DOCSLIB.ORG

Análisis Filogenético De La Subclase Marchantiidae (Marchantiophyta): Clarificando La Relación Entre Órdenes Y Familias

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Análisis Filogenético De La Subclase Marchantiidae (Marchantiophyta): Clarificando La Relación Entre Órdenes Y Familias ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DE LA SUBCLASE MARCHANTIIDAE (MARCHANTIOPHYTA): CLARIFICANDO LA RELACIÓN ENTRE ÓRDENES Y FAMILIAS Jorge Rafael Flores Tesis realizada para optar al título de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional de Tucumán - 2017 - 0 Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DE LA SUBCLASE MARCHANTIIDAE (MARCHANTIOPHYTA): CLARIFICANDO LA RELACIÓN ENTRE ÓRDENES Y FAMILIAS Jorge Rafael Flores Tesis realizada para optar al título de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas Director: Dr. Guillermo M. Suárez Director Asociado: Dr. Santiago A. Catalano -2017- Comisión de Supervisión Dr. Guillermo M. Suarez Dr. Santiago A. Catalano Ph. D. Pablo A. Goloboff Dr. Juan B. Larraín AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiera comenzar por agradecer a mis directores, Guille Suarez y Santi Catalano, quienes siempre contribuyeron, y aún contribuyen, a mi crecimiento profesional mediante el intercambio sincero de ideas y sugerencias. A Sole, compañera y amiga de ruta, con quién tuve la fortuna de compartir viajes de campo, cursos, congresos, etc. A mis amigos colegas de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Córdoba y de la Patagonia por su buena onda en cada encuentro. No puedo dejar de mencionar a mis amigos de Tucumán; especialmente a Cristian y a Gonzalo, por su compañerismo y amistad (y, desde luego, por las “cervezeadas”). También, y no menos por ser de otra especie, a la Lara (¡mi bóxer!). Siempre acompañándome en todo momento con su alegría (aunque sospecho que, en realidad, esperaba ligar comida). En el plano personal, quiero agradecer a mis viejos y mis hermanos por su esfuerzo interminable en darme todo lo necesario para alcanzar mis metas. No puedo imaginar lo distinto que hubiese sido mi vida sin su esfuerzo. A la gente de “mis pagos”, a mis amigos, a todos ellos, a los que están y ya no están. No olvido jamás lo que aprendí de ellos, la lealtad y la coherencia. Aún seguimos siendo los mismos de siempre, no hay diploma ni títulos que lo cambien; todavía somos los de la esquina del barrio. A Vale por su compañía, su cariño y las interminables charlas reflexivas. Descubrí en ella no sólo a una gran compañera sino también a una persona apasionada y sensible. Gracias por enseñarme tanto. A todos ellos por hacerme quien soy. “[…] ven pasar árboles y pájaros e ignoran a qué sombra pertenecen […] es posible que hayan extraviado la brújula y hoy vaguen preguntando, preguntando dónde carajo queda el buen amor porque vienen del odio […]” Desaparecidos, Benedetti-Viglietti A mi tía, a su impronta. ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DE LA SUBCLASE MARCHANTIIDAE (MARCHANTIOPHYTA): CLARIFICANDO LA RELACIÓN ENTRE ÓRDENES Y FAMILIAS ÍNDICE RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO I - INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................... 10 Resumen – .............................................................................................................................. 11 BRIÓFITOS, ASPECTOS GENERALES ......................................................................................... 11 LA DIVISIÓN MARCHANTIOPHYTA Y LA SUBCLASE MARCHANTIIDAE (HEPÁTICAS TALOSAS COMPLEJAS) ............................................................................................................................ 16 OBJETIVOS............................................................................................................................... 20 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ....................................................................................................... 21 CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS Y ANATÓMICOS DE LA SUBCLASE MARCHANTIIDAE .......... 26 CARACTERES GAMETOFÍTICOS ............................................................................................ 27 CARACTERES ESPOROFÍTICOS .............................................................................................. 56 DEFINICIÓN DE CARACTERES .................................................................................................. 67 DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN .................................................................................................... 