DOCSLIB.ORG

Our Solar System There Are 8 Planets in the Solar System. Pluto Is No Longer Considered a Planet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Our Solar System There Are 8 Planets in the Solar System. Pluto Is No Longer Considered a Planet Our Solar System There are 8 planets in the solar system. Pluto is no longer considered a planet. From the sun the order of the planets is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Jupiter Jupiter is the largest planet. It is 5th from the sun. It is considered a gas giant. It has no solid surface. Saturn Saturn is 6th from the sun. It is considered a gas giant. It has no solid surface. It has rings around it. Uranus the 7th planet Uranus from the sun. It is considered a gas giant. It has no solid surface. It has rings around it. Neptune is the 8th planet from the sun. Neptune It appears blue from telescopes and is a gas giant. It has no solid surface. It has rings around it. Earth is the 3rd planet from the sun. Earth It is a terrestrial planet (rocky) It can support life because it has an atmosphere, liquid water and is close enough to the sun for light and warmth. Venus is second from the sun. It is similar to Venus the size of earth. It is a very hot planet. It is a terrestrial planet (rocky) Mars is 4th from the sun. Mars It is a terrestrial planet (rocky) The atmosphere is thin and it has canyons and riverbeds. Mercury is the closet to the sun and is the smallest. Mercury It is a terrestrial planet (rocky) It has lots of craters and looks like our moon. Planets sorted in order Planets According to Size of size from largest to smallest are: 1- Jupiter 2- Saturn 3-Uranus 4-Neptune 5-Earth 6-Venus 7-Mars 8-Mercury Rotation The Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours. Revolution The Earth completes one revolution around the sun every 365 days. Seasons Due to the tilt on its axis, the Earth experiences seasons during its revolution around the sun. When the tilt is closer to the sun it is spring and summer. Farther we experience fall and winter. Sun-Earth-Moon relationship The Sun is a stationary star. Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun. The moon rotates on its axis and revolves around Earth. Sun An average sized star. It is 4.6 billion years old. It is about 110 times bigger than the Earth. The Moon The moon is a small rocky satellite. It rotates on its axis and revolves around the Earth about once every 30 days. It is ¼ the size of Earth. It has no atmosphere or life, has very little water, and extreme temperatures. Phases of the Moon There are 8 phases of the moon and are based on the moons position to Earth and the sun. 1. New moon 2. Waxing crescent 3. First quarter (half) 4. Waxing gibbous 5. Full 6. Waning gibbous 7. Last quarter (half) 8. Waning crescent Aristotle Proposed that there were planets and the earth was at its center Central region composed of four elements-earth, air, fire, and water Greek Philosopher and Scientist Ptolemy Proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe Used math as a basis to defend his theory Believed that the earth did not move; rather other objects moved around the earth in a Greek Astronomer and Mathematician perfectly circular motion Viewed the solar system was centered around the Copernicus sun; Believed that the earth rotates on an axis and revolves around the sun Most people could not comprehend a “moving” earth and rejected his theory Polish Astronomer Disagreed with Ptolemy’s theory Galileo Argued Aristotle’s view Believed in Copernicus’ idea of a “sun-centered” universe. Italian Physicist and Astronomer Apollo Missions 1968 – 1971 NASA made several missions to the moon and gathered Astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collin were information. We members of the Apollo 11 Mission. Armstrong and Aldrin walked learned a lot about on the moon. Collin maintained control of the mother ship. the moon from their missions and studies and the samples they collected. Gas Giants the 4 largest planets, made mostly of gas: Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune Terrestrial Planets rocky inner planets: Mercury, Earth, Venus, Neptune .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dwarf Planet Ceres
    Dwarf Planet Ceres drishtiias.com/printpdf/dwarf-planet-ceres Why in News As per the data collected by NASA’s Dawn spacecraft, dwarf planet Ceres reportedly has salty water underground. Dawn (2007-18) was a mission to the two most massive bodies in the main asteroid belt - Vesta and Ceres. Key Points 1/3 Latest Findings: The scientists have given Ceres the status of an “ocean world” as it has a big reservoir of salty water underneath its frigid surface. This has led to an increased interest of scientists that the dwarf planet was maybe habitable or has the potential to be. Ocean Worlds is a term for ‘Water in the Solar System and Beyond’. The salty water originated in a brine reservoir spread hundreds of miles and about 40 km beneath the surface of the Ceres. Further, there is an evidence that Ceres remains geologically active with cryovolcanism - volcanoes oozing icy material. Instead of molten rock, cryovolcanoes or salty-mud volcanoes release frigid, salty water sometimes mixed with mud. Subsurface Oceans on other Celestial Bodies: Jupiter’s moon Europa, Saturn’s moon Enceladus, Neptune’s moon Triton, and the dwarf planet Pluto. This provides scientists a means to understand the history of the solar system. Ceres: It is the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. It was the first member of the asteroid belt to be discovered when Giuseppe Piazzi spotted it in 1801. It is the only dwarf planet located in the inner solar system (includes planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars). Scientists classified it as a dwarf planet in 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Should Earth Get Demoted from Planet Status Just Like Pluto?
    IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver. I (May. – June. 2018), PP 15-19 www.iosrjournals.org Should Earth Get Demoted From Planet Status Just Like Pluto? Dipak Nath Assistant Professor, HOD, Department of Physics, Sao Chang Govt College, Tuensang;Nagaland, India. Corresponding Author: Dipak Nath Abstract: Clyde.W. Tombough discovered Pluto on march13, 1930. From its discovery in 1930 until 2006, Pluto was classified as Planet. In the late 20th and early 21st century, many objects similar to Pluto were discovered in the outer solar system, notably the scattered disc object Eris in 2005, which is 27% more massive than Pluto. On august-24, 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined what it means to be a Planet within the solar system. This definition excluded Pluto as a Planet added it as a member of the new category “Dwarf Planet” along with Eris and Ceres. There were many reasons why Pluto got demoted to dwarf planet status, one of which was that it couldn't clear its orbit of asteroids and other debris. But Earth's orbit is also crowded...too crowded for Earth to be a planet? Earth is indeed in a very crowded orbit, surrounded by tens of thousands of asteroids and other objects. The presence of so many asteroids seems like a serious problem for Earth's claim that it has cleared its neighborhood. And Earth isn't alone in this problem - Jupiter is surrounded by some 100,000 Trojan asteroids, and there's similar clutter around Mars and Neptune.
    [Show full text]
  • Planetarian Index
    Planetarian Cumulative Index 1972 – 2008 Vol. 1, #1 through Vol. 37, #3 John Mosley [email protected] The PLANETARIAN (ISSN 0090-3213) is published quarterly by the International Planetarium Society under the auspices of the Publications Committee. ©International Planetarium Society, Inc. From the Compiler I compiled the first edition of this index 25 years ago after a frustrating search to find an article that I knew existed and that I really needed. It was a long search without even annual indices to help. By the time I found it, I had run across a dozen other articles that I’d forgotten about but was glad to see again. It was clear that there are a lot of good articles buried in back issues, but that without some sort of index they’d stay lost. I had recently bought an Apple II computer and was receptive to projects that would let me become more familiar with its word processing program. A cumulative index seemed a reasonable project that would be instructive while not consuming too much time. Hah! I did learn some useful solutions to word-processing problems I hadn’t previously known exist, but it certainly did consume more time than I’d imagined by a factor of a dozen or so. You too have probably reached the point where you’ve invested so much time in a project that it’s psychologically easier to finish it than admit defeat. That’s how the first index came to be, and that’s why I’ve kept it up to date.
    [Show full text]
  • The Solar System Cause Impact Craters
    ASTRONOMY 161 Introduction to Solar System Astronomy Class 12 Solar System Survey Monday, February 5 Key Concepts (1) The terrestrial planets are made primarily of rock and metal. (2) The Jovian planets are made primarily of hydrogen and helium. (3) Moons (a.k.a. satellites) orbit the planets; some moons are large. (4) Asteroids, meteoroids, comets, and Kuiper Belt objects orbit the Sun. (5) Collision between objects in the Solar System cause impact craters. Family portrait of the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Eris, Ceres, Pluto): My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine (Extra Cheese Pizzas). The Solar System: List of Ingredients Ingredient Percent of total mass Sun 99.8% Jupiter 0.1% other planets 0.05% everything else 0.05% The Sun dominates the Solar System Jupiter dominates the planets Object Mass Object Mass 1) Sun 330,000 2) Jupiter 320 10) Ganymede 0.025 3) Saturn 95 11) Titan 0.023 4) Neptune 17 12) Callisto 0.018 5) Uranus 15 13) Io 0.015 6) Earth 1.0 14) Moon 0.012 7) Venus 0.82 15) Europa 0.008 8) Mars 0.11 16) Triton 0.004 9) Mercury 0.055 17) Pluto 0.002 A few words about the Sun. The Sun is a large sphere of gas (mostly H, He – hydrogen and helium). The Sun shines because it is hot (T = 5,800 K). The Sun remains hot because it is powered by fusion of hydrogen to helium (H-bomb). (1) The terrestrial planets are made primarily of rock and metal.
