleistocene era. Hydrologic access routes of founding cutthroat trout from Lake Lahontan basin into the Coyote Lakes basin have yet to be described (Coffin and Cowan 1995). The Coyote Lake Lahontan Cutthroat Trout SMU is comprised of five populations (Table 1). All populations express a resident life history strategy; however large individuals in the Willow and Whitehorse Complex populations suggest a migratory component may exist. Table 1. Populations, existence status, and life history of the Coyote Lake Lahontan Cutthroat Trout SMU. Exist Population Description Life History Yes Willow Willow Creek and tributaries. Resident / Migratory Yes Whitehorse Complex Whitehorse and Little Whitehorse Creeks, and Resident / Migratory tributaries. Yes Doolittle Doolittle Creek above barrier. Resident Yes Cottonwood Cottonwood Creek above barrier. Resident Yes Antelope Antelope Creek. Resident Lahontan cutthroat trout from Willow and Whitehorse creeks were transplanted into Cottonwood Creek in 1971 and 1980, and into Antelope Creek in 1972 (Hanson et al. 1993). Whether Lahontan cutthroat trout were present in these creeks prior to stocking activities is disputed (Behnke 1992, Hanson et al. 1993, Coffin and Cowan 1995, K. Jones, ODFW Research Biologist, Corvallis, OR personal communication). For the purpose of this review these populations are considered native. Lahontan cutthroat trout were also transplanted into Fifteenmile Creek above a natural barrier (Hanson et al. 1993), but they did not establish a self- sustaining population (ODFW Aquatic Inventory Project, unpublished data).
  • Carbonate Deposition, Pyramid Lake Subbasin, Nevada: 2

    Carbonate Deposition, Pyramid Lake Subbasin, Nevada: 2

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research US Geological Survey 1995 Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 2. Lake levels and polar jet stream positions reconstructed from radiocarbon ages and elevations of carbonates (tufas) deposited in the Lahontan basin Larry Benson U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Michaele Kashgarian Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory Meyer Rubin U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Geology Commons, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons, Other Earth Sciences Commons, and the Other Environmental Sciences Commons Benson, Larry; Kashgarian, Michaele; and Rubin, Meyer, "Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 2. Lake levels and polar jet stream positions reconstructed from radiocarbon ages and elevations of carbonates (tufas) deposited in the Lahontan basin" (1995). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 1014. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/1014 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PhJ.d @ ELSEVIER Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 117 (1995) 1-30 Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 2. Lake levels and polar jet stream positions reconstructed from radiocarbon ages and elevations of carbonates (tufas) deposited in the Lahontan basin Larry Benson a, Michaele Kashgarian b, Meyer Rubin c a U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, USA b Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O.
  • Fluctuation in the Level of Pluvial Lake Lahontan During the Last 40,000 Years

    Fluctuation in the Level of Pluvial Lake Lahontan During the Last 40,000 Years

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223480686 Fluctuation in the level of pluvial Lake Lahontan during the last 40,000 years Article in Quaternary Research · May 1978 DOI: 10.1016/0033-5894(78)90035-2 CITATIONS READS 91 132 All content following this page was uploaded by Larry V. Benson on 29 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. QUATERNARY RESEARCH 9,300-318 (1978) Fluctuation in the Level of Pluvial Lake Lahontan During the Last 40,000 Years LARRY V. BENSON Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Received July 25, 1977 Samples of algal tufa, gastropods and calcite-cemented-<and were collected from the Walker and Pyramid Lake areas of the Lahontan Basin, Nevada.; X-ray diffraction petrographic and radiocarbon analyses show that massive forms o i %& such as the dendritic variety contain secondary carbon-bearing material and therefore yield unreliable radiocarbon dates. Dense coating of tufa (lithoid), however, gave radiocarbon ages in agreement with dates on coexisting aragonite gastropods. Radiocarbon data from the study were combined with previously dated noncarbonate materials [Born, S. M. (1972). “Lake Quatemary History, Deltaic Sedimentation, and Mudlump Formation at Pyramid Lake, Nevada,” Center for Water Resources, Desert Research Inst., Reno, Nevada] to give an internally consistent record of lake level fluctuations for the past 40,000 years. The main features of the Lahontan chronology are (1) extreme high stands (1330 m above sea level) 13,500 to 11,000 and 25,000 to 22,000 B.P., (2) a moderate high stand (1260 m above sea level) 20,000 to 15,000 B.P., (3) a low stand of unknown elevation 40,000 to 25,000 B.P., (4) an extremely low stand 9000 to 5OOO.EP?.and (5) an overall increas;;‘Ei%e%e~%&r and Pyramid Lakes du%g-the past 5000 years, until the late 19th century.
  • Review and Annotated Bibliography of Ancient Lake Deposits (Precambrian to Pleistocene) G-I in the Western States As Jz;

