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Volume 7, Number 2, March - acoreanajr.com www.acoreanajr.com/index.php/archive?layout=edit&id=98 Municipal waste cycle management a case study: Robat Karim County .... I.N. Budiartha R.M. Risks management on building projects in Bali Items where Author is "Dr. Ir. Nyoman Budiartha RM., MSc, I NYOMAN ... erepo.unud.ac.id/.../Dr=2E_Ir=2E__Nyoman_Budiart... Translate this page Jul 19, 2016 - Dr. Ir. Nyoman Budiartha RM., MSc, I NYOMAN BUDIARTHA RM. (2015) Risks Management on Building Projects in Bali. International Journal ... Risks Management on Building Projects in Bali - UNUD | Universitas ... https://www.unud.ac.id/.../jurnal201605290022382.ht... Translate this page May 29, 2016 - Risks Management on Building Projects in Bali. Abstrak. Oleh : Dr. Ir. Nyoman Budiartha RM., MSc. Email : [email protected]. Kata kunci ... [PDF]Risk Management Practices in a Construction Project - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id... ResearchGate 5.1 How are risks and risk management perceived in a construction project? 50 ... Risk management (RM) is a concept which is used in all industries, from IT ..... structure is easy to build and what effect will it have on schedule, budget or safety. Missing: budiarta bali [PDF]Risk management in small construction projects - Pure https://pure.ltu.se/.../LTU_LIC_0657_SE... Luleå University of Technology by K Simu - Cited by 24 - Related articles The research school Competitive Building has also been invaluable for my work .... and obstacles for risk management in small projects are also focused upon. Missing: budiarta bali [PDF]RISK IMPACT ANALYSIS ON THE INVESTMENT OF DRINKING ... www.ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/download/1764/456 by A Hidayatno - Related articles drinking water supply system construction project in South Bali. ... project risk management method with the value at risk to calculate the impact of risks ... private sector in managing, regulating, and financing the water supply in the form of Build. Missing: budiarta rm Jurnal Spektran | Directory of Open Access Journals https://doaj.org/toc/2302-2590 Directory of Open Access Journals Sep 15, 2015 - ... PEMELIHARAAN FASILITAS PADA BANDAR UDARA NGURAH RAI BALI ...... I Made Suska V, N. Budiartha R. M., Gd. Astawa Diputra Alternatif Kerjasama Pemerintah Dan Swasta - Documents documents.mx › Documents Translate this page Jul 23, 2015 - Wisma Wisata Werdhapura Sanur – Bali, 2 – 3 Juni 2010 ISBN: ... PEMILIHAN DESTINASI: STUDI KASUS PULAU BALI Budiartha R.M, Manfaat, D., .... JENIS BANGUNAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN (GREEN BUILDING) Suwandy, N., ...... A life-cycle risk management framework for PPP infrastructure projects, ... [PDF]5. SKT NonKonstruksi 2013.xlsx migas.esdm.go.id/public/images/uploads/.../5-skt-nonkonstruksi-2013.pdf Feb 1, 2013 - Penyedia tenaga kerja: juru las, risk base, pesawat ... 13-Feb-13. 107 PT Equipment Reliability Management p...... Lapisan, Pressure Build Up Testing, Pressure ...... Gedung Price Center Lt. 10 RM 1008 - ...... PT Budi Arta Sakti ...... Jasa Konsultan Project Manajement ...... Pass Ngurah Rai - Kuta - Bali. [PDF]daftar judul dan peneliti serta perguruan tinggi yang - Simlitabmas simlitabmas.dikti.go.id/fileUpload/pengumuman/printkelas.pdf Bali-Nusa Tenggara Bagi Pencapaian MDGs. 10. 20 UNIVERSITAS ..... Management terhadap Tata Kelola dan Kinerja .... GENOTIPE HPV HIGH RISK PADA PASIEN ... Development of Environmental Friendly Building ...... HYDROCHLORIDE (RM) DAN PROTEIN EKSTRAK .... Model Project Citizen Untuk Meningkatkan.
