DOCSLIB.ORG

Estonian Olympic Committee Estonian Center for Integrity in Sports

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Estonian Olympic Committee Estonian Center for Integrity in Sports Estonian Olympic Committee Estonian Center for Integrity in Sports ESTONIAN ANTI-DOPING RULES 2021 2021 ESTCIS Rules Page 1 of 76 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................3 ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING ........................................................................................7 ARTICLE 2 ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ........................................................................7 ARTICLE 3 PROOF OF DOPING ............................................................................................ 11 ARTICLE 4 THE PROHIBITED LIST ....................................................................................... 13 ARTICLE 5 TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS ...................................................................... 18 ARTICLE 6 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES .................................................................................... 22 ARTICLE 7 RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RESPONSIBILITY, INITIAL REVIEW, NOTICE AND PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS .......................................................................... 24 ARTICLE 8 RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING AND NOTICE OF HEARING DECISION ........................................................................................... 28 ARTICLE 9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS ........................ 36 ARTICLE 10 SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS ........................................................................... 36 ARTICLE 11 CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS ............................................................................ 49 ARTICLE 12 SANCTIONS BY ESTCIS AGAINST OTHER SPORTING BODIES ................... 49 ARTICLE 13 RESULTS MANAGEMENT: APPEALS .............................................................. 50 ARTICLE 14 CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING ............................................................... 57 ARTICLE 15 IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS ................................................................... 61 ARTICLE 16 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ................................................................................ 63 ARTICLE 17 EDUCATION ......................................................................................................... 63 ARTICLE 18 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL FEDERATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 63 ARTICLE 19 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ESTCIS ........................... 64 ARTICLE 20 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES ..................... 64 ARTICLE 21 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE SUPPORT PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................ 65 ARTICLE 22 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OTHER PERSONS SUBJECT TO THESE ANTI-DOPING RULES .................................................... 65 ARTICLE 23 INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE ..................................................................... 66 ARTICLE 24 FINAL PROVISIONS ............................................................................................ 66 APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................ 69 2021 ESTCIS Rules Page 2 of 76 ESTCIS ANTI-DOPING RULES INTRODUCTION Preface Foreword The World Anti-Doping Code (hereinafter the Code) was adopted in 2003. The same year the Government of the Republic of Estonia signed the Copenhagen Declaration, by which Estonia undertook to follow the Code. The Estonian Anti-Doping Rules (hereinafter also the Rules) were drawn up on the basis of the Code. The Rules approved by the Estonian Olympic Committee (hereinafter the EOC) and the Estonian Anti-Doping Agency (hereinafter the ESTCIS) entered into force on 1 January 2010. In 2012 and 2015 the Rules were amended, and a new wording thereof was approved with effect correspondingly from 26 April 2012 and 1 January 2015. As a result of extensive amendments to the Code that were adopted in 2021 and that entered into force on 1 January 2021, this wording of the Rules was approved with effect from 1 January 2021. These Anti-Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in accordance with ESTCIS's responsibilities under the Code, and in furtherance of ESTCIS's continuing efforts to eradicate doping in sport in Estonia. These Anti-Doping Rules are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport is played. Aimed at enforcing anti-doping rules in a global and harmonized manner, they are distinct in nature from criminal and civil laws. They are not intended to be subject to or limited by any national requirements and legal standards applicable to criminal or civil proceedings, although they are intended to be applied in a manner which respects the principles of proportionality and human rights. When reviewing the facts and the law of a given case, all courts, arbitral tribunals and other adjudicating bodies should be aware of and respect the distinct nature of these Anti-Doping Rules, which implement the Code, and the fact that these rules represent the consensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders around the world as to what is necessary to protect and ensure fair sport. As provided in the Code, ESTCIS shall be responsible for conducting all aspects of Doping Control. Any aspect of Doping Control or anti-doping Education may be delegated by