DOCSLIB.ORG

Manuka Honey and Pediatric Patients: a Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Manuka Honey and Pediatric Patients: a Review ISSN: 2469-5750 Marra et al. J Dermatol Res Ther 2020, 6:085 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5750/1510085 Volume 6 | Issue 1 Journal of Open Access Dermatology Research and Therapy RevIew ARtIcle Manuka Honey and Pediatric Patients: A Review 1* 2 2 Paola Martina Marra, DDS, MS , Rossella Santoro, MS , Giuseppe Diana, MS , Angelo Check for Itro, MD, MS1 and Annalisa Itro, PhD1 updates 1Complex Operative Unit of Stomatological Surgery in Developmental Age, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy 2Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy *Corresponding author: Paola Martina Marra, DDS, MS, Complex Operative Unit of Stomatological Surgery in Developmental Age, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy, Tel: +39-3338626207 the nectar, as well as the quantity of vitamins, mainly Abstract represented by vitamins group B, vitamin C, vitamin K, Manuka is a monofloral honey with New Zealand and Aus- carotene and pantothenic acid. tralian origins. It takes its name from the L. scoparium or tea-tree (manuka or tea tree) plant, whose flowers rich in There is sufficient evidence that recommends the pollen and nectar feed the bees during the production of use of honey in the management of wounds and burns, honey. To be labeled as "New Zeland manuka honey", bees must use at least 70% of the pollen and nectar from manu- thanks to the antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory ka. This honey has nutritional properties similar to those of and antioxidant properties of its components [1-7]. other types of honey even if, containing some active ingre- dients, it seems to inherit many phytotherapeutic and me- In particular, a large number of studies on the ther- dicinal characteristics. Not surprisingly, the manuka plant apeutic use of honey have focused on Manuka honey and honey are used in traditional Maori medicine and in produced by the species Leptospermum scoparium, a contemporary pharmacology. flowering plant native to New Zealand and Australia Keywords [7-15]. Dihydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal, antioxidants and flavonoids are unique and natural components of Children, Manuka honey, Oral cavity Manuka honey and have manifested a wide range of bi- ological effects, including antibacterial, antithrombotic, Introduction anti-inflammatory, ant allergic and vasodilator effects Honey is a remedy with a several virtues: Emollient, [16]. laxative, detoxifying, nourishing and moisturizing. It is Several clinical studies indicate honey as an excellent particularly used for lungs and intestines. In fact, it is detergent-disinfectant for infected wounds [4,7,9,11]. used as a laxative in case of constipation, as an emol- Manuka honey has been recently approved by the FDA lient in chronic bronchitis, it relieves inflammation of (Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment of the mouth and throat, while it is not recommended in burns and ulcers. The physical and bioactive proper- case of chronic diarrhea and in newborns as they are ties of honey, in fact, positively affect the wound heal- very sensitive to its laxative action. ing process as it determines an increase in the release The secret of honey is in the mix of sugars, vitamins, of oxygen from the hemoglobin, creating an unfavor- essential amino acids, enzymes, mineral salts, growth able environment for the activity of proteases [6-9]. stimulating factors and essential oils that act as antibi- In addition, honey stimulates the release of peripheral otics and have interesting therapeutic effects. In par- monocytes of cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF ticular, the sugar component of honey consists of fruc- α, IL 6, IL 1β and TGF β, accelerating the healing process tose (70%) and glucose (30%), the percentages of which [17,18]. vary from honey to honey depending on the origin of From an oral point of view, several studies have as- Citation: Marra PM, Santoro R, Diana G, Itro A, Itro A (2020) Manuka Honey and Pediatric Patients: A Review. J Dermatol Res Ther 6:085. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5750/1510085 Accepted: June 09, 2020: Published: June 11, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Marra PM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Marra et al. J Dermatol Res Ther 2020, 6:085 • Page 1 of 3 • DOI: 10.23937/2469-5750/1510085 ISSN: 2469-5750 certained that honey is not a cariogenic agent [19-33], may seem that there is no need to use honey in children but rather has a bactericidal action as it contains inhibin, due to the low complication rate resulting from the ex- a substance that performs an inhibitory action against traction of the teeth and the rapid healing process in Streptococcus mutans, reducing the production of acids these subjects, it is nevertheless possible to use honey and the phenomena of demineralization of enamel and to improve the process of wound healing from more ex- dentine. Therefore, pure honey, rich in inhibin, does not tensive surgeries such as those to remove mastodons present a danger to the teeth, indeed if used in place of and odontomas, the extraction of multiple teeth under sugar, it protects