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GEOGRAPHY MAPPING.Pdf YEARLY COMPILATION: 2019-20 | GEOGRAPHY MAPPING | Contents 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ............... 1-34 Cyclone Vayu ............................................27 Wandering of the Geo-Magnetic Poles . 1 Kyarr and Maha Mark First Case ...........28 Anthropocene recognised as an epoch . 2 of Two Simultaneous Cyclones over ......... Arabian Sea Annular Solar Eclipse ................................. 3 Volcanic eruption in White Island ..........29 Polar Vortex ................................................4 Colour Coded Weather Warning ............29 Auroras ........................................................5 Kelp Forests ..............................................30 Heat Waves .................................................6 Mass Extinctions ......................................31 Australia Bushfi res.....................................7 Strange waves rippled around the .......32 Melting of Himalayan Glaciers ................. 8 world, and nobody knows why Sea Level Increase .....................................9 Frigid planet detected orbiting .............32 Ocean Warming .......................................10 nearby star Impact of Weak El Nino conditions .......11 Increasing Refl ection of Cirrus Cloud ...33 Local Indian Ocean phenomenon ........12 Cloud Brightening Project ......................33 may bring better rainfall despite .............. Sinking Chain of Atolls of India ..............33 El Nino MOSAIC EXPEDITION ..............................34 Atlantic Meridional Overturning ...........13 th Circulation (AMOC) 11 Southern Ocean Expedition ...........34 of Indian Scientists In Antarctic Delayed Withdrawal of Monsoon ..........14 Ground Frost reported from many .......16 2. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY .......... 35-58 states of South India Global Carbon Project Report ................35 Ice Stupa Stamp .......................................17 India observer at Arctic Council .............35 Why this winter is extra cold in India? .. 18 Japan resumes Commercial Whaling ....36 Coral Reefs ................................................19 MECOS 3: Global Marine Ecosystem ....37 The rising threat of coral bleaching ......20 Meet in Kochi Stormquake ..............................................21 Disaster resilience in risk-prone ...........37 Danakil Depression .................................21 Asia needs realistic policy and .................. Naming of Cyclones ................................22 fi nancial planning Cyclone Herold .........................................23 The Montreal Protocol ...........................39 Cyclone Bulbul..........................................25 Goldschmidtite .........................................39 Fani - Country’s strongest April ...........25 Geo-engineering ......................................40 cyclone in 43 years Eurasian Resources and CNMC .............41 Disaster preparedness with ..................26 fi rms eye Vedanta’s Zambia Arm reference to Odisha Deep-sea Mining ......................................42 Cyclone ‘IDAI’ ...........................................27 Marine Debris ...........................................43 www.iasscore.in YEARLY COMPILATION: 2019-20 | GEOGRAPHY MAPPING | Coastal Regulation Zone .........................43 World Migration Report 2020 and ........62 Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) ....44 the trend of migration globally Migration in India ....................................62 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman ............44 Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Roma Community ....................................63 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan .......45 City Momentum Index ............................64 Yojana (PM-KMY) State of Food Security and Nutrition ....64 Kisan Credit Card .....................................46 in the World 2019 report National Rural Economic ........................46 The State of the World’s Children .........66 Transformation Project 2019 Reforms in Agro-Economy ......................47 4. PLACES IN NEWS ....................... 