Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Municipality of Coron
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FLORA SURVEY AND BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT FOR CORE ZONING MUNICIPALITY OF CORON September 2006 Prepared for: PALAWAN COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Palawan Center for Sustainable Development Sta. Monica Heights, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines 5300 Email: [email protected] Tel.: (63-48) 434-4235, Fax: 434-4234 Funded through a loan from : JAPAN BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Prepared by: PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL in association with ALMEC Corporation CERTEZA Information Systems, Inc. DARUMA Technologies Inc. Geo-Surveys & Mapping, Inc. Photo Credits: All photos by SEMP-NP ECAN Zoning Component Project Management Office This report can be reproduced as long as the convenors are properly acknowledged as the source of information Reproduction of this publication for sale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the written consent of the publisher. Printed by: Futuristic Printing Press, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines Suggested Citation: PCSDS. 2006. Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Municipality of Coron. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page List of Tables v List of Figures vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 NEED FOR FLORA SURVEY 1 2.1 The Legal Basis for Management 3 2.2 Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act or 3 R.A. 7611 2.3 The Local Government Code of 1991 3 2.4 The National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) 3 Act 2.5 Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines 4 3.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 4 4.0 LIMITATION OF THE SURVEY 4 5.0 METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY 5 5.1 Field Equipment and Supplies Preparation 5 5.2 Manpower Requirements 5 5.3 Sampling Design 6 6.0 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING AND DELINEATING 8 CORE ZONES 7.0 RESULTS OF THE SURVEY 9 7.1 Physical Characteristics of Coron 9 7.1.1 Topography 9 7.1.2 Soils 9 7.1.3 Climate 9 7.1.4 River Systems and Drainage 9 7.1.5 Tourist Attraction Areas 10 7.1.6 Built-up and Road Network 10 7.2 Biological Characteristics and Land Uses in the Uplands 10 _________________________________________________________________________ iii Title Page 7.3 Biodiversity Assessment 12 7.3.1 Ecology of the Plant Forms 12 7.4 Biodiversity Levels 14 7.4.1 Similarity Index 17 7.4.2 Dominance of Species 17 7.4.3 Endangered Species 18 8.0 POTENTIAL CORE ZONE COORDINATES 19 9.0 ISSUES, PROBLEMS AND THREATS TO CORE 23 ZONES 9.1 Land Degradation Problems in the Uplands 23 10.0 PRESENT AND POTENTIAL THREATS 24 11.0 PROPOSED MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS OF 25 CORE ZONES 12.0 PROPOSED MEASURES TO REHABILITATE 25 DEGRADED ECOSYSTEMS 13.0 SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS 26 14.0 CONCLUSIONS 27 REFERENCES 28 APPENDICES ANNEXES 30 Annex 1. Coron Pictures 30 Annex 2. Checklist of Angiosperms (Non-monocots Paleoherbs and 38 Dicots) of Coron, Palawan Annex 3. Checklist of Gymnosperms, Coron, Palawan 55 ________________________________________________________________________ iv LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 1 Biodiversity Scale (Fernando, 1998) 8 2 Number of Species Sampled in Coron according to Their 13 Plant Form or Habit 3 Biodiversity Levels in Coron, by Transect 14 4 Ranking of Transects from Highest to Lowest of the Shannon 15 Index 5 Ranking of Transects according to Abundance 15 6 Ranking of Transects in Terms of Number of Species 16 7 Summary of Rankings of the Transects in terms of N,S, and 16 H’ 8 Similarity Indices of the Transects in terms of Vegetative 17 Composition in % 9 Coordinates of the Potential Core Zones 20 ________________________________________________________________________ v LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 1 The Municipality of Coron and Its Barangays 2 2 Map of Coron Showing the Transect Lines Crisscrossing 7 the Municipality 3 Map of Coron Showing the Identified Potential Core Zones 21 in Red Circles 4 Cover Map of Coron Overlayed by the Potential Core 22 Zones ________________________________________________________________________ vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The scope of the ECAN Zoning Project covers an aggregate area of 898,380 hectares that includes 13 municipalities in northern Palawan and Puerto Princesa City. Coron is one of the municipalities covered in this survey/assessment. The municipality of Coron is one of the major under develop island – resorts in the Calamianes Group of Islands. Strategically located in the northern tip of Palawan, it is an hour flight by light aircraft from Manila. It is bounded on the North by the Apo west pass, on the South by the Cuyo west pass, on the East by the Mindoro Strait, and on the West by the Busuanga municipality. It lies within 11o 38’ 40” to 12o 23 ‘ 14 “ North latitude and 119o 00 ‘ 20 “ to 120o 25 ‘ 01 “ East longitude. It has a total land area of 79,725 hectares and is located halfway between