    [Show full text]
  • Moons, Planets, Solar System, Stars, Galaxies, in Our Universe - an Introduction by Rick Kang Education/Public Outreach Coord
    Moons, Planets, Solar System, Stars, Galaxies, in our Universe - An introduction by Rick Kang Education/Public Outreach Coord. Oregon Astrophysics Outreach HIERARCHY: one within another n Moons ORBIT Planets n Planets ORBIT Stars (Suns) n Stars orbited by Planets are Solar Systems (all Stars?) n Solar Systems form from Nebulas and recyle back into Nebulas (dust & gas) n Nebulas and Solar Systems ORBIT within Galaxies (huge Star Cities) n Many Galaxies fill our Universe Moons Our Solar System’s Planets Our Star (the Sun) Our Galaxy (Milky Way) edge-on from within the pancake (STAR CITY) Stars: distant Suns – Birth, Life, Death (Nebulas, Clusters) Solar System Formation Recycling Stars Heavy Duty Recycling: SUPERNOVA – elements galore DRAWING of our Milky Way Galaxy Looking toward Cygnus and toward galactic center Reality Check: n Visualize SOLAR SYSTEM vs. GALAXY Reality Check: n Visualize SOLAR SYSTEM vs. GALAXY n A Solar System is a VERY TINY DOT within a GALAXY…microscopic! n A ¼” paper punchout vs. a huge disk about 150 MILES WIDE (Coast to Bend or Portland to Roseburg!) Our Sister Galaxy, Andromeda, M31 Other Galaxies in Deep Space The HUBBLE ULTRA-DEEP FIELD a tiny swatch of sky-galaxies galore Hundreds of Billions of GALAXIES in our UNIVERSE n We don’t have enough data to figure out where we are within the UNIVERSE nor how big our Universe might be…evidence is it’s expanding! n We are a member of a cluster and a supercluster of galaxies. How do we know that? n If you leave from a place, how far could you travel in a given amount of time? How old is our Universe, how would that relate to its size? .
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Substellar Objects Below the Deuterium Burning Mass Limit: Planets, Brown Dwarfs Or What?
    geosciences Review A Review on Substellar Objects below the Deuterium Burning Mass Limit: Planets, Brown Dwarfs or What? José A. Caballero Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain; [email protected] Received: 23 August 2018; Accepted: 10 September 2018; Published: 28 September 2018 Abstract: “Free-floating, non-deuterium-burning, substellar objects” are isolated bodies of a few Jupiter masses found in very young open clusters and associations, nearby young moving groups, and in the immediate vicinity of the Sun. They are neither brown dwarfs nor planets. In this paper, their nomenclature, history of discovery, sites of detection, formation mechanisms, and future directions of research are reviewed. Most free-floating, non-deuterium-burning, substellar objects share the same formation mechanism as low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, but there are still a few caveats, such as the value of the opacity mass limit, the minimum mass at which an isolated body can form via turbulent fragmentation from a cloud. The least massive free-floating substellar objects found to date have masses of about 0.004 Msol, but current and future surveys should aim at breaking this record. For that, we may need LSST, Euclid and WFIRST. Keywords: planetary systems; stars: brown dwarfs; stars: low mass; galaxy: solar neighborhood; galaxy: open clusters and associations 1. Introduction I can’t answer why (I’m not a gangstar) But I can tell you how (I’m not a flam star) We were born upside-down (I’m a star’s star) Born the wrong way ’round (I’m not a white star) I’m a blackstar, I’m not a gangstar I’m a blackstar, I’m a blackstar I’m not a pornstar, I’m not a wandering star I’m a blackstar, I’m a blackstar Blackstar, F (2016), David Bowie The tenth star of George van Biesbroeck’s catalogue of high, common, proper motion companions, vB 10, was from the end of the Second World War to the early 1980s, and had an entry on the least massive star known [1–3].
