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Food Composition Table for Nepal 2012

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Food Composition Table for Nepal 2012 Research Bulletin FOOD COMPOSITION TABLE FOR NEPAL 2012 NEPAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND QUALITY CONTROL NATIONAL NUTRITION PROGRAM Kathmandu, Nepal FOOD COMPOSITION TABLE FOR NEPAL 2012 NEPAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND QUALITY CONTROL NATIONAL NUTRITION PROGRAM Babarmahal, Kathamandu. Tel: 4-262369, 4-262741, 4-251132 Fax: 4-262337 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Web: www.dftqc.gov.np, www.spsenquiry.gov.np PREFACE Nepal remains one of the most intervention are ongoing. Out of many, development of malnourished countries around the food composition table is one of the activities. world. Malnutrition remains a major contributor to child health problems, as National Nutrition Program has complied data on food well as contributing to future poverty by composition and related information in this text. I would damaging the cognitive and physical like to thank the entire team who are involved in this development of children who are work. Besides, I thank the effort of Food Research Officer affected, reducing their educational Ms. Keshari Laxmi Bajracharya and Computer Operator achievement, normal physical Mr. Binod Rasaili for preparation and compilation of the development, and their future earnings. Damage done in Food Composition Table. the early years leads to permanent impairment with lifelong irreversible impact. They are much more likely to suffer from a serious infection and to die from common childhood illnesses. Nearly half of Nepali children under five are stunted, indicating early chronic malnutrition and almost similar ................................ situation with women as well. Therefore, improving Jiwan Prava Lama nutritional status of children and women has been Director General recognized as a top priority by the Government, which has adopted the targets of MDGs 1 and has also adopted the world fit for children's goal on micronutrients. National Nutrition Program of Department of Food Technology and Quality Control is working with in this area for the almost last thirty years. Food based strategy is the major approach adopted for solving malnutrition problem. Different activities related to food based CONTENTS Preface Introduction 1 Sources of Data and Methodology 3 Food composition table 5 A. Cereal and Cereal products 5 B. Pulses and Legumes 7 C. Green leafy vegetables 11 D. Other vegetables 17 E. Root and tubers 23 F. Vegetable products 25 G. Fruits 27 H. Condiments and spices 33 I. Nuts and oilseeds 35 J. Meat and meat products 37 K. Egg 49 L. Fish and fish products 49 M. Milk and milk products 41 N. Fats and edible oil 41 O. Miscellaneous foods 43 P. Cooked foods 45 Q. Weaning foods prepared locally 47 R. Wild edible food plants 49 Supplementary food 55 Annex 61 1. Recommended dietary Allowance 61 2. Recommended Intake of Nutrients 62 3. Balance diet for men 63 4. Balance diet for women 64 5. Balance diet for Children 65 6. Balance diet for adolescent boys and girls 66 7. Common name, Scientific Name and Nepali name 67 8. Short communication on Super flour (Balahar) 77 Bibliography 80 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF NEPAL Nepal is a landlocked country bordering India to the east, west and south and china to the North with total area of 147,181 Square km ranging in altitude from less than 100 meters in south to over 8848 meters in the north. The average length from east to west is divided into 75 district with 16 district in the north, 39 district in the middle( hills) and 20 districts in the South (Terai). Similarly Nepal is divided into five development regions. They are the eastern region, the central region, western region, mid-western region and far western region. Nepal is divided into three broad ecological regions (i) Mountain (35%), (ii) Hills(42%), and (iii) Terai (low land) (23%) Nepal is predominantly rural societies with more than 80% of the population live in the rural areas are engaged in agriculture. Based on the preliminary result of national population census of 2011, the total population growth rate is estimated at 1.4 per annum. The population of Nepal is 2, 66,20,809. The preliminary results reveals that the population of male and female in Nepal is 1,29,27,431 and 1,36,93,378 respectively. The crude birth rate and death rates are estimated of 22.17 and 6.1 per thousand populations respectively. The total fertility rate of 2.6 per women, Infant mortality rate 46 per 1000 live birth, child mortality rate 9 per 1000 live birth , under 5 mortality rate 54 per 1000 live birth and and maternal mortality rate 299 per 100000 and life expectancy at birth is 66.16 years. DFTQC: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Department of Food Technology and Quality Control is one of the four departments under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of