Manila and Puerto Princesa City. It is the first port of call of Palawan for ships plying between Manila and Palawan. The municipality has fourteen ( 14 ) mainland barangays which are the focus of the Flora survey. These are San Jose, Decalachao, Bintuan, Guadalupe, Decabobo, Malawig, Buenavista, and San Nicolas to the northwest of Poblacion and Barangay IV. To the southeast are Tagumpay, Borac, Turda, and Marcilla. The YKR ( Yulo Kings Ranch ) although not a barangay, is a significant site because of its size. The rest of the barangays ( 9 ) are island barangays. The government of the Philippines recognized the potentials of Coron as one of the centers of development in Palawan. Although Coron and Culion were not included in the top ( 1st ) priority areas for management planning, it is important to determine the terrestrial resources in these municipalities since these have significant influences on any development plans and activities in the municipality of Busuanga ( 1st priority site ). Coron is one of the second priority sites of the ECAN Zoning Component of the Sustainable Environment and Management Project of the PCSDS – DOT – DPWH. The survey of the terrestrial flora in Coron is aimed to determine what plant community types are found in the municipality, their relative locations, and species composition. The objectives of the survey are as follows: 1. To characterize the environment and the natural resources therein, albeit as baseline information. 2. To identify potential Core Zone areas in Coron using the baseline information gathered. 3. To determine the baseline Biodiversity levels of the forest cover of Coron as part of the baseline information. The sampling design ( LIM – Line Intercept Method ) of the survey for Coron is a gridline approach wherein the whole municipality is laid out with transect lines that cover the land area from coast to coast. Each transect is 2.5 kms apart having a direction of NE to SW as it traverses the municipality. The survey covered 17 barangays using 12 transects, and only upland forest ecosystems were surveyed. _______________________________________________________________________ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii Mainland Coron is characterized by rugged terrain and rolling hills. It has deep wide valleys and high – wide plateaus. It is predominantly vegetated with Dipterocarps in the mid – slopes, the Molave type forest in the foothills, with the Brush lands in the undulating areas. The highest elevation is recorded at 650 meters above sea level which corresponds to Mount Daralla. The floral survey in Coron yielded 252 species. The dominant plant form is the Tree species ( 197 ), followed by Vines ( 19 ), Herbs ( 13 ), and the Palms ( 7 ). Of the 252 species, twenty two ( 22 ) were considered as endangered species, six ( 6 ) of which are endemic to Coron. This is about 8.33 % of the whole list. Two ( 2 ) rare plant species namely Insectivorous Hydrophyte ( found in YKR waterfalls ) and wild Santan ( Ixora species ) were also found in Coron. The municipality of Coron has an overall biodiversity level of H’ = 4.50 which is very high according to the Fernando scale. Its distribution index is J’ = 0.81 suggesting a clustered type of distribution. Comparing the vegetative composition of the transects in terms of their similarities, only transects 2 & 3 ( 64 % ), 9 & 10 ( 56.77 % ), and 11 & 12 ( 51.2 % ) have high similarities. In terms of dominance, Tree species still dominates the landscape. Bintang ( Sysygium subfoetidum ) have an importance value of 7.75. this is followed by Katmon ( Dillenia philippinensis ) with an importance value of 5.88, Narra ( Pterocarpus indicus ) at 5.45, Dildil ( Cynometra integrifolia ) at 5.14, and Kayato ( Dysoxylum turczaninowii ) at 4.73. The potential Core Zones are found to be areas traversed by transects 2, 3, 7, & 9. Transect 2 traverses Bgy. Bintuan and the YKR. Transect 3 traverses Bgys. Banuang daan, Bintuan, and YKR. Transect 7 traverses Bgys. Buenavista, Decabobo, San Nicolas, and Guadalupe. Transect 9 traverses Bgys. Tagumpay, Borac, and Turda. Old Growth forests were encountered in parts of Bgy. Borac and San Nicolas. Dipterocarps, Ipil and other economically and environmentally important species were found in Bgys. San Nicolas, Borac, Sto. Nino, and Bintuan. A subspecies of Mankono or Iron Wood was encountered in Coron. Significant areas of Kaingin were encountered in Bgys. Turda, Marcilla, Cheey, and San Jose. Present and potential threats to the natural resources are highlighted in this report. One is the pervasive poverty in the localities of Coron. There is a need to generate sustainable source of income among stakeholders in the lowlands. Second is the poor protection system in the forest areas and the slow prosecution of forest violators. Third is the practice of slash – and – burn farming in several barangays. Fourth are the hillside farms cutting short the fallow period or “ rest period “ of abandoned kaingin that induces _______________________________________________________________________ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii soil erosion. Fifth is the conflicting manner of resource management and protection among the national government agencies.