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(Olivier, 1789) (Eresidae; Araneae) a Les Balears

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(Olivier, 1789) (Eresidae; Araneae) a Les Balears Presencia d' Eresus cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789) (Eresidae; Araneae) a les Balears. Noves dades sobre Eresidae de la Mediterrania occidental Guillem X. PONS i Francisco RUIZ Pons, G.X. i Ruiz, F. 1995. Presencia d'Eresus cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789) (Eresidae; Araneae) a les Balears. Noves dades sobre Eresidae de la SHNB Mediterrania occidental. Bol/ Soco Hist. Nat. Ba/ears, 38:89-94. ISSN 0212-260X. Palma de Mallorca. Es dóna la primera cita ció d'un representant de la família Eresidae (Araneae) a les Balears. Eresus cinnaberinus fou recol·lectat a Costitx (Mallorca). Aquesta és una especie sedentaria de dispersió limitada, d'aquí el seu interes biogeogratic. @ Es discuteix sobre la seva possible introducció a les Balears. Es donen noves dades d'Eresus cinnaberinus i Stegodyphus Iineatus (Eresidae) de la Mediterrania occidental. SOCIETAT O·HISTORIA NATURAL DE LES BALEARS Parau/es c/au: Eresus, Stegodyphus, Eresidae, Mal/orca, Mediterrania occidental. PRESENCE OF Eresus cinnaberinus (OLlVIER, 1789) (ERESIDAE; ARANEAE) ON THE BALEARIC ISLANDS. NEW RECORDS OF ERESIDAE FROM THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN. The first record of the family Eresidae (Araneae) on the Balearics is given. Eresus cinnaberinus was captured in Costitx (Mallorca). The biogeographical interest of such species is high due to its low dispersal capability. The possibility of human-mediated dispersal on the Balearic Islands is discussed. Eresus cinnaberinus and Stegodyphus Iineatus (Eresidae) are new records for the western Mediterranean. Keywords: Eresus, Stegodyphus, Eresidae, Mal/orca, Western Mediterranean. Guillem X. PONS, /nstitut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avan~ats de les /l/es Ba/ears (CS/C-U/B), Carretera de Val/demossa km 7.5, 07071 Palma de Mal/orca. Francisco RU/Z, Museu de Ciimcies Natura/s de Lluc-Costitx, Monasteri de Lluc, Escorca. Recepció de/ manuscrit: 26-ju/-95; revisió acceptada: 26-set-95. Introducció per la meitat sud de la regió Paleartica i África (Lehtinen, 1967). Han estat Els aracnids de les Balears han descrits onze generes: Stegodyphus, estat una classe molt poc estudiada. La Magunia, Paradonea, Adonea, Eresus, família Eresidae és un grup amb Dresserus, Gandanameno, Dorceus, poques especies, que es distribueixen Seothyra, Penestomus i Wajane. A 90 BolI. SOCo Hist. Nat. Balears, 38 (1995) Europa occidental esta representada, els seus caus, normalment sota pedres. almanco, per dues especies: Eresus Aquests són molt semblants als deis cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789), amb genere Stegodiphus. És un tub de tela distribució Paleartica, i Stegodyphus d'uns dos o tres cm de diametre i fins lineatus (Latreille, 1817), coneguda de a 20 cm de longitud. Generalment el la regió Etiópica oriental i de la coloquen parcialment a sota una pedra, Mediterrania. i el camuflen amb detritus de I'entorn, El motiu d'aquesta nota és la de quedant totalment disimulat. Les donar a coneixer una serie de dades aranyes resten a I'interior i atrapen les sobre dues especies de les que es preses quan queden enganxades a la compta amb molt poca informació i amb tela del niu. Els mascles, al contrari pocs especímens depositats en Museus que les femelles, són ben visibles quan (Kraus i Kraus, 1988; P. Hillyard, como surten a la recerca de la seva parella. pers.). Tots els exemplars estudiats Copulen en I'interior del cau i al contrari estan depositats a la coHecció Museu d'altres especies no són devorats per la de la Naturalesa de les lIIes Balears femella, peró tenen una vida curta. La (MNCM) i al Museu de de Ciimcies seva alimentació es fonamenta, es­ Naturals de Lluc (col. F. Ruiz). sencialment, d'altres aranyes i de grans escarabats (Tenebrionidae, Cicinde­ lidae ... ). El seu cicle vital pot arribar als Eresus cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789) quatre anys. Nombroses especies d'Eresidae Eresus cinnaberinus ha estat han estat originalment assignades al tractada en múltiples ocasions com genere Eresus, i diverses variants de Eresus niger. No obstant, s 'ha optat per coloració han estat considerades com a seguir el criteri establert per Lehtinen especies valides. Algunes d'aquestes (1967) alxl com d'altres autors especies han estat descrites de material posteriors (Platnick, 1989; Roberts, provinent de la península Iberica, com 1995; Melic, 1995). per exemple: Eresus frontalis que fou Especie robusta, amb la disposició descrita del centre de la península ocular que caracteritza a tota la Famí• Iberica (considerada com a subespecie lia. Eresus cinnaberinus presenta un d' E. cinnaberinus) (Roewer, 1954), Ere­ marcat dimorfisme sexual. El mascle sus imperialis de la zona oriental de la posseeix un prosoma negre i un opis­ península Iberica (Simon, 1914), Eresus tosoma vermell