ESTCIS to a Delegated Third Party, however, ESTCIS shall require the Delegated Third Party to perform such aspects in compliance with the Code, International Standards, and these Anti-Doping Rules. ESTCIS shall always remain fully responsible for ensuring that any delegated aspects are performed in compliance with the Code. ESTCIS may delegate its adjudication responsibilities and Results Management to the CAS Anti-Doping Division. When participating in sports, compliance with the Code and the Rules is equivalent to adherence to competition rules. The agreement of the Participants to them is a condition for taking part in sports. The Anti-Doping Rules protect the fundamental right of Athletes – to be a party to clean sport. Italicized terms in these Anti-Doping Rules are defined terms in Appendix 1. Unless otherwise specified, references to Articles are references to Articles of these Anti-Doping Rules. Fundamental Rationale for the Code and ESTCIS’s Anti-Doping Rules Anti-doping programs are founded on the intrinsic value of sport. This intrinsic value is often referred to as "the spirit of sport": the ethical pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection of each Athlete’s natural talents. 2021 ESTCIS Rules Page 3 of 76 Anti-doping programs seek to protect the health of Athletes and to provide the opportunity for Athletes to pursue human excellence without the Use of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods. Anti-doping programs seek to maintain the integrity of sport in terms of respect for rules, other competitors, fair competition, a level playing field, and the value of clean sport to the world. The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind. It is the essence of Olympism and is reflected in the values we find in and through sport, including: • Health • Ethics, fair play and honesty • Athletes’ rights as set forth in the Code • Excellence in performance • Character and Education • Fun and joy • Teamwork • Dedication and commitment • Respect for rules and laws • Respect for self and other Participants • Courage • Community and solidarity The spirit of sport is expressed in how we play true. Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport. The National Anti-Doping Program EADA was established by Estonian Olympic Committee (EOC) in 2007. In 2019, EOC established Estonian Center for Integrity in Sports (ESTCIS), including the objective of acting as the National Anti-Doping Organization for Estonia. As such, and in accordance with Article 20.5.1 of the Code, ESTCIS notably has the necessary authority and responsibility to be independent in its operational decisions and activities from sport and government. Without limitation, this includes the prohibition of any involvement in its operational decisions or activities by any Person who is at the same time involved in the management or operations of any International Federation, National Federation, Major Event Organization, National Olympic Committee, National Paralympic Committee, or government department with responsibility for sport or anti-doping. Scope of these Anti-Doping Rules These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to: (a) ESTCIS including its board members, directors, officers and specified employees, and Delegated Third Parties and their employees, who are involved in any aspect of Doping Control; (b) National Federations of Estonia, including their board members, directors, officers and specified employees, and Delegated Third Parties and their employees, who are involved in any aspect of Doping Control; (c) the following Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other Persons (including Protected Persons), in each case, whether or not such Person is a national or resident of Estonia (i) all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel who are members or license-holders of any National Federation in Estonia, or of any member or affiliate organization of any National Federation in Estonia (including any clubs, teams, associations, or leagues); 2021 ESTCIS Rules
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tyumen Welcomes Ski Orienteers in March
    INTERNATIONAL ORIENTEERING FEDERATION On-line Newsletter • Issue 1 • February 2014 In this issue A Word from the IOF President ...........................2 Winter Olympic Day in the Czech Rebublic ..................3 World Masters Orienteering Championships in Brazil ...4 New TV break-through ......6 North South East West: Estonia ...............................8 Behind the Scenes: IOF Council members......12 Evaluating quality standards in MTB Orienteering .......14 World Cup 2015, Tasmania ........................16 News in brief ....................17 Inside Orienteering is pub- lished by the IOF six times a year. You can receive an email notification whenever a new issue of Inside Orienteering is released: http://orienteering. org/resources/publications/ inside-orienteering/. For cur- rent news, reports and inter- views from IOF Events, please visit the IOF website: www.orienteering.org. Tyumen welcomes Good reading! Anna Jacobson ski orienteers in March Editor-in-chief Photo: Elena Fedotova A Word from the IOF President The Games of Ice and Snow As I write these few words, I am spend- indeed removed from the winter and there is to be significant TV broadcast- ing a considerable amount of time summer programmes. ing from that event. This is exactly the watching and thoroughly enjoying the kind of initiative which we need to Olympic Winter Games from Sochi. As Orienteering needs to be ready to take to raise our profile. an enthusiastic participant in the sport take advantage of whatever opportu- of curling, I am especially interested in nities result from this review and that From a practical point of view, we will seeing my country succeed in winning means continuing to build the profile keep everyone informed of the deci- medals in the “Ice Cube”.