    [Show full text]
  • Stellium Handbook Part
    2 Donna Cunningham’s Books on the Outer Planets If you’re dealing with a stellium that contains one or more outer planets, these ebooks will help you understand their role in your chart and explore ways to change difficult patterns they represent. Since The Stellium Handbook can’t cover them in the depth they deserve, you’ll gain a greater perspective through these ebooks that devote entire chapters to the meanings of Uranus, Neptune, or Pluto in a variety of contexts. The Outer Planets and Inner Life volumes are $15 each if purchased separately, or $35 for all three—a $10 savings. To order, go to PayPal.com and tell them which books you want, Donna’s email address ([email protected]), and the amount. The ebooks arrive on separate emails. If you want them sent to an email address other than the one you used, let her know. The Outer Planets and Inner Life, V.1: The Outer Planets as Career Indicators. If your stellium has outer planets in the career houses (2nd, 6th, or 10th), or if it relates to your chosen career, this book can give you helpful insights. There’s an otherworldly element when the outer planets are career markers, a sense of serving a greater purpose in human history. Each chapter of this e-book explores one of these planets in depth. See an excerpt here. The Outer Planets and Inner Life, v.2: Outer Planet Aspects to Venus and Mars. Learn about the love lives of people who have the outer planets woven in with the primary relationship planets, Venus and Mars, or in the relationship houses—the 7th, 8th, and 5th.
    [Show full text]
  • Size and Scale Attendance Quiz II
    Size and Scale Attendance Quiz II Are you here today? Here! (a) yes (b) no (c) are we still here? Today’s Topics • “How do we know?” exercise • Size and Scale • What is the Universe made of? • How big are these things? • How do they compare to each other? • How can we organize objects to make sense of them? What is the Universe made of? Stars • Stars make up the vast majority of the visible mass of the Universe • A star is a large, glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion • Our Sun is a star Planets • According to the IAU, a planet is an object that 1. orbits a star 2. has sufficient self-gravity to make it round 3. has a mass below the minimum mass to trigger nuclear fusion 4. has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit • A dwarf planet (such as Pluto) fulfills all these definitions except 4 • Planets shine by reflected light • Planets may be rocky, icy, or gaseous in composition. Moons, Asteroids, and Comets • Moons (or satellites) are objects that orbit a planet • An asteroid is a relatively small and rocky object that orbits a star • A comet is a relatively small and icy object that orbits a star Solar (Star) System • A solar (star) system consists of a star and all the material that orbits it, including its planets and their moons Star Clusters • Most stars are found in clusters; there are two main types • Open clusters consist of a few thousand stars and are young (1-10 million years old) • Globular clusters are denser collections of 10s-100s of thousand stars, and are older (10-14 billion years
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Dwarf Desert Evolved Systems Atmospheres And
    Irradiated brown dwarfs - hot Jupiter analogues? Sarah L Casewell1* STFC Ernest Rutherford Research Fellow 1. University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, UK *email: [email protected] As brown dwarfs have atmospheres similar to those we see in Jupiter and in hot Jupiter exoplanets, irradiated brown dwarfs have been described as “filling the fourth corner of parameter space between the solar system planets, hot Jupiter exoplanets and isolated brown dwarfs”. Irradiated brown dwarfs are however, rare. There are only about 22 known around main sequence stars, and even fewer that have survived the evolution of their host star to form close, post-common envelope systems where the brown dwarf orbits a white dwarf. These systems are however, extremely useful. The white dwarf emits more at shorter wavelengths, where the brown dwarf is brightest in the infrared, meaning it is possible to directly observe the brown dwarf – something that is extremely challenging for the main sequence star-brown dwarf systems. BROWN DWARF DESERT ATMOSPHERES AND IRRADIATION Despite there being a plethora of Hot Jupiters known, there are very few The brown dwarfs in these systems are highly irradiated leading to emission brown dwarfs discovered in similar orbits, a phenomenon known as the lines being seen from hydrogen, Ca I, Na I, K I, Ti I and Fe in the systems with brown dwarf desert. This is thought to be caused by the difference in white dwarfs hotter than 13000 K. The hottest primaries show fewer emission formation mechanisms, planets forming via core accretion around stars, lines due to dissociation, but large day- night temperature differences of ~500 but brown dwarfs forming via gravitational instabilty .