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Volume 7, Number, March – acoreanajr.com http://www.acoreanajr.com/index.php/archive?layout=edit&id=98 PART A. APPLIED AND NATURAL SCIENCES 1. Mansyur Radjab, Andi Lolo, Pawennari Hijjang, Suradi Tahmir Analysis of the transformation from the traditional fisherman being seaweed farmers in Pabiringa, Jeneponto Regency DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.1 2. Hamed Jelodar, Seyed Javad Mirabedini, Ali Haroonabadi Providing a smart method to identify advertising web sites to improve the quality of search engine DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.2 3. Narges Amini Moghadam, Kaveh Mohammad Cyrus, Arash Bakhsha, Jafar Abolfathi Intellectual capital measurement and its influence on company’s performance DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.3 4. Iman Dakhli Volumetric measurement accuracy of maxillary sinus prior to sinus lifting: a comparison of multislice computed tomography and OnDemand 3D software DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.4 5. José António Filipe Nanotechnology and medicine improvement DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.5 6. Fereshteh Kharrazi Qadim Analyzing the pollutions of the constructing phase of the architecture and controlling them in the process of sustainability DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.6 7. Aisha. M. Abd El-Kawy Towards callus production, efficient shootlets regeneration and molecular characterization of Brassica napus L. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.7 8. Mohsen Ranjbar, Touraj Soltani Asl A study of the degree of residents’ preparedness for natural disasters (earthquake) Case study: Eslamshahr DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.8 9. Parvaneh Ziviyar, Mohammad Mohagheghi, Turaj Soltani Asl, Behzad Barzegari Municipal waste cycle management a case study: Robat Karim County DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.9 10. Nabil A. E.Azzaz, Ahmed Abdel-Monem, Abdel-Raddy Mohamedin, Gamal F. Farahat Biochemical studies on phytoconstituents, secondary metabolities and protein characterization in Jatropha curcas L. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.10 11. Zainuddin, Jonathan Salusu, Heri Tahir, Andi Makkulau Development strategy for urban areas Mamminasata in South Sulawesi DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.11 12. Hamed Jafar Zanjani, Fatemeh Delfani, Behnaz Jalali Bourban Multiple allocation hub median problem with considering direct connections between non-hub nodes DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.12 13. Ilham Safarudin Maku, Rakhmat, Andi Makkulau, Asna Aneta Policy implementation of fisheries production in the province of Gorontalo DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.13 14. Hamed Rafiei, Masoud Rabbani, Jafar Razmi, Fariborz Jolai Developing a Benders’ decomposition algorithm for mixed bundle pricing problem DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.14 15. Shahram Sattarifard Codification of principles and criteria for green city with an emphasis on Iran; case study: Tonekabon city DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.15 16. Majid Pourghasem, Hossein Golparvar Structural analysis and optimization of layering and thickness of the carbon-forge composite propeller DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.16 17. Ehsan Khorsand Moadab, Mohsen Khorsand Moadab, Seyed Mohamad Bagher Nakhjavani Evaluating efficiency of stock brokerage companies in Tehran stock market by using (DEA) Data Envelopment Analysis DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.17 18. Rahim Sarvar, Behzad Barzgari, Touraj Soltani Asl Strategic analysis of city’s public transport system with a community-based approach - Islamshahr City DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.18 19. Denial Zardooz, Saeid Morovvati Using the best haplotype value in the nuclei of breeding as a new marker for selection DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.19 20. Mohsen Esmaeeli, Sobhan Sofimowloodi, Farhad Razaghian 20-200 MHz low power delay locked loop based frequency synthesizer DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.20 21. Mahdi Ghaffari, Fatemeh Delfani, Behnaz Jalali Bourban Provide a new method to investigate projects with plurality of rate of return on investment DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.21 22. Abdel I.F. Moneim, S.A. Moussa, Y.M. El-Edfawy Effect of rock phosphate along with elemental sulfur, organic manure and bio-fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of canola (Brassia napus L.) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.22 23. Mohammad Reza Kabaranzad Ghadim, Hossein Javehtash Studying and ranking effective factors on implementation of lean production in Pars Khodro Company by using fuzzy TOPSIS method DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.23 24. Jamshid Esmaeeli, Masoud Farzam, Hadi Hamedi Baranlou Study of interaction curves of concrete column by retrofitted by FRP DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.24 25. Shahram Sattarifard Considering the principles of the sustainable (Green) architecture with the emphasis on traditional patterns DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.25 26. Jehad M. Yousef The ameliorating impact of Foeniculum vulgare against tissue damage induced by nickel chloride in rats DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.26 27. Brahmanto Anggoro Laksono, Alia Damayanti Analysis of the suffiency of Angsana Trees (Pterocarpus indicus) in absorbing carbon monoxide (CO) due to motor vehicles activity on the Ahmad Yani Street Surabaya DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.27 28. Javad Jannatkhah, Gholam Hossein Shahgoli, Mohammad Askari Energy resources, economic and environmental effects