Government of Nepal. It was established in 1961 A.D. as the Department of Food in Singh Durbar, which later in 1965 was shifted to the present location of Barbarmahal, Kathmandu. In 1966, the name Department of Food was renamed as Food Research Laboratory. It became Central Food Research Laboratory in 1980 and the most of the time of its history existed with this name. In the year 2000, the Central Food Research Laboratory was given the name “Department of Food Technology and Quality Control” and became the fourth department under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. From the very beginning, DFTQC has devoted its efforts for ensuring the availability of safe, quality and nutritious food to Nepalese people through a number of activities in the area of food quality control, development and dissemination of food processing technologies as well as food and nutrition programs. As mandated by the Government of Nepal, DFTQC is the sole government agency to execute the food and feed Acts and Regulations in the country. NATIONAL NUTRITION PROGRAM National Nutrition Program is a part of functioning body of DFTQC. Under this component, the nutritious value different non-conventional and traditional Agro and forest based foods are analyzed. The other major activities under this program are research on weaning foods and recipes 1 development, conducting community nutritional programs on different villages and remote districts, and food nutrition education and communication programs. FOOD AND NUTRITION There is six fundamental rights of human being. These are food, water, air, clothes, shelter and security. Among them, food is the one of the most important fundamental rights of all the people. Everyone should have access to food which is sufficient, balance and safe to satisfy nutritional requirement and culturally acceptable. It plays an important role in the lives of the people. It is essential for human existence just like air and water. The food that we eat is utilized in the body and the assimilated substances are used for the maintenance and growth of physical, mental, intellectual development and reproduction. According to WHO" Good health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely absence of disease a or infirmity". Food provide our body all the nutrients a such as carbohydrate, fat, protein, mineral, vitamins and water. The human body require more than 45 nutrients for its well - being. Lack of any one of the nutrient can result in the deficiency disorder and of immunity power, so a number of food stuff have to be selected to get all the essential nutrients to fulfill our requirement. The nutritional requirements of person differ according to age, sex, physical activities and physiological conditions. Nutrients are the constituents of food, which help to use to maintain our body function and the growth and renewal of its components and to protect our organ. Thus nutrition is the science that deals with the digestion, absorption and metabolism of food that is the utilization of food in the body. It may be defined as "the science that interprets the relations of the food to the functioning of living organism". It includes uptake of foods, liberation of energy , elimination of wastage . All the process of synthesis essential for maintenance and reproduction. These fundamental activities are characteristics of all living organism from the simples to the most complex plants and animals. When the diet is able to meet all the nutrients needs of an individual and it also provides our extra allowances for minor stress and strain the individual is said to be in a state of optimum nutrition. It is highest nutrition level, which can be attained. Optimum nutrition is also known as adequate nutrition or good nutrition. Good nutrition thus provides all essential nutrients in correct balance, which are further utilized o promote the highest level of physical and mental health. Thus balance diet can be defined as one, which contain different types of foods (food from all groups) in such quantities and proportion that the needs for all the nutrients are adequately met and a small extra allowance is made as a margin of safety. Thus nutrition is one of the most important factors closely associated with the growth and development of a child. The government of Nepal is committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs) for nutrition aim to reduce the level of general malnutrition( underweight and stunting) by half of 2015. Improvement on nutritional status is essential not only to reach MDGs, but also for achieving other goals such as reduced child mortality, improved maternal health and universal primary education. FOOD COMPOSITION TABLE A food composition table (FCT) provides detailed information on the nutritional composition of foods. FCT s provide values for energy and nutrients 2 (e.g. protein, fat, vitamins and minerals) and other important food components (e.g.
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