67-84 Revision and introduction of MSP ........48 for Minor Forest Produce items PM renamed three islands of ................67 Andaman and Nicobar New Agri Project- “Green Ag.” ...............49 Reunion Island .........................................68 Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund ...........49 Zoji La Pass ...............................................68 Declining Trend in Casual Labour .........50 Gulf of Guinea ..........................................69 in Agriculture Sector Gibraltar ....................................................70 Food Processing .......................................51 Chenani-Nashri tunnel ............................71 ‘Meri Fasal Mera Byora’ ..........................52 M.P.’s Orchha makes it to a ...................72 Revision and introduction of MSP ........52 tentative list of UNESCO World ................. for Minor Forest Produce items Heritage Sites Northeast Gas Grid Project .....................53 Great Barrier Reef ....................................72 Railways’ CONCOR begins Coastal .......53 Top Five Largest Ramsar Sites in ..........74 Operations India Khanij Bidesh India Ltd ...........................54 Louvre Pyramid ........................................76 National Grid of Ports .............................54 UNESCO World Heritage Sites ................77 Project Mausam .......................................55 Top fi ve longest rivers in the world .......77 Kaleshwaram Project ...............................55 Kalapani, a small area on the India ......80 Dam Safety in India .................................56 map that bothers Nepal Polavaram Irrigation Project ..................57 The Drake Passage and “The ................80 Impossible Row” project 3. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY................. 59-66 Rohtang pass tunnel (Atal Tunnel) ........81 World Population Prospects 2019 ..........59 Bougainville ..............................................82 World Cost of Living Survey 2019 ..........60 Kajin Sara Lake may become world’s . 8 3 Global Population Summit in Nairobi ... 61 highest lake www.iasscore.in 1 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 1 Wandering of the Geo-Magnetic Poles Context: Magnetic north and true north (Geographical North Pole) are going to synch for the fi rst time in 360 years. Background: What is the difference between magnetic and geographic poles? The Earth has two pairs of north and south poles. The geographic poles: They are defi ned by the axis around which the planet rotates, and are fi x e d . Magnetic poles: The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet and this behaviour defi nes its magnetic north and south poles, which are not static. Why magnetic poles often change their position? The magnetic poles shift according to the magnetic fi eld of the earth. The presence of the molten iron in the earth’s core and the constant rotation of the earth around its axis are the reasons behind the ever-changing magnetic fi eld of the earth. www.iasscore.in 1 YEARLY COMPILATION: 2019-20 | GEOGRAPHY MAPPING | The changing position of the North Pole is also referred to as the Wandering North Pole hypothesis. So generally there is the gap between the true North Pole and the magnetic north pole of the earth. Its north poles and south poles move around sometimes erratically. Over large periods, they change their locations signifi cantly, sometimes even interchanging their positions. How Magnetic poles interchange their positions? The geologic record shows that hundreds of pole reversals have occurred throughout Earth’s history; they happen when patches of iron atoms in Earth’s liquid outer core become reverse- aligned, like tiny magnets oriented in the opposite direction from those around them. Earth’s magnetic fi eld takes between 1,000 and 10,000 years to reverse, and in the process, it greatly diminishes before it re-aligns. It’s not a sudden fl ip, but a slow process, during which the fi eld strength becomes weak. The fi eld becomes more complex and might show more than two poles for a while, and then builds up in strength and align in the opposite direction. When the reversed patches grow to the point that they dominate the rest of the core, Earth’s overall magnetic fi eld fl ips. The last reversal happened 780,000 years ago during the Stone Age, and indeed there’s evidence to suggest the planet may be in the early stages of a pole reversal right now. What happens if Earth’s Magnetic Poles Flip? Formation of more ozone holes: A strong magnetic fi eld helps protect Earth from blasts of radiation from the sun. Due to the weak magnetic fi eld, the charged particles bombarding Earth’s atmosphere during solar storms would punch holes in Earth’s atmosphere, and this could hurt humans. These ‘holes’ would not be permanent but might be present on one- to 10-year timescales and could be the cause of skin cancer. Impact on Fauna: Animals that use Earth’s magnetic fi eld for navigation—including birds, salmon, and sea turtles could get lost during their routine journeys. Impact on technology: Due to the weakened magnetic fi eld, the impacts of solar disturbances will increase which can damage satellites, cause power outages and interrupt radio transmissions. Some scientist believes that there is a relation between reversal of magnetic fi eld and species extinction but some believe that there is no such relation. What is the current position of magnetic poles? Currently, the magnetic north pole is located somewhere over northern Canada as discovered in 1831
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