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.28 29. Burcin Olcucu, Serife Vatansever Some physical fitness parameter test results among 7-8 years old tennis players DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.29 30. Yasser Servati, Seyed Hassan Ghodsypour, Mansooreh Soleimani Qualitative advanced time-based impact analysis: a new cross-impact analysis method with time lag considerations DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.30 31. Abdelnaser Omran, Abdullahi Nafiu Zadawa, Auwalu Sani Shehu, Abdul Aziz Hussing Application of public private partnerships procurement option for sustainable development of water supply project in Bauchi city metropolis, Nigeria DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.31 32. Akram Malekkhahi, Maryam Jadid Milani, Parastoo Amiri The relationship between self-transcendence and mental health of hemodialysis patients participating in peer support groups DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.32 33. Majid Zargar, Hossein Ebrahimi, Hamidreza Golkar Hamzee Yazd, Mojtaba Tavousi Studying the possibility of SRTM satellite images as an appropriate alternative for topographic maps at 1/25000 scale (Case study: Dehbar River basin, Mashhad) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.33 34. Elfian Zulkarnain, Tjipto Suwandi, Arief Wibowo Indicators of healthy practice in physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects in elderly DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.34 35. Masume Jian Bagheri, Kiumars Farahbakhsh Effectiveness of existential therapy on quality of life of women with premenstrual syndrome DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.35 36. Alireza Rahimi Chamkhani, Aboutaleb Panahinejad, Seyed Chamran Mousavi, Forough Gashtil, Esfandyar Kohzadi, Mohammad Fathinejad An analysis of ICT indices & digital divide from viewpoint of geographical and spatial justice: a case of Iran's provinces and its urban areas DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.36 37. Arezoo Bahmanpour Khani Abadi, Jamshid Safdarian Study the effect meritocracy on human stimulus-governmental organizations (Case study: Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.37 38. Afshin Amoozadeh Lichaei, Mehrdad Amiirnejad Mojdehi, Abbas Tajaddodi Talab Rashti International design review with emphasis on technology architecture approach or special economic zone Anzali in the Caspian Basin Arts DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.38 39. Mehdi Makvandi, Zeinab Khodabakhshi, Saadat Esfandiari Nejad, Mehrnoush Rostami Ghahvarokhi, Meysam Khodabakhshi The shading of 33 awnings effects existing in climate of Dezful and legitimacy due to climatic reliabilities DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.39 40. Begdeli Fariba, Tabibi Sayed Jamaledin, Nasiripour Amir Ashkan, Ghaffari Farhad Comparative study of hospital governance in selected countries and Iran social security organization DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.40 41. Nahid Khademi, Laleh Mozafari A comparison of food habits of overweight and non-overweight students of Kermanshah schools in the fall of 2014 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.41 42. Sara Jourkesh, Saadat Allah Salehi The relationship between information technology and knowledge management at organizations of youth affairs and sports in Isfahan province DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.42 43. Marsa Azar, Seyed Ali siadat, Ferdos Montazeralzohour, Leila Hosseini Analyzing the factors influencing organizational silence and its impact on employee commitment (Case study: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.43 44. Masoud Rezazadeh Mohammadi, Mohsen Fathi Jegarkandi An optimal roll controller for reducing couplings of a tactical missile DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.44 45. Fatemeh Kahaki, Hossein Jenaabadi, Ahmad Mirgol A comparative study of psychological reactions of anxiety, stress and depression and life satisfaction of fertile and infertile women in Zahedan DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.45 46. Haideh Hassanzadeh Identifying of the existing facies and architectural elements in Molab watershed basin DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.46 47. Amir Naeiji Improvement of measurement accuracy and reduction of energy losses by a new current measurement method in power electronic converters DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.47 48. Marzieh Zendehdel, Laily Hj Paim, Narges Delafrooz Understanding user intention toward 4G mobile service adoption: Diffusion of innovation theory DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.48 49. Ali Mohammadi, Fariborz Parandin Investigating the effects of DG on the distribution network DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.49 50. M.M. Karkhanehchi, F. Parandin, N. Mahtabi The effect of changes in physical parameters of photonic crystals with hexagonal lattice on the frequency band gap DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.50 PART A / 2nd. APPLIED AND NATURAL SCIENCES 51. M. Yu. Arshinov, B.D. Belan, D.K. Davydov, A.V. Fofonov, P. Nedelec, J.D. Paris The distribution of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ozone in clouds and the implications for the global balance of these gases DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.51 52. Munir Ahmad Abu-Helalah, Hussam Ahmad Alshraideh, Ahmad Ali Al-Abdouh, Tariq Asem Dalbah, Yousef Rashad Badran, Odai Faisal Masarweh, Mohammad Ibrahim Hirzallah, Jameel Khaleel Hijazeen Research participation among medical students in Jordan: Rates, attitudes, and barriers DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.52 53. Saeed Sabbagh Kalat, Mohammad Mahallati Rayeni Proposing a cost-oriented model for assembly line balancing problem with resources constraint with genetic algorithm DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.53 54. Aliev Telman Abbas, Nusratov Ogtay Gudrat, Isgenderov Dashqin Alam, Guluyev Gambar Agaverdi, Rzayev Asif Haji, Pashayev Fahrad Haydar, Rezvan Mahammad Huseyn Algorithms of identification of force signals on the polished rod of sucker-rod pumping units DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.54 55. Porandokht Afshari, Mojgan Javadnoori, Seyed Zahra Pazhohideh, Solmaz Mohamadi Shosi Koshte, Hamed Tabesh Studying the educational needs of adolescent girls in Dezful about sexual health DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.55 56. Ayca Araz Ustaomeroglu The use of effective methods for sustainable design in cluster housings - example of Trabzon/Turkey DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.56 