them. general anesthesia, and also frenectomy procedures. In these cases, honey can play an important role in reduc- Abdelmegid, et al. [25] in fact, showed that irrigation ing pain, swelling and postoperative complications, and of the oral cavity with a solution of honey and green tea, speeding up healing [35,36]. for 2 minutes can reduce the S. mutans count in chil- dren aged 7 to 10 years. In addition, English, et al. [30] In addition, a large number of children suffer from and Atwa, et al. [32] reported that this natural product systemic conditions, such as leukemia whose therapeu- prevents the aggregation of dental plaque, gingivitis tic procedure can lead to cyclic neutropenia and oral and other gum disease. According to many researchers, ulcers. Given the compromised immune system, these therefore, honey would have an effective soothing ef- patients show very slow healing and have a higher risk fect on gingivitis and periodontal diseases [33-34]. of infection. Therefore, the use of an effective, inexpen- sive and available drug that can speed up the wound Soni, et al. [13] assessed the effect of honey on the healing process in these children may be particularly resolution of alveolar osteitis by reporting that C-reac- recommended. tive protein levels decreased significantly after honey treatment, resulting in rapid wound healing. In addition, Ultimately, therefore, the use of honey is a simple severity of pain, erythema and swelling also decreased and inexpensive technique, which has no side effects significantly. Honey-based medicines can therefore be and is easily tolerated by the child for its pleasant taste used to treat alveolar osteitis, a frequent post-operative and aroma, also improving the approach to the inter- complication of permanent tooth extractions (mandibu- vention from a psychological point of view. Therefore, lar molars and wisdom teeth). its use is recommended after minor and even major sur- geries in the oral cavity. El-Haddad, et al. [17] conducted a pilot study to eval- uate the clinical efficacy of the local application of hon- Conflicts of Interest ey for the treatment of some common inflammatory, The authors declare no conflicts of interest. vesiculobullous and ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity. Their injuries included recurrent aphthous stomatitis, References recurrent intraoral herpetic ulcers, atrophic/erosive 1. Ashraf S (2015) Use of aloevera and honey on post ex- oral lichen planus, oral candidiasis and oral psoriasis. traction healing. Int J Dent Health Sci 2: 636-639. The results showed that in all subjects, pain, itching, and 2. Carter DA, Blair SE, Cokcetin NN, Bouzo D, Brooks P, et al. injury sizes decreased and patients in general reported (2016) Therapeutic Manuka honey: No longer so alternati- improvements in injuries based on the parameters de- ve. Front Microbiol 7: 569. scribed in the study. Topical application of honey could 3. Lee DS, Sinno S, Khachemoune A (2011) Honey and in fact prevent or in any case reduce secondary infec- wound healing: An overview. Am J Clin Dermatol 12: 181- tion, which is very common in many vesicular and ulcer- 190. ative lesions, such as RAS, herpes and lichen planus. This 4. Cook NC, Samman S (1996) Flavonoids-chemistry, meta- ability of honey has been attributed to its ability to de- bolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. J Nutr crease the synthesis of prostaglandins in the area where Biochem 7: 66-76. it is applied, to increase the formation of nitric oxide in 5. Al-Mamary M, Al-Meeri A, Al-Habori M (2002) Antioxidant the wound area, and to reduce the proliferation of bac- activities and total phenolics of different types of honey. teria and fungi, and also to its properties antioxidants. Nutr Res 22: 1041-1047. 6. Cooper R (2007) Honey in wound care: Antibacterial pro- Hwang, et al. [20] assessed the effect of honey on perties. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip 2: 51. postoperative pain after tonsillectomy in a systematic review reporting that the pain was less; therefore, there 7. Molan P Rhodes T (2015) Honey: A biologic wound dres- sing. Wounds 27: 141-151. was less need for analgesics than in the control group. 8. Khosravi Samani M, Poorsattar Bejeh Mir A, Mohamma- Other studies, [35,36] conducted on patients from dnejad G, Sajadi B, Fereshtehnejad Seyed M (2011) The 4 to 9 years of age undergoing extraction of decidu- potential of honey to promote wound healing in periodon- ous molars, have shown how the application of Ma- tology: A pilot randomized clinicaltrial. Med J Islam Repub Iran 25: 177-185.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sweetening the Potential for Decent Work. a Market Systems Analysis of the Honey Sector In
    X Sweetening the potential for decent work A market systems analysis of the honey sector in the Republic of Moldova Copyright © International Labour Organization 2021 First published (2021) Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licenses issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ISBN: 9789220344927 (Web PDF) Also available in Romanian: “Îndulcirea” potențialului de muncă decentă: O analiză a sistemelor de piață a sectorului apicol din Republica Moldova, ISBN: 9789220344934 (Web PDF) The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Would We Bee Without Them?
