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Redalyc.Especies De Nematodos Fitoparasíticos En Venezuela

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Redalyc.Especies De Nematodos Fitoparasíticos En Venezuela Interciencia ISSN: 0378-1844 [email protected] Asociación Interciencia Venezuela Crozzoli, Renato Especies de nematodos fitoparasíticos en Venezuela Interciencia, vol. 27, núm. 7, julio, 2002, pp. 354-364 Asociación Interciencia Caracas, Venezuela Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33907004 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ESPECIES DE NEMATODOS FITOPARASÍTICOS EN VENEZUELA RENATO CROZZOLI pesar de que el primer phelenchus) cocophilus, Ditylenchus dipsa- das con algunas de estas especies a los fi- reporte de un nematodo ci, Globodera rostochiensis, Hirschman- nes de ilustrar su importancia. parásito de plantas se re- niella oryzae e H. spinicaudata, cuatro es- monta a 1743 cuando Needham descubrió pecies de Meloidogyne, Radopholus similis, Comentarios al nematodo de las semillas del trigo Rotylenchulus reniformis y Tylenchulus (Maggenti, 1981), la Nematología Agrícola semipenetrans, entre otros (Yépez y Aphelenchoides ritzema- es todavía una ciencia joven en el mundo. Meredith, 1970; Dao y González, 1971; bosi, conocido como el “nematodo de las En Venezuela, la primera referencia rela- Meredith y Yépez, 1973). Sin embargo, hojas del crisantemo” es importante en va- cionada con nematodos fitoparasíticos fue muchas otras especies fitoparasíticas esta- rios cultivos, principalmente en los que publicada por Salazar (1934). Desde en- ban presentes en los cultivos y en otras pertenecen a la familia Compositae y fre- tonces y especialmente en los años sesen- plantas y nada se sabía con relación a ellas. sa. Esta especie se reproduce en las hojas ta, tanto en el país como en otras partes En la década de los 80, estudios de taxono- y tejidos florales (Hunt, 1993). En Vene- del mundo, la Nematología Agrícola Apli- mía de nematodos fitoparasíticos fueron zuela, fue señalada por Meredith y Yépez cada se difundió debido principalmente a realizados en el Postgrado de Fitopatología (1973) en nardo, cerca de La Encrucijada los incrementos en rendimiento consegui- de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro de Carabobo, Estado Carabobo, en un ma- dos en los cultivos con la aplicación de Alvarado en Barquisimeto. A partir de 1990 terial proveniente de Los Teques, Estado nematicidas fumigantes. estos estudios se extendieron al Instituto de Miranda. A pesar de que es un nematodo En Venezuela, los prime- Zoología Agrícola en Maracay, donde, ade- importante y que puede causar graves da- ros trabajos de taxonomía (Sher, 1963; más, se estudian a profundidad las relacio- ños al follaje de las plantas que ataca, en Loof, 1964) se fundamentaron en el estudio nes hospedante-parásito, la dinámica de po- el país no existen estudios ulteriores. del material nematológico colectado por blaciones, se determina el nivel de toleran- Belonolaimus lineatus, es Oostenbrink en 1962 en su visita al país cia de los cultivos a nematodos patógenos y una especie recientemente señalada en Ve- auspiciada por el Servicio Shell para el se ensayan alternativas químicas y no quí- nezuela. Se alimenta de las raíces y posee Agricultor. Otros señalamientos de especies micas de control de estos organismos. un hábito ectoparasítico migratorio. Fue en la geografía venezolana fueron hechos Hasta la fecha, en el país detectada en Cuabana, Península de por De Grisse (1967) y Dasgupta et al. se han identificado 115 especies de ne- Paraguaná, Estado Falcón, asociada con (1969). Estudios concernientes a la identifi- matodos fitoparasíticos. El presente trabajo melón (Crozzoli y Naveda, 1999). Esta es cación de nematodos fitoparasíticos en Ve- tiene por objeto hacer un listado de ellas la única cita, además de la descripción ori- nezuela también se realizaron en la década agrupándolas en una sola publicación, ginal realizada por Román (1964) en Puer- de los 60 en el Instituto de Zoología Agrí- aportando información hasta ahora disper- to Rico, donde señaló daños en caña de cola de la Facultad de Agronomía de la sa (Tabla I). Asimismo, se incluye infor- azúcar. Universidad Central de Venezuela en Mara- mación correspondiente a hospedante/s o Bursaphelenchus coco- cay. Para comienzos de los 70 habían sido rizosfera/s de la/s planta/s donde fueron philus, causa la enfermedad conocida identificadas varias especies patogénicas en encontradas, la entidad federal de detec- como “anillo rojo”; presente en América diversos rubros agrícolas: Aphelenchoides ción y comentarios relacionados con resul- del Sur e Islas del Caribe (Esser y Me- ritzemabosi, Bursaphelenchus (=Rhadina- tados obtenidos en investigaciones realiza- redith, 1987). Este nematodo se desarrolla PALABRAS CLAVE / Hospedantes / Nematodos Fitoparasíticos / Venezuela / Recibido: 27/03/2002. Modificado: 27/05/2002. Aceptado: 05/06/2002 Renato Crozzoli. Ingeniero Agrónomo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV). Doctor en Zoología Agrícola, UCV. Profesor Asociado, Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, UCV. Dirección: Labora- torio de Nematología Agrícola, Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, UCV. Apartado 4579, Maracay 2101A, Venezuela. e-mail: [email protected]. 