57. Sara Shangereevna Sadykova, Kaldybay Kanaevich Arynov, Ualikhan Kazhyakbarovich Kusebaev, Zhanna Markovna Sadykova, Assiya Ruslanovna Nurdubayeva, Almagul Almaganbetovna Toishiyeva, Aray Boshanqyzy Zhanys Retrospective analysis of construction and islamic religious buildings DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.57 58. Mojtaba Tangaki, Alireza Fereidunian, Hamid Lesani Reducing power factor corrective capacitors effect on distribution networks harmonics DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.58 59. Tri Niswati Utami, Tri Martiana, Suhartono Taat Putra Differences of work stress between nurses as members of an informal group and those of non members in hospitals at Medan DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.59 60. T.M. Elshiekh, H.A. Elmawgoud Estimation of economic thickness of thermal insulation for process piping and equipment DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.60 61. Tahani S. Gendya, Taher M. El-Shiekha, Amal S. Zakharya, Salwa A. Ghoneima, Ahmed K. Aboul-Gheit Modeling and optimization of fuel rich and fuel lean catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames over noble disc burners DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.61 62. I.N. Budiartha R.M Risks management on building projects in Bali DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.62 63. E.J. Bekmukhambetov, A.A. Mamyrbaev, T.A. Dzharkenov, Z.A. Imangazina Sensitizing and immunotoxic effect of the chromium and its compounds DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.63 64. Jalal Arasi, Mohammad Hosein Kazemi Comparison of satellite attitude control using two different actuators DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.64 65. Zhanat Kazkenovna Uzdenbayeva Treatment of industrial wastes bentonites DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.65 66. Razieh Keshavarzi, Hasan Salehi Fathabadi Multi-source-sinks network flow interdiction problem DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.66 67. Hossein Yahyaei, Elham Faridchehr, Nader Gharibnavaz Evaluating impacts of store environment, shopping enjoyment and optimum stimulation level on impulse-buying behavior & variety seeking behavior DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.67 68. Zahra Goodarzi, Karim Hamdi Investigating the impact of brand value and brand trust on brand loyalty (With the moderating role of hedonic value) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.68 69. Arash Rouhani, Saeed Adjorloo A survey of the future of human resource in the Iranian State Organization for Tax Affairs a scenario approach DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.69 70. Mohsen Shayan, Sajjad Bazvand, Abbas Zaker, Mohammadkarim Ra'isi Relationships between agricultural development and rural development (Case study: Zarrin Dasht County) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.70 71. Mahmood Mohammadi, Farhad Ebrahimi The effect of organizational intelligence on social entrepreneurship (Case study: Manufacturing companies in Tehran) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.71 72. Idil Aycam, Mine Kinali Analysis of green roofs effect on heating and cooling loads of office buildings in different climates DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.72 73. Leila Mafi Zero-divisor graph of a ring DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.73 74. Morteza Besharati Foumani Examination and prioritization of the dimensions influencing and influenced by the brand image using DEMATEL method (Case study: Mellat Insurance Agencies in Isfahan) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.74 75. Nohegar Ahmad, Esmat Dehghani, Alireza Kamali Simulation of physical growth of Bandar Abbas city using cellular automata models and Markov chain DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.75 76. Amir Hossein Eliien, Hamid Reza Ashrafi Numerical investigation of the effect of Arc Performance on the stability of the retaining structure DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.76 77. Tayebeh Bagheli Discussing relationship management and electronic CRM effect on innovation and commercial performance of Mellat Bank (Case study is Mellat Bank’s supervisory departments) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.77 78. Idil Aycam, Esra Sarioglu Energy efficient double skin facadein different climates DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.78 79. Nurkassymova Saule Nurkassymovna, Serik Meruert, Akanova Rosa Audaevna, Zhanys Arai Boshanqyzy Experimental studies of rotary motion technology with it DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.79 80. Lila Maloomat, Parviz Novin Study and comparison of different types of leave the civil service management law and labor law DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.80 81. Babak Jamshidinavid, Vahid Farhangian, Amin Seidi, Siamak Arish A conceptual look at performance budget in Iran DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.81 82. Amin Rahimi Kia, Parastoo Hajian Fard Relationship between change management and performance management style 1 and 2 zones 1 and 2 secondary schools in the city of Khorramabad DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.82 83. Ezatollah Abbasian, Mahdi Esmaili, Mahdi Tayebi Game theories: approaches, advantage, guidelines and rules DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.83 84. Hossein Asadi, Alireza Shahriari The relationship between conservatism in accounting and corporate default risk in the area of healthy Altman model (Tehran Stock Exchange) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.84 85. Mehrdad Madhoushi, Ramin Alizade Shani, Maryam Ghaedi North Iran steel selected company’s prioritization based on green supply chain criteria using fuzzy approach DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.85 86. Hamed Heravi, Afshin Ebrahimi Designing logging system and human gait feature extraction system by deep-colored images obtained from the Kinect sensor DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.86 87. Jafar Esmaeeli, Ahmad Assadzadeh, Shahram Gholinezhad Investigating the security threats in e-banking gateways DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.87 88. Sakineh