    [Show full text]
  • European Cultural Diversity Through the Promotion
    Ga.M.E.S.Net - European cultural diversity through the promotion and protection of n the traditional sports and games - Preparatory Action: European partnership on Sport (EAC/S03/2013) – Priority n. 3: Promoting Traditional European Sports and Games – G.A. N° EAC A picture representing a modern (still in use) traditional game of „Il passju‟ Retrieved March 26th, 2015 from: http://www.pic2fly.com/viewimage/IL%20Passju/i_a5238c1d5db41959b726359b436d2dbf Members: Rutger Abela: Researcher and Writer Ryan Gatt: Researcher and Writer 1 Table of Contents A) Common historical, cultural and traditional origins of different traditional sports and games existing in Europe………………………………………...………………………………………………3 B) Research, describe and classify the largest number of traditional sports and games existing in Europe...................................................................................................................................4 Specific Games by Country......................................................................................................4 Country: Malta..........................................................................................................................4 Interview with a Bocci player...................................................................................................7 Country: Italy............................................................................................................................8 County: Poland........................................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Join Playgreen
    Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Coordinated by: Coordinated by: The European Commission's support for the production of this publication does not constitute an Co-funded by the The European Commission's support for the endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission Erasmus+ Programme production of this publication does not constitute cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. of the European Union an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. EDITION DATE: FEBRUARY 2021 INTRODUCTION • WHAT IS PLAYGREEN 5 1 CONTEXT: ENVIRONMENTAL VOLUNTEERING AND SPORTS 6 1.1 The Ecological Basis for Greening Grassroots Sports Events 7 1.2 Values of environmental volunteering and altruism 8 1.3 Environment as a way to engage young people to play sports 9 2 THE PLAYGREEN METHOD: HOW TO DO IT 11 2.1 PlayGreen goals and values 12 2.2 Roadmap 12 2.3 Engage the Green Team of volunteers 13 2.4 Mentoring the Green Team: a toolkit 18 2.5 Implement 22 2.6 Evaluate and report to the network 23 3 DISSEMINATION STRATEGY 25 3.1 Communication Strategy 26 3.2 Visual Identity 27 3.3 Communication Channels 28 3.4 UEFA FAs Communication Strategies 28 4 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY 30 4.1 Economical 31 4.2 Human resources 31 5 PLAYGREEN IMPLEMENTATION IN PRACTICE • Key studies 32 5.1 Estonia FA 33 5.2 Malta FA 35 5.3 Flemish FA 36 5.4 Lithuania FA 38 6 CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED 40 7 ANNEX 43 ANNEX 1 • PlayGreen volunteering position 44 ANNEX 2 •• PlayGreen Event Report Template 46 GUIDE ON ENVIRONMENTAL VOLUNTEERING IN SPORTS 3 INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS PLAYGREEN PlayGreen is an Erasmus+ Sport funded project that aimed to develop a method to greening sports events with volunteers.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Date Event Location Description Austria June
    European Week of Sport 2019 Country Date Event Location Description Various exercise programmes taking place in public places throughout Austria during the summer months, that are easily accessible and led by Being active in course instructors from the Austria June - September the park Across the country grassroots sports associations. Austrian Schools offer different sport activities within the whole months in the framework of the ESSD European School and especially also during the Austria 1-27 September Sport Day Across the country European Week of Sport. Under the motto "Together fit. Move with me", people in Austria will be motivated to exercise more and advertise what sports clubs and 7 September - 30 50 Days of communities offer suitable Austria October Movement Across the country offers in the vicinity. Schools starting active into the new school year. From 9 to 13 o´clock school classes can try out different sports in Day of School the area of the Day of Sports Austria 20 September Sport Vienna (21 September). Austria's largest free open-air sports event with over 100 sports associations and #BeActive organisations, and stars and European Village athletes for selfies and Austria 21 September at Day of Sports Vienna autographs. Encourage workplace activities, focusing on apprentices and installing Austria 23-27 September #BeActive at Work Across the country Nudging tools. Open days and taster sessions #BeActive Trial in sports clubs during the Austria 23-30 September Week Across the country European Week of Sport. The 15th ENSE Forum will be held at the University of Vienna’s Institute for Sport Science under the theme Sport – Education – Society.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rewarding Shock Therapy Approach for Estonia? Ralf W
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1997 Limiting one's policy choices through a currency board : a rewarding shock therapy approach for Estonia? Ralf W. Boepple University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Boepple, Ralf W., "Limiting one's policy choices through a currency board : a rewarding shock therapy approach for Estonia?" (1997). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2547. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2547 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu. LIMITING ONE’S POLICY CHOICES THROUGH A CURRENCY BOARD - A REWARDING SHOCK THERAPY APPROACH FOR ESTONIA? A Thesis Presented by RALF W. BOEPPLE Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 1997 Political Science LIMITING ONE’S POLICY CHOICES THROUGH A CURRENCY BOARD - A REWARDING SHOCK THERAPY APPROACH FOR ESTONIA? A Thesis Presented by RALF W. BOEPPLE Approved as to style and content by: —/X M. J. Peterson, Chair Peter M. Haas, Member Eric Einhom, Department Head Department of Political Science TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ACRONYMS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. HISTORICAL AND ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 14 A. A Brief History of Estonia 14 B. The Social and Economic Structure of Estonia at the Outset of Independence 19 1.