86 1 REFERENCIAS – ........................................................................................................................ 88 CAPÍTULO II - FILOGENIA ............................................................................................................ 97 Resumen – .............................................................................................................................. 98 INTRODUCCIÓN: ESTATUS FILOGENÉTICO DE MARCHANTIIDAE Y LAS CLASIFICACIONES BASADAS EN EL PRINCIPIO DE LA SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA ........................................... 99 ESTRATEGIAS DE VIDA Y FILOGENIA .................................................................................. 102 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ..................................................................................................... 104 MUESTREO TAXONÓMICO Y MORFOLÓGICO ................................................................... 104 DATOS MOLECULARES ....................................................................................................... 119 ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICOS, BÚSQUEDAS FORZADAS Y COMPARACIONES TOPOLÓGICAS . 120 RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARACTERES, SINAPOMORFÍAS Y DIAGNOSIS .............................. 122 PATRONES EVOLUTIVOS DE ESTRATEGIAS DE VIDA Y PERTENENCIA TAXONÓMICA ........ 123 RESULTADOS ......................................................................................................................... 123 ÁRBOL COMBINADO BAJO PESADO DE BLOQUES (BW) Y BÚSQUEDAS FORZADAS.......... 123 ANÁLISIS PARTICIONADOS ................................................................................................ 129 ANÁLISIS DE SENSITIVIDAD (ESTABILIDAD DE GRUPOS) ................................................... 132 CONTRIBUCIÓN RELATIVA DE DATOS ................................................................................ 133 2 MAPEO DE SINAPOMORFÍAS Y EVALUACIÓN DE DIAGNOSIS ........................................... 138 MAPEO DE CARACTERES ADAPTATIVOS ............................................................................ 147 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................................ 149 MONOFILIA DE GRUPOS Y ESTABILIDAD ........................................................................... 149 CONTRIBUCIÓN DE DATOS, CONFLICTO Y CONGRUENCIA ................................................ 154 SINAPOMORFÍAS Y DIAGNOSIS ......................................................................................... 158 ESTRATEGIAS DE VIDA, SIMILITUD MORFOLÓGICA Y ESCENARIOS EVOLUTIVOS ............. 163 CONCLUSIONES ..................................................................................................................... 165 REFERENCIAS - ...................................................................................................................... 166 CAPÍTULO III – CORRELACIÓN DE CARACTERES ....................................................................... 174 RESUMEN – ........................................................................................................................... 175 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................... 176 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ..................................................................................................... 180 Filogenia............................................................................................................................ 180 Correlación de caracteres discretos. ................................................................................ 180 RESULTADOS ......................................................................................................................... 184 VARIABILIDAD DE CARACTERES ADAPTATIVOS ................................................................. 184 3 CORRELACIÓN FILOGENÉTICA ........................................................................................... 184 DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN .................................................................................................. 187 REFERENCIAS - ...................................................................................................................... 192 CAPÍTULO IV – CLASIFICACIÓN Y CAMBIOS TAXONÓMICOS .................................................. 197 Resumen – ............................................................................................................................ 198 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................... 198 PROPUESTAS CLASIFICATORIAS EN EL MARCO DE LA SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA ........ 198 CLASIFICACIONES PREVIAS Y ACTUAL DE MARCHANTIIDAE ............................................. 201 CLASIFICACIÓN ...................................................................................................................... 206 CLASE: MARCHANTIOPSIDA Cronquist, Takht. & W. Zimm., Taxon 15: 132 (1966) ........... 209 SUBCLASE: BLASIIDAE He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Marchantiophyta Di Kawasan Air Terjun Parangkikis Pagerwojo Tulungagung
    Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, Vol 6 No 2, Oktober 2019. Pp: 17-21 e-ISSN: 2406 – 8659 IDENTIFIKASI KEANEKARAGAMAN MARCHANTIOPHYTA DI KAWASAN AIR TERJUN PARANGKIKIS PAGERWOJO TULUNGAGUNG Repik Febriansah, Eni Setyowati*), Arbaul Fauziah Jurusan Tadris Biologi, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, IAIN Tulungagung Jalan Mayor Sujadi No. 46 Tulungagung *)Email: [email protected] Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis dari Divisi Marchantiophyta di Kawasan Air Terjun Parangkikis. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga Maret 2019 dengan metode jelajah di sekitar Air Terjun Parangkikis Pagerwojo, Tulungagung. Identifikasi Marchantiophyta dilakukan di Laboratorium IPA Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Tulungagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di kawasan Air Terjun Parangkikis terdapat dua kelas, yaitu Marchantiopsida dan Jungermanniopsida. Pada kelas Marchantiopsida hanya terdapat satu ordo, yaitu Marchantiales. Sedangkan pada kelas Jungermanniopsida meliputi tiga ordo yaitu Jungermanniales, Porellales, dan Pallviciniales. Kata kunci- Air Terjun Parangkikis, Keanekaragaman, Marchantiophyta PENDAHULUAN Tumbuhan lumut merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang memiliki keanekaragaman cukup tinggi. Lumut merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang berukuran kecil yang tempat tumbuhnya menempel pada berbagai substrat seperti pohon, serasah, kayu mati, kayu lapuk, tanah, maupun bebatuan. Lumut dapat tumbuh pada lingkungan lembab dengan penyinaran yang cukup [1]. Secara ekologis lumut berperan penting di dalam fungsi ekosistem. Tumbuhan lumut dapat digunakan sebagai bioindikator lingkungan yang menentukan lingkungan tersebut masih terjaga dengan baik atau sudah tereksploitasi [2]. Lumut hati dapat berfungsi sebagai bioakumulator logam berat [3] dan inhibitor pertumbuhan protozoa [4]. Air Terjun Parangkikis merupakan salah satu daerah pegunungan di Desa Gambiran Kecamatan Pagerwojo Kabupaten Tulungagung yang kaya dengan berbagai jenis lumut. Namun, penelitian tumbuhan lumut di kawasan tersebut belum banyak dilakukan.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytotaxa, a Synthesis of Hornwort Diversity
    Phytotaxa 9: 150–166 (2010) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2010 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) A synthesis of hornwort diversity: Patterns, causes and future work JUAN CARLOS VILLARREAL1 , D. CHRISTINE CARGILL2 , ANDERS HAGBORG3 , LARS SÖDERSTRÖM4 & KAREN SUE RENZAGLIA5 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269; [email protected] 2Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian National Herbarium, Australian National Botanic Gardens, GPO Box 1777, Canberra. ACT 2601, Australia; [email protected] 3Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496; [email protected] 4Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [email protected] 5Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901; [email protected] Abstract Hornworts are the least species-rich bryophyte group, with around 200–250 species worldwide. Despite their low species numbers, hornworts represent a key group for understanding the evolution of plant form because the best–sampled current phylogenies place them as sister to the tracheophytes. Despite their low taxonomic diversity, the group has not been monographed worldwide. There are few well-documented hornwort floras for temperate or tropical areas. Moreover, no species level phylogenies or population studies are available for hornworts. Here we aim at filling some important gaps in hornwort biology and biodiversity. We provide estimates of hornwort species richness worldwide, identifying centers of diversity. We also present two examples of the impact of recent work in elucidating the composition and circumscription of the genera Megaceros and Nothoceros.