amb quatre taques sedilloti de la zona central de la penín• negres. La femella és totalment negreo sula Iberica (Simon, 1881) o Eresus El tegument esta provist, ambdós se­ solitarius del sud de la península xes, de sedes blanques. El mascle pot (Simon, 1873). No obstant, la revisió alcan«ar uns 10 mm de longitud mentre específica del genere resta del tot in­ que la femella arriba als 25 mm. completa (Lehtinen, 1967). Aquest autor Les femelles d' Eresus cinnaberinus considera que les dues subfamílies que rarament són descobertes, dones són conformen els Eresidae (Eresinae i més sedentaries i resten amagades en Penestominae) es concentren en la G. X. Pans i F. Ruiz, Eresus cinnaberinus a les Balears 91 Fig. 1. Eresus cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789) Fig. 2. Stegodyphus linea tus (Latreille, 1817) 92 Bo/l. SOCo Hist. Nat. Balears, 38 (1995) regió Etiópica, emperó, els Eresinae són Viuen dins un tub de seda molt també presents a la regió Oriental i a consistent, sus pes a la zona inferior de la Mediterrimia amb una única especie: I'estrat herbaci o arbustiu. Eresus cinnaberinus. Aquesta especie havia estat citada, previament, molt poques localitats de la Material estudiat: I'únic exemplar península Iberica (Fernández-Galiano, d' Eresus cinnaberinus conegut de 1910; Bacelar, 1936; Kraus i Kraus, Mallorca fou capturat a Costitx caminant 1988). Recentment, Melic (1995) dóna sobre una pared seca, 4/11/90, 1 noves citacions de les zones d'Osca, femella, F. Ruiz leg., esta preparada en Valencia i Saragossa. sec, i esta dipositada al Museu de de Ciencies Naturals de Lluc (col. F. Ruiz). Material estudiat: Los Almagros A més arnés s'ha estudiat un (Sierra de Carrascay, Múrcia), 28/3/93, exemplar provinent de Córsega idos 1 femella, M. Palmer leg., MNCM especímens immaturs (Eresus cf. cinna­ 12363; Playa de El Algarrobillo (Mojá­ berinus) de la península Iberica: Monte car, Almeria), 31/3/93, 1 femella i 1 ju­ Cintu (Córsega), 25/6/91, 1 femella, M. venil, M. Palmer leg., MNCM 12377; El Palmer leg., MNCM 69; Calar de las Jinete (Albacete), 12/4/93, 1 juvenil, Palomas (Jaén), 17/4/93, 1 juvenil, GX GX Pons, F. Comas, J.A. Alcover i M. Pons, F. Comas, JA Alcover i M. Trias Trias leg., MNCM 12442; Liétor (Río leg., MNCM 13612; i Puerto de la Mundo, Albacete), 11/4/93, 1 femella, Palomas (Jaén), 16/4/93, 1 mascle GX Pons, F. Comas, J.A. Alcover i M. subadult, G.X. Pons, F. Comas, JA Trias leg., MNCM 12627; Playa de El Alcover i M. Trias leg., MNCM 13683. Alquián (Almeria), 7/4/93, 1 femella, De Córsega, previament, tan 5015 G.X. Pons i JA Alcover leg., MNCM havia estat citada per Simon (1873; 12749; Platja de Santa Poi a (Alacant), 1914) i Fage (1926) (segons Canard, 8/4/93, 1 mascle, 1 femella i 2 juvenils, 1989). Melic (1995) dóna noves G.X. Pons i J.A. Alcover leg., MNCM citacions de les zones de Con ca, Terol 13225. i Saragossa. Malgrat no es ten en abundants citacions bibliogratiques es considera 5tegodyphus linea tus (Latreille, 1817) una especie freqüent, principalment a sud de la península Iberica. Ha estat Aquesta especie, a I'igual que les recoHectada als Ports de Beceit i Delta altres de la seva fam ília, es caracteritza de l'Ebre, així com a distintes localitats per la forma del prosoma, més elevat a de Múrcia i Almeria (C. Ribera, in Iit.). la part anterior. La coloració d'aquesta especie és molt variable, especialment en el mascle. La femella és de color Discussió brunenc o negre, amb dues bandes longitudinals sobre I'opistosoma. El Les aranyes són, en general, una mascle alcan<!a uns 7-11 mm de ordre format per especies amb una longitud, la femella oscila de 10-22 mm. bona capacitat de dispersió. Darwin G. X. Pons i F. Ruiz, Eresus cinnaberinus a les Balears 93 (1879) ja explicava la capacitat que ajuda per a la consulta de la col'lecció tenen les aranyes per travessar grans d'aracnids del The Natural History superfícies d'aigua. No obstant, aquesta Museum (Londres) i als Drs. C. Ribera, capacitat de dispersió no és comuna a M. Palmer i D. Jaume pels seus totes les especies dones, per exemple, interessants comentaris i consells per a a les Balears no comptaríem amb, la redacció final d'aquesta nota. aproximadament, una vintena de taxons Aquest treball s'emmarca dins del endemics (Pons i Palmer, en premsa). projecte d'investigació de la DGICYT Aquesta endemicitat no és més que el PB91-0055. resultat d'un a'illament genetic. En general, les especies sedentaries són d'un interes biogeogratic excepional. Bibliografia Tot fa pensar que els Eresidae són una família mala dispersora (de forma Bacelar, A. 1936. Notas aracnológicas. "natural") dones són especies molt 111. Aranhas ibéricas da Familia lIigades al substrat. Empero sí han Eresidae. Bull. Soco portugaise Se. aconseguit creuar les mars i els oceans nat., 12: 179-183. gracies a I'acció de I'home. E. Canard, A. 1989. Contribution a I'étude cinnaberinus no fou recoHectada des araneides du Parc Naturel d'Anglaterra (una de les zones més ben Régional de la Corse: 1.
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