    Year 4 Biological Sciences Agriculture in Education: an educational resource for Year 4 Biological Sciences Where would we Bee without them? Funded by the Australian Government, Department of Education under the Agriculture in Education Program Phase 2. Year 4 Biological Sciences Where would we Bee without them? Year 4 Biological Sciences Content Description Living things have life cycles ACSSU072 Living things depend on each other and the environment to survive ACSSU073 Source: Australian Curriculum v8.1 http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/science/curriculum/f-10?layout=1 - level4 © Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) 2010 to present, unless otherwise indicated. This material was downloaded from the Australian Curriculum website (accessed 21 March 2016) and was not modified. The material is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Version updates are tracked on the Curriculum version history page of the Australian Curriculum website. ACARA does not endorse any product that uses the Australian Curriculum or make any representations as to the quality of such products. Any product that uses material published on his website should not be taken to be affiliated with ACARA or have the sponsorship or approval of ACARA. It is up to each person to make their own assessment of the product, taking onto account matters including, but not limited to, the version number and the degree to which the materials align with the content descriptions (endorsed by all education Ministers), not the elaborations (examples provided by ACARA). Learning Outcomes At the end of the unit, students will be able to: • Discuss our reliance on bees for food; • Identify and describe the body parts of a honey bee; • Describe the role of bees in pollination; • Describe the interaction between bees and flowering plants; • Explain the division of labour within a bee colony; • Sequence the stages of development of a bee from egg to adult; • Describe how the Small Hive Beetle can damage bee colonies; • Explain why bee populations are declining and what we can do about it.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern American Nectar Sources for Honey Bees
    Northern American nectar sources for honey bees Huguenot Beekeepers Association Northern American nectar sources for honey bees • The nectar resource in a given area depends on the kinds of flowering plants present and their blooming periods. Which kinds grow in an area depends on soil texture, soil pH, soil drainage, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, extreme minimum winter temperature, and growing degree days. The plants listed below grow in USDA Hardiness zone 5. A good predictor for when a plant will bloom and produce nectar is a calculation of the growing degree days. Hopkins' Bioclimatic Law states that in North America east of the Rockies, a 130 m (400-foot) increase in elevation, a 4° change in latitude north (444.48 km), or a 10° change in longitude east (two thirds of a time zone) will cause a biological event to occur four days later in the spring or four days earlier in the fall. In botany, the term phenology refers to the timing of flower emergence, sequence of bloom, fruiting, and leaf drop in autumn. • The classification in major or minor nectar source is very dependent on the agricultural use of the land. An agricultural crop such as canola or alfalfa may be a major or minor source depending on local plantings. Generally, the more diverse a forage area is, the better for a stationary apiary. Urban, suburban and areas not under cultivation provide more consistent warm-season nectar forage than areas that are heavily cultivated with only a few agricultural crops. The nectar sources from large cultivated fields of blooming apples, cherries, canola, melons, sunflowers, clover etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Flavonoid Patterns of French Honeys with Different Floral Origin C Soler, Mi Gil, C García-Viguera, Fa Tomás-Barberán