Ashrafi Fashi, Fatemeh Goodini, Hossein Hafezi The effectiveness of communication enrichment program training on families’ performance referring to counseling centers DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.88 89. Atena Malek Muhammadi Effectiveness of positive thinking skills’ training on clarity of marital relationship in mothers going to Salamat Health Home DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.89 90. Farzaneh Heidarpoor, Zahra Lashgari, Somayeh Dehnavi The impact of accrual components on stock trading costs with emphasis on information asymmetry DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.90 91. Kave Rostami, GolparMehrabi, Mehrdad Hajihasani, Moslem Zamanipour, Mansour Tork The effect of motivational interview on reducing sexual activity during drug use in male drug users DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.91 92. Ahmad ali Tajdin Lirak Determining the effectiveness of life skills training on reducing high-risk behaviors in men addicted prison Aligudarz DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-1/A.92 93. Fatemeh Taghiyar, Golpar Mehrabi, Kave Rostami, Jafar Eydan, Mansour Tork Examining the effectiveness of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on psychological self-efficacy in dimensions of willingn to initiate a behavior in male high school students DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.93 94. Mohsen Khajavi, Hamid Reza Rostamkhani, Morad Ali Mohammadi Dehdezi, Reza Seraji Internal problems as the reasons of delays in executing developmental plans in industrial towns (Prisoner Cooperative Foundation) DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.94 95. B.F. Nemati, N. Hafezimoghaddas, G.R. Lashkaripour, M. Ghafoori Relationship between physical and mechanical properties of Tirgan limestone in the Northeast of Iran DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.95 96. Mehdi Hashemi, Alireza Ghonoodi, Homayun Motameni Petri net deadlock prevention with controllable, uncontrollable, observable and unobservable transitions DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.96 97. Mohammad Sirwan Gramiparvar, Naser Modiri Introduction of indicators to detect and monitor of computer malware DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.97 98. 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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. 7. No. 2. Iss.2. March, 2015
RISKS MANAGEMENT ON BUILDING PROJECTS IN BALI
I.N. Budiartha R.M
1Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University (INDONESIA) [email protected]
DOI: 10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-2/A.62
Received: 08 Jan, 2015 Accepted: 04 Mar, 2015
ABSTRACT
Bali has been well-known as a tourism place; therefore the development of infrastructures including building projects in this area has also increased significantly. Constructing a building project particularly in the southern part of Bali, which is recognized as a heavy congested area of tourism activities, is likely to face difficulties and risks related to the access and the delivery of materials and equipment to the project location, as well as problems dealing with social, political and regulations. This paper aims to evaluate and assess risk factors that impact on the construction of building projects in Bali. A questionnaire survey was developed based on extensive literature review. The survey involved 20 participants that were selected based on purposive sampling method. It covered contractors, clients (project owners), and consultants those have experienced on constructing building projects located in this particular area. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistic to identify and calculate the likelihood and consequences of risks. Mitigation actions were formulated after classifying risk in terms of risk acceptability. The findings indicates that the identified risks covers three negligible risks, six acceptable risks, twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks. Risk mitigation should be taken to address the major risks (undesirable and unacceptable risks) that mainly rooted from four sources, i.e. Social, political and regulations; environment and nature; finance; and technical of the project.
Keywords: risk assessment, building projects, likelihood, consequences, major risks
1. INTRODUCTION
The economic development in the southern part of Bali has grown-up rapidly, which is dominated by tourism business. It can be seen by the increasing numbers of infrastructure and building projects such as hotels that particularly located in Badung regency. This situation indicates that construction business in this area is well-promised. Badung regency is known as a congested area thus it generates challenges when constructing a building in this location. For instance, heavy traffic jam can impact on the accessibility to the project location, difficulties to load materials and equipment, the noise and pollutant impact on the environment and other technical risks during the constructions period. Contractors should be able to manage these risks, so, they can achieve the project’s objectives, i.e.: to meet time, cost and quality as being planned. Practically, realizing these three objectives often becomes a critical issue. There are many factors that influence the success of a project completion. Risks that particularly related to the construction of the project are one of the factors that should be identified in order to minimize the consequences that likely impact on the project completion. Therefore, identification of risks that likely occurred during the construction phase is an important early stage prior formulating strategies for managing them. This paper aims to identify and assess risk factors related to construction of building projects in Bali. The identification of risk factors was conducted based on an extensive literature review. Subsequently, the identified risks were examined through a questionnaire survey. It involved 20 participants (contractors, consultants, and clients) those experienced on constructing building projects in the area of Badung Regency (i.e.: Seminyak, Legian, Kuta, and Tuban). This paper begins with a review on risk identification in construction industry and risk assessment.