    [Show full text]
  • The Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Biochemical Compounds of Dicranum Scoparium and Porella Platyphylla
    Aydın S. 2020. Anatolian Bryol……………………………………………………………..……………19 Anatolian Bryology http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/anatolianbryology Anadolu Briyoloji Dergisi Research Article DOI: 10.26672/anatolianbryology.701466 e-ISSN:2458-8474 Online The free radical scavenging activities of biochemical compounds of Dicranum scoparium and Porella platyphylla Sevinç AYDIN1* 1Çemişgezek Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, TURKEY Received: 10.03.2020 Revised: 28.03.2020 Accepted: 17.04.2020 Abstract The bryophytes studies carried out in our country are mainly for bryofloristic purposes and the studies on biochemical contents are very limited. Dicranum scoparium and Porella platyphylla taxa of bryophytes were used in the present study carried out to determine the free radical scavenging activities, fatty acid, and vitamin contents. In this study, it was aimed to underline the importance of bryophytes for scientific literature and to provide a basis for further studies on this subject. The data obtained in this study indicate that the DPPH radical scavenging effect of D. scoparium taxon is significantly higher than that of P. platyphylla taxon. It is known that there is a strong relationship between the phenolic compound content of methanol extracts of the plants and the DPPH radical scavenging efficiency. When the fatty acid contents were examined, it was observed that levels of all unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the P. platyphylla taxon than the D. scoparium taxon, except for α-Linolenic acid. When the vitamin contents of species were compared, it was determined that D-3, α -tocopherol, stigmasterol, betasterol amount was higher in Dicranum taxon. Keywords: DPPH, Fatty Acid, Vitamin, Dicranaceae, Porellaceae Dicranum scoparium ve Porella platyphylla taxonlarının biyokimyasal bileşiklerinin serbest radikal temizleme faaliyetleri Öz Ülkemizde briyofitler ile ilgili olan çalışmalar genellikle briyofloristik amaçlı olup serbest radikal temizleme aktiviteleri ve yağ asidi içerikleri gibi diğer amaçlı çalışmalar yok denecek kadar azdır.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Metzgeriales: Aneuraceae
    Glime, J. M. 2021. Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Metzgeriales: Aneuraceae. Chapt. 1-11. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte 1-11-1 Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 11 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-11: AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, ORDER METZGERIALES: ANEURACEAE TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBCLASS METZGERIIDAE ........................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Order Metzgeriales............................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneuraceae ................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneura .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-2 Aneura maxima ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-11-2 Aneura mirabilis .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-7 Aneura pinguis ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Gene Losses Occur with Minimal Size Reduction in the Plastid Genome of the Parasitic Liverwort Aneura Mirabilis
    Functional Gene Losses Occur with Minimal Size Reduction in the Plastid Genome of the Parasitic Liverwort Aneura mirabilis Norman J. Wickett,* Yan Zhang, S. Kellon Hansen,à Jessie M. Roper,à Jennifer V. Kuehl,§ Sheila A. Plock, Paul G. Wolf,k Claude W. dePamphilis, Jeffrey L. Boore,§ and Bernard Goffinetà *Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut; Department of Biology, Penn State University; àGenome Project Solutions, Hercules, California; §Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute and University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, California; and kDepartment of Biology, Utah State University Aneura mirabilis is a parasitic liverwort that exploits an existing mycorrhizal association between a basidiomycete and a host tree. This unusual liverwort is the only known parasitic seedless land plant with a completely nonphotosynthetic life history. The complete plastid genome of A. mirabilis was sequenced to examine the effect of its nonphotosynthetic life history on plastid genome content. Using a partial genomic fosmid library approach, the genome was sequenced and shown to be 108,007 bp with a structure typical of green plant plastids. Comparisons were made with the plastid genome of Marchantia polymorpha, the only other liverwort plastid sequence available. All ndh genes are either absent or pseudogenes. Five of 15 psb genes are pseudogenes, as are 2 of 6 psa genes and 2 of 6 pet genes. Pseudogenes of cysA, cysT, ccsA, and ycf3 were also detected. The remaining complement of genes present in M. polymorpha is present in the plastid of A. mirabilis with intact open reading frames. All pseudogenes and gene losses co-occur with losses detected in the plastid of the parasitic angiosperm Epifagus virginiana, though the latter has functional gene losses not found in A.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Networks in Ancient and Widespread Symbioses Between Mucoromycotina and Liverworts
    This is a repository copy of Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150867/ Version: Published Version Article: Rimington, WR, Pressel, S, Duckett, JG et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts. Mycorrhiza, 29 (6). pp. 551-565. ISSN 0940-6360 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00918-x Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Mycorrhiza (2019) 29:551–565 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-019-00918-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts William R. Rimington1,2,3 & Silvia Pressel2 & Jeffrey G. Duckett2 & Katie J. Field4 & Martin I. Bidartondo1,3 Received: 29 May 2019 /Accepted: 13 September 2019 /Published online: 13 November 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Like the majority of land plants, liverworts regularly form intimate symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina).