    Flavonoid patterns of French honeys with different floral origin C Soler, Mi Gil, C García-Viguera, Fa Tomás-Barberán To cite this version: C Soler, Mi Gil, C García-Viguera, Fa Tomás-Barberán. Flavonoid patterns of French honeys with different floral origin. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 1995, 26 (1), pp.53-60. hal-00891245 HAL Id: hal-00891245 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891245 Submitted on 1 Jan 1995 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Original article Flavonoid patterns of French honeys with different floral origin C Soler MI Gil, C García-Viguera, FA Tomás-Barberán Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Ciencia y Technología de los Alimentos, CEBAS (CSIC), PO Box 4195, Murcia 30080, Spain (Received 9 August 1994; accepted 16 November 1994) Summary — The flavonoid profiles of 12 different unifloral French honey samples were analysed by HPLC to evaluate if these substances could be used as markers of the floral origin of honey. In this anal- ysis, the characteristic flavonoids from propolis and/or beeswax (chrysin, galangin, tectochrysin, pinocembrin and pinobanksin) were separated from those originating mainly from nectar and/or pollen (polyhydroxylated flavonoid aglycones), which would be related to their floral origin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Manuka & Kanuka Plantation Guide
    The Mānuka & KānukaPlantation Guide April 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREPARATION OF THE GUIDE WAS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH FUNDING FROM THE FOLLOWING ORGANISATIONS. WE ARE ALSO GRATEFUL TO THE INTERVIEWEES WITHOUT WHOM THIS GUIDE WOULD NOT HAVE DELIVERED THE REAL-WORLD DATA, INSIGHTS, AND INFORMATION NEEDED. THANKS ALSO TO THE MANY BOFFA MISKELL LTD STAFF WHO GENEROUSLY SHARED THEIR EXPERTISE AND COSTS INFORMATION. DOCUMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE FOR CITATION: BOFFA MISKELL LIMITED 2017. THE MĀNUKA & KĀNUKA PLANTATION GUIDE: PREPARED BY: LOUISE SAUNDERS, BOFFA MISKELL LIMITED INTERVIEWS BY: MATTHEW LAY REVIEWED BY: STEPHEN FULLER, BOFFA MISKELL LIMITED DON SHEARMAN, TARANAKI DISTRICT COUNCIL GRANT BLACKIE, WAIKATO REGIONAL COUNCIL ISSUE DATE: APRIL 2017 USE AND RELIANCE THIS REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED BY BOFFA MISKELL LIMITED ON THE BASIS OF THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO US AT THE TIME OF PUBLICATION. BOFFA MISKELL DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY IN RELATION TO THE USE OF THIS REPORT. ANY USE OR RELIANCE BY A THIRD PARTY IS AT THAT PARTY’S OWN RISK. WHERE INFORMATION HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM OTHER EXTERNAL SOURCES, IT HAS BEEN ASSUMED THAT IT IS ACCURATE, WITHOUT INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION, UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED. NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY IS ACCEPTED BY BOFFA MISKELL LIMITED FOR ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS. FILE REF:T15144_MANUKA PLANTING_GUIDELINE_FINAL THE MAJORITY OF THE PLATES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE TAKEN BY LOUISE SAUNDERS (BOFFA MISKELL), OTHER THAN THE FOLLOWING: PLATE 44 - REBECCA RYDER (BOFFA MISKELL), PLATE 56 - MARCUS GIRVEN (BOFFA MISKELL), PLATES 50 - 53 AND 55 - MATTHEW LAY, AND THE IMAGES THAT APPEAR ON PAGES 26 - 31 WERE PROVIDED BY SVEN STELLIN Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Honey Bee Nutritional Health in Agricultural Landscapes: Relationships to Pollen and Habitat Diversity
    Honey bee nutritional health in agricultural landscapes: Relationships to pollen and habitat diversity by Ge Zhang A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Entomology Program of Study Committee: Matthew O’Neal, Co-major Professor Amy Toth, Co-major Professor Joel Coats Russell Jurenka Matthew Liebman The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2020 Copyright © Ge Zhang, 2020. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................. v ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 Literature review ........................................................................................................................ 1 Dissertation Objectives ............................................................................................................ 13 Dissertation Organization ........................................................................................................ 14
    [Show full text]
  • Anal. M Saison 2007