    Review and Annotated Bibliography of Ancient Lake Deposits (Precambrian to Pleistocene) G-I in the Western States As Jz;

    o 00 o H Review and Annotated Bibliography of Ancient Lake Deposits (Precambrian to Pleistocene) g-i in the Western States as Jz; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1080 02 O PH O z eq P S3 Review and Annotated Bibliography of Ancient Lake Deposits (Precambrian to Pleistocene) in the Western States By JOHN H. FETH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1080 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library catalog card for this publication appears after page 119. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract_________._.______-___--__--_---__-_-_------.--_-_-_-__ 1 Introduction.________________________----_-_-____--__-__---._-___- 2 Definitions__ _ _____________--__-_-_--__--_--___-___-___---______ 13 Maps.._____-_______--_-__--------------------------------------- 13 Criteria for the recognition of lake deposits. __-_______.___-_-__.-_____ 17 Definitive criteria____ _ _____-____-__-________---_-___-----_._ 17 Fossils. _-_--____---__-_.---_-------_-----__-_------_. 17 Evaporite deposits..._-_------_------_-------_--------_---. 20 Shore features_________---__-_-------__-_---_-_-_--_-_--_ 21 Suggestive criteria.______.-_-_--___-____---_.-____-__-____.--_. 21 Regional relations._.._-_..-____-..--...__..._..._._.._.... 21 Local evidence.___-__---_--------_--__---_-----_--------__ 22 Grain size, bedding, and lamination...._._.____.___.___.
  • Paleoclimatic Implications of the High Stand of Lake Lahontan Derived from Models of Evaporation and Lake Level S Hostetler US Geological Survey

    Paleoclimatic Implications of the High Stand of Lake Lahontan Derived from Models of Evaporation and Lake Level S Hostetler US Geological Survey

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research US Geological Survey 1990 Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level S Hostetler US Geological Survey Larry Benson University of Colorado at Boulder, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Hostetler, S and Benson, Larry, "Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level" (1990). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 790. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/790 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Climate Dynamics (1990) 4:207-217 ( lima|¢ Dynamics © Springer-Verlag 1990 Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level S Hostetler and LV Benson US Geological Survey, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000ML, Boulder, Co 80301-3000, USA Received December 4, 1989/Accepted May 7, 1990 Abstract. Based on previous climate model simulations models is coarse (the NCAR Community Climate Mod- of a split of the polar jet stream during the late Pleisto- el, CCMO, used by Kutzbach and Gutter has a 4.4 ° la- cene, we hypothesize that (1) 20-13.5 ka BP, season-to- titude grid), (2) the boundary conditions (e.g., sea sur- season variation in the latitudinal maximum of the jet face temperatures and the size and height of the ice stream core led to enhanced wetness in the Great Basin, sheet) in the modeling experiments were prescribed, and (2) after 13.5 ka BP, northward movement of the jet and (3) the models can have deficiencies that may lead stream resulted in increased aridity similar to today.
  • Highest Pluvial-Lake Shorelines and Pleistocene Climate of the Western Great Basin

    Highest Pluvial-Lake Shorelines and Pleistocene Climate of the Western Great Basin

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223575168 Highest Pluvial-Lake Shorelines and Pleistocene Climate of the Western Great Basin Article in Quaternary Research · September 1999 DOI: 10.1006/qres.1999.2064 CITATIONS READS 34 70 1 author: Marith C. Reheis United States Geological Survey 119 PUBLICATIONS 3,485 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: fun in retirement! View project Tephrochronology Project View project All content following this page was uploaded by Marith C. Reheis on 19 July 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Quaternary Research 52, 196–205 (1999) Article ID qres.1999.2064, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Highest Pluvial-Lake Shorelines and Pleistocene Climate of the Western Great Basin Marith Reheis U.S. Geological Survey, MS-980, Federal Center, Box 25046, Denver, Colorado 80225 Received November 10, 1998 The focus of this paper is on the paleoclimatic implications Shoreline altitudes of several pluvial lakes in the western Great and possible causes of the large, pre-late Pleistocene lakes. Basin of North America record successively smaller lakes from the However, I briefly document here the evidence for, and ages early to the late Pleistocene. This decrease in lake size indicates a of, these older pluvial lakes, which are discussed in detail in long-term drying trend in the regional climate that is not seen in Reheis and Morrison (1997) and Reheis et al. (in press). The 1 global marine oxygen-isotope records.
  • Reconnaissance Bathymetry of Basins Occupied by Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, Nevada and California L