    [Show full text]
  • Resonant Moons of Neptune
    EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-901-1, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Resonant moons of Neptune Marina Brozović (1), Mark R. Showalter (2), Robert A. Jacobson (1), Robert S. French (2), Jack L. Lissauer (3), Imke de Pater (4) (1) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, USA, (2) SETI Institute, California, USA, (3) NASA Ames Research Center, California, USA, (4) University of California Berkeley, California, USA Abstract We used integrated orbits to fit astrometric data of the 2. Methods regular moons of Neptune. We found a 73:69 inclination resonance between Naiad and Thalassa, the 2.1 Observations two innermost moons. Their resonant argument librates around 180° with an average amplitude of The astrometric data cover the period from 1981-2016, ~66° and a period of ~1.9 years. This is the first fourth- with the most significant amount of data originating order resonance discovered between the moons of the from the Voyager 2 spacecraft and HST. Voyager 2 outer planets. The resonance enabled an estimate of imaged all regular satellites except Hippocamp the GMs for Naiad and Thalassa, GMN= between 1989 June 7 and 1989 August 24. The follow- 3 -2 3 0.0080±0.0043 km s and GMT=0.0236±0.0064 km up observations originated from several Earth-based s-2. More high-precision astrometry of Naiad and telescopes, but the majority were still obtained by HST. Thalassa will help better constrain their masses. The [4] published the latest set of the HST astrometry GMs of Despina, Galatea, and Larissa are more including the discovery and follow up observations of difficult to measure because they are not in any direct Hippocamp.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Dwarfs: at Last Filling the Gap Between Stars and Planets
    Perspective Brown dwarfs: At last filling the gap between stars and planets Ben Zuckerman* Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Until the mid-1990s a person could not point to any celestial object and say with assurance known (refs. 5–9), the vast majority of that ‘‘here is a brown dwarf.’’ Now dozens are known, and the study of brown dwarfs has brown dwarfs are freely floating among come of age, touching upon major issues in astrophysics, including the nature of dark the stars (2–4). Indeed, the contrast be- matter, the properties of substellar objects, and the origin of binary stars and planetary tween the scarcity of companion brown systems. dwarfs and the plentitude of free floaters was totally unexpected; this dichotomy Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and Dark Matter superplanet from a brown dwarf, such as now constitutes a major unsolved problem in stellar physics (see below). lanets (Greek ‘‘wanderers’’) and stars how they formed, so that the dividing line Surveys for free floaters, both within have been known for millennia, but need not necessarily fall at 13 Jovian P ϳ100 light years of the Sun and in (more the physics underlying their differences masses. distant) clusters such as the Pleiades (The became understood only during the 20th Low-mass stars spend a lot of time, tens Seven Sisters), are still in their early century. Stars fuse protons into helium of billions to trillions of years, fusing pro- stages. But the picture is becoming clear. nuclei in their hot interiors and planets do tons into helium on the so-called ‘‘main Currently, it is estimated that there are not.
    [Show full text]
  • GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution
    GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy Special Publications No. 1 George Herbig in 1960 —————————————————————– GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution —————————————————————– Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 640 North Aohoku Place Hilo, HI 96720 USA . Dedicated to Hannelore Herbig c 2016 by Bo Reipurth Version 1.0 – April 19, 2016 Cover Image: The HH 24 complex in the Lynds 1630 cloud in Orion was discov- ered by Herbig and Kuhi in 1963. This near-infrared HST image shows several collimated Herbig-Haro jets emanating from an embedded multiple system of T Tauri stars. Courtesy Space Telescope Science Institute. This book can be referenced as follows: Reipurth, B. 2016, http://ifa.hawaii.edu/SP1 i FOREWORD I first learned about George Herbig’s work when I was a teenager. I grew up in Denmark in the 1950s, a time when Europe was healing the wounds after the ravages of the Second World War. Already at the age of 7 I had fallen in love with astronomy, but information was very hard to come by in those days, so I scraped together what I could, mainly relying on the local library. At some point I was introduced to the magazine Sky and Telescope, and soon invested my pocket money in a subscription. Every month I would sit at our dining room table with a dictionary and work my way through the latest issue. In one issue I read about Herbig-Haro objects, and I was completely mesmerized that these objects could be signposts of the formation of stars, and I dreamt about some day being able to contribute to this field of study.
    [Show full text]