    [Show full text]
  • As of January 2012 Estonian Archives in the US--Book Collection3.Xlsx
    Indexed by Title Estonian Archives in the US Book Collection Author Title Date Dewey # Collect Saar, J1. detsember 1924 Tallinnas 1925 901 Saa Eesti Vangistatud Vaba‐ dusvõitlejate 1. Kogud VII, 2. Kogud VIII‐XIII, 3. Kogud XIV‐XIX, 4. nd 323 Ees Abistamis‐ keskus Kogud XX‐XXV 1985‐1987 Simre, M1. praktiline inglise keele grammatika >1945 422 Sim DP Sepp, Hans 1. ülemaailmne eesti arstide päev 1972 610 Sep EKNÜRO Aktsioonikomitee 1.Tõsiolud jutustavad, nr. 1, 2. nr.2, 3. nr.3 1993 323 EKN Eesti Inseneride Liit 10 aastat eesti inseneride liitu: 1988‐1999 nd 620 Ees Reed, John 10 päeva mis vaputasid maailma 1958 923.1 Re Baltimore Eesti Selts 10. Kandlepäevad 1991 787.9 Ba Koik, Lembit 100 aastat eesti raskejõustikku (1888‐1988) 1966 791 Koi Eesti Lauljate Liit 100 aastat eesti üldlaulupidusid 1969 782 Ees Wise, W H 100 best true stories of World War II, The 1945 905 Wis Pajo, Maido 100 küsimust ja vastust maaõigusest 1999 305 Paj Pärna, Ants 100 laeva 1975 336.1 Pä Plank, U 100 Vaimulikku laulu 1945 242 Pla DP Sinimets, I 1000 fakti Nõukogude Eestist 1981 911.1 Si Eesti Lauljate Liit Põhja‐ Ameerikas 110.a. juubeli laulupeo laulud 1979 780 Ees 12 märtsi radadel 1935 053 Kak Tihase, K12 motiivi eesti taluehitistest 1974 721.1 Ti Kunst 12 reproduktsiooni eesti graafikast 1972 741.1 K Laarman, Märt 12 reproduktsiooni eesti graafikast 1973 741.1 La 12. märts 1934 1984 053 Kak 12. märts. Aasta riiklikku ülesehitustööd; 12. märts 1934 ‐ 12, 1935 053 Kak märts. 1935 Eesti Lauljate Liit Põhja‐ Ameerikas 120.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Funding of Grassroots Sports in the EU with a Focus on the Internal Market Aspects Concerning Legislative Frameworks and Systems of Financing
    Study on the funding of grassroots sports in the EU With a focus on the internal market aspects concerning legislative frameworks and systems of financing Final report Volume II – Country Reports 27 June 2011 Eurostrategies Amnyos CDES Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln ©Eurostrategies 2011 Study on the funding of grassroots sports in the EU Volume II of the Final Report Table of contents EUROSTRATEGIES.......................................................................................................................................... 1 AMNYOS........................................................................................................................................................ 1 CDES ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 14 2 AUSTRIA .................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Economy and demography.................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Sport participation.................................................................................................................................. 17 2.3 Allocation of responsibilities for sport policy ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Years First
    1/2008 on tour- on Haapsalu Taxes Ruhhnu Jahta legalities The first years Photo: Kadi Asmer Photo: Kadi Asmer working like the Swedes. This of course raises the question when you are working Anders Hedman and when you are free. The border lines are crossed Chairman out more and more. I know people working for big SCCE multinationals and they are almost expected to react within minutes to important mails or calls 24/7. Is this development good or bad? Needs to be discussed but clearly the new technology gives us new possibilities and opportunities but also new problems like stress, burn out syndromes etc. Dear Reader, Another typical observation Dr. Tischer had made in Sweden was fika, a coffee A few days ago I met Dr. Ralph Tischer at Tallinn Airport. break happening two times a day. Many ’ readers might remember that Dr. Tischer First around 10.30 and later around used to work for more than ten years here in the Baltic 14.30, depending on your working States for the German Chamber of Commerce as their schedule. This break is not only meant Managing Director. Since half a year, Dr. Tischer is for coffee and a bun but it is also now the Managing Director of the German Chamber of meant for socializing and exchanging Commerce in Sweden. This led me to ask him how he information. In the Baltic States the sees the differences between Germany, the Baltic’s and closest to it would be the Sweden. unhealthy smoking brakes. Ok, coffee and buns are maybe not mega healthy in time of obesity in the Western World His answer was that in Germany things are organized on but certainly better than smoking.