    Analysis Report According to ISO 17025 Louvain-la-Neuve, 28/10/2019 Certificat n°312-TEST CARI ASBL RED SAND TRADING & CO SA 4, Place Croix du Sud B - 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM SOENENS Gaetan Tél. : +3210/47 34 16 Route de Philippeville, 55 Fax. : +3210/47 34 94 e-mail : [email protected] 5651 TARCIENNE http://www.cari.be Sample description: Your reference / Batch: Eucalyptus 11318 Honey N° 3924720 Region: Madagascar Received on 17/09/2019 Visited flora : Eucalyptus Harvest period: de l'année 1. CHEMICAL - PHYSICAL ANALYSIS Harmonised method of the European Honey Commission (Apidologie Revue, 1997, Special Issue) Legal regulation : CEE-2001-110 a) Testing analysis according to ISO 17025:2005 Refractometry at 20°C Moisture content (%) 17,3 ± 0,4 Recommended Limit ≤ 18 % Legal limit ≤ 20 % Equivalence point Titration pH / Acidity "Limit of Detection" : Free Acidity ≤ 1,5 Initial pH 4,6 ± 0,18 "Limit of Quantification": 1,5 < FA ≤ 3,5 Legal limit for FA ≤ 50 pH at equivalence point ± 0,67 Free acidity - FA (meq/kg) ± Electric conductivity 1,34 ± 0,02 Electric conductivity at 20°C Legal limit for honeydew (mS/cm) conductivity ≥ 0,8 HMF (mg/kg) 1,4 ± 2,3 Méthode HPLC non détecté: HMF ≤ 0,3 Legal limit Hydroxymethylfurfural HMF ≤ 40 non quantifié: 0,3 < HMF ≤ 1,0 tropical honey ≤ 80 Saccharase index 14,1 ± 1,7 Sprectroscopic Method "Limit of Detection" : IS ≤ 0,9 "Limit of Quantification": 0,9 < IS ≤ 2,1 Recommended Limit > 10 If IS < 10 then ID/IS ≤ 2,5 Diastasic activity (Schade) ± Diastasic activity with phadebas "Limit of Detection" : ID ≤ 0,3 Legal limit: ID > 8 "Limit of Quantification": 0,3 < ID ≤ 1,9 For some monofloral honey (like citrus) : ID > 3 if HMF < 15 mg/kg FE.LAB.8.27/Rév.1 This document may only be reproduced in full.The results given herein apply to the submitted sample only .
    [Show full text]
  • 9. Definition and Uses of Honey
    9. DEFINITION AND USES OF HONEY WHAT HONEY IS Bees make honey from the nectar that they collect from flowers, other plant saps and honeydew are used to a minor extent. The colour, aroma and consistency of honey all depend upon which flowers the bees have been foraging. Forager honeybees are always female worker bees. The queen bee and drone bees never forage for food. After visiting a flower, the foraging honeybee flies back to her nest that may be in a hollow tree or other natural cavity, or inside a man-made hive. The nectar that she collected from the flower is carried in her honey sac, a modified part of the gut. Once inside the nest, she regurgitates the fluid and passes it through her mouth to one or more 'house' bees, which in turn swallow it and regurgitate it. As each bee sucks the liquid up through her proboscis and into her honey sac, a small amount of protein becomes added and water is evaporated. The proteins added by the bees are enzymes, which convert sugars in the nectar into different types of sugars. The liquid travels through a chain of bees in this way before it is placed in a cell of honeycomb. After the liquid has been placed in the cell, bees continue to process it, and further water evaporates as they do so. The temperature of the nest near the honey storage area is usually around 35 °C. This temperature, and the ventilation produced by fanning bees, causes further evaporation of water from the honey.
    [Show full text]
  • Monofloral Honey in the UK
    CBI Product Factsheet: Monofloral Honey in the UK CBI | Market Intelligence Product Factsheet Cloves in Germany | 1 Introduction Monofloral honey is very popular in the United Kingdom (UK), since consumers like to diversify their honey consumption. This provides great opportunities for exporters in developing countries to add value to their product. Of course, labelling your honey as ‘monofloral’ requires specific production methods and appropriate validation. Product description Monofloral honey refers to honey made from nectar collected from one particular flower variety. This, however, does not mean that such honey does not contain elements from other floral varieties. Monofloral honey might contain nectar of various other flowers, but the nectar from the main sources is dominant. Production of monofloral honey is only possible under the following two conditions: The target nectar origin must be dominant in the area. Bees must have few alternatives for nectar collection. Additionally, beekeepers must prepare the hives and colonies for collection of this nectar, including the removal of any other honey to avoid ‘contamination’ by other nectars. The beekeeper must coordinate the timing between the introduction of the beehive and the harvesting. They must coincide with the blooming period of the specific plant. This is possible through careful observation of the blooming period of the target nectar source and overlapping blooming periods of other nectar-producing plants. Monofloral honey is increasingly becoming popular in the UK, where consumers appreciate single-origin honeys such as Acacia honey. Acacia honey has a mild taste and light colour which matches general consumer preferences. Other varieties, such as Manuka and buckwheat honeys, are also very popular, offering great opportunities for developing country exports.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Would We Bee Without Them?