2. RISKS FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Construction industry has often faced the negative effects of change that lead to the failures of many projects to achieve the deadline, cost and quality as being set. Risk occurs due to uncertainty that lead to the possibility of adverse events. However, Al-Shibly, et al [1] argue that if it was practiced in the correct way, risk can become a positive key factor for the company. Smith, et al [2] suggest that employing the principles of risk management will enable engineers to improve the management of this change effectively. Risk management is defined as a set of methods and activities designed to minimize the disruptions rising during project delivery. It covers identification and specification of risks that likely occurs in the construction process, as well as risk assessment and a formulating strategy to address the negative consequences of the risk [3]. Identifying risks is the first essential step in risk management that must be conducted to result proper strategies for mitigating the negative impacts. Risk factors can be identified from their sources[2, 4]. The following table 1 depicts the risk factors that was identified based on previous studies and was summarized into five (5) sources, i.e. Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; Finance; Technical of the Project; and safety.
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Table 1. Risk Identification based on previous studies
No Sources of Risk Risk Factors References 1 Social, Political and Local regulations [3, 5] 2 Regulations Government regulations & regulation change due to government change [5-7] 3 Public opinion, Norms disturbance to the local society due to the construction of [7-9] project, protest from local people, legal environment. 4 Unstable politic of the country [6, 7] 5 Long bureaucracy and corruption [9] 6 Environment & Nature The loss of green open space [8] 7 Environmental pollution (soil, noise, inconvinience,view obstruction) during [7, 8] construction 8 Unforeseen ground condition, weather, earthquake, fire of explosion, archaeology [7] discovery 9 Finance The increase of interest rate, bad market, inflation [4-7, 9] 10 The increase of material and delivery cost [8] 11 Late payment by the client [3, 10] 12 Technical of the project Design changes, incompleted specification, inapplicable design. [3, 5-7, 9] 13 Difficulties to supply and deliver man, materials and equipment to project location [3, 5-7, 9] 14 Failure to achieve quality due to unstandarized handling work and low quality [5, 7] control 15 Organisation, communication and culture [7] 16 Working hours management and procurement strategies [7, 8] 17 Project team competencies [5, 7] 18 Limited parking area for project vehicles and materials loading, and difficulties to [8] access the project location 19 Safety Labour sickness, tiredness [7] 20 Safety, theft, disruption during construction [5-7] 21 High rate of accident during construction due to less awareness to wear safety [4-6] equipment 22 Destruction, riot, sabotage and terorism [4, 5, 7]
3. RISK ASSESSMENT
The first step of risk assessment is by determining the degree of likelihood and consequence of each risk factor. It can be represented by the frequency of mode in descriptive statistics. Multiplication between the mode score of likelihood and consequence will result the degree of risk or called as risk index (RI). The value of RI indicates the level of risk acceptability. Godfrey [7] provides a guidance for classifying risk acceptability level based on the value of RI, as depicted in Table 2. Accordingly, risk assessment can be formulated as [7]:
RI = P x I
where:
RI – the degree of risk (Risk Index) P – Probability (or likelihood) of occurrence of a risk. I – the consequence or perceived impact on a project
Table 2. Assessment of Risk Acceptability
ASSESSMENT OF RISK ACCEPTABILITY
CONSEQUENCE → Catastropic Critical Serious Marginal Negligible (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
LIKELIHOOD ↓ Unacceptable Unacceptable Undesirable Acceptable Frequent (5) Unacceptable15 25 20 10 5 Unacceptable Unacceptable Undesirable Undesirable Acceptable Probable (4) 20 16 12 8 4 Unacceptable Undesirable Undesirable Acceptable Acceptable Occasional (3) 15 12 9 6 3 Undesirable Undesirable Acceptable Acceptable Neglegible Remote (2) 10 8 6 4 2 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Neglegible Neglegible Improbable (1) 5 4 3 2 1 Key: Description Guidance Unacceptable 15 ≤ x ≤ 25 (Intolerable, must be eliminated or transferred) 8 ≤ x < 15 (To be avoided if reasonably practicable, detailed investigation and cost Undesirable benefit justification required, top level approval needed, monitoring essential) Acceptable 3 ≤ x < 8 (Risk can be accepted or managed) Neglegible 1 ≤ x < 3 (There is no further consideration required)
Source: Godfrey [7]
As described in Table 2, one of the steps in risk assessment is to categorize the degree of risk into four main group, i.e. unacceptable, undesirable, acceptable and negligible. Afterwards, actions for mitigating risks can be formulated
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. 7. No. 2. Iss.2. March, 2015 which is associated with the degree of risk. Norman and Flanagan[4] suggest four methods for risk mitigation that includes risk retention, risk reduction, risk transfer and risk avoidance. Based on the degree of risk categorised by Godfrey [7], acceptable and negligible risk are indicated as low risks, so, risk retention can be taken. Meanwhile, unacceptable and undesirable risks have higher degree of risk, therefore proper mitigation actions should be focused on these types of risk. Finally, risk ownership must be defined to specify the parties that responsible and control the risks[4].