    [Show full text]
  • Centrally Manageable System for Public Sector Sports Grant's
    Centrally Manageable System for Public Sector Sports Grant’s Distribution to Children and Youth Sport Clubs Abstract Research questions: What kind of system would be the best for financing children and youth sport (CYS)? Research methods: As a first step, we identify the most relevant aspects that have or may have influence on the unavoidable costs of sports. Secondly, we investigate less studied aspects like the costs of sports per practitioner and families’ ability to cover these costs, relaying on the data from 947 annual financial reports of CYS clubs from 2012 – 2016 and data about private persons’ annual income by quintiles from Statistics Estonia. Thirdly, by relying on the results of this study and previous studies, we propose a model for CYS financing. Results and findings: The quality and capacity of trainings for children determine the extent and height of entire sports pyramid. Results of previous research and findings of this study suggest that the centrally manageable system that takes into account impact of resource dependency and population density, costs of sports and sport levels and also income level and structure of families is the best possible solution for CYS financing. Implications: The proposed model guarantees efficient and targeted distribution of public grants, balanced financing of CYS, and reduces exclusion from sport due to financial and demographic reasons. However, a survey for identifying the needs of sports should be carried out before implementing sych a distribution system. For keeping grants’ distribution fair, the survey is recommended to repeat periodically. Keywords: Children and youth sport, sport financing, supports’ distribution, Estonia Introduction Several EU and world level recommendations suggest for children to be physically active at least one hour every day (WHO, 2010; EU, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Nutrition
    BIBLIOGRAPHY on ATHLETICS - LEISURE - RECREATION - SPORT Andrews, D.L. 1991. Welsh indigenous and British imperial. Welsh rugby, culture, and society 1890- 1914. Journal of Sport History. 18: 335-349. Armstrong, W. 1870. Wrestliana, or, The history of the Cumberland & Westmoreland Wrestling Society in London: since the year 1824. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Company. Blake, C.G. 1925. Lawn bowling handbook (the game that keeps men young) with complete official playing rules. Chicago: C.G. Blake & Company. Burrows, G.T. 1938. Modern bowls... London: Vinton & Company. Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire. 1911. The Encyclopaedia of sport & games. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. Chapman, M. 1981. A history of wrestling in Iowa: from Gotch to Gable. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. Donaldson, E.A. 1986. The Scottish Highland Games in America. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company. Edelman, R. 1993. Serious fun: a history of spectator sports in the USSR. New York: Oxford University Press. Edgerly, B. 1942. From the hunter's bow; the history and romance of musical instruments. 2nd Edition. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. Edwards, C.B. 1962. In pursuit of archery; the symbolism, magic, and practice of archery throughout the ages, with instruction to modern archers on good shooting and the correction of faults; and information for archery club organizers..... London, N. Kaye. Edwards, H. 1973. Sociology of sport. Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey Press. Edwards, R.H. 1915. Christianity and amusements. New York: Association Press. Egan, P. 1818. Boxiana, or, Sketches of ancient and modern pugilism... [10 volumes]. London: Sherwood, Neely, and Jones. Egan, P. 1832. Pierce Egan's book of sports, and mirror of life: embracing the turf, the chase, the ring, and the stage; interspersed with original memoirs of sporting men, etc...