    Reconnaissance Bathymetry of Basins Occupied by Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, Nevada and California L

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications of the US Geological Survey US Geological Survey 1986 RECONNAISSANCE BATHYMETRY OF BASINS OCCUPIED BY PLEISTOCENE LAKE LAHONTAN, NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA L. V. Benson National Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey M. D. Mifflin Desert Research Institute Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgspubs Benson, L. V. and Mifflin, M. D., "RECONNAISSANCE BATHYMETRY OF BASINS OCCUPIED BY PLEISTOCENE LAKE LAHONTAN, NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA" (1986). Publications of the US Geological Survey. 131. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgspubs/131 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications of the US Geological Survey by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. RECONNAISSANCE BATHYMETRY OF BASINS OCCUPIED BY PLEISTOCENE LAKE LAHONTAN, NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA u.s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4262 RECONNAISSANCE BATHYMETRY OF BASINS OCCUPIED BY PLEISTOCENE LAKE LAHONTAN, NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA By L. V. Bensonl and M. D. Mifflin2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations' Report 85-4262 lNational Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 2Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada Denver, Colorado 1986 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck,
  • Pluvial Lakes in the Great Basin of the Western United States-A View From

    Pluvial Lakes in the Great Basin of the Western United States-A View From

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262806093 Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States—a view from the outcrop Article in Quaternary Science Reviews · August 2014 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.012 CITATIONS READS 28 172 4 authors, including: Marith C. Reheis United States Geological Survey 119 PUBLICATIONS 3,485 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: fun in retirement! View project Tephrochronology Project View project All content following this page was uploaded by Marith C. Reheis on 26 April 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Quaternary Science Reviews 97 (2014) 33e57 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Invited review Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United Statesda view from the outcrop Marith C. Reheis a,*, Kenneth D. Adams b, Charles G. Oviatt c, Steven N. Bacon b a U.S. Geological Survey, MS-980, Federal Center Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225, USA b Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA c Department of Geology, Kansas State University, 108 Thompson Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA article info abstract Article history: Paleo-lakes in the western United States provide geomorphic and hydrologic records of climate and Received 1 March 2013 drainage-basin change at multiple time scales extending back to the Miocene.
  • Geologic Framework and Glaciation of the Western Area Christopher L

    Geologic Framework and Glaciation of the Western Area Christopher L

    Boise State University ScholarWorks Anthropology Faculty Publications and Department of Anthropology Presentations 1-1-2006 Geologic Framework and Glaciation of the Western Area Christopher L. Hill Boise State University This document was originally published in Handbook of North American Indians. Geologic Framework and Glaciation of the Western Area CHRISTOPHER L. HILL The geologic framework for western North America consists late 1800s (Chamberlin 1894). The possibility that this of physical landscapes (geomorphic features) and strati­ inland route was a migration route was suggested (W.A. graphic sequences that can be used to provide a basis for Johnston 1933:22, 42). Years before the advent of radio­ understanding the chronologic and environmental context carbon dating, Antevs (l935a:302) suggested that people for Late Pleistocene human populations. The Western Area first "spread along on the eastern foot of the Rockies where includes the region of North America from the Pacific coast an ice-free corridor had formed some 20,000 to 15 ,000 to the Rocky Mountains and parts of the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau (figs. 1-2). The Late Pleistocene geology of western North America has been significantly influenced by global-scale changes in climate. For instance, much of the northern part of the region was covered by glaciers of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, and glaciers were also present in the southern part of the Western Area, from the Sierra Nevada bordering the west side of the Great Basin to the southern Rocky Mountains (fig. 2). Besides the consequences of the extent and timing of glacial advance and melting for the presence of land­ scape-habitats available for biotic communities, changes in climate and local geologic processes influenced the rela­ tive sea level along the Pacific coast and the availability of terrains.