Understanding the Homeland Threat Landscape Hearing
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UNDERSTANDING THE HOMELAND THREAT LANDSCAPE HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JUNE 25, 2012 Serial No. 112–109 Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 80–849 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY PETER T. KING, New York, Chairman LAMAR SMITH, Texas BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California LORETTA SANCHEZ, California MIKE ROGERS, Alabama SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas HENRY CUELLAR, Texas GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia LAURA RICHARDSON, California CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois TIM WALBERG, Michigan BRIAN HIGGINS, New York CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota CEDRIC L. RICHMOND, Louisiana JOE WALSH, Illinois HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan PATRICK MEEHAN, Pennsylvania WILLIAM R. KEATING, Massachusetts BEN QUAYLE, Arizona KATHLEEN C. HOCHUL, New York SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia JANICE HAHN, California BILLY LONG, Missouri RON BARBER, Arizona JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania BLAKE FARENTHOLD, Texas ROBERT L. TURNER, New York MICHAEL J. RUSSELL, Staff Director/Chief Counsel KERRY ANN WATKINS, Senior Policy Director MICHAEL S. TWINCHEK, Chief Clerk I. LANIER AVANT, Minority Staff Director (II) C O N T E N T S Page STATEMENTS The Honorable Peter T. King, a Representative in Congress From the State of New York, and Chairman, Committee on Homeland Security .................... 1 The Honorable Bennie G. Thompson, a Representative in Congress From the State of Mississippi, and Ranking Member, Committee on Homeland Security: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 4 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 5 WITNESSES Hon. Janet Napolitano, Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 6 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 9 Mr. Matthew G. Olsen, Director, National Counterterrorism Center: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 21 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 24 FOR THE RECORD The Honorable Michael T. McCaul, a Representative in Congress From the State of Texas: Image ..................................................................................................................... 41 The Honorable Loretta Sanchez, a Representative in Congress From the State of California: Letter ..................................................................................................................... 57 APPENDIX Questions From Chairman Peter T. King for Hon. Janet Napolitano ................ 71 (III) UNDERSTANDING THE HOMELAND THREAT LANDSCAPE Wednesday, July 25, 2012 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, WASHINGTON, DC. The committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:05 a.m., in Room 311, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Peter T. King [Chairman of the committee] presiding. Present: Representatives King, Lungren, Rogers, McCaul, Broun, Miller, Walberg, Cravaack, Walsh, Meehan, Quayle, Long, Duncan, Marino, Turner, Thompson, Sanchez, Jackson Lee, Cuellar, Clarke of New York, Richardson, Clarke of Michigan, Hahn, and Barber. Also present: Representative Crawford. Chairman KING. Good morning. The Committee on Homeland Se- curity will come to order. Before we begin the actual proceedings, I would like to acknowl- edge the appearance of a new Member to the Congress, Member of the committee, Congressman Ron Barber from Arizona. He suc- ceeds our former colleague, Gabby Giffords, for whom he served as district director, I believe. He has a long, distinguished record in Arizona. I am sure Secretary Napolitano is familiar with him. I’m getting ganged up on by people from Arizona here. But, anyway, Ron, it is good to have you on the committee. Look forward to working with you. You know, we appreciate the interest and concern you have already shown. So, thank you. Mr. THOMPSON. [Off mike.] Chairman KING. The gentleman from Mississippi. Mr. THOMPSON. I would also like to welcome Mr. Barber to the Democratic side. Your reputation for being a hard worker precedes you. We look forward to it. The work is in the rear, as soon as the meeting is over. We look forward to you picking it up. But thank you very much for being here. Chairman KING. I will start with the formal notice. The Com- mittee on Homeland Security is meeting today to hear testimony from Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano and National Counterterrorism Director Matthew Olsen on the homeland threat landscape. I will recognize myself for an opening statement. But before I begin the opening statement—and I will defer to Secretary Napolitano if she wants to add to the comments—I want to acknowledge that we just learned—Secretary Napolitano learned yesterday that former Homeland Security employees were killed in Afghanistan this week. Our thoughts and prayers, as the Secretary said, are with the families of former U.S. Border Patrol agent and (1) 2 retired ICE agent Benjamin Monsivais and retired CBP Port Direc- tor Joseph Perez. They were in Afghanistan working with contractors, supporting the Afghan border police in their training efforts, and also two other individuals wounded in this senseless attack. So obviously, our thoughts and prayers go out to them and their families. Chairman KING. If the Secretary wants to comment on that now, I will defer to you. Secretary NAPOLITANO. [Off mike.] Chairman KING. All right. Thank him for his service. I will now recognize myself for an opening statement. This is Secretary Napolitano’s fourth appearance before our com- mittee in the past 18 months. She has also held a number of unoffi- cial meetings and briefings with Members of the committee. I know this occurs on both sides of the aisle, and I want to thank her for her cooperation on that. Matt Olsen is, I guess, just finishing his first year as director of the National Counterterrorism Center. He has a long distinguished record in Government prior to that. I would just say, in a personal capacity, I have had several meetings with him, received several briefings from him. Whenever there has been an incident and we had to reach him by phone, if I was back in the District, he was there. He provided the essential information, and has, again, been more than willing to cooperate with us in any way, and I thank you for your service and look forward to continued working with you. When Secretary Napolitano testified before our committee in January 2012, she stated that the radicalization of U.S. citizens to al-Qaeda’s violent and extremist ideology was a ‘‘game-changer.’’ To examine that threat, I convened a series of hearings to examine the scope and the severity of that threat. That is really what we are faced with today, is what is the scope and severity of the threat, both from homegrown terrorists, from splinter terrorist groups around the world, and from core al-Qaeda? In the past year, past 15 months, there have been a number of outstanding achievements. There was the killing of bin Laden. There was the killing of Awlaki. There was the killing of Samir Khan, and other top al-Qaeda leaders. Yet there are still real threats. In this 112th Congress alone, there have been 10 al-Qaeda plots that we know of against the United States. In addition to that now, we have plots from Iran, as the attempted assassinations here in Washington demonstrated last December. Also with the intensity in the Middle East, with Iran and Israel, with the United States and Iran, with Iran and her neighbors, we have to be concerned about threats to the home- land from Hezbollah. We also have hearings on that, but I look for- ward to any testimony you have on that, especially seeing what happened to Bulgaria, to the extent that Hezbollah was involved in the killing of the Israeli children in Bulgaria. Also, there has been an emergence of Boko Haram. Congressman Meehan has done an outstanding job in that with his sub- committee. We have asked to have Boko Haram designated as a foreign terrorist organization. I believe, Congressman Meehan and others in the committee believe that is essential, if the Justice De- partment is going to have the powers of enforcement that it needs. 3 Again, this is a growing threat, and I look forward to any testi- mony you have on the whole issue of Boko Haram. There has been another issue, and that is the question of leaks, which I believe have a direct impact on the security of our home- land. It began last year after the killing of bin Laden, which was— the President deserves tremendous credit for that, but the leaks that poured out of the administration in the days and weeks fol- lowing that. Then the agreement with Sony Pictures to do a film on it. Then, after that, we had the—just 2 months ago, the al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula plot,