    [Show full text]
  • Ajaloolised Võidud Historic
    2002 AJALOOLISED VÕIDUD • HISTORIC TRIUMPHS Ajaloolised Historic võidud Triumphs SUUSATAMINE SKIING Andrus Veerpalu võitis 12.02.2002 Salt Andrus Veerpalu won Estonia's first ever Winter Lake City taliolümpiamängudel 15 km Olympic gold medal by winning the 15-km klassikadistantsil Eestile läbi aegade esimese classical cross country skiing event on 12February murdmaasuusatamise olümpiakulla, millele 2002 in Salt Lake City, with Jaak Mae adding the Jaak Mae lisas pronksmedali. bronze medal. Veerpalu tegi olümpial ajalugu. Vaadake ette, Veerpalu makes Olympic history /…/. Watch out norrakad, eestlased tulevad! See oli endise Norway, the Estonians are coming! That was the tillukese liiduvabariigi teade murdmaasuusa- message from the tiny former Soviet republic to the hiiglastele, kui Andrus Veerpalu ja Jaak Mae cross-country skiing giants when Andrus Veerpalu võtsid meeste 15 kilomeetri murdmaa klassika- and Jaak Mae won two of the three available medals distantsil kolmest medalist kaks. (Afp, 12.02) in the men's 15-km classic cross-country event. (Afp, 12.02) Andrus Veerpalu võit oli täiesti ületamatu. Ta kontrollis võistlust kogu sõidu vältel ja kuni Andrus Veerpalu's triumph was unrivalled. He was lõpuni ei ohustanud teda keegi. Eestil on in control the whole distance and was challenged tõeliseks rõõmupeoks veel enamgi põhjust – by none. Estonia has even more reason to party – pronksmedali võitles endale Jaak Mae. Jaak Mae won the bronze medal. (Haugesunds Avis, 13.02) (Haugesunds Avis, 13.02) Esikohad olümpial läksid eestlastele /.../ First positions belonged to the Estonians. /.../ Hinnates, millise veendumusega Veerpalu ja Judging the dedication employed by Veerpalu and Mae seda tegid, on meie põhjanaabritel head Mae while doing this, our northern neighbours have võimalused olümpiamedalite arvu suuren- further opportunities to increase their number of damiseks.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Youth Work in Estonia 18
    The history of youth work in by Marti Taru, Eli Pilve and Peeter Kaasik Estonia Introduction he main goal of this chapter is to Tchart briefly the most important moments in the development of youth work in Estonia, from the middle of the 19th century to the present day. As we move across the years we shall see how youth work transformed from voluntary and spontaneous activity to a state- controlled tool for ideological condi- tioning, and then to providing young people with the opportunity to acquire various (life) skills and competences. Estonian history of the last 150 years can be divided into five fairly distinct periods, all of which have witnessed developments in the field of youth work: • the national awakening before national independence, 1860s to 1918: prehis- tory of youth work; • the democratic period of the first inde- pendence, 1918 to 1940: the beginning of organised youth work within the edu- cation system, the authoritarian period of the first independence and emergence of state-controlled youth work; • the beginning of Soviet occupation, the Second World War and youth work under the German occupation, 1942 4 to 1944; 16 • the Soviet occupation, 1945 to 1989: explosive increase in youth work opportunities as a tool for ideological socialisation; • the restoration of independence and independent statehood, 1990 onwards: youth work as developmental experience, and contemporary methods of youth work. The prehistory of youth work: national awakening and civic activism The second half of the 19th century, during which time Estonia was a part of the Russian Empire with local government run by a nobility of German background, witnessed the rise of Estonian societies, which were founded all over the coun- try.
    [Show full text]