    [Show full text]
  • Divergence Times and the Evolution of Morphological Complexity in an Early Land Plant Lineage (Marchantiopsida) with a Slow Molecular Rate
    Research Divergence times and the evolution of morphological complexity in an early land plant lineage (Marchantiopsida) with a slow molecular rate Juan Carlos Villarreal A.1,3,4, Barbara J. Crandall-Stotler2, Michelle L. Hart1, David G. Long1 and Laura L. Forrest1 1Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK; 2Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; 3Present address: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama; 4Present address: Departement de Biologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6 Summary Authors for correspondence: We present a complete generic-level phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts, a lineage Juan Carlos Villarreal A that includes the model system Marchantia polymorpha. The complex thalloids are remark- Tel: +1418 656 3180 able for their slow rate of molecular evolution and for being the only extant plant lineage to Email: [email protected] differentiate gas exchange tissues in the gametophyte generation. We estimated the diver- Laura L. Forrest gence times and analyzed the evolutionary trends of morphological traits, including air cham- Tel: + 44(0) 131248 2952 bers, rhizoids and specialized reproductive structures. Email: [email protected] A multilocus dataset was analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Received: 29 June 2015 Relative rates were estimated using local clocks. Accepted: 15 September 2015 Our phylogeny cements the early branching in complex thalloids. Marchantia is supported in one of the earliest divergent lineages. The rate of evolution in organellar loci is slower than New Phytologist (2015) for other liverwort lineages, except for two annual lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • Article ISSN 1179-3163 (Online Edition)
    Phytotaxa 63: 21–68 (2012) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2012 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2009–2010 LARS SÖDERSTRÖM1, ANDERS HAGBORG2, MARSHALL R. CROSBY3 & MATT VON KONRAT2 1 Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605–2496, U.S.A.;[email protected], [email protected] 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166–0299 U.S.A.; [email protected] Abstract A widely accessible list of known plant species is a fundamental requirement for plant conservation and has vast applications. An index of published names of liverworts and hornworts between 2009 and 2010 is provided as part of a continued effort in working toward producing a world checklist of this group. Included in the list are also names overlooked by earlier indices. The list includes 30 higher taxa, 250 species, 52 infraspecific taxa, 31 autonyms, and two fossils for 2009 and 2010. A number of taxa not covered by the earlier indices for 2000-2008 are also included. Key words: Liverworts, hornworts, index, nomenclature Introduction Under the auspices of the Early Land Plants Today project, there has been a strong community-driven effort attempting to address the critical need to synthesize the vast nomenclatural, taxonomic and global distributional data for liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) (von Konrat et al. 2010a). These endeavours are critical in providing the foundation to develop a working checklist of liverworts and hornworts worldwide; the first version is projected to be published in 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Wikstrom2009chap13.Pdf
    Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) Niklas Wikströma,*, Xiaolan He-Nygrénb, and our understanding of phylogenetic relationships among A. Jonathan Shawc major lineages and the origin and divergence times of aDepartment of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, those lineages. Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D 75236, Altogether, liverworts (Phylum Marchantiophyta) b Uppsala, Sweden; Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural comprise an estimated 5000–8000 living species (8, 9). History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Early and alternative classiA cations for these taxa have cDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed (niklas.wikstrom@ been numerous [reviewed by Schuster ( 10)], but the ebc.uu.se) arrangement of terminal taxa (species, genera) into lar- ger groups (e.g., families and orders) based on morpho- logical criteria alone began in the 1960s and 1970s with Abstract the work of Schuster (8, 10, 11) and Schljakov (12, 13), and culminated by the turn of the millenium with the work Liverworts (Phylum Marchantiophyta) include 5000–8000 of Crandall-Stotler and Stotler (14). 7 ree morphological species. Phylogenetic analyses divide liverworts into types of plant bodies (gametophytes) have generally been Haplomitriopsida, Marchantiopsida, and Jungerman- recognized and used in liverwort classiA cations: “com- niopsida. Complex thalloids are grouped with Blasiales in plex thalloids” including ~6% of extant species diversity Marchantiopsida, and leafy liverworts are grouped with and with a thalloid gametophyte that is organized into Metzgeriidae and Pelliidae in Jungermanniopsida. The distinct layers; “leafy liverworts”, by far the most speci- timetree shows an early Devonian (408 million years ago, ose group, including ~86% of extant species diversity and Ma) origin for extant liverworts.