    Year 4 Biological Sciences Agriculture in Education: an educational resource for Year 4 Biological Sciences Where would we Bee without them? Funded by the Australian Government, Department of Education under the Agriculture in Education Program Phase 2. Year 4 Biological Sciences Where would we Bee without them? Year 4 Biological Sciences Content Description Living things have life cycles ACSSU072 Living things depend on each other and the environment to survive ACSSU073 Source: Australian Curriculum v8.1 http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/science/curriculum/f-10?layout=1 - level4 © Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) 2010 to present, unless otherwise indicated. This material was downloaded from the Australian Curriculum website (accessed 21 March 2016) and was not modified. The material is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Version updates are tracked on the Curriculum version history page of the Australian Curriculum website. ACARA does not endorse any product that uses the Australian Curriculum or make any representations as to the quality of such products. Any product that uses material published on his website should not be taken to be affiliated with ACARA or have the sponsorship or approval of ACARA. It is up to each person to make their own assessment of the product, taking onto account matters including, but not limited to, the version number and the degree to which the materials align with the content descriptions (endorsed by all education Ministers), not the elaborations (examples provided by ACARA). Learning Outcomes At the end of the unit, students will be able to: • Discuss the role of bees in pollination; • Discuss our reliance on bees for food; • Describe relationships between bees and plants; • Identify and describe the body parts of a honey bee; • Explain the division of labour within a bee colony; • Sequence the stages of development from egg to adult; • Understand how the small hive beetle can damage bee colonies; • Suggest reasons why bee populations are declining.
    [Show full text]
  • Beekeeping Calendar for the Northeast JANUARY
    Beekeeping calendar for the Northeast JANUARY In the hive The bees are in their winter cluster, except for very warm and sunny days (roughly 50ºF and above), when they might leave the hive for a cleansing flight. Queens may lay a few eggs, in which case the cluster will need to keep the brood warm. Dead bees may pile up on the bottom board; on warm days, the bees may remove the bodies, and other bees may fly off to die. Dead bees scattered on the snow outside the hive are therefore a good sign. Seasonal conditions In Ithaca, NY, January is the coldest month. The average minimum and maximum temperatures are 15ºF and 31ºF, with 18” of snowfall and 2” of additional precipitation. Nothing is in bloom except maybe some varieties of witch hazel (Hamamelis spp.). Beekeeping activities Inspection Yard maintenance • When inspecting a colony in winter, it is not necessary • Ensure that the hive cover is properly secured. to open it. Do a quick external inspection, visual and • Check for evidence of critters living in the nice, auditory, to check the cluster. Listen for the bees with toasty hive. your ear directly on the upper part of the hive; if you do not hear anything, tap the outside of the hive and • Remove ice blocking the hive entrance, to give the the bees should respond. colonies better ventilation. Don’t worry about snow around the entrance or hive body; it allows enough • You can open the hive if it is relatively warm and airflow and may help insulate the bees.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Actors and Their Value Adding Activities in Honey Value Chain; Challenges and Opportunities in Ethiopia
    The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, Volume 4 Issue 5 September – October 2020 ISSN: 2581-3889 Research Article Open Access Review on Actors and their Value Adding Activities in Honey Value chain; Challenges and Opportunities in Ethiopia Seble Tigistu Department of Agribusiness and value chain management, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia ABSTRACT: This review was conducted to assess actors and their value adding activities in honey value chain in Ethiopia. The objective is specifically to review the production and marketing of honey, to review the different functions, actors and service providers along the honey value chain and to review the challenges and opportunities in honey value chain development. Ethiopia has huge apicultural resources that made it the leading honey producer in Africa similarly, exports honey to different destination countries. The country has the potential of producing up to 500,000 tons of honey per annum. But currently production is limited to 50,000 tons of honey and the commercialization of other high value bee products such as pollen, propolis and bee venom is not yet practiced at a marketable volume, even not yet recognized. And still the country is facing with many constraints of beekeeping such as shortage of trained manpower, shortage of beekeeping equipment, adulteration, lack of value addition, pests and predators and inadequate research works to support development programs. To make considerable improvement on beekeeping sub-sector, it is essential that the government and relevant development partners work hand in hand to design and promote forums and how to add value onto the products. Keywords: Honey, production and marketing, value chain I.
    [Show full text]