4. METHODS
The identified risk factors from the literature were used to develop a questionnaire that consists of 29 questions that were derived from 5 (five) sources of risk. The questionnaire was distributed to 20 participants, involved contractors, consultants and clients those experience on constructing building projects in the area Badung Regency (i.e.: Seminyak, Legian, Kuta, and Tuban). The questionnaire used Likert scale format for measuring respondents’ opinion related to risk likelihood (probability) and risk consequence. The scale used for measuring risk likelihood is: 1(never), 2(rarely), 3(sometimes), 4(often), 5(very often); while, for measuring consequence is: 1(very low), 2(low); 3(moderate), 4(high), 5(very high). The retrieved data was tabulated based on its frequencies (mode). The mode score of likelihood and consequence was multiplied in order to define the degree of risk and to classify the level of risk acceptability. Then, formulation of risk mitigation was focussed on major risks (undesirable and unacceptable), which followed by specifying of risk ownership.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The responses retrieved from 20 participants of the questionaire survey was tabulated. Reliability and validity test was conducted and confirmed that the instrument (questionaire) is reliable and valid. This was indicated by the values of Cronbach’s alpha that above 0.70 and the calculated ”r” that above 0.444 (r table)[11]. Subsequently, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (employed SPSS version 19) to determine the mode (frequency) of ”likelyhood” and ”consequences”. Risk index (RI) was obtained by multiplying them. The result is presented in Table 3. This table also indicates risk acceptability that classified into: three negligible risks, six acceptable risks, twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks. Risk mitigation was focused on major risks that cover undesirable and unacceptable risks.
Table 3. Response to risk likelihood, risk consequences and risk acceptability
No Source Risk Factors P I RI= PI Risk Acceptability of Risk Mode Mode (Risk Index) 1 Social problems that arise from local regulations and Acceptable pressure from local society. 3 2 6 2 Public opinion that assume the construction of the project will Undesirable 3 3 9 destruct the local society norms. 3 Problems deal with obtaining authorization of the project Unacceptable Regulations construction from the government/ related institution. 4 4 16 Social, & Political 4 The loss of some green open space due to the project. Undesirable 3 3 9
5 Pollution to the environment due to the construction and Acceptable operational of the project. 2 2 4
6 The increase of noise during the construction phase that Unacceptable causes disturbance to the local society. 4 4 16
7 The decrease of cleanness and convenience in the Undesirable surrounding of the project. 4 3 12
8 Disturbance to the local society due to unfitting block view. Undesirable
Environment Nature& 3 3 9
9 Potential landslides if the project located in the hilly place and Unacceptable 4 4 16 other unpredicted risk such as earthquake and fire.
10 The escalation of project cost due to the increase of interest Acceptable 2 3 rate if the project is financed by using bank loan. 6
11 The increase of project cost due to the need to build a new Unacceptable access from the main road to carry out materials to the 5 4 20 project location. Finance 12 The decrease of contractor’s profit due to delays and Unacceptable difficulties as the project is located in a high density area of 5 4 20 tourism activities. 13 Delay on project execution due to the design is unfitting with Acceptable 3 2 the real condition of the project location. 6
14 The disruption on project construction due to inaccurate the Undesirable 4 3 12 project scope definitions. 15 The disruption on project construction due to ineffective Undesirable 3 3 strategy for delivering materials and equipment. 9 16 Unable to meet the quality as specified due to the Undesirable 2 4 8 unstandarised work handling. 17 Unable to meet the quality as specified due to low control on Undesirable Technical Technical of Project 2 4 8 work quality. 18 Unable to maximize the project execution due to improper Undesirable 2 4 8 structure of project organisation, in particular that deal with
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No Source Risk Factors P I RI= PI Risk Acceptability of Risk Mode Mode (Risk Index) the competencies / expertise of the project team.
19 Unable to maximize the project execution due to improper Undesirable work methods for each item of work, includes the 3 4 12 management of resources-man, materials and equipment. 20 Undesirable Disruption on project construction due to less competencies 2 4 8 of the project team (consultant & contractor).
21 Unable to meet the quality technically as the material is Acceptable unable to pass the test for its resistance as specified. 2 2 4
22 Limitted of land availability for project vehicles during the Unacceptable construction. 4 4 16 23 Limmited of land for materials loading. Undesirable 4 3 12 24 Difficulties to access the project location. Unacceptable 4 4 16 25 Disruption on working schedule due to the construction Unacceptable working hours that need to be adjusted with the activities 4 4 16 period of the local environment (local society, activities of the nearby hotels). 26 The increase of the sick workers during the project Acceptable 2 2 4 construction due to tiredness. 27 Threats from safety, destruction and stealing in the project 1 Negligible 1 1 location. 28 High rate of accident due to less awareness to wear safety Negligible
Safety 1 1 equipment during the construction. 1 29 Terorism and chaos that threats during the project 1 Negligible construction. 1 1
In order to simplify the formulation of strategies for mitigating risks, the following These actions were formulated based on interviews and brainstorming with the same respondents. The major risks include twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks, are embedded from three main sources of risk, i.e. Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; and Technical of the project. Table 4 depicts the actions that should be taken by the related parties (determined by risk ownership). These actions were formulated based on interviews and brainstorming with the same respondents. The major risks include twelve undesirable risks and eight unacceptable risks, are embedded from three main sources of risk, i.e. Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; and Technical of the project.