354 0378-1844/02/07/354-11 $ 3.00/0 JUL 2002, VOL. 27 Nº 7 TABLA I ESPECIES DE NEMATODOS FITOPARASÍTICOS IDENTIFICADOS EN VENEZUELA Especie Hospedante o rizosfera Entidad Federal Fuente Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz, 1911) Polianthes tuberosa L. Carabobo 1 Steiner & Buhrer, 1939 Aphelenchoides bicaudatus (Imamura, 1931) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 Cosmopolita 2 Belonolaimus lineatus Román, 1964 Cucumis melo L. Falcón 3 Cocus nucifera L. Carabobo 4 Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) Baujard, 1989 C. nucifera Costas en general 11, 22, 72, 73, 74, 75 Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Yaracuy 73, 76 Bursaphelenchus digitulus Loof (1964) C. nucifera Carabobo 2 Bursaphelenchus gonzalezi Loof (1964) Solanum tuberosum L. Lara y Mérida Allium sativum L. Trujillo Hospedante no identificado Miranda 2 Criconema californicum (Diab & Jenkins, 1966) Bosque deciduo Aragua 5 Siddiqi, 1986 Criconema calvum Raski & Golden, 1966 Neurolepis pittieri McClure Aragua 5 Criconema demani (Micoletzky, 1925) Taylor, 1936 Citrus volkameriana Pasq. Carabobo Citrus aurantium L. Aragua 6 Dedranthema grandifolia Ramat Miranda 5 Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Lara 7 Criconema mutabile (Taylor, 1936) Raski & Luc, 1985 Gladiolus hortelanus Bailey Mérida Dianthus caryophyllus L. Táchira D. grandifolia Miranda, Táchira y Trujillo Rosa sp. Táchira Musa AAA Barinas Myrica caracasana Vargas Hospedante no identificado Apure 5 Criconema sphagni Micoletzky, 1925 Espeletia sp. Mérida 5 Criconemoides lizarbus Van Den Berg & Marais, 1995 Melinis minutiflora Beauv. Aragua 8 Discocriconemella limitanea Luc, 1959 Bosque nublado de las cimas Aragua 8 Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1957) Filipjev, 1936 A. sativum Aragua, Carabobo, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, 9, 10, 11 Táchira y Trujillo Allium cepa L. Carabobo 12 Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Solanum tuberosum L. Lara, Mérida, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 Skarbilocich, 1959 Táchira y Trujillo Globodera pallida (Stone, 1973) Behrens, 1975 S. tuberosum Táchira 19 Helicotylenchus abunaami Siddiqi, 1972 Phaseolus vulgaris L. Lara Theobroma cacao L. Delta Amacuro 20 Helicotylenchus cavenessi Sher, 1969 Crescentia cujete L. y Hosp. no identif. Lara Zea mays L. Aragua 20 Helicotylenchus concavus Román, 1961 Z. mays Lara 20 Helicotylenchus conicephalus Siddiqi, 1972 Manilkara zapota L. Lara 20 Helicotylenchus crenacauda Sher, 1966 Tectona grandis L.F. Barinas Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Capsicum frutescens L. y T. cacao Lara Musa AAA Bolívar Heliconia sp. Delta Amacuro 20 Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan. Carabobo C. volkameriana Anzoátegui y Carabobo 6 Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 Cosmopolita 6, 7, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 Helicotylenchus erythrinae (Zimmerman, 1904) Cosmopolita 6, 13, 20, 26, 27, 28, 29 Golden, 1956 Helicotylenchus glissus Thorne & Malek, 1968 Helianthus annuum L. Anzoátegui 20 Helicotylenchus goodi Tikyani, Z. mays Lara 20 Khera & Bhatnagar, 1969 Helicotylenchus indicus Siddiqi, 1963 Carica papaya L. Miranda Hospedante no identificado Lara 20 Helicotylenchus microcephalus Siddiqi, 1972 C. aurantium Trujillo Capsicum annuum L. Lara 20 Helicotylenchus minzi Sher, 1966 Musa AAA Carabobo 20 Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956 Musa AAA Aragua 30 C. aurantium Monagas 6 Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Saccharum officinarum L. Mérida Golden, 1956 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Lara Manihot esculenta Crantz Carabobo 20 Hemicycliophora typica de Man, 1921 S. officinarum Lara 11 Hemicriconemoides cocophilus (Loos, 1948) Chitwood C. nucifera y Cenchrus echinatus L. Aragua 25 & Birchfield, 1957 Paspalum sp. Distrito Federal 8 Citrus sp. No señalada 31 Hemicriconemoides communis Edward & Misra, 1963 Psidium guajava L. y Citrus sinensis Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Zulia 6, 8, 32 Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus Esser, 1960 Cosmopolita sin. H. mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961 3, 6, 8, 25, 32, Hirschmanniella oryzae (van Breda de Haan, 1902), Luc Oryza sativa L. Portuguesa & Goodey, 1964 11, 33 Hirschmanniella spinicaudata (Schuurmans O. sativa Stekhoven, 1944) Luc & Goodey, 1964 Carabobo y Guárico 11 Hoplolaimus seinhorstii Luc, 1958 P. guajava y Citrus sp. Zulia 6, 26 Longidorus edmundsi Hunt & Siddiqi,
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