    [Show full text]
  • Hepaticae, Metzgeriales)
    Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2010, 31 (3): 207-215 ©2010 Adac. Tous droits réservés Fast identification method for an allopolyploid liverwort Pellia borealis Lorbeer (Hepaticae, Metzgeriales) Ewa CHUDZI◊SKA*&Ireneusz J. ODRZYKOSKI Department of Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Pozna¬,Poland (Received 13 February 2009, accepted 22 March 2010) Abstract –Asimple method was described for the identification of an allopolyploid liverwort Pellia borealis based on isozyme analysis. Aperfect correlation was observed between the polyploid chromosome number (n=18) and the fixed heterozygous isoenzyme pattern of two diaphorase loci (DiaA and DiaC) in alarge collection of Pellia epiphylla sensu lato from Polish populations. Therefore, their isozyme pattern may be used as a reliable diagnostic marker, which makes it possible to distinguish between apolyploid and two parental cryptic species from the P. epiphylla complex. Due to the alloploid origin of P. borealis we postulate that the species rank of the taxon should be maintained and geographical distribution revised. Isozyme markers /chromosome number /allopolyploidy / Pellia borealis /Pellia epiphylla complex INTRODUCTION Liverworts from genus Pellia the Epiphyllae section (Schust.) occurs in North America, Europe and Asia (de Sloover &Messe, 1982; Newton, 1986a; Szweykowski et al., 1995; Odrzykoski et al., 1996). Recent studies on genetic variability of this section have provided new evidence supporting ahypothesis of allopolyploid origins of Pellia borealis Lorbeer as aspecies originated by hybridization between two cryptic species from the Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda complex and subsequent polyploidization (Odrzykoski et al.,1996; Chudzi¬ska et al., 2005; Fiedorow et al.,2001; Pacak &Szweykowska-Kuli¬ska, 2000, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • BRYOPHYTES .Pdf
    Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams Bryophyta Geeta Asthana Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow – 226007 India Date of submission: May 11, 2006 Version: English Significant Key words: Bryophyta, Hepaticopsida (Liverworts), Anthocerotopsida (Hornworts), , Bryopsida (Mosses). 1 Contents 1. Introduction • Definition & Systematic Position in the Plant Kingdom • Alternation of Generation • Life-cycle Pattern • Affinities with Algae and Pteridophytes • General Characters 2. Classification 3. Class – Hepaticopsida • General characters • Classification o Order – Calobryales o Order – Jungermanniales – Frullania o Order – Metzgeriales – Pellia o Order – Monocleales o Order – Sphaerocarpales o Order – Marchantiales – Marchantia 4. Class – Anthocerotopsida • General Characters • Classification o Order – Anthocerotales – Anthoceros 5. Class – Bryopsida • General Characters • Classification o Order – Sphagnales – Sphagnum o Order – Andreaeales – Andreaea o Order – Takakiales – Takakia o Order – Polytrichales – Pogonatum, Polytrichum o Order – Buxbaumiales – Buxbaumia o Order – Bryales – Funaria 6. References 2 Introduction Bryophytes are “Avascular Archegoniate Cryptogams” which constitute a large group of highly diversified plants. Systematic position in the plant kingdom The plant kingdom has been classified variously from time to time. The early systems of classification were mostly artificial in which the plants were grouped for the sake of convenience based on (observable) evident characters. Carolus Linnaeus (1753) classified
    [Show full text]
  • Sphaerocarpales (Marchantiophyta) New to China, with Special References to a New Species of Sphaerocarpos from Hengduan Mountains
    Sphaerocarpales (Marchantiophyta) new to China, with special references to a new species of Sphaerocarpos from Hengduan Mountains Authors: Xiang, You-Liang, and Zhu, Rui-Liang Source: The Bryologist, 122(4) : 586-596 Published By: The American Bryological and Lichenological Society URL: https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-122.4.586 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-Bryologist on 06 May 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by East China Normal University Sphaerocarpales (Marchantiophyta) new to China, with special references to a new species of Sphaerocarpos from Hengduan Mountains You-Liang Xiang1 and Rui-Liang Zhu1,2,3 1 Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; 2 Institute of Eco-Chongming and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China ABSTRACT.
    [Show full text]