Table 4. Mitigation action for the identified Major Risks
No Source Risk Factors Acceptability of Mitigation Actions Risk Ownerships of Risk Risk 1 Public opinion that assume the Undesirable Provide information and approach Project Owner construction of the project will to the public to convince them that Society destruct the local society norms. the project will not desruct the norms of the local society Do not change / remove the existing public acces near the project location, such as the access to the beach for religious ceremonies. 2 Problems deal with obtaining Unacceptable Fulfilling the government Contractor authorization of the project regulations and policies, e.g. related Project Owner construction from the to the river banks, building design Goverment
Political & Regulations government/ related institution. and others. Having discussions and coordination with the related institution to avoid misinformation. 3 The loss of some green open Undesirable Maximizing planting of trees on the Project Owner space due to the t project. remaining land 4 The increase of noise during the Unacceptable Design a method that can reduce Project Owner construction phase that causes noise, e.g. prefabricating of project Contractor disturbance to the local society. component be pursued outside the project location. Coordination with all stakeholders in order to determine proper time that can tolerate the noise. 5 The decrease of cleanness and Undesirable Provide guidance to contractors as Project Owner convenience in the surrounding well as perform regular inspections Contractor
Environment Nature& of the project. to maintain cleanliness during construction phase. Remove project trash and debris periodically so it does not pile up and dirty.
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No Source Risk Factors Acceptability of Mitigation Actions Risk Ownerships of Risk Risk 6 Disturbance to the local society Undesirable Make a strict isolation block to limit Contractor due to unfitting block view. the project area.
7 Unacceptable Create the design that suitable for Project Owner Potential landslides if the project the real condition of the location, Contractor located in the hilly place and involving professional and Consultant other unpredicted risk such as experienced team. Society earthquake and fire. Government
8 Unacceptable Conduct a feasibility study to analyse Project Owner The increase of project cost due the project investment. to the need to build a new access from the main road to carry out materials to the project location.
9 The decrease of contractor’s Unacceptable Contractor must carefully assess Contractor
Finance profit due to delays and the bid price related to the cost of difficulties as the project is changes that caused by other located in a high congested area party(s). of tourism activities. Contractors must ensure that the contract covers clauses of compensation cost due to changes and delays caused by other party(s). 10 Disruption on project Undesirable Carefully list the project scope and Project Owner construction due to inaccurate determine work descriptions which Contractor the project scope definitions refer to the contract. Consultant 11 Disruption on project Undesirable Evaluate the time schedule and Contractor construction due to ineffective associate it with the schedule for strategy for delivering materials supplying material and equipment. and equipment. 12 Unable to meet the quality as Undesirable Create and implement standard Contractor specified due to the procedures of work handling. unstandarised work handling. Build a quality control team 13 Unable to meet the quality as Undesirable Provide documentation, report, specified due to low control on photos, etc. work quality. 14 Unable to maximize the project Undesirable Create an effective structure of Contractor execution due to improper project organisation that assign the structure of the project right people on the right position, organisation, (e.g.: incompetent associated with their skill and project team) experience. Make a clear line of command and job description, so everyone will be aware of their responsibility and
position. 15 Unable to maximize the project Undesirable Create the detail of work method for Contractor execution due to improper work all items of works (e.g.: process, methods for each item of work, procedures, technical work handling, includes the management of technical planning for material, resources – man, materials and equipment and labour). equipment. 16 The disruption on project Undesirable Select a reputable and profesional Contractor construction due to less consultant and contractor Consultant Technical Technical the of project competencies of the project team (consultant & contractor). 17 Limitted of parking area for Unacceptable Provide additional temporary parking Project Owner project vehicles during the area near the location of the project Contractor construction. 18 Limmited of land for materials Undesirable Create an efficient logistic loading. planning to avoid excess storage Increase prefabrication and assemblying outside the project location. Provide temporary area for loading materials 19 Difficulties to access the project Unacceptable Adjust the suitable time and use the Contractor location. proper type of vehicles that are allowed to enter to the project location. 20 Disruption on working schedule Unacceptable Contractors need to consider and Contractor due to the construction working estimate the cost that likely occur hours that need to be adjusted due to this disruption. with the activities period of the Create a written commitment local environment (local society, related to the permitted working activities of the nearby hotels). hours.
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6. CONCLUSION
The related parties (contractors, consultants and project owners) those will be involved in constructing a building project located in a congested area as like as in the south of Bali, should consider these risk factors. The suggested actions need to be taken by the risk owner for mitigating the adverse impacts on project completion, which particularly embedded from four sources, i.e.: Social, Political and regulations; Environment